JP4144288B2 - Performance information recording device and keyboard instrument - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention generates performance information on a keyboard instrument.PerformancePerformance information recording device, andPerformance information recording deviceIt is related with the keyboard musical instrument provided.
[0002]
[Prior art]
2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, various configurations have been known as devices for generating performance information that represents a performance operation of a keyboard instrument performed by a performer. For example, there is known an apparatus that generates performance information as MIDI (Musical Instruments Digital Interface) data that can define the pitch or velocity (keypress speed) of a musical sound. As another form, a waveform measuring instrument (for example, an oscillograph) that measures the position of a performance operator such as a key is connected to a keyboard instrument, and the time-series position of the performance operator measured by the waveform measuring instrument is determined. A system for generating performance information by sampling the waveform shown can be considered. Further, as another form different from these, a device that samples a musical sound emitted from a keyboard instrument during a performance with a microphone, etc., and generates performance information by specifying a performance operation corresponding to the musical sound from the sampled musical sound, etc. Is also possible.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, these devices have the following problems. First, in a device that generates performance information as MIDI data, MIDI data cannot express a delicate performance operation such as a half stroke, so that the nuances of musical sounds cannot be sufficiently expressed by MIDI data. It was. In addition, in the MIDI data, information regarding each operator is mixed and stored. For this reason, a complicated operation is required when performing a performance operation correction focusing on a specific operator. Further, when performing performance according to event data such as MIDI data in an automatic performance keyboard instrument, a complicated conversion process from the event data to data for driving a performance operator is required.
[0004]
Further, in a device that samples a waveform of a performance operator using a waveform measuring instrument, the waveform measuring instrument generally measures a single channel waveform, and waveforms related to a plurality of performance operators are arranged in parallel. In order to perform measurement, as many waveform measuring instruments as the number of performance operators (for example, 88 keys) are required. Furthermore, waveform measuring instruments are usually not formatted for musical instruments. As a result, there is a problem that the equipment becomes large and the cost is increased. Moreover, if the sampling frequency is increased, performance information indicating a detailed performance operation can be obtained, but there is a problem that the amount of data increases.
[0005]
In the case of a device that generates performance information by associating performance operations with sampled musical sounds, it is difficult to associate performance operations with musical sounds, and in particular, output by operating a plurality of performance operators simultaneously. There is a high possibility that the correspondence between the musical tone and the performance operation becomes inaccurate.
[0006]
  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to easily generate detailed performance information while suppressing the amount of data.PerformanceTo provide a performance information recording apparatus and a keyboard instrument.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to achieve the above object, a performance information recording apparatus according to the present invention is provided in a keyboard instrument, and for a moving member that moves in response to an operation by an operator, the position of the moving member is determined from a rest position as a physical quantity related to the movement. Detection means for continuously detecting to an end position; and physical quantity information generating means for generating position data representing the position of the moving member as physical quantity information based on the position of the moving member which is a physical quantity detected by the detecting means. Based on the moving speed of the moving member obtained from the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, it is determined whether the moving member is stopped, is moving at a constant speed, or is moving while changing the speed. The determination means for determining, the recording means, and the movement of the moving member are represented by a time-series information arrangement, and the arranged information is displayed. Performance information generating means for recording in the recording means as information, and the performance information generating means, when the determining means determines that the moving member is moving while changing the speed, the physical quantity information The position data, which is physical quantity information generated by the generating means, is recorded in the recording means in a first arrangement arranged in time series at regular intervals, and the determining means determines that the moving member is stopped. In the second arrangement, the position data, which is the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, and the time data indicating the period during which the moving member is continuously stopped are arranged in order. When the determination means determines that the moving member is moving at a constant velocity, the position data is the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generation means. Thus, position data indicating the start position of the constant velocity motion, speed data indicating the moving speed of the moving member, and time data indicating a period during which the moving member continuously moves at constant speed are arranged in order. In the case where recording is performed in the third arrangement, and the last of the information arrangement in the recording means is recorded in the second arrangement, according to the elapsed time since the moving member stopped. , The time data recorded in the second array at the tail is updated, and when the tail of the information array in the recording means is recorded in the third array, the moving member is The configuration is characterized in that the time data recorded in the last third array is updated in accordance with the elapsed time since the start of the constant velocity motion.
[0008]
According to such a configuration, the performance information reflects in detail the operation state of the moving member according to the performance operation, and the performance information includes a subtle nuance. If the moving member has not moved, performance information is generated using a period during which the position of the moving member has not changed. As a result, the amount of data of performance information is reduced as compared with performance information composed of information indicating the position of the moving member at regular intervals.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0010]
<Mechanical structure of keyboard instrument>
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a mechanical configuration of a keyboard instrument according to the present embodiment. As shown in this figure, the keyboard instrument 100 is provided with a shelf board 110. On the upper surface of the shelf board 110, a basket 120 is arranged so as to extend in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface. A plurality of balance pins 125 are erected on the upper surface of the cage 120, and each of the 88 keys 130 is arranged side by side on the upper surface of the cage 120 in a state of being penetrated by each balance pin 125. Yes. These keys 130 are assigned note numbers from “1” to “88” indicating the pitch. Further, each key 130 is held so as to be swingable with the position penetrated by the balance pin 125 as an approximate fulcrum, and the performer performs (depresses) the key 130 by pressing the front of the key 130.
[0011]
In the vicinity of the rear of the key 130, an action mechanism 140 that is driven according to the swing of the key 130 is provided. The action mechanism 140 includes 88 hammers 142 to which note numbers from “1” to “88” are assigned, and the hammer 142 strikes the string 170 in conjunction with the key depression. When the string 170 is struck by the hammer 142, string vibration is generated, and the vibration propagates to a soundboard (not shown) through a piece (not shown) to generate a musical sound.
[0012]
By the way, the performer (operator) performs a variety of key operations in order to express subtle nuances even when the key is pressed with respect to one key 130. More specifically, the performer not only changes the key pressing speed for each key pressing, but also for each key pressing, various key pressings such as a key pressing that becomes late and gradually faster, and vice versa. Perform key operations. In addition to this, a playing method such as a half stroke for starting key release before the key 130 reaches the end position (position where the key 130 is fully pressed) is also used. The action mechanism 140 strikes a string according to these subtle key operation differences, and as a result, a musical sound according to the subtle key depression operation is generated.
[0013]
However, when the performance information is generated as MIDI data, for example, for a key pressing operation, the time required for the key to move the distance between two points is detected, and the distance between the two points and the detected time are used. The obtained speed is set as the velocity for the key pressing operation. Therefore, in MIDI data, only a single velocity is defined for each key pressing operation, and only a part of the performance operation is reflected. Therefore, the subtle nuances by the performers could not be expressed sufficiently.
[0014]
Therefore, the keyboard instrument 100 is a continuous sensor from the rest position (the position where the key is released) to the end position of the key 130 as a key sensor that detects a key operation in order to generate performance information that reflects delicate nuances. A sensor for detecting the position is provided. More specifically, a support member 300 for supporting the key sensor 310 is provided above the key 130. FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the key sensor 310 and the key 130. As shown in this figure, the key sensor 310 is provided at a position facing the detected member 135 disposed on the upper surface of each key 130 so as to correspond to each of the 88 keys 130.
[0015]
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the key sensor 310. As shown in this figure, the key sensor 310 includes a light emitting element 312 and a light receiving element 314. Among these, the light emitting element 312 irradiates light toward the detected member 135. On the other hand, the light receiving element 314 receives reflected light of light emitted from the light emitting element 312 to the detected member 135. The key sensor 310 detects the distance to the detected member 135 in units of 0.001 mm according to the amount of light received by the light receiving element 314.
[0016]
When the key 130 is pressed, the detected member 135 moves downward as indicated by a two-dot chain line in FIGS. The key sensor 310 continuously detects the position of the key 130 by detecting the distance from the key sensor 310 to the detected member 135. Thereby, the position of the key 130 can be continuously detected from the rest position to the end position. By adopting such a key sensor 310, it is possible to accurately detect a delicate key operation by the performer, and to generate performance information reflecting a delicate nuance from the detected value.
[0017]
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the configuration of the hammer 142 and its surroundings. As shown in this figure, a hammer shank 143 is rotatably attached to a hammer flange 146 included in the action mechanism 140 with a pin 144 as a fulcrum. The hammer shank 143 holds the hammer 142 via the hammer wood 141. When the hammer is pressed, the hammer 142 rotates counterclockwise to a position indicated by a two-dot chain line in the drawing, and the hammer 142 strikes the string.
[0018]
A detected member 145 is fixed on the upper surface of the hammer shank 143. Further, a support member 400 for supporting 88 hammer sensors 410 corresponding to 88 hammers 142 is provided above the hammer shank 143. The hammer sensor 410 has the same configuration as the key sensor 310 described above, and detects the position of the detected member 145 installed in the corresponding hammer shank 143 in units of 0.001 mm. At this time, the hammer sensor 410 continuously detects the position of the hammer 142 from the rest position (position at the time of key release) to the end position (string striking position). As a result, the operation of the hammer 142 is detected without missing a slight change in the operation of the hammer 142.
[0019]
The description returns to FIG. 1 again. Below the keyboard instrument 100, three pedals 150 are provided so as to be swingable. More specifically, a damper pedal, a soft pedal, and a sostenuto pedal are provided, and “1”, “2”, and “3” are assigned as pedal numbers in this order. Above each pedal 150, a support member 500 is provided for supporting three pedal sensors 510 corresponding to the three pedals. Similar to the key sensor 310 described above, these pedal sensors 510 detect the position of the corresponding pedal 150 in units of 0.001 mm. At this time, the pedal sensor 510 continuously detects the pedal position from the rest position (state where the pedal is not depressed) to the end position (position where the pedal is depressed).
[0020]
Further, 88 dampers 160 are provided corresponding to each of the plurality of strings 170, and each damper 160 is assigned a note number from “1” to “88” indicating the pitch. Each damper 160 is positioned so as to come into contact with the string 170 when the key is released, while only the damper 160 corresponding to the pressed key 130 is separated from the string 170 when the key is pressed. However, when the damper pedal is depressed, all the dampers 160 move upward in accordance with the amount of depression of the damper pedal and are separated from the strings 170. As a result, the sound of the musical sound is enriched by the effect of overtones. On the contrary, when the depression of the damper pedal is released, the damper 160 comes into contact with the string 170 and the string vibration is attenuated. As a result, the sound is suppressed.
[0021]
Above the dampers 160, support members 600 that support 88 damper sensors 610 corresponding to the dampers 160 are provided. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the damper 160 and its peripheral configuration. As shown in this figure, when the damper pedal is pressed, the damper 160 moves upward as indicated by a two-dot chain line in accordance with the amount of pressing. The damper sensor 610 has the same configuration as the key sensor 310 described above, detects the position of the detected member 165 provided on the upper surface of the damper 160, and detects the position of the damper 160 in units of 0.001 mm. Thereby, it is possible to generate performance information that expresses in detail whether or not the damper 160 that affects sound attenuation is in contact with the string 170.
[0022]
<Electrical configuration of keyboard instruments>
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an electrical configuration of the keyboard instrument 100. In this figure, the CPU 200 controls each part of the configuration via the bus B. The RAM 210 is used as a work area for the CPU 200 and temporarily stores time data, which will be described later. The ROM 220 records various programs such as a program for the CPU 200 to execute performance information generation / recording processing. Here, the performance information generation / recording process is to detect the positions of four types of moving members (key 130, hammer 142, pedal 150, and damper 160) during the performance of the performer on the keyboard instrument 100, and each moving member. This is a process for generating and recording performance information indicating the operation.
[0023]
The operation unit 230 includes a switch for a user to input various operations, and a start signal for instructing start of performance information generation / recording processing, an end signal for instructing end of the processing, and the like via the bus B. It supplies to CPU200.
Further, the clock unit 240 supplies time information representing the current time to the CPU 200. When receiving the time information, the CPU 200 uses the information to generate time data indicating the moving period of the moving member, speed data indicating the speed of the moving member, and the like.
[0024]
Each of the 88 key sensors 310 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each key 130 to the A / D converter 250K. When the A / D converter 250K receives an analog position signal from each key sensor 310, the A / D converter 250K digitally converts the signal and supplies it to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0025]
Each of the 88 hammer sensors 410 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each hammer 142 to the A / D converter 250H. When the A / D converter 250H receives the analog position signal from each hammer sensor 410, the A / D converter 250H digitally converts the signal and supplies it to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0026]
Each of the three pedal sensors 510 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each pedal 150 to the A / D converter 250P. When the A / D converter 250P receives an analog position signal from each pedal sensor 510, the A / D converter 250P digitally converts the signal and supplies it to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0027]
Each of the 88 damper sensors 610 inputs an analog position signal indicating the detected position of each damper 160 to the A / D converter 250H. When the A / D converter 250H receives the analog position signal from each damper sensor 610, the A / D converter 250H digitally converts the signal and supplies it to the CPU 200 as a digital position signal.
[0028]
When the CPU 200 inputs the digital position signal from each of the A / D conversion units 250K, 250H, 250P, and 250D and the time information from the clock unit 240, the CPU 200 uses the information to move the moving distance of each moving member, The time required for moving by the distance, the moving speed, etc. are obtained, and a moving member-specific file in which the position of each moving member is defined in time series is generated as performance information. At this time, the CPU 200 generates a file by moving member for each of the key 130, the hammer 142, and the damper 160 for each note number, and for the pedal 150 for each pedal number.
[0029]
The storage unit 260 is a rewritable storage unit such as a hard disk, and stores a performance information folder and the like. Here, the performance information folder is recorded in the storage unit 260 for each piece of music, and files for each moving member corresponding to all moving members are stored as performance information of the music.
[0030]
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing the configuration of one moving member-specific file stored in the performance information folder. As shown in this figure, the moving member-specific file f roughly includes an attribute data group and a position / time data group. The attribute data group stores information indicating the moving member file f corresponding to which moving member file f. On the other hand, the position / time data group stores information in which the position of the moving member is defined in time series, that is, information indicating the operation of the moving member. Details of data elements included in the attribute data group and the position / time data group will be described below.
[0031]
The attribute data group includes a note ID / pedal ID, a moving member ID, a lower period L, and an upper period H as data elements. Among these, the moving member ID is information for specifying the type of the moving member, and is information indicating which of the key 130, the hammer 142, the pedal 150, and the damper 160 corresponds to the moving member file f. Also, the note ID / pedal ID is the moving member file f corresponding to which note number when the type of the moving member is specified as one of the key 130, the hammer 142, and the damper 160 by the moving member ID. When the type of the moving member is identified as the pedal 150, it indicates which pedal is the file f by moving member corresponding to which pedal.
[0032]
The lower period L and the upper period H represent the sampling period used when generating the position / time data group by these two. Each of the lower period L and the upper period H can be set by the performer, and a different sampling period can be set for each moving member via the operation unit 230.
[0033]
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a format of data elements included in the attribute data group. As shown in this figure, each data element is defined as 16-bit data. First, the moving member ID stores “1100010001 0000” as the identifier in the upper 12 bits, “0001” indicating the key 130 and “0010” indicating the hammer 142 in the lower 4 bits indicated by “www”. One of “0011” indicating the damper 160 and “0000” indicating the pedal 150 is stored.
[0034]
In the note ID / pedal ID, “1100 0000” as an identifier is stored in the upper 8 bits, and information for specifying the note number or the pedal is stored in the lower 8 bits indicated by “kkkk kkkk”. . More specifically, in the lower 8 bits, any one of “0000 0001 (1 in decimal notation)” to “0101 1000 (88 in decimal notation)” indicating a note number, or “ One of “1000 0000”, “1000 0010” indicating a sostenuto pedal, and “1000 0011” indicating a shift pedal is stored.
[0035]
In the lower period L, “1100 0010” as the identifier is stored in the upper 8 bits, and “t”_Lt_Lt_Lt_L t_Lt_Lt_Lt_LIs stored in the lower 8 bits indicated by “”. On the other hand, in the upper period H, the identifier “1100 0011” is stored in the upper 8 bits, and “t_Ht_Ht_Ht_H t_Ht_Ht_Ht_HIn the lower 8 bits indicated by “”, information indicating the upper 8 bits of the sampling period is stored. As a result, the sampling period is 16 bits “t”._Ht_Ht_Ht_H t_Ht_Ht_Ht_H t_Lt_Lt_Lt_L t_Lt_Lt_Lt_L”. Here, one bit of the sampling period indicates 0.001 mS, and a period from 0.000 mS to 65.535 mS can be expressed in units of 0.001 mS depending on the sampling period.
[0036]
The sampling period may be defined by only the lower period L or only the upper period H. More specifically, when only the lower period L is used, the sampling period is an 8-bit “t”._Lt_Lt_Lt_L t_Lt_Lt_Lt_LThe period from 0.001 mS to 0.255 mS can be expressed in units of 0.001 mS. On the other hand, when only the upper period H is used, the sampling period is 16 bits “t_Ht_Ht_Ht_H t_Ht_Ht_Ht_H  0000 0000 ”, and a period from 0.256 mS to 65.280 mS can be expressed in units of 0.256 mS.
[0037]
In FIG. 8 again, the moving member ID included in the attribute data group indicates “0001” by the lower 4 bits, and the note ID / pedal ID indicates “60” in decimal notation by the lower 8 bits. . The sampling period is defined as “0000 0011 1110 1000” from the lower period L and the upper period H, and indicates “1000” in decimal notation. As a result, it is specified that the file f by moving member is the moving member file f related to the key 130 with the note number “60”, and the sampling period used in the position / time data group is “1 mS”. It is specified that there is.
[0038]
Following such an attribute data group, a position / time data group is stored. The position / time data group includes position data, velocity data, and time data as data elements. Among these, the position data is data indicating the position of the moving member. The speed data is data indicating the speed of the moving member within a certain period. The time data is data indicating a period during which the moving member has moved at a constant speed or stopped.
[0039]
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the format of each data element of position / time data. As shown in this figure, in the position data, “00” is stored as the identifier in the upper 2 bits, and information indicating the position of the moving member is stored in the lower 14 bits indicated by “xx xxxx xxx xxx”. Is done. One bit of the position data indicates 0.001 mm, and the position data can represent a position in 1634 steps from −4.096 mm to 12.287 mm.
[0040]
In the speed data, “01” is stored as the identifier in the upper 2 bits, and information indicating the speed of the moving member is stored in the lower 14 bits indicated by “vv vvvv vvvv vvvv”. One bit of the speed data indicates 1 mm / S.
[0041]
In the time data, “10” is stored as the identifier in the upper 2 bits, and information indicating time is stored in the lower 14 bits indicated by “tt ttttt ttttttttt”. Here, one bit of the time data indicates 0.001 mS, and the time from 0.000 mS to 16.383 mS can be expressed by the time data.
[0042]
Each of these position data, time data, and velocity data is information that defines the position of the moving member in time series by being arranged in accordance with any one of the fixed period arrangement, the constant velocity arrangement, and the stop arrangement. . The CPU 200 generates one of the arrays according to the operation status of the three types of moving members, and stores it in the position / time data group.
[0043]
FIGS. 11A, 11B, and 11C are diagrams illustrating three types of operation states of the moving member. In these drawings, the vertical axis indicates the position of the moving member. The horizontal axis is a time axis, and one scale on the horizontal axis indicates one sampling period. First, as shown in FIG. 11A, when the moving member is moving at a speed that is not constant, that is, the speed at which the acceleration is not 0, the CPU 200 generates a fixed period array and generates position / time data. Store in groups. More specifically, in the periodic array, as shown in FIG. 8, position data is continuously arranged. In this arrangement, each position data sequentially indicates the position of the moving member every time a fixed period (sampling period) elapses.
[0044]
Next, as shown in FIG. 11B, when the moving member is moving at a constant velocity, the CPU 200 generates a constant velocity array and stores it in the position / time data group. More specifically, in the constant velocity array, as shown in FIG. 8, position data, velocity data, and time data are arranged in this order. In this arrangement, it is indicated that the moving member has moved from the position indicated by the position data for the period indicated by the time data at the speed indicated by the speed data. According to such a data notation method, even when the moving member is moving at a constant speed for a long time, the situation can be expressed by only three element data. For example, compare FIGS. 11A and 11B. In the case of a constant cycle arrangement, it is necessary to arrange 20 position data in order to express the movement of the moving member in the period t (20 times the sampling cycle). On the other hand, according to the constant velocity array, it can be expressed by an array of only three data elements when expressing the operation in the same period. As a result, the amount of data is greatly reduced as compared with a format (constant cycle arrangement) in which the positions of the moving members are arranged for each sampling period.
[0045]
Then, as shown in FIG. 11C, when the moving member is stopped, the CPU 200 generates a stop array and stores it in the position / time data group. More specifically, in the constant velocity array, as shown in FIG. 8, position data, time data, and position data are arranged in this order. In this arrangement, the head position data and the tail position data indicate the same position, and the moving member stops at that position for the period indicated by the time data. According to such a data notation method, even if the moving member has been stopped for a long time, the situation can be expressed by only three element data. For this reason, the amount of data is remarkably reduced as compared with a format (constant cycle arrangement) in which the positions of the moving members are arranged for each sampling period.
[0046]
<Operation of keyboard instrument>
Next, performance information generation / recording processing executed by the CPU 200 will be described with reference to FIG. The performance information generation / recording process is a process of detecting the position of each moving member during the performance of the keyboard instrument 100 by the performer, generating the moving member file f from the detection result, and recording it in the storage unit 260. The CPU 200 starts the performance information generation / recording process with the start signal input from the operation unit 230 as a trigger. Also, this process is interrupted by a timer, and the CPU 200 resets the timer at the start of the process.
[0047]
First, when a start signal is input from the operation unit 230, the CPU 200 executes an initialization process (step S1). More specifically, the CPU 200 records the performance information folder in the storage unit 260, and stores the moving member-specific files f related to all moving members in the performance information folder. Further, the lower period L and the upper period H are added to the start signal, and the CPU 200 stores them in the attribute data group of the file f for each moving member. At this time, only the attribute data group is recorded in each moving member-specific file f, and no information regarding the position / time data group is recorded.
[0048]
Next, the CPU 200 executes key data generation / recording processing (step S2). In this key data generation / recording process, for each of the 88 keys 130, a position / time data group in which the position of the key 130 is defined in time series is generated and stored in the performance information folder stored in the storage unit 260. In this process, the generated position / time data group is stored in the included file f. Details of the key data generation / recording process will be described later.
[0049]
Next, the CPU 200 executes hammer data generation / recording processing (step S3). In this process, a position / time data group is generated for each of the 88 hammers 142, and the position / time data group is stored in the moving member-specific file f included in the performance information folder.
[0050]
Next, the CPU 200 executes damper data generation / recording processing (step S4). In this process, a position / time data group is generated for each of the 88 dampers 160, and the position / time data group is stored in the moving member-specific file f included in the performance information folder.
[0051]
Next, the CPU 200 executes pedal data generation / recording processing (step S5). In this process, a position / time data group is generated for each of the three pedals 150, and the position / time data group is stored in the moving member-specific file f included in the performance information folder.
[0052]
Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not an end signal has been received from the operation unit 230 (step S6). If the determination result is negative, the CPU 200 determines whether a certain time has elapsed in the timer (step S7). If this determination result is negative, the CPU 200 continues the determination in step S7 to wait until a predetermined time has elapsed. On the other hand, if the determination result of step S7 is affirmative, the process is returned to step S2 after resetting the timer.
On the other hand, if the determination result in step S6 is affirmative, that is, if an end signal is received, the CPU 200 ends the performance information generation / recording process.
[0053]
Next, the key data generation / recording process (step S2 in FIG. 12) will be described with reference to FIG. This process is a process for individually generating position / time data groups for the 88 keys 130 and recording them in the storage unit 260.
[0054]
First, the CPU 200 sets the count value to “1” (step S21). This count value indicates the note number of the key 130 and functions as a pointer indicating which key 130 of the 88 keys 130 is being processed.
[0055]
Next, the CPU 200 digitally converts an analog position signal indicating the position of the key 130 specified from the current count value (step S22). At this time, the CPU 200 converts the analog position signal input from the key sensor 310 corresponding to the key 130 in accordance with the sampling period (lower period L and upper period H) stored in the moving member-specific file f corresponding to the key 130. The A / D converter 250K converts the digital position signal.
[0056]
Next, the CPU 200 executes normalization processing on the converted digital position signal (step S23). The normalization process is a process for absorbing individual differences between keyboard instruments. More specifically, the key pressing speed, the string striking speed, and the like are subject to individual differences due to mechanical errors of each keyboard instrument. Therefore, assuming a standard keyboard instrument, the digital position signal is converted (normalized) into a signal corresponding to the standard keyboard instrument.
[0057]
Next, the CPU 200 generates a position / time data group from the normalized digital position signal in accordance with the operation status of the key 130 of interest, and executes generation / storage processing for storing the group in the file f for each moving member. (Step S24). More specifically, the CPU 200 generates, from the normalized digital position signal, one of a fixed period array, a constant speed array, and a stop array according to the speed of the moving member, and the array is classified by moving member. Store in file f. A detailed description of this generation / recording process will be given later.
[0058]
Next, the CPU 200 increments the count value by “1” (step S25). Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the incremented count value has reached “88”, that is, whether or not the processing from step S22 to step S25 has been executed for all the keys 130 (step S26). . If the determination result is negative, the CPU 200 repeats the processing from step S22 to step S25 until the count value reaches “88”.
[0059]
On the other hand, if the determination result of step S26 is affirmative, the CPU 200 shifts the processing procedure to step S3 of the performance information generation / recording process (FIG. 12). As described above, in the key data generation / recording process, the position / time data group is generated and recorded individually for the key 130 of each note number. Therefore, according to the generated performance information folder, a user such as a performer can easily delete or replace the moving member-specific file f individually for each moving member. This makes it easier to correct performance information for each moving member as compared to performance information such as MIDI data in which performance information for each moving member is mixed.
Note that hammer data generation / recording processing (step S3 in FIG. 12), damper data generation / recording processing (step S4 in FIG. 12), and pedal data generation / recording for moving members other than the key 130 (hammer 142, damper 160 and pedal 150). In each of the recording processes (step S5), as in the key data generation / recording process, position / time data groups are generated in the order of note numbers or pedal numbers, and the position / time data groups are individually stored in files for each moving member. Store in f.
[0060]
Next, the operation of the generation / recording process (step S24 in FIG. 13) included in the key data generation / recording process will be described with reference to FIG. This generation / recording process is a process executed by paying attention to one key 130, and generates one of a fixed period array, a constant speed array, and a stop array according to the moving speed of the key 130, and moves the moving member. This is a process of storing in another file f. At the start of this process, the CPU 200 records time data indicating the elapsed time “0” in the RAM 210 in advance.
[0061]
First, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the speed of the key 130 has changed (step S241). Here, the situation where the speed is changing means a state where the acceleration is other than “0”. For this reason, the situation where the speed has not changed includes a situation where the key 130 is moving in a constant speed and a situation where the key 130 is stopped. The determination process in step S241 will be described in detail. First, the CPU 200 measures the average speed during the sampling period from the displacement of the key 130 during the immediately preceding sampling period. At this time, the CPU 200 obtains the speed of the key 130 from the time information supplied from the clock unit 240 and the digital position signal supplied from the A / D conversion unit 250K. Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the speed of the moving member has changed depending on whether or not the measured speed is different from the speed measured last time. When the previous speed does not exist, that is, when the speed is measured for the first time, the determination result in step S241 is positive.
[0062]
If the determination result in step S241 is negative, the CPU 200 increments the time data stored in the RAM 210 according to the time information supplied from the clock unit 240 (step S242). Here, the time data stored in the RAM 210 will be described. If the determination result of step S241 is affirmative, that is, if the speed of the key 130 changes, the count value of the time data is initialized by the CPU 200. For this reason, the time indicated by the time data indicates either a period during which the key 130 is continuously moving at a constant speed or a period during which the key 130 is continuously stopped.
[0063]
Next, the CPU 200 determines whether or not the speed of the key 130 is “0”, that is, whether or not the key 130 is stopped (step S243). If the determination result is affirmative, that is, if the key 130 is stopped, the CPU 200 generates a stop array and stores the stop array in the moving member-specific file f or the moving member-specific file f. The stored stop array is updated (step S244). More specifically, as shown in FIG. 15, if the stop array is not written at the end of the position / time data group included in the moving member-specific file f, that is, the end is a fixed period array or the like. If it is one of the speed arrays, the CPU 200 writes the position data and the time data to generate a new stop array. In this figure, an example is shown in which the end of the position / time data group before the execution of step S244 is a periodic array.
[0064]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16, if a stop array has already been written at the end of the position / time data group, the CPU 200 updates the time data included in the stop array. At this time, the CPU 200 overwrites the time data included in the stop array with the time data recorded in the RAM 210 incremented in step S242. Thus, even when the moving member is stopped for a long time, the situation can be expressed by only three data elements of position data, time data, and position data. Therefore, data for recording position data for each sampling period. Compared to the structure, there is no worry of increasing the amount of data. Therefore, the storage capacity of the storage unit 260 can be reduced. In other words, it is possible to record more performance information folders in the storage unit 260 having a certain storage capacity.
[0065]
On the other hand, if the determination result in step S243 is negative, that is, if the key 130 is moving at a constant speed, the CPU 200 generates a constant speed array and stores the constant speed array in the file f for each moving member. Alternatively, the constant velocity array stored in the moving member-specific file f is updated (step S245). More specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, the CPU 200 does not write a constant velocity array at the end of the position / time data group, that is, the end of the position / time data group is either a fixed period array or a stop array. If so, write velocity data and time data to generate a constant velocity array. In this figure, an example is shown in which the end of the position / time data group before the execution of step S245 is a periodic array.
[0066]
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 18, if the constant velocity array is already stored at the end of the position / time data group, the CPU 200 updates the time data included in the constant velocity array. At this time, the CPU 200 overwrites the time data included in the constant velocity array with the time data stored in the RAM 210 incremented in step S242. As a result, even if the moving member moves at a constant speed for a long time, the operation status can be expressed by only three data elements of position data, speed data, and time data. As a result, the data amount of the performance information folder is reduced. It will be reduced.
[0067]
On the other hand, if the determination result in step S241 is affirmative, that is, if the key 130 is moving while changing at a constant speed, the CPU 200 generates a periodic array after resetting the time data stored in the RAM 210. And recorded in the storage unit 260. Specifically, the CPU 200 adds position data indicating the current position of the key 130 to the end of the position / time data group included in the moving member-specific file f. Thereby, performance information indicating the position of the key 130 continuous from the rest position to the end position is recorded.
[0068]
As described above, in the generation / recording process, any one of the fixed period array, the constant speed array, and the stop array is generated and recorded according to the moving speed of the moving member. This makes it possible to generate performance information that can express subtle nuances while reducing the amount of data.
Each of the hammer data generation / recording process (step S2 in FIG. 12), the damper data generation / recording process (step S3) and the pedal data generation / recording process (step S4) includes the generation / recording process. However, since these generation / recording processes are the same as the generation / recording process (FIG. 14) related to the key 130, description thereof will be omitted.
[0069]
As described above, according to the keyboard instrument 100 in the present embodiment, the position of the moving member can be detected with the accuracy of the shortest 0.001 mm, and the position / time data group can be generated with the sampling period of the shortest 0.001 mS. it can. As a result, the operation status of each moving member can be grasped in detail and faithfully, and performance information reflecting the player's personality, performance, etc. can be generated as compared with MIDI data or the like. Since it has such an advantage, the following examples can be considered as a method of using the keyboard instrument 100.
[0070]
For example, a performance operation by a famous player may be recorded on the keyboard instrument 100. As a result, it is possible to reproduce a performance operation performed by the performer in an automatic performance keyboard instrument or the like, and to leave the performance operation as a cultural heritage in future generations.
[0071]
In addition, since accurate performance information can be generated, instruction efficiency can be improved by using the keyboard instrument 100 for performance instruction. More specifically, if the performance operation of the student is recorded by the keyboard instrument 100, the instructor can evaluate the performance technique such as the student's expression method, weakness, and habit using the recorded performance information. On the other hand, if the performance operation of the instructor is recorded, the student can use the recorded performance information as a sample of performance practice. Also, according to the keyboard instrument 100, performance information is recorded for each moving member. For this reason, an instructor or a student can refer to performance evaluation or performance reference by paying attention to a specific moving member (such as the key 130 or the pedal 150).
[0072]
Moreover, in the performance information generation / recording process, the position (position / time data group) of the moving member defined in time series is generated as performance information. For this reason, compared with event-format MIDI data with complicated specifications, processing for converting performance operations into event data is not required, and normalization processing is also simplified. This simplifies the processing and configuration relating to the generation of performance information. Further, even when the performance information recorded by the keyboard instrument 100 is reproduced by an automatic performance instrument or the like, it is only necessary to drive the moving member according to the position / time data group. This eliminates the need for data conversion processing from event data to data for driving the moving member and timing control for driving the moving member in accordance with the event data during playback, and the processing and configuration for playing back performance information Becomes simple.
[0073]
In addition, in the generation / recording process, any one of a periodic array, a constant speed array, and a stop array is selected according to the speed of the moving member, and a position / time data group is generated. For this reason, when the moving member is moving at a constant speed and stopped, the operation state can be represented by only three data elements. In general, even during a performance, many moving members have a long stop period. Therefore, by generating performance information using a stop arrangement, it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of performance information.
[0074]
In the performance information generation / recording process, the performance operation is recorded for each moving member when recording the performance operation of one piece of music. For this reason, it is possible to easily perform correction work such as deletion or replacement of performance mistakes for each moving member and editing work such as addition or movement of performance information for each moving member for the recorded performance information. As a result, information on each moving member is mixed, and correction work and editing work are simplified compared to MIDI data that requires time detection between the same operator events and event sequence detection.
In the above-described embodiment, an example in which operation information (position / time data group) for one moving member is stored for each file is shown. However, even for a single file, the operation information is separately stored. The same effect can be obtained if they are recorded independently. In short, any method may be used as long as the operation information can be recorded for each moving member.
[0075]
Furthermore, all or part of the performance information recorded in the keyboard instrument 100 can be converted into event data. At this time, it is also possible to convert the event data into highly accurate event data in which a plurality of velocities can be set. This makes it possible to convert a special performance style into event data accurately. Further, even a musical piece having a long performance time can be temporarily recorded as a performance information folder and converted into event data by dividing the performance information folder at another time.
[0076]
Further, according to the keyboard instrument 100, the positions of moving members such as the hammer 142 and the damper 160 can be accurately recorded. As a result, the characteristics of the keyboard instrument 100 can be grasped, and the performance information folder can be used as a judgment material for deterioration or failure of the moving member due to secular change.
[0077]
<Modification>
It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various applications / improvements can be added.
For example, in the above-described embodiment, the example in which the performance information (position / time data group) generated in the keyboard instrument 100 is stored in the storage unit 260 has been described, but the configuration is such that the performance information is output to an external device. Also good. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 19, the electrical configuration of the keyboard instrument 100 may include an external interface 270 instead of the storage unit 260 described above. The external interface 270 is an interface for outputting the position / time data group generated by the CPU 200 to an external device. As an external device connected to the external interface 270, an automatic musical instrument that performs automatically in real time according to a position / time data group, a personal computer that can process / edit the position / time data group, and the like are conceivable.
[0078]
In such a configuration, the CPU 200 outputs the position / time data group via the external interface 270 instead of recording the position / time data group in the storage unit 260 in the above-described generation / recording process (see FIG. 14). At this time, in steps S244 and S245 of the generation / recording process, it is not possible to execute the process of updating (overwriting) the constant velocity array and the stop array already output to the external device. Therefore, when outputting the constant velocity array and the stop array via the external interface 270, the following procedure is followed.
[0079]
That is, regarding the output of the constant velocity array, if the CPU 200 records and updates the constant velocity array in the RAM 210 when the moving member is operating at a constant speed, and determines that the constant velocity array is not constant in step S241, the RAM 210 Is output from the external interface 270. Similarly, regarding the output of the stop arrangement, the CPU 200 records and updates the stop arrangement in the RAM 210 when the moving member is stopped, and via the external interface 270 when the moving member starts moving. Output a stop sequence.
[0080]
Further, the following processing may be applied as an alternative processing related to the output of the constant velocity array. That is, first, the CPU 200 outputs only the position data and the velocity data among the data elements of the constant velocity array when the start of the constant velocity motion is detected, and the remaining data elements when the end of the constant velocity motion is detected. Output time data. With such a process, the speed information is output with the start of the constant velocity motion, so that the position / time data group can be reproduced in real time on the external device.
[0081]
In an external device (for example, a personal computer) to which a position / time data group is transmitted from the keyboard instrument 100, various processes can be executed using the position / time data group. For example, a waveform indicating the time-series position of the moving member can be displayed on the display device of the external device. At this time, since the position / time data group is continuous with respect to each of the time and the position, only the process of plotting the positions in the data storage order is required. In addition, various processing related to the position / time data group by the spreadsheet application can be easily performed.
[0082]
Furthermore, according to the keyboard instrument 100, since any one of the fixed period array, the constant speed array, and the stop array is selected according to the speed of the moving member, the data amount of the position / time data group indicating the performance information is reduced. Thus, network traffic connecting the keyboard instrument 100 and the external device is suppressed.
[0083]
Further, in the above-described embodiment, the state in which the moving member is moving at a constant velocity is indicated by a constant velocity arrangement, and the state in which the moving member is stopped is indicated by a stop arrangement. For example, it is good also as a structure which expresses both states by either a constant velocity arrangement | sequence or a stop arrangement | sequence. More specifically, when a stop sequence consisting of position data, time data, and position data is used to indicate a situation in which constant speed movement is performed, information indicating the start position of constant speed movement is included in the head position data. Information indicating the period of constant velocity exercise may be stored in the time data, and information indicating the end position of constant velocity exercise may be stored in the tail position data.
On the other hand, when the stop state is indicated by a constant speed arrangement including the order of position data, speed data, and time data, information indicating the stop position is stored in the position data. Information indicating “0” may be stored, and information indicating stop time may be stored in the time data.
In addition, the number of data elements in the array representing a state in which the speed of the moving member has not changed (the moving member is moving at a constant speed or stopped) is not limited to three: position data, time data, and speed data. . For example, data that can specify a period in which the speed does not change and a displacement in the period by combining as data elements such as difference data representing the displacement of the moving member in a period in which the speed does not change. For example, the data elements can be arbitrarily arranged to represent a state in which the speed of the moving member is not changed.
[0084]
In the above-described embodiment, the sensor (for example, the key sensor 310) and the electrical configuration (see FIGS. 7 and 9) for generating performance information are built in the keyboard instrument 100. Each configuration related to generation may be a configuration separate from the keyboard instrument 100. Thereby, even a keyboard instrument that does not have a function of generating performance information can create performance information (position / time data) representing the detailed operation of the moving member. For example, it is possible to create performance information for a keyboard instrument having an antique or historical value.
[0085]
In the above-described embodiment, the example in which the light reflection sensor that detects the distance by light is used as the sensor that detects the position of each moving member has been described. For example, the present invention can be arbitrarily applied to any detection means that can continuously detect the position of each detected object, such as a magnetic sensor that magnetically detects a distance. Further, instead of the sensor for detecting the position of each moving member, a sensor for detecting a physical quantity related to the movement of the moving member such as the speed and acceleration of each moving member is provided, and the position of each moving member is obtained from the detected physical quantity. Also good.
[0086]
In the embodiment described above, an example in which all performance operations relating to one piece of music are recorded as a position / time data group has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a part of the performance operation (such as a performance operation related to a specific moving member) may be recorded as a position / time data group, and other performance operations may be recorded as performance information in an event format.
[0087]
In the above-described embodiment, an example in which one sampling period is taken for one moving member-specific file f is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, when the hammer 142 is positioned in the vicinity of the string-striking position, when the key 130 is positioned in the vicinity of changing the direction (swinging angle) at the time of bottom continuous striking, or when the pedal 150 is positioned in the vicinity of the half pedal area, etc. The configuration may be such that the sampling period when the moving member is located in an area important as performance information is shorter than the sampling period in other areas. Further, when the key 130 is at the rest position, the sampling cycle may be lengthened. As a result, performance information that expresses the operation status in detail can be generated for important parts in the performance operation while suppressing the amount of data and the amount of processing. Furthermore, even in the middle of the music, the sampling cycle may be changed according to the performer, the movement status (for example, whether or not the music is stopped), and the like.
When the sampling period is changed, the operation information can be represented by an array including position data, time data, and position data, similar to the stop array. In this arrangement, the position indicated by the head position data is moved to the position indicated by the tail position data after the time indicated by the time data (sampling period after change) has elapsed.
[0088]
In the above-described embodiment, when recording the position / time data, the data element is added to the storage unit 260 while the sampling period elapses. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the RAM 210 may be configured to generate and update a position / time data group during a performance and write it together in the storage unit 260 when the performance ends.
[0089]
In the embodiment described above, an example in which the performance information folder is recorded in the storage unit 260 has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the keyboard instrument 100 includes a data recording / reproducing device that reads / writes data from / to a recording medium such as a flexible disk or an optical disk, and the performance information folder is recorded on the recording medium via the data recording / reproducing apparatus. Also good. This makes it possible to exchange data with an external device such as a personal computer.
[0090]
In addition to the configuration of the keyboard instrument 100 in the above-described embodiment, the configuration may further include a display device such as a liquid crystal display. With this configuration, it is possible to display the position / time data group on the display device and visually display performance information.
[0091]
In the above-described embodiment, the example of generating the position / time data group of the key 130, the hammer 142, the pedal 150, and the damper 160 has been described. However, if the moving member is provided on the keyboard instrument and moves in accordance with the operation of the performer (operator), the operation state of the moving member can be generated as performance information.
[0092]
In the above-described embodiment, the performance information is generated by the fixed period arrangement only when the speed of the moving member is changed. Furthermore, when the moving member is moving at a constant speed, the performance information is generated by the fixed period arrangement. Information may be generated.
[0093]
【The invention's effect】
  As described above, according to the present invention, detailed performance information can be easily generated while suppressing the amount of data.PerformanceA performance information recording apparatus and a keyboard instrument are provided.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a mechanical configuration of a keyboard instrument according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of keys and key sensors of the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of the key sensor.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the same key and its peripheral configuration.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a hammer of the keyboard instrument and its peripheral configuration.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a damper of the keyboard instrument and its peripheral configuration.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an electrical configuration of the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a configuration of a file by moving member stored in the storage unit of the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a format of a data element included in the moving member-specific file.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a format of the data element.
FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an operation state of a moving member.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining performance information generation / recording processing executed in the keyboard instrument.
FIG. 13 is a flowchart for explaining key data generation / recording processing included in the performance information generation / recording processing;
FIG. 14 is a flowchart for explaining generation / recording processing included in the key data generation / recording processing;
FIG. 15 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process;
FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process;
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process;
FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the generation / recording process;
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing an electrical configuration of a keyboard instrument according to a modification of the embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 ... Keyboard instrument, 110 ... Shelf board, 120 ... Saddle, 130 ... Key, 135, 145, 155, 165 ... Detected member, 140 ... Action mechanism, 150 ... Pedal, 142 ... Hammer, S ... String, 200 ... CPU, 210 ... RAM, 220 ... ROM, 230 ... operation part, 240 ... clock part, 250K, 250H, 250P, 250D ... A / D conversion part, 260 ... storage part, 270 ... external interface, 300,400,500, 600: support member, 310: key sensor, 410: hammer sensor, 510: pedal sensor, 610: damper sensor.

Claims (3)

A detection unit that is provided in a keyboard instrument and that moves in response to an operation of an operator, and continuously detects the position of the moving member from the rest position to the end position as a physical quantity related to the movement;
Physical quantity information generating means for generating position data representing the position of the moving member as physical quantity information based on the position of the moving member that is the physical quantity detected by the detecting means;
Based on the moving speed of the moving member obtained from the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, it is determined whether the moving member is stopped, moving at a constant speed, or moving while changing the speed. Determination means to perform,
Recording means;
The movement member is represented by a time-series information arrangement, and performance information generating means for recording the arranged information as performance information in the recording means,
The performance information generating means includes
Wherein when the movable member is determined to be moving with speed variation by determination means arranged in time series the position data is a physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generation means for each a certain time Recorded in the recording means in a first arrangement,
Wherein when the movable member is determined to be stopped by the determining means, said position data is a physical quantity information generated by the physics amount information generating means, to stop the moving member continuously Recording in a second array in which time data indicating a certain period is arranged in order ,
Wherein when the movable member is determined to be a uniform motion by determining means start of the physics amount information generation means to a said position data is a physical quantity information generated by the constant velocity movement position data representing the position, and speed data representing the moving speed of the moving member, and recorded in the third array arranged time and data in the order indicating the time period in which the moving member is moving at a constant rate continuously ,
Furthermore, when the last of the information array in the recording means is recorded in the second array, the second of the last is determined according to the elapsed time from the stop of the moving member. The time data recorded in the array is updated, and when the last of the information array in the recording means is recorded in the third array, the moving member has started the constant velocity motion. The performance information recording apparatus, wherein the time data recorded in the third array at the end is updated according to the elapsed time. The keyboard instrument is provided with a plurality of moving members,
In correspondence with each moving member individually, including a plurality of sets of detection means, physical quantity information generation means, determination means, and performance information generation means,
The performance information recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the performance information is recorded in the recording unit for each moving member. Detecting means for continuously detecting the position of the moving member from the rest position to the end position as a physical quantity related to the movement of the moving member that moves according to the operation of the operator;
Physical quantity information generating means for generating position data representing the position of the moving member as physical quantity information based on the position of the moving member that is the physical quantity detected by the detecting means;
Based on the moving speed of the moving member obtained from the physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generating means, it is determined whether the moving member is stopped, moving at a constant speed, or moving while changing the speed. Determination means to perform,
Recording means;
The movement member is represented by a time-series information arrangement, and performance information generating means for recording the arranged information as performance information in the recording means,
The performance information generating means includes
Wherein when the movable member is determined to be moving with speed variation by determination means arranged in time series the position data is a physical quantity information generated by the physical quantity information generation means for each a certain time Recorded in the recording means in a first arrangement,
Wherein when the movable member is determined to be stopped by the determining means, said position data is a physical quantity information generated by the physics amount information generating means, to stop the moving member continuously Recording in a second array in which time data indicating a certain period is arranged in order ,
Wherein when the movable member is determined to be a uniform motion by determining means start of the physics amount information generation means to a said position data is a physical quantity information generated by the constant velocity movement position data representing the position, and speed data representing the moving speed of the moving member, and recorded in the third array arranged time and data in the order indicating the time period in which the moving member is moving at a constant rate continuously ,
Furthermore, when the last of the information array in the recording means is recorded in the second array, the second of the last is determined according to the elapsed time from the stop of the moving member. When the time data recorded in the array is updated, and the last of the information array in the recording means is recorded in the third array, the time since the moving member started the constant velocity motion According to the elapsed time, the time data recorded in the last third array is updated.

Images