JP4139766B2 - How to modify the waste treatment system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an emission treatment system, an emission treatment method, and a method for modifying an emission treatment system.

  At present, eutrophication of public water areas such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and inner bays has progressed, and the occurrence of blue sea urchins and red tides has become a serious problem. In order to suppress this eutrophication, advanced treatment of domestic wastewater that accounts for nearly 50-70% of the pollution load of public water bodies is indispensable. Here, domestic wastewater is a combination of human waste and household wastewater such as kitchen wastewater and bath wastewater other than human waste.

  By the way, it is said that more than 7 million single treatment septic tanks are currently installed in Japan. This single treatment septic tank purifies only the internal urine of domestic wastewater. Therefore, household wastewater with a single treatment septic tank is spilled into the public water area, and a large amount of pollutant load flows out from the single treatment septic tank that treats human waste. For this reason, there is an urgent need to convert such a waste treatment system using a single treatment septic tank to a new waste treatment system capable of advanced treatment of domestic wastewater.

  A system using a combined treatment septic tank that treats human waste and domestic wastewater together is known as an waste treatment system that replaces such a single treatment septic tank.

  However, the cost for converting a single treatment septic tank to a combined treatment septic tank is very high, and the concentration of BOD, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. of treated water from the merged treatment septic tank is not sufficiently reduced.

  In addition, the treatment method using a single treatment septic tank or a combined treatment septic tank is a method that presupposes diluting biomass, such as human waste, that can be recycled, by rinsing with water, and consumes a large amount of water resources. As the treatment load increases, wastewater treatment costs also increase.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an waste treatment system, an waste treatment method, and a waste treatment system that can treat human waste and household wastewater at a low cost and with a sufficiently reduced load on the environment. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for remodeling the waste treatment system for realizing the waste treatment system.

The waste treatment system according to the present invention is an waste treatment system for treating human waste and domestic wastewater, which mixes and stirs human waste with a porous material, and makes the domestic wastewater contact with soil. A domestic wastewater treatment device, and the domestic wastewater treatment device has a soil layer inside, a container in which daily wastewater is supplied to the upper part of the soil layer, and drains the treated water from the container. it allows exposure to always air upper layer of the soil, and that Yusuke means for regulating the water level in the container so that the bottom layer of the soil is immersed in the life gray water constantly, the.

Moreover, the waste treatment method according to the present invention is an waste treatment method for treating human waste and domestic wastewater, wherein the human waste is mixed with a porous material and agitated, and the daily wastewater is treated with soil. A domestic wastewater treatment process to be brought into contact with the household wastewater treatment process by supplying domestic wastewater to the upper part of the soil layer formed in the container and discharging the treated water from the container. , exposed to constant air upper layer of the soil, and that Yusuke and adjusting the water level in the container so that the bottom layer of the soil is immersed in the life gray water constantly, the.

  In addition, the method for remodeling the waste treatment system according to the present invention is to discharge wastewater generated in a flush toilet containing urine in a single treatment septic tank, while discharging wastewater without treatment in a septic tank. This is a modification method of the treatment system, including a supply line installation process for providing a supply line that leads domestic wastewater into a single treatment septic tank, a single treatment septic tank modification process for introducing soil into the single treatment septic tank, and a flush toilet. And a flush toilet replacement step for exchanging with a urine treatment device.

  According to these inventions, in the human waste processing apparatus and human waste processing step, human waste is mixed with a porous material and stirred to cause dehydration and drying of human waste and fermentation / decomposition of human waste by microorganisms. Can be composted. For this reason, the compost | manure obtained in this way can be disperse | distributed to a green farmland etc., and components, such as carbon, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus which originate in human waste, can be recycled as a solid substance in soil. In other words, organic matter derived from human waste, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are hardly discharged into the waste water.

  Further, in the daily wastewater treatment apparatus and the daily wastewater treatment method, it is possible to sufficiently remove suspended substances, organic substances, phosphorus, nitrogen and the like from the daily wastewater by bringing the daily wastewater into contact with the soil. At this time, unlike the case of using the combined treatment septic tank, human waste is not mixed with domestic wastewater, so that the processing load of the daily wastewater treatment apparatus for treating domestic wastewater does not increase so much. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the size of the household wastewater treatment device, and the initial cost of installing the household wastewater treatment device is sufficiently low. In addition, the organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus contained in the treated water are discharged. Etc. can be made sufficiently lower than the drainage when using a single treatment septic tank or the drainage when using a combined treatment septic tank.

  In particular, when replacing an existing single-treatment septic tank that treats only human waste with a combined treatment septic tank that treats human waste and household wastewater, the volume of the water to be treated and the load increase, so the volume of the combined treatment septic tank is reduced to a single-treatment septic tank. It becomes inevitable that the size is larger than the volume. Therefore, the cost is very high, which is one of the reasons why it is difficult to replace the single processing septic tank with the combined processing septic tank.

  However, in the present invention, the daily wastewater treatment apparatus does not process human waste, and therefore the volume of the daily wastewater treatment apparatus is often sufficient to be equal to or less than the volume of the existing single treatment septic tank. Therefore, as in the remodeling method of the present invention, the existing single-treatment septic tank is remodeled, that is, the soil is put into the existing single-treatment septic tank, and the domestic wastewater is supplied to this soil. By doing so, the waste treatment system of the present invention can be realized without newly installing a tank larger than the existing single treatment purification tank. Therefore, the conversion from the waste treatment system using the single treatment septic tank to the waste treatment system for advanced treatment of both human waste and household wastewater is possible at a very low cost.

  Here, it is preferable that the daily wastewater treatment apparatus has a soil layer and distributes the daily wastewater to the soil layer in a direction crossing the thickness direction of the soil layer.

  In the daily wastewater treatment process, it is preferable to distribute the daily wastewater to the soil layer in a direction crossing the thickness direction of the soil layer.

  In addition, in the single treatment septic tank remodeling process, a soil layer is formed in the single treatment septic tank, so that miscellaneous wastewater from the supply line flows to the soil layer in a direction intersecting the thickness direction of the soil layer. It is preferable to configure a flow path for household wastewater.

  According to these, the soil and the domestic wastewater can be contacted sufficiently efficiently while making the soil layer thin enough to eliminate the need for aeration.

  In addition, the household wastewater treatment apparatus has a plurality of soil layers in the vertical direction, and in order from the topmost soil layer, the domestic wastewater is crossed with the thickness direction of the soil layer with respect to each soil layer. It is preferable to circulate.

  Further, in the domestic wastewater treatment process, with respect to the soil layer arranged in a plurality of stages in the vertical direction, the domestic wastewater is disposed in the thickness direction of the soil layer with respect to each soil layer in order from the uppermost soil layer. It is preferable to distribute in the intersecting direction.

  Also, in the single treatment septic tank remodeling process, multiple layers of soil are formed in the vertical direction, and the wastewater from the supply line is in order of the thickness of the soil layer with respect to each soil layer in order from the topmost soil layer. It is preferable to configure the flow path for domestic wastewater so as to circulate in a direction crossing the direction.

  According to these, miscellaneous wastewater flows through the layers of each soil in turn and comes into contact with the soil for a sufficiently long distance. Therefore, a compact processing apparatus having sufficient processing capability is realized.

  At this time, in the daily wastewater treatment apparatus and the daily wastewater treatment process, it is preferable that the bottom surface of the soil layer is an inclined surface that descends along the distribution direction of the daily wastewater.

  In the single treatment septic tank remodeling step, it is preferable that the bottom surface of the soil layer is an inclined surface that descends along the distribution direction of domestic wastewater.

  By these, the drainage property in each soil layer increases, so that daily wastewater flows easily and clogging is difficult.

  The household wastewater treatment apparatus has a container in which a layer of soil is formed. After supplying the household wastewater into the container and immersing the soil layer in the household wastewater for a predetermined time, the household wastewater treatment apparatus The drainage may be discharged.

  In addition, in the domestic wastewater treatment process, after the domestic wastewater is supplied into the container in which the soil layer is formed and the soil layer is immersed in the daily wastewater for a predetermined time, the domestic wastewater is discharged from the container. Good.

  In addition, in the single processing septic tank remodeling process, a layer of soil is formed in the single processing septic tank, and the soil layer can be immersed in domestic wastewater from the supply line, and the soaked domestic wastewater can be discharged from the single processing septic tank. Moreover, you may comprise the flow path of domestic wastewater.

  According to these, the pollutant load in a domestic wastewater reduces by a domestic wastewater being immersed in the soil in the container and the single processing septic tank after remodeling. Then, when the treated household wastewater is discharged, the soil is exposed to air. Therefore, by repeating this operation, it is possible to suitably treat household wastewater with a simple structure and operation without using an aeration apparatus or the like.

  In addition, in the daily wastewater treatment equipment, the daily wastewater treatment process, and the single treatment septic tank remodeling process, if aggregated soil such as baked red crust, kanuma earth, zeolite, pumice, and black earth is used as soil, Because it is easy to circulate household wastewater, clogging is less likely to occur and maintenance costs can be reduced.

  Here, the aggregate means a high-order soil particle aggregate composed of clay, sand, silt, organic matter and the like. The soil with aggregate structure is rich in pores and has high water permeability and air permeability.

  In addition, in the human waste processing apparatus, human waste processing step, and flush toilet replacement step, it is preferable to use an organic porous material mainly made of an organic material such as sawdust, coconut shell, rice husk etc. as the porous material.

  In this case, since such a porous material itself is composted, it is suitable for spraying the residue of the human waste processing apparatus as compost to a green farmland or the like. Among these, it is preferable to use sawdust having a very high ability as a carrier for fermentation decomposition of human waste as the porous material.

  Further, in the human waste processing apparatus and the human waste processing step, raw garbage may be input, and the raw garbage also undergoes fermentation and decomposition by mixing and stirring with the porous material, so that the raw garbage can be humified and composted.

  According to the present invention, human waste and household wastewater can be treated at a low cost and with a sufficiently reduced environmental load.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the toilet apparatus of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

(First embodiment)
1st Embodiment of the waste treatment system which concerns on this invention is described with reference to FIGS.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the waste treatment system 100 according to the present embodiment treats human waste 16 and household wastewater 18 generated in a house 2 where a person 1 lives. A toilet device (human waste treatment device) 20 to be converted into a household wastewater treatment device 50 for treating domestic wastewater 18.

  Here, the domestic wastewater 18 is the wastewater except for the human waste 16.

  The toilet device 20 is installed in the toilet 4. The toilet device 20 generates the compost 19 by mixing and stirring the urine 16 and the sawdust 30a together with the feces 11 and the urine 12. The generated compost 19 is sprayed on the kitchen garden 3 or the like as appropriate.

  On the other hand, the household wastewater treatment device 50 is buried in the ground near the house 2, and the household wastewater 18 that combines the drainage 13 from the bathtub 5 a of the bathroom 5 and the drainage 14 from the sink 6 a of the kitchen 6. Is received through the line 8 and brought into contact with the soil layers 101, 102, 103, 104, and the treated liquid is discharged through the line 9 into the drain 90.

  Next, the toilet device 20 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The toilet apparatus 20 is for a porous material in which a toilet 4a, a container 24 communicating with the toilet 4a, a screw 26 provided in the container 24, a motor 28 for rotating the screw 26, and a porous material 30a such as sawdust are stored. A container 30, a fan 32 that sucks gas in the container 24, and a control device 36 that controls the toilet device 20 are mainly provided. This toilet device 20 is also called a biotoilet, and is a non-flush toilet that does not add water when treating human waste.

  The toilet 4a receives feces 11 and urine 12 excreted by a person and supplies them to a container 24 connected below.

  The container 24 is a plastic or metal container that receives the feces 11 and the urine 12 supplied from the toilet 4a. A screw 26 that rotates about a horizontal axis by a motor 28 provided outside the container 24 is provided in the container 24, and the contents 24 b in the container 24 are agitated.

  The container 24 is provided with an openable / closable lid 24a so that the inside of the container 24 can be inspected and the compost 19 and the like can be taken out from the inside as needed.

  The porous material container 30 stores a porous material 30a. Here, the porous material 30a is not particularly limited as long as it is a porous material, and an organic porous material such as sawdust, rice husk and coconut shell, and an inorganic porous material such as activated carbon and zeolite can be used. In particular, considering that the compost after the treatment is sprayed on the green farmland, an organic porous material that can be corroded and composted is preferable, and in particular, it is more preferable to use sawdust having high decomposition efficiency of human waste.

  The porous material container 30 is connected to the container 24 via a powder supply valve 34, and a predetermined amount of the porous material 30 a can be supplied into the container 24.

  The fan 32 sucks a certain amount of air in the container 24 and discharges it to the outside. The exhaust from the fan 32 is discharged outside the house 2 in FIG.

  The control device 36 is a computer having a so-called CPU. The control device 36 is connected to a fan 32, a powder supply valve 34 for the porous material 30a, and a motor 28. For example, the fan 32, powder, The driving of the body supply valve 34 and the motor 28 is controlled to discharge odor, supply the porous material 30a into the container 24, and agitate the contents 24b of the container 24.

  Here, the contents 24 b of the container 24 include the porous material 30 a supplied from the porous material container 30 in addition to the feces 11 and the urine 12.

  Next, the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 50 will be described with reference to FIG.

  The miscellaneous wastewater treatment apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment is a so-called sloping soil tank type. This household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 includes a rectangular parallelepiped container 52. In the container 52, a plate-shaped separation wall 53 is provided that is arranged vertically and whose lower end is spaced a predetermined distance from the bottom surface of the container 52.

  The separation wall 53 divides the inside of the container 52 into a soil layer portion 55 a on the left side of the separation wall 53 and a discharge line portion 55 b on the right side of the separation wall 53 in the drawing.

  The soil layer portion 55a is partitioned into a plurality of regions 71 to 74 in the vertical direction by a plurality of separating plates 61 to 64 extending horizontally. Here, the separation plates are 61, 62, 63, 64 from the top, the region 71 is above the separation plate 61, the region 72 is between the separation plate 61 and the separation plate 62, and the region 72 is between the separation plate 62 and the separation plate 63. Is a region 73, and a region 74 is defined between the separation plate 63 and the separation plate 64. The heights of the regions 71 to 74 are substantially equal.

  In the separation plates 61 to 64, drainage ports 81, 82, 83, and 84, which are through holes for discharging water existing in the respective regions 71 to 74 toward the region immediately below, are formed. Here, the drain ports 81 to 84 are alternately provided at one end or the other end of the separation plates 61 to 64. Specifically, the drain ports 81 and 83 are provided on one end side (the right end side in the figure) of the separation plates 61 and 63, respectively, while the drain ports 82 and 84 are on the other end side of the separation plates 62 and 64 ( It is formed on the left end side in the figure. Here, specific shapes of the drain ports 81 to 84 include, for example, slits, meshes, perforated plates, and the like.

  The surfaces of the separation plates 61 to 64 are inclined surfaces 61a, 62a, 63a, and 64a that descend toward the drain ports 81 to 84, respectively.

  On each inclined surface 61a-64a of each separation plate 61-64, it protrudes upwards and is in a horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction of inclination of the inclined surfaces 61a, 62a, 63a, 64a (a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 3). The three water-impervious plates 56 extending in the direction are separated from each other in the inclination direction.

  And in each area | region 71-74, soil is deposited on the separation plates 61-64, ie, the inclined surfaces 61a-64a and the drain outlets 81-84, and the soil layers 101, 102, 103, 104 are formed. ing.

  Although the soil in this soil layer 101-104 is not specifically limited, It is preferable to use aggregated soil, for example, it is preferable to use aggregated soil, such as a baked red ball soil, Kanuma soil, a zeolite, pumice, and a black soil, as a filter medium. it can. When these aggregated soils are used, daily wastewater easily flows through the soil, so that clogging is less likely to occur and maintenance costs can be reduced. The particle diameter of the aggregate soil is, for example, 1 to 10 mm. Moreover, it is preferable that animals that prey on organic matter in the soil, such as earthworms, inhabit such soil, thereby further preventing clogging.

  On the other hand, at the bottom of the container 52, a pump 68 for pumping up the treated water 76 collected at the bottom of the container 52 and a water level sensor 69 for controlling the driving of the pump 68 are provided. The water level sensor 69 drives the pump 68 when the water level in the container 52 exceeds a predetermined water level below the lowermost separation plate 64. The pump 68 draws the treated water into the drainage groove 90 via the line 9.

  The line 8 that receives the household wastewater 18 is opened at a position facing the left side of the ceiling of the container 52, that is, the other end side of the separation plate 61. Above, description of the structure of the waste treatment system 1000 which concerns on this embodiment is complete | finished.

  Here, although such an exhaust treatment system 1000 can be newly established, it is possible to further reduce the cost by remodeling the exhaust treatment system 1000 having an existing single treatment septic tank as shown in FIG. The above-described waste treatment system 100 can be obtained.

  Here, in the existing waste treatment system 1000, the single treatment septic tank 1050 receives the sewage 16 including the flush water from the flush toilet 1004 of the toilet 4 via the line 1020, and the treated water from the single treatment septic tank 1050 is received. Is discharged into the drainage groove 90 via the line 1007. Such an independent treatment septic tank 1050 usually has an anaerobic filter bed 1052, an aerobic filter bed 1054, and a sedimentation section 1056 in order from the upstream side. Further, household wastewater 18 is discharged as it is from the drainage groove 90 without passing through the septic tank.

  When remodeling such an exhaust treatment system 1000, the container of the single treatment septic tank 105 is used as it is as the container 52 of the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 described above. Specifically, after removing an internal structure such as a partition wall in the single treatment purification tank 1050, the separation wall 53, the separation plates 61 to 64, the soil layers 101 to 104, etc. are formed in the single treatment purification tank 105. That's fine.

  Next, the operation of such an emission processing system 100 will be described.

  When the person 1 lives in the house 2, human waste 16 is generated in the toilet 4, and household wastewater 18 is generated in the bathroom 5 and the kitchen 6.

  Then, human waste 16 enters the container 24 of the toilet device 20 from the toilet 4a. Here, the porous material 30a is introduced into the container 24 from the porous material container 30 through the powder supply valve 34 in advance or appropriately during use. Then, when the screw 26 is operated, the human urine 16 and the porous material 30a are stirred and mixed in the container 24.

  As a result, the water in the human waste 16 is appropriately absorbed by the porous material 30a, and aerobic bacteria are efficiently propagated by using the porous material 30a as a carrier. Therefore, the human waste 16 is fermented and decomposed to become a humic organic substance having a reduced odor and a reduced volume and weight.

  Here, in the container 24, the human waste 16 and the fermentation / decomposition product thereof are sterilized because they are placed in a low moisture state for a predetermined period and are heated to about 60 ° C. or higher during fermentation. It becomes. Further, since a considerable portion of the odor gas such as ammonia generated from the human waste 16 is adsorbed by the porous material 30a and discharged to the outside by the fan 32, there is almost no unpleasant smell. Since the water in the container 24 is discharged as water vapor by the fan 32, the dehydration of human waste proceeds more efficiently.

  In addition, when an organic porous material such as sawdust is used as the porous material 30a, the organic porous material itself is humified and composted by decomposition and fermentation. Then, the compost accumulated in the container 52 in this manner is discharged as appropriate, and can be applied to the kitchen garden 3 or the like as a suitable organic fertilizer. From such compost, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like are hardly dissolved.

  On the other hand, the household wastewater 18 is supplied to the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 via the line 8. The daily wastewater 18 supplied from the line 8 first comes into contact with the soil while flowing down in the soil layer 101 in the region 71 in the direction indicated by the arrow, that is, in the direction intersecting the thickness direction of the soil layer 101, and then drained. The soil layer 102 in the region 72 is dropped from the mouth 81 to the region 72 and flows down in the direction of the arrow shown in the figure. Subsequently, the drain port 82, the soil layer 103, the drain port 83, the soil layer 104, and the drain port 84 are similarly removed. And reaches the bottom of the container 52 to be stored.

  At this time, the daily wastewater 18 is purified by being subjected to decomposition of organic matter, nitrification, denitrification, adsorption of phosphorus, and filtration of suspended substances by microorganisms in the soil as it flows through each of the soil layers 101 to 104. As a result, treated water 76 with low BOD, low nitrogen, low phosphorus, and low SS is obtained. When a predetermined amount of such treated water 76 accumulates at the bottom of the container 52, it is pumped up by the pump 68 and discharged into the drainage groove 90.

  Here, the daily wastewater 18 is circulated and brought into contact with the soil layers 101 to 104 in a direction crossing the layer thickness, so that the soil layers 101 to 104 are removed to the extent that there is no need for aeration. Even if the thickness is reduced, the soil and the daily wastewater 18 can be contacted with sufficient efficiency. In order to keep most of the soil in an aerobic atmosphere without aeration, the thickness of the soil layer 101 is preferably set to 10 mm to 100 mm, for example.

  Furthermore, since such soil layers 101-104 are formed in multiple stages up and down, the daily wastewater 18 flows through each soil layer 101-104 in order and contacts the soil for a sufficiently long distance. Therefore, the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 having a compact and sufficient treatment capacity is realized.

  Moreover, since the bottom face of each soil layer 101-104 is made into the inclined surfaces 61a-64a, the flow of the domestic waste water 18 is made smooth, and clogging is hard to produce. Moreover, since each of the separation plates 61 to 64 has the water shielding plate 56, it is possible to prevent the miscellaneous drainage 18 from drifting, and an anaerobic region is formed at the bottom of the soil layers 101 to 104, so Reduction can be performed reliably.

  Thus, according to the waste treatment system 100 according to the present embodiment, first, in the toilet apparatus 20, the human waste 16 is composted by mixing and stirring the human waste 16 with the porous material 30a. For this reason, the compost | manure obtained in this way can be disperse | distributed to a green farmland etc. Therefore, it is possible to recycle organic matter derived from human waste, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. in the soil in a solid state without almost releasing nitrogen, phosphorus, etc. derived from human waste into the water. As a result, an epoch-making effect is achieved in that urine can be recycled as a main cause of contamination of the water area by being treated as waste and further diluted with water. Here, garbage may be thrown into the toilet apparatus 20, and in this case, compost is generated in the same manner. Thus, by composting human waste and garbage, the accumulation of human waste and garbage is reduced to about 1/5. In addition, since water is not washed, water can be saved. For example, compared to using a flush toilet, the total amount of household water used can be saved by about 1/3, and the water resource depletion problem can be solved. It becomes.

  Moreover, since the household wastewater 18 is brought into contact with soil by the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50, suspended substances, organic substances, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. can be sufficiently removed from the household wastewater 18. Therefore, the load on the environment can be significantly reduced as compared with the case where a single treatment septic tank is provided.

  Moreover, in this embodiment, unlike the case where a merged process septic tank is used, the urine 16 is processed separately without mixing with the domestic wastewater 18 as described above. Therefore, the processing load of the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 50 for treating the daily wastewater 18 is not as great as that of the merged treatment septic tank. Thereby, the volume of the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 can be sufficiently reduced in size as compared with the merged treatment septic tank, and the initial cost is sufficiently low as compared with the introduction of the merged treatment septic tank. In addition, the total amount of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus contained in the treated water and discharged is sufficiently reduced as compared with the case where the combined treatment septic tank is used. Specifically, compared with the case where a merger processing septic tank is installed, for example, the amount of TN and TP discharged can be reduced to ¼ or less, respectively.

Moreover, when changing from the single processing septic tank 1050 that processes only human waste to the waste treatment system 100 according to the present embodiment, the capacity of the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 50 is sufficient for the capacity of the existing single processing septic tank 1050. . Therefore, it is necessary to newly install a tank in the ground or the like as when switching from a single-treatment septic tank 1050 (for example, 0.85 m ³ for 5 people) to a merged process septic tank (usually 2.5 m ³ for 5 persons). In addition, the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 according to the present embodiment can be obtained simply by remodeling the existing single treatment septic tank 1050. Therefore, the cost of switching from the single processing septic tank 1050 is significantly lower than when switching to the merged processing septic tank.

  Specifically, in 2000, there were 8.78 million septic tanks, of which 7.23 million were single-treatment septic tanks (82%). And in the area where population density is low, since the establishment of a single treatment septic tank is prohibited, installation of a merged treatment septic tank is required. However, the installation of a merger treatment septic tank requires, for example, 800 to 1,000,000 yen per unit, and even if subsidized by the national government, etc., a cost of about 500,000 yen is required. In addition, the water quality after the treatment is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, etc., and has little effect of suppressing eutrophication. Furthermore, it costs about 40,000 to 50,000 yen per year for the sludge recovery process, and a sludge treatment plant is required.

  However, in the present embodiment, human waste is processed dry without adding water in the toilet apparatus 20, so that the volume of the household wastewater treatment apparatus 50 is sufficient for the volume of the existing single treatment septic tank 1050, and the single treatment septic tank. The waste treatment system according to the present invention can be switched to the waste treatment system 100 that performs advanced processing as in this embodiment at a very low cost. Specifically, if mass production progresses, the cost will be approximately halved compared to switching from a waste treatment system using a single treatment septic tank to a waste treatment system using a combined treatment septic tank, for example, about 500,000 yen per system. Therefore, it becomes possible to switch to the present waste treatment system 100, which is about half the conventional price. Therefore, if there is subsidy from the country etc., the personal burden will be further reduced and the spread can be promoted rapidly. Moreover, according to this household wastewater treatment apparatus 50, there is little generation | occurrence | production of sludge.

  Summarizing the above, in this embodiment, human waste derived from daily life and garbage are directly returned to the ground as nutrients and used as resources instead of waste, and the processing cost of human waste and garbage is reduced. On the other hand, domestic wastewater is treated at a low cost and highly and flows into public water bodies. Therefore, it is possible to recycle human waste and raw garbage while regenerating and preserving water bodies such as rivers, lakes, inland seas, inner bays, and reservoirs, and public water areas such as underground water areas. This is a paradigm shift technology that is indispensable for building a recycling-oriented society.

  Note that such an emission processing system 100 is more effective when provided in the following areas, for example. For example, (1) areas where improvement of the water environment is strongly demanded, (2) areas where water supply is depleted, and (3) areas where promotion of organic agriculture is required.

  First, in areas where improvement of the water environment is strongly demanded, it is possible to improve the water environment such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs, inner bays, etc. Especially, improvement of water quality in the upstream area of the reservoir that is the source of tap water Thus, the water quality improvement effect of drinking water can be measured. Also, in areas where the use of tap water has increased due to the extension of sewerage and community drainage projects, and the risk of drought has increased, the risk of drought can be reduced by saving tap water. Furthermore, in areas where promotion of organic farming is required, it is possible to promote farmer participation in organic farming by practicing organic farming in a private vegetable garden and experiencing the harvest of delicious vegetables / fruits.

(Second embodiment)
Next, the waste disposal apparatus according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. In the waste treatment apparatus of this embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment is only the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 150, and only the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 150 will be described below.

Life wastewater treatment apparatus 150 of this embodiment, the main difference miscellaneous household waste water treatment apparatus 50 according to the first embodiment, a point in which a buffer tank 1 5 2 adjacent to the container 52, the buffer tank 1 The intermittent metering pump 115 is further provided in 52.

The buffer tank 1 5 2 is a container for temporarily storing miscellaneous wastewater 18 sent via the line 8.

On the other hand, the intermittent metering pump 115 intermittently and quantitatively supplies the household wastewater 18 in the buffer tank 15 2 to the region 71 in the container 52.

  The intermittent metering pump 115 includes a container 117, an air nozzle 123 that opens on the top surface of the container 117 and supplies air from the blower 119 into the container 117 through the three-way cock 121, and opens on the bottom surface of the container 117 from the outside. A check valve 125 that permits only the supply of domestic wastewater 18 into the container 117, and a communication pipe 127 that opens in the lower part of the container 117 and communicates with the region 71 of the container 107 and the container 52 are provided. The intermittent metering pump 115 is an example, and a structure other than that of the present embodiment may be used.

  In such a domestic wastewater treatment apparatus 150, the daily wastewater 18 is first stored in the buffer tank 152 via the line 8. Since the three-way cock 121 communicates the container 117 with the atmosphere in advance, the domestic wastewater 18 in the buffer tank 152 is filled into the container 117 via the check valve 125. Subsequently, when the three-way cock 121 is switched every predetermined time so that the blower 119 and the air nozzle 123 communicate with each other, air is supplied into the container 117, the domestic waste water 18 a in the container 117 is pushed out, and the communication pipe 127 is connected. To the region 71. At this time, the daily waste water 18 in the buffer tank 152 does not come out from the check valve 125. Subsequently, when the three-way cock 121 is switched after a predetermined time has passed and the atmosphere and the container 117 are communicated with each other, the domestic wastewater 18 flows into the container 117 from the check valve 125 again.

  In this way, the daily wastewater 18 can be supplied to the region 71 intermittently and quantitatively by periodically supplying and shutting off air by switching the three-way cock 121 using a timer or the like. According to this, since the household wastewater treatment apparatus 150 has the buffer tank 152, when the wastewater from the bathtub 5a of the bathroom 5 flows in the house 2, a large amount of household wastewater 18 is received at once. Even when it flows in, the processing load of each soil layer 101-104 can be kept constant, and efficient processing is possible.

(Third embodiment)
Next, the waste disposal apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. Since the waste treatment apparatus of this embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in the domestic wastewater treatment apparatus 250, only the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 250 will be described below.

  The household wastewater treatment apparatus 250 according to the present embodiment includes a container 252, a water-permeable dispersion plate 254 that is provided horizontally near the bottom surface 252 a in the container 252, and divides the container 252 up and down. A supply pipe 256 that supplies the daily wastewater 18 that is supplied between the bottom surface 252a of the container 252 and the dispersion plate 254, and a discharge that discharges water between the bottom surface 252a and the dispersion plate 254 in the container 252 to the outside. A nozzle 258, a valve 262 connected to the discharge nozzle 258, and a soil layer 260 formed on the dispersion plate 254 of the container 252 are provided. The treated water discharged through the valve 262 is transferred to the drain groove 90 using the pump 270 or the like.

  In such a domestic wastewater treatment apparatus 250, after the valve 262 is closed in advance, the daily wastewater 18 is supplied into the container 252 by the supply pipe 256, the soil layer 260 is immersed for a predetermined time, and the soil is in the meantime. BOD and nitrogen are removed by microorganisms in the medium, and phosphorus is adsorbed in the soil. After a predetermined time has elapsed, the valve 262 is opened, the treated water is discharged, and the soil layer 260 is exposed to air. Even in the household wastewater treatment apparatus 250 using such soil, the household wastewater 18 can be treated appropriately. In addition, as suitable conditions of the frequency | count of immersion, it is about 6 times a day, for example, and the suitable conditions for immersion time are about 4 to 8 hours.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, the waste disposal apparatus according to the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. Since the waste treatment apparatus of this embodiment is different from the third embodiment only in the domestic wastewater treatment apparatus 350, only the daily wastewater treatment apparatus 350 will be described below.

  The household wastewater treatment apparatus 350 of this embodiment has a buffer tank 152 and a container 252 similar to that of the third embodiment. Near the bottom surface 252 a in the container 252, a water-permeable dispersion plate 254 that is horizontally provided to partition the container 252 vertically is provided. Further, the container 252 is provided with a discharge nozzle 258 for discharging water between the bottom surface 252a and the dispersion plate 254 in the container 252 to the outside. The discharge nozzle 258 has been processed through the valve 262 and the valve 262. A pump 270 for transferring water to the drainage groove 90 is connected thereto. A soil layer 260 is formed on the dispersion plate 254 of the container 252.

  And the trench apparatus 302 is provided in the part close | similar to the surface in the upper part 260a of the soil layer 260. FIG. The trench device 302 has a bowl-shaped trench 304 extending in the horizontal direction. A trench pipe 306 extending along the trench 304 is provided in the trench 304. In the trench pipe 306, a large number of through holes 308 for discharging domestic wastewater to the outside from the trench pipe 306 are formed side by side in the length direction of the trench pipe 306 (see FIG. 8). The trench 304 is filled with gravel 310 so as to cover the trench pipe 306.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, domestic wastewater is supplied into the buffer tank 152 via the line 8. Further, in the buffer tank 152, an intermittent metering pump 115 for supplying the daily waste water 18 in the buffer tank 152 intermittently and quantitatively to the trench pipe 306 in the container 252 is provided.

  The intermittent metering pump 115 includes a container 117, an air nozzle 123 that opens on the top surface of the container 117 and supplies air from the blower 119 into the container 117 through the three-way cock 121, and opens on the bottom surface of the container 117 from the outside. A check valve 125 that permits only the supply of miscellaneous waste water 18 into the container 117, and a communication pipe 127 that opens to the lower part of the container 117 and communicates the container 107 and the trench pipe 306 of the container 252. ing. The intermittent metering pump 115 is an example, and a structure other than that of the present embodiment may be used.

  According to such a domestic wastewater treatment apparatus 350, the domestic wastewater 18 is intermittently and quantitatively supplied from the buffer tank 152 into the trench device 302 by the intermittent metering pump 115 after the valve 262 is closed in advance. The supplied domestic wastewater 18 overflows from the trench device 302 and flows down the upper portion 260a of the soil layer 260 and immerses the lower portion 260b of the soil layer 260. Since the upper portion 260a of the soil layer 260 where the daily wastewater flows down is a relatively aerobic atmosphere, the organic matter in the daily wastewater is decomposed and nitrified, while the lower portion 260b of the soil layer 260 that is immersed in the daily wastewater. Since the atmosphere becomes relatively anaerobic, denitrification of the nitrified nitrogen component is performed. Moreover, phosphorus is adsorbed at any location in the soil layer 260.

  Then, for example, by opening the valve 262 at regular intervals and discharging the treated water by the pump 270, the upper part 260a of the soil layer 260 is always exposed to air, and the lower part 260b of the soil layer 260 is always lived. Be immersed in miscellaneous wastewater. The valve 262 and the pump 270 may be configured to be periodically driven at a time interval corresponding to the transfer amount of the intermittent metering pump 115 by a timer. Further, a water level sensor (not shown) may be provided in the container 252 and the valve 262 and the pump 270 may be driven by a detection signal of the water level sensor. Here, it is preferable to control the driving timing of the valve 262 and the pump 270 so that the position of the water surface in the container 252 is approximately about 1/3 from below the depth of the soil layer 260. Such a miscellaneous wastewater treatment apparatus 350 can also suitably treat the miscellaneous wastewater 18.

Here, when the conventional single-use septic tank (1 m ³ ) for five persons is remodeled to be the miscellaneous wastewater treatment apparatus 350 of this embodiment, for example, the capacity of the buffer tank is 0.4 m ³ and the soil is The size of the filled container 252 can be 0.4 m ³ .

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation aspect is possible.

  For example, in the above embodiment, the daily wastewater treatment devices 50, 150, 250, and 350 are buried in the ground, but the daily wastewater treatment devices 50 and 150 are provided as long as the daily wastewater 18 can be supplied by a pump or the like. , 250, 350 may be installed on the ground.

  Further, the household wastewater treatment apparatus is not limited to the above-described one, and a method of bringing the household wastewater 18 and the soil into contact with each other may be used.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment, although the toilet apparatus 20 which mixes and processes feces and urine is employ | adopted, it has the toilet bowl which isolate | separates feces and urine, collects feces and urine separately, A so-called manure-separated toilet apparatus that performs a process such as decomposition and fermentation in a state where urine and urine are separated may be used. In this case, since compost by feces and fertilizer by urine can be obtained separately, advanced recycling can be achieved. Also, there is little odor generation.

  Needless to say, wastewater from household toilets 50, 150, 250, and 350 other than the bathroom 5 and the toilet 4, for example, from a bathroom or the like may be supplied.

  On the other hand, when the volume of the household wastewater treatment device 50 or the like is not sufficient due to circumstances, for example, the wastewater 13 from the bathtub 5a of the bathroom 5 that supplies a large amount of wastewater within a short time is used as the sink 6a of the kitchen 6. Even if discharged directly into the drainage groove 90 or the like, assuming that the pollution load is small compared to the drainage 14 from the above, the effects of the present invention can be obtained.

  Here, each of the waste treatment system having the single treatment septic tank, the waste treatment system having the combined treatment septic tank, and the waste treatment system 100 having the toilet device 20 and the daily wastewater treatment device 50 as in the above embodiment. The environmental impact on the water area was evaluated.

  An ordinary household normally discharges 50 L of urine (including flush water) and 200 L of daily wastewater per adult per day. This 50 L of human waste contains 13 g of BOD, 8 g of TN, and 0.7 g of TP, the BOD concentration is 260 mg / L, the TN concentration is 160 mg / L, and the TP concentration is 14 mg / L. Degree. In addition, 200L of household wastewater contains 27 g of BOD, 2 g of TN, and 0.3 g of TP, the BOD concentration is 135 mg / L, the TN concentration is 10 mg / L, and the TP concentration is It is about 1.5 mg / L.

  In the following, for each system, the environmental load on the water area after treating human adult's daily human waste is shown.

  First, the waste treatment system equipped with a single-treatment septic tank discharges 4.5 g of BOD, 6 g of TN, and about 0.5 g of TP from the single-treatment septic tank to a water area (BOD concentration 90 mg / L). , TN concentration 120 mg / L, TP concentration 10 mg / L), and BOD 27 g, TN 2 g, and T-P 0.3 g are discharged into the water as household wastewater. Therefore, the environmental load on the water area is about BOD 31.5 g, TN 8 g, and TP 0.8 g.

  In addition, the waste treatment system equipped with the merger treatment septic tank is about BOD 5g, TN 6g, TP 0.7g (BOD concentration 20mg / L, TN 30mg / L, TP 3.5mg / L) To discharge.

  On the other hand, the waste treatment system 100 including the toilet device 20 and the daily wastewater treatment device 50 according to the present embodiment does not use water in the treatment of human waste, so BOD, TN, The discharge amount of TP is almost zero. On the other hand, from the household wastewater treatment device 50, about BOD 2g, T-N1g, TP 0.1g (BOD concentration 10mg / L, TN 5mg / L, TP 0.5mg / L) is discharged to the water area. .

  Therefore, when the waste treatment system including the single treatment septic tank is switched to the waste treatment system according to the present embodiment, for example, reduction of BOD 94%, TN 88%, and TP 88% is achieved.

  Moreover, even if it changes to the waste treatment system which concerns on this embodiment from the waste treatment system provided with a merger processing septic tank, reduction of BOD60%, TN83%, TP86% is possible, for example.

It is a schematic block diagram which shows the waste treatment system which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing which shows the toilet apparatus in FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the domestic wastewater treatment apparatus in FIG. It is a schematic block diagram which shows the waste treatment system before the remodeling which has a single processing septic tank. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the household wastewater treatment apparatus in the discharge processing system which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the household wastewater treatment apparatus in the discharge processing system which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the household wastewater treatment apparatus in the discharge processing system which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is a VIII-VIII arrow line view of FIG.

Explanation of symbols

  20 ... Toilet device (human waste treatment device), 50, 150, 250, 350 ... Domestic wastewater treatment device, 52 ... Container, 61a, 62a, 63a, 64a ... Inclined surface, 16 ... Human waste, 18 ... Domestic wastewater, 30a ... porous material, 101, 102, 103, 104, 260 ... soil layer (soil).

Claims (1)

A method for remodeling an exhaust treatment system that discharges wastewater generated in a flush toilet and treats and discharges wastewater in a single treatment septic tank, while draining household wastewater without treating it in the septic tank,
A supply line installation step for providing a supply line for guiding the domestic wastewater into the single treatment septic tank, a single treatment septic tank remodeling step for introducing soil into the single treatment septic tank,
A flush toilet exchange step of mixing the flush toilet with the porous material and stirring and exchanging it with a urine treatment device,
Remodeling method of waste treatment system comprising

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