JP4132862B2 - Arc-compatible flame retardant insulation clothing - Google Patents

Description

本発明者は、表１に示す基準の最も厳しい条件として、アーク電流１２．５ｋＡ、特に試料と電極との距離を２００ｍｍとするテスト基準を作り、鋭意研究を行って、この基準をクリアできる第１種のアーク対応難燃衣を構成したものである。言い換えれば、本発明の第１種のアーク対応難燃衣は、ＩＥＣ６１４８２−２の基準を十分クリアできるのみならず、それ以上に強度の高いファイアボールに対応できる。
【００１７】
本発明の難燃層としては、限界酸素指数（ＬＯＩ）２６以上が適用可能で、好適には３０以上である。１平方メートル当りの重量（目付）は、１６０ｇ以上が適用可能で、好適には２００ｇ以上である。これらの条件に適合できる難燃性布地としては、防炎加工を施した綿プロパンや、アラミド繊維、ＰＢＩ、ＰＢＯ等が挙げられる。これらの繊維のうちアラミド繊維、ＰＢＩ、ＰＢＯの耐アーク特性については略同等であると評価できるが、価格的にはアラミド繊維、ＰＢＩ、ＰＢＯの順で高く、衣服生地としての柔軟性についてはアラミド繊維が優れる点、又熱伝導率も低い等の点からメタ型アラミド繊維が最良であると考えられる。
【００１８】
アラミド繊維は、分子結合エネルギーの高いアミド結合で芳香族環を結んだものであり、構造上対称性が良く、安全で、融解エントロピーが小さく、分解温度が既存の有機繊維に対し著しく高く、非常に燃えにくく、自己消火性を有し、次表２に示すように難燃性に優れたものである。
【００１９】
【表２】

メタ型アラミド繊維の２０番手、３０番手、４０番手製布地は、表２に示す性質を有し、かつ実用性の条件である柔軟性、屈曲性、強度、軽量性、加工性、取扱性、耐低温性、低摩擦音性等を満足し、本発明の難燃層を構成できる。難燃層を構成するための布地としては、熱収縮を防止し強度を高めるため、５〜４０重量％の高強度及び高弾性のバラ型アラミド、ＰＢＯ、ＰＥＥＫ等繊維の混紡とする。
【００２０】
アラミド繊維製布地には、アークが発生したとき、難燃層から絶縁層へ向かう熱流吐出を完全に遮断するため、難燃性のシリコーンゴム等の柔軟性樹脂中にシリカ、石灰、アッシュ等の耐火性微粉末を混入して成る耐火層を膠着する。膠着により、難燃層及び耐火層の一体化が図れて、両者一体の目付が上昇し、これによる熱流吸収効果も期待できる。
【００２１】
このために使用できる柔軟性樹脂としては、シリコーンゴムの他、クロロプレンゴム、フッ素ゴム等の例がある。ゴムは未加流状態、あるいは半加流状態とし、アーク放射線により、又は表面側難燃層よりの加熱によって発泡を瞬時的に行うものの、その内部に混入した耐火性の微粉末により、耐火材として機能し高温熱流が内部へ侵入するのを略完全に遮断することができる。
【００２２】
柔軟性樹脂中に混入するシリカの量は、耐火機能の具現のためには大なる程良いが、衣服としての柔軟性を阻害することなく膠着できる範囲は３０重量％以上８０重量％以下で、４０〜６５重量％程度とするのが好ましい。耐火層の厚みは同様の理由で１００μｍ〜２００μｍ程度とする。
【００２３】
柔軟性樹脂中に放射熱を受けて吸熱作用を示す発泡剤、気化剤や昇華剤を混入することも可能である。かく吸熱剤を混入して吸熱作用を具現すれば、ファイアボールの吐出熱を吸収し、耐火力を格別高くし、その内部の温度上昇を格別低く抑えることができる。
【００２４】
耐火層は、難燃層の表面又は裏面、或いは中間に位置させることができる。いずれの位置においても、耐火層は難燃層に一体化されるので全体目付は変化せず、ファイアボールの熱流を燃焼することなく受け止めることができる。ただし、難燃層に膠着した柔軟性樹脂に粘りがあり、衣服としての仕上げに問題がある場合には、耐火層を難燃層の裏面又は中間に位置させることになる。裏面に位置させる場合に同様の問題が有る場合には裏面に別途裏地を設けることもできる。この場合の裏地としては、例えば作業者と快適に接触するよう考慮された断熱層としての難燃性裏地とする。中間に位置させる場合には、難燃性素材に挟まれたサンドイッチ構造となる。
【００２５】
以上の如く構成されたアーク対応難燃衣は、１２５００Ａ×０．４秒のアークから２０ｃｍ離れた位置で、底面温度の上昇を４０℃以下に抑えることができ、ＩＥＣ−６１４８２−２を十分にクリアできる。本発明では、このようにして構成された難燃衣を、縫製し、頭巾、難燃上着、ズボン、その他ファイアボール以外の熱流を遮蔽するための衣類等の製品とすることができる。
【００２６】
電力中央研究所での耐アーク試験によれば、難燃層の裏面に耐火層を配置した場合、２０ｃｍ離れた位置からの１２５００Ａの強烈なアークに対し、難燃層の表面１部は炭化し黒色化するが、耐火層には穴もあかず、その内部の絶縁フィルム及び裏地には影響を与えず、裏地表面の上昇温度も７０℃以下（実験値４０℃以下）に抑制されることが実証された。特に耐火層及び絶縁層の間に断熱層を介在させたものにあっては、絶縁層表面の検出上昇温度は２０℃以下であった。
【００２７】
以上により、本発明の第１種のアーク対応難燃衣によれば、１２５００Ａの強烈なファイアボールを耐火層付難燃層で受け止めて、その内部に位置する絶縁層や人体を保護することができる。
【００２８】
頭巾は、電気工事作業者が頭部を覆う形で着衣できるもので、電気安全帽から後頭部及び頸部にかけて垂下させ、覆面状に形成したタレ形のものや、電気安全帽を含めて顔面を残し頭部を覆う形のドーム形のもの等の例がある。
【００２９】
難燃上着及びズボンは、通常の絶縁衣を着用した上で、その上に重ねて着ることにより耐アーク性及び耐絶縁性のある安全衣とすることができる。
【００３０】
また、本発明では、通常の絶縁衣と本発明のアーク対応難燃衣を分離可能な形で同時に一体化して設計し、両者含めて一つの難燃絶縁衣を構成することができる。一体化の方式としては、マジックテープ（登録商標）や雌雄のドットボタン等、重装のための接合手段を介して両者を一体的に接合したものと、接合手段なしで絶縁衣及び難燃衣を夫々別途に制作し、これらを重ね着する方式のものとがある。本、一体化方式の難燃絶縁衣によれば、難燃衣を必要とするときのみ絶縁衣の上から難燃衣を重ね着すれば良い。また、絶縁衣が絶縁不良となった場合には、絶縁衣のみを交換すればよく、経済的な利点もある。さらに、年２回の点検時、難燃衣を除いた形で絶縁衣のみの点検を行うことができる。
【００３１】
本発明の第２種のアーク対応難燃衣は、１２５００Ａの電流が０．４秒間連続して流れる一対の電極から２０ｃｍ離れた距離で受けるアークに対応し、裏面に位置する絶縁衣又は及び人体を前記アークから保護することができるアーク対応難燃衣であって、限界酸素指数２８以上、１平方メートル当りの重量２４０ｇ以上の布地で構成した難燃層と、その裏面に位置し、前記アークが照射されて後前記絶縁衣又は及び人体側の表面温度が２０℃以上上昇するのを抑制する厚さ０．１〜０．５ｍｍの難燃性の断熱層と、を備えたことを特徴とする。
【００３２】
本発明で参照として示す第２種のアーク対応難燃衣は、前記第１種のものに対し、ＬＯＩを２８以上とした点、目付を２００以上とした点、耐火層に代えて厚さ０．１〜０．５ｍｍの難燃性の断熱層とし、これを難燃層の裏面に位置させた点が異なる。難燃性の断熱層としては、難燃層と同様の難燃材による織布又は不織布で構成できる。ＬＯＩ２８以上、目付２４０以上とすれば、１２５００Ａ×３０ｃｍのアークによって破壊されず、その裏面に位置する断熱層の裏面温度上昇を２０℃以下に抑制することができる。
【００３３】
本発明で参照として示す第３種のアーク対応難燃衣は、８０００Ａの電流が０．４秒間連続して流れる一対の電極から３０ｃｍ離れた位置で受けるアークに対応し、裏面に位置する絶縁衣又は及び人体を前記アークから保護することができるアーク対応難燃衣であって、限界酸素指数２６以上、１平方メートル当りの重量１５０ｇ以上の難燃性布地で構成した難燃層と、その裏面に位置し前記アークが照射されて後前記絶縁衣又は及び人体側の表面温度が２０℃以上上昇するのを抑制する厚さ０．１〜０．４ｍｍの難燃性の断熱層と、を備えたことを特徴とする。
【００３４】
本発明の第３種のアーク対応難燃衣は、表１に示すＩＥＣ６１４８２−２のアーク電流８ｋＡの評価に合格できる難燃衣であって、高圧活線作業の他、レーザ加工作業、或いは溶接加工作業、その他の高温、高放射線下での過酷な条件下で使用できる作業衣として開発された難燃衣である。８ｋＡ×３０ｃｍの条件によるアークは、１２．５ｋＡのアークに対し約１／３の強度であり、難燃層は、ＬＯＩ２６以上、目付１６０ｇ以上で破壊されることがなく、その裏面に厚さ０．１〜０．４ｍｍの難燃性の断熱層を位置させることにより、その裏面の表面温度の上昇を２０℃以下に抑制できる。断熱性能及び衣服としての性能は、不織布が織布に優る。
【００３５】
難燃層の高圧下での熱収縮、洗濯による収縮、強度増加を目的として、難燃維には５〜４０重量％の高強度及び高弾性の難燃繊維を混紡することもできる。
【００３６】
混紡用の繊維としては、パラ型アラミド繊維や、ＰＢＯ、ＰＥＥＫを用いることができる。以上に述べた本発明の第１〜第３種のアーク対応難燃衣をまとめると、次表３の通りである。
【００３７】
【表３】

表３において、紫外線カットとあるのは、本願発明に係るアーク対応難燃衣は、アメリカ労働衛生専門官会議の勧告による基準値（ＴＬＶ）をクリアできることを意味する。即ち、ＴＬＶは、波長２００〜４００ｎｍの紫外線において、例えば２７０ｎｍの平均放射エネルギー密度が３μＷ／ｃｍ² の条件下で１００時間に耐え、かつ透過率０．０１７％以下であることを期待している。本願発明に係るアーク対応難燃衣は、いずれもこれらをクリアできる。難燃層をメタ型アラミド６５重量％以上とした実験では、透過率０．０１％以下とすることができた。
【００３８】
以上示したアーク対応難燃衣と併用される絶縁衣は、ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主体とするフィルムで構成され、このポリオレフィン系樹脂には、掘曲により折り目が形成されるのを防止するのに必要な量の酢酸ビニールが添加されることを特徴とする。
【００３９】
ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主体とするフィルムで構成される絶縁衣は、絶縁性が高く、焼却時にダイオキシンを発生することがない。また、柔軟性を持たせるため、所定量の酢酸ビニールが添加されるので、掘曲により折り目が形成されず、難燃衣との併用によって絶縁性が阻害されることがなく、長期使用に耐えることができる。
【００４０】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付図面を参照して本発明の実施の形態を_説明する。図１は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る第１種アーク対応難燃衣の素材構成例を示す断面図である。図示のように、高圧充電路（電極）１Ａ，１Ｂが短絡するとアークが発生し、直径１ｍｍ以下のスパッタ２が放射状に飛散すると共に放射線としてのふかれ（熱流吐出）３が放散する。通常のアークは、温度７０００℃程度とされるが、６６００Ｖ高圧充電路の短絡では、温度２万℃に達すると言われている。但し、高圧充電路の短絡では、遮断器が設けられているので、アーク持続時間は０．４秒以内に制限される。このとき、スパッタ２及びふかれ３を加え合わせた熱流火炎の玉がファイアボールであると総称される。ファイアボールの威力は絶大で、通常衣類は瞬時にして燃え上がり炭化してしまう。従来絶縁衣に使用されているビニール製のフィルムは、瞬時にして溶けて燃え上る。
【００４１】
そこで、本発明のアーク対応難燃衣４は、高圧充電路１Ａ，１Ｂに対峙する表面側に、裏面に５０重量％のシリカを混入したシリコーンゴムによる耐火層５を膠着したアラミド繊維製布地（難燃層）６を配置する。シリコーンゴムによる耐火層５を膠着したアラミド繊維製布地６を全体で耐火層付難燃層７と呼ぶ。耐火層付難燃層７のＬＯＩは２６以上、目付は１６０ｇ以上とする。
【００４２】
難燃層６を構成するアラミド繊維製布地としては、テイジン（株）のメタ型アラミド繊維であるコーネックスＣＸ２９４０，ＣＯ３９４２，ＣＸ３６２，ＣＸ４３１０等を用いることができる。うち耐電圧特性は乾燥状態においてＣＸ２９４０が最良であり、耐アーク特性ではＣＸ３９４２が最良である。
【００４３】
耐火層５を構成するシリコーンゴムは、信越化学（株）製のＩＦＥＬ６０１シリーズを用いた。このゴムは、その中に２５〜６７重量％以上のシリカ及び適宜の発泡剤を含み、膠着可能のよう液状ゴムとして形成されている。即ち、膠着のため液状とされ、水分又は酸素の化合で重合反応し柔軟性のあるゴムフィルムとなるよう構成されている。又はその内部に混入した揮発剤の発散により柔軟性のあるゴムフィルムとなるよう構成されている。フィルム厚みは１００μｍ以上とするのが好ましい。
【００４４】
耐火層付難燃層７の裏面側には、アーク対応難燃衣４に、衣類としての性能を持たせるため、また裏面の温度を更に低下させ、絶縁衣８の温度上昇を極力低下させるため、ポリアミド等難燃性の織布又は不織布による断熱層９を介在させている。
【００４５】
断熱層９を介在させるとアーク発生に伴い瞬時に高温化された耐火層付難燃層７の保有熱量が絶縁衣８に移行するのが阻止され、アーク：１２５００Ａ、距離２０ｃｍの条件において絶縁衣８が１００℃以上に温度上昇するのを抑制できる。具体的には、断熱層９が無い場合は絶縁衣８の表面温度を６０〜８０℃（上昇温度４０〜６０℃）程度とすることができ、断熱層９を設けた場合には、絶縁衣８の表面温度を４０℃以下（上昇温度２０℃以下）とすることができる。
【００４６】
以上の構成のアーク対応難燃衣４は、通常の絶縁衣である絶縁上着やズボンと同一又は類似の形状の難燃上着又は難燃ズボンとして通常の絶縁衣とは別途に制作し、アーク対応の難燃衣とすることができる。このように仕立てられたアーク対応難燃衣は、通常の販売されている絶縁衣に対し、適宜重ね着させることでアーク対応難燃絶縁衣として利用することもできる。高圧活線作業以外の作業では、アーク対応難燃衣単独で使用することもできる。
【００４７】
また、図１に示す難燃衣は、電気安全帽の内側から後頭部及び頸部に垂下させることにより、難燃性タレとすることができる。頭部全体を覆うドーム形の難燃衣とすることもできる。さらに、本発明のアーク対応難燃衣４で手袋や長ぐつ表面をカバーすることにより、難燃性の手袋や長ぐつを構成することもできる。この他、各種難燃グッズを制作することができる。図１に示す難燃層６について、波長２００〜４００ｎｍの紫外線透過率は、０．００１６％であった。
【００４８】
アーク対応難燃衣４を絶縁衣８に合わせて同時設計し、分離可能な形の難燃絶縁衣を構成することもできる。本例の難燃衣４及び絶縁衣８は、図１で示したものと全く同一である場合と、ドットボタン等の接合手段（図示せず）が追加される場合の２例がある。接合手段は、例えば難燃衣４側の接合手段を雌型のドットボタンで、絶縁衣８側の接合手段を同じく雄型のドットボタンで構成することもできる。
【００４９】
絶縁衣８は、表面及び裏面に、例えばポリエチレン製の表地、裏地を有し、その間に複数のポリエチレン製フィルムを介在させて成る。このように構成される絶縁衣８の耐絶縁性は、次表４に示す規格電圧に耐え、高圧充電路の活線作業を行う電気工事作業者を線路接触による感電事故から防止することができる。
【００５０】
【表４】

ポリエチレンは、それ自体高度の絶縁性を有する。柔軟性、難燃性、加工性を改善するために、５〜２０重量％程度のＥＶＡ、ＥＭＮＡ等改善剤を加えるのが望ましい。ポリエチレンは硬く、使用中に皺が寄り、その部分の絶縁値が低下する恐れがあるからである。絶縁性を保障するためには、表面に凹凸を作らず、平滑に仕上げられなければならない。加えて、フィルム面への汚れの付着は絶対禁物である。裏地には、アラミド繊維製布地の他、難燃処理を行った綿布、化繊、皮布等を用いることができる。
【００５１】
以上により、絶縁衣８に合わせて難燃衣４が分離可能な形で一体構成され、両者合わせて一つの難燃絶縁衣１０が構成される。本例の難燃絶縁衣１０は、高圧充電路の活線作業を行う電気工事作業者を感電事故及びアーク火傷から共に防止するための安全衣として利用できる。具体的には、難燃絶縁上着又はズボンの例がある。また、難燃絶縁頭巾として制作できる。これらの詳細については、図４以下で詳述する。
【００５２】
図２は、本発明の第２種のアーク対応難燃衣の素材構成の一例を示す断面図である。図中、図１に示した機能部材と同一機能を果す部材については同一参照符号を付けて示している。
【００５３】
図示のように、本発明の第２種のアーク対応難燃衣１１は、ＬＯＩ２８以上と、目付２４０ｇ以上の難燃層１２の裏面に厚さ０．１〜０．５ｍｍの断熱層１３を位置して成る。難燃層１２としては、例えば、テイジン（株）のメタ型アラミド繊維を主体として構成できる。断熱層１３は、同様のメタ型アラミド繊維の不織布で構成できる。
【００５４】
本発明の第２種のアーク対応難燃衣１１は、１２５００Ａ×３０ｃｍ×０．４秒のアークに耐え、破壊されず断熱層１３の裏面の温度上昇を２０℃以下に抑え、その裏面に位置する絶縁衣８又は人体を保護することができる。ＩＥＣ６１４８２−２の３段階評価において、１２５００Ａでは、表面炭化するも貫通せず、断熱層１３の表面を損傷することもない。８０００Ａ×３０ｃｍでは、難燃層１２の表面表層部が極薄く炭化し黒色化する程度である。
【００５５】
図３は、本発明の第３種のアーク対応難燃衣１４の一実施の形態を示す断面図である。図示のように、本例のアーク対応難燃衣１４は、ＬＯＩ２６以上、目付１５０以上の難燃層１５の裏面に、同一表材繊維で作成した厚さ０．１〜０．４ｍｍの不織布製断熱層１６を位置させて成る。難燃層としては、例えばテイジン（株）のメタ型アラミド繊維を主体として構成できる。一般的な作業衣として利用するための補強を目的としているため、５〜４０重量％の高強度、高弾性の難燃繊維を混紡することもできる。
【００５６】
本発明の第３種のアーク対応難燃衣１４は、８０００Ａ×３０ｃｍ×０．４秒のアークに耐え、破壊されず、断熱層１６の裏面の温度上昇を２０℃如何に抑えることができる。一時的な作業衣として利用するための補強を目的として、５〜４０重量％の高強度、高弾性の難燃繊維を混紡することもできる。
【００５７】
図１〜図３に示した絶縁衣８は、厚さ３０〜２００μｍポリオレフィンフィルムを積層して成る。ＪＩＳ−Ｔ８０１０に基づく試験結果を表４に示す。ＪＩＳ−８０１０では、平板上の上部電極（２５φ×２５Ｈ）及び下部電極（７５φ×２５Ｈ）を有する試験装置を用い、両電極間に交流電圧を印加し、２０ｋＶで１分間絶縁破壊しないことを規定している。表５に示すように、本例のポリエチレンフィルムでは、３枚以上の積層で安全規定電圧を確保できる。
【００５８】
【表５】

本例のポリエチレンフィルムでは、３枚以上の積層で安全規定電圧を確保することができるので、これに更なる安全を見て、フィルム積層枚数を、例えば６枚と定める。前記酢酸ビニールの添加は、かくして定まる積層枚数を考慮して全体の柔軟性、加工性を検討し、その配合量を定め、さらなる耐圧試験を行って、最終構成を定める。前記絶縁層の最内側には、難燃性で着心地の良い裏地を位置させ、絶縁層を保護すると共に衣服としての性能を持たせる。裏地には、アラミド繊維製布地の他、難燃処理を行った綿布、化繊、皮布等を用いることができる。
【００５９】
以上の如く構成された第１〜第３種のアーク対応難燃衣４、１１、１４は、単独で夫々アーク対応難燃衣として各種作業衣に利用することができる。また、絶縁衣８と組合わせ、高圧充電路の活線作業に用いる難燃絶縁衣１０等に利用することができる。
【００６０】
図１〜図３に示す難燃衣４、１１、１４について耐スパッタ性能を示すと、いずれも、平面配置された布の上からその表面に温度８００〜１０００℃の２ｍｍ以下のスパッタを受けたとき、貫通せず、自ら消火し、部分的な炭化に止めることができる。
【００６１】
図４は、難燃又は難燃絶縁形の頭巾の一例として、例えば図１に示すアーク対応難燃衣４又はアーク対応難燃絶縁衣１０を用いて制作したドーム形の頭部プロテクタＰＴＲの構成例を示す正面図である。
【００６２】
図示のように本例の頭部プロテクタＰＴＲは、作業者の顔面を残して頭部を覆う覆面部１７と、その下方に位置し、肩部にかけて垂下される裾部１８と、前記顔面を覆う透明窓１９とで構成されている。電気安全帽は、これらと一体的に制作することもできる。
【００６３】
透明窓１９は、耐熱性の高いポリカーボネート等を用いることができる。透明窓１９の裏面は、作業者の呼吸によって曇らないよう、界面活性剤等を含む曇り止めを施している。覆面部１７及び裾部１８の素材は、図１に示したアーク対応難燃衣４又はアーク対応難燃絶縁衣１０で構成される。図２、図３で示したアーク対応難燃衣４、１１、１４で作られることもある。
【００６４】
以上の如く構成された頭部プロテクタ１６は、高圧充電路の活線作業は勿論のこと、火花２を含めたアークが発生する溶接作業や高温電気炉の点検作業等に用いることができる。作業者は頭部プロテクタ１６を頭部から被り頭部をアークから保護することができる。
【００６５】
図５は、例えば図１に示すアーク対応難燃衣４又はアーク対応難燃絶縁衣１０を用いて制作した作業上着２０の正面図である。図示のように、本例の上着２０は、図１に示すアーク対応難燃衣４又はアーク対応難燃絶縁衣１０を用いて胴部２１及び袖部２２並びに首部２３を有する衣服として仕立てられる。見かけは、通常の上着と同様である。腹部の合わせ目には、合わせ部分を接合するために、例えばマジックテープ（登録商標）が用いられる。
【００６６】
図５の上着２０において、アーク対応難燃絶縁衣１０として絶縁衣８を含め、かつ上前２１Ａに持ち出し部（ヨーク）を設ける場合、この持ち出し部分を含めてアーク対応難燃衣４を延長させておくのが好ましい。絶縁性を確実化するためである。また、図５の状態において、左方から放射された火花２やふかれ３（プラズマジェット）が胸元に侵入するのを防止するため、下前２１Ｂの上前２１Ａとの合わせ部分には、一点鎖線で示すプラズマジェット防止膜２１Ｃを設けておくのが望ましい。プラズマジェット防止膜２１Ｃは、アーク対応難燃衣４と同一素材で作ることができる。難燃層６、１２、１５と同一素材でも構わ無い。２層織に折り畳ある構造とし、折り畳んだときの開放方向をプラズマジェット２、３の侵入方向に一致させておくのが、より好ましい。
【００６７】
上着２０を、図１に示すアーク対応難燃衣４を用いて制作した場合、通常の絶縁上着（図示せず）の上に重ねて着ることができる。難燃絶縁衣１０を用いて制作した場合には、必要に応じ、絶縁衣８又は難燃衣４を使い分けることができる。
【００６８】
上着２０は、絶縁衣８との組合わせにおいて、いずれの場合も裾部において離反可能としておくことが好ましい。フィルムの破損を視認するために、絶縁衣８の絶縁テストのとき、絶縁衣８のみを分離してテストできるからである。
【００６９】
図６は、以上の如く構成された難燃衣又は難燃絶縁衣の素材を、電気安全衣に仕立て、作業者２４に着用させた状態を示す正面図である。図示のように、作業者２４は、電気安全衣として、ゴム製長ぐつ２５と、ゴム製手袋２６と、難燃絶縁上着２０と、難燃絶縁ズボン２７と、電気安全帽内蔵の頭部プロテクタＰＴＲとを身につけている。これら安全衣の装着により、作業者２４は、高圧充電路の活線作業において、線路接触による感電事故から保護されると共に、線路短絡により発生したアークから保護される。即ち、アーク発生に伴い発生するスパッタ２及びふかれ３をアーク対応難燃衣４で受止めて、絶縁衣８の裏面温度が２０℃以上上昇するのが防止される。作業者２４は直接的及び間接的アーク火傷から共に保護される。ゴム製絶縁長ぐつ２５は、底部を除いた表面をアーク対応難燃衣４で覆っている。ゴム製絶縁手袋２６については、作業性を悪化することのないよう手の内側部分を除いてアーク対応難燃衣４で外張りしている。
【００７０】
以上示した実施の形態では、主に高圧充電路の短絡により発生するアークから電気工事作業者を保護する例を多く示したが、本発明はアーク発生源が他のものであっても同様に適用できる。即ち、アーク発生源が溶接アークであっても同様である。また、アークでなくとも火花であっても同様である。高圧充電路の短絡により発生するアークを対象とする本発明によれば、各種アーク類似の火花や熱流源から各種作業者を保護できる。本発明は、上記実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、適宜の設計的変更を行うことにより、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で各種変形して実施できる。
【００７１】
【発明の効果】
限界酸素指数２６以上、１平方メートル当りの重量１６０ｇ以上の布地で構成される難燃層と、前記難燃層の表面又は裏面或いは中間に位置され難燃性の柔軟樹脂中に耐火性微粉末を混入して成る耐火層と、を備えたことを特徴とする第１種アーク対応難燃衣によれば、１２５００Ａの電流が０．４秒間連続して流れる一対の電極から２０ｃｍ離れた距離で受けるアークに対応し、裏面に位置する絶縁衣又は及び人体を前記アークの熱流吐出及びスパッタ並びに紫外線から保護することができる。
【００７２】
削除
【００７３】
限界酸素指数２６以上、１平方メートル当りの重量１５０ｇ以上の難燃性布地で構成した難燃層と、その裏面に位置し前記アークが照射されて後前記絶縁衣又は及び人体側の表面温度が２０℃以上上昇するのを抑制する厚さ０．１〜０．４ｍｍの難燃性の断熱層と、を備えたことを特徴とする第３種アーク対応難燃衣によれば、８０００Ａの電流が０．４秒間連続して流れる一対の電極から３０ｃｍ離れた位置で受けるアークに対応し、裏面に位置する絶縁衣又は及び人体を前記アークから保護することができる。
【００７４】
ポリオレフィン系樹脂を主体とするフィルムで構成し、このポリオレフィン系樹脂には、掘曲により折り目が形成されるのを防止するのに必要な量の酢酸ビニールを添加したことを特徴とする絶縁衣によれば、絶縁性が高く、焼却してもダイオキシンを発生することがない。また、柔軟性を持たせるため所要量の酢酸ビニールが添加されるので、掘曲により折り目が形成されず、難燃衣との併用による使用によって絶縁性が破壊されることがない。
【００７５】
アラミド繊維製布地には、アークが発生したとき、難燃層から絶縁層へ向かう熱流吐出を完全に遮断するため、難燃性のシリコーンゴム等の柔軟性樹脂中にシリカ、石灰、アッシュ等の耐火性微粉末を混入して成る耐火層を膠着する。膠着により、難燃層及び耐火層の一体化が図れて、両者一体の目付が上昇し、これによる熱流吸収効果も期待できる。
【００７６】
このために使用できる柔軟性樹脂としては、シリコーンゴムの他、クロロプレンゴム、フッ素ゴム等の例がある。ゴムは未加流状態、あるいは半加流状態とし、アーク放射線により、又は表面側難燃層よりの加熱によって発泡を瞬時的に行うものの、その内部に混入した耐火性の微粉末により、耐火材として機能し高温熱流が内部へ侵入するのを略完全に遮断することができる。
【００７７】
また、本発明では、通常の絶縁衣と本発明のアーク対応難燃衣を分離可能な形で同時に一体化して設計し、両者含めて一つの難燃絶縁衣を構成することができる。一体化の方式としては、マジックテープ（登録商標）や雌雄のドットボタン等、重装のための接合手段を介して両者を一体的に接合したものと、接合手段なしで絶縁衣及び難燃衣を夫々別途に制作し、これらを重ね着する方式のものとがある。本、一体化方式の難燃絶縁衣によれば、難燃衣を必要とするときのみ絶縁衣の上から難燃衣を重ね着すれば良い。また、絶縁衣が絶縁不良となった場合には、絶縁衣のみを交換すればよく、経済的な利点もある。さらに、年２回の点検時、難燃衣を除いた形で絶縁衣のみの点検を行うことができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の一実施形態に係る第１種のアーク対応難燃衣の構成を示す断面図である。
【図２】 本発明の一実施形態に係る第２種のアーク対応難燃衣の構成を示す断面図である。
【図３】 本発明の一実施形態に係る第３種のアーク対応難燃衣の構成を示す断面図である。
【図４】 本発明の一実施形態に係る頭部プロテクタの構成例を示す正面図である。
【図５】 本発明の一実施形態に係る難燃上着又は難燃絶縁上着を示す正面図である。
【図６】 本発明の一実施形態に係る難燃衣又は難燃絶縁衣を身につけた状態を示す作業者の正面図である。
【符号の説明】
１Ａ，１Ｂ 高圧充電路（電極）
２ 火花
３ ふかれ
４ 第１種アーク対応難燃衣
５ 耐火層
６，１２，１５ 難燃層
７ 耐火層付難燃層
８ 絶縁衣
９，１３，１６ 断熱層
１０ アーク対応難燃絶縁衣
１１ 第２種アーク対応難燃衣
１４ 第３種アーク対応難燃衣
１７ 覆面部
１８ 裾部
１９ 透明窓
２０ 作業上着
２１ 胴部
２１Ａ 上前
２１Ｂ 下前
２１Ｃ プラズマジェット防止膜
２２ 袖部
２３ 首部
２４ 作業者
２５ 絶縁長ぐつ
２６ 絶縁手袋
２７ 作業ズボン
ＰＴＲ 頭部プロテクタ[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
  The present invention can protect a human body from heat flow discharge accompanied by spatter and ultraviolet rays, for example, an electric construction worker who performs hot line work of a high-voltage charging path can be protected from an arc generated by a line short circuit. Arc compatible flame retardantInsulationRegarding clothing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
  In recent years, uninterruptible work has been required to cover high power demand, and 6600V hot-line work has been performed. Specifically, this corresponds to a hot-wire work of 6600 V transmission / distribution electric wires, repair inspection / maintenance work around a transformer of high-voltage power distribution equipment, and the like.
[0003]
  In the hot work of these high-voltage charging paths, the Ministry of Labor Notification No. 144 is required to wear electric safety clothing. In addition to wearing an electric safety cap, JIS-T8010 has a high voltage of 20,000 V per minute. Insulation boots, insulation gloves, and insulation jackets are required to withstand, and these safety garments are subjected to a withstand voltage test at 10,000 V for 1 minute by inspection twice a year.
[0004]
  Conventional insulation jackets for preventing electrical accidents are made of, for example, vinyl chloride or vinyl acetate. A thick vinyl film is made as the outer fabric, and a multilayer thin vinyl chloride is placed between the vinyl lining. It was designed with a film in place and insulation. In recent years, in view of the fact that disposal of vinyl chloride by incineration generates dioxins and is difficult to dispose of, polyolefin-based insulation garments have been studied.
[0005]
  By the way, according to statistics on electrical disasters in the last 10 years, nearly 200 electrical accidents have been reported even in the electrical work while wearing the above-mentioned electric safety clothing, including nearly 40 fatalities. Has occurred. Electrical disasters are due to electric shocks and electric shocks caused by direct contact with the charging path, direct burns caused by contact with arcs and sparks (also called fireballs) caused by shorting of the charging path, There are indirect burns caused by ignition of clothing.
[0006]
  Insulation jackets as conventional electrical safety garments were constructed exclusively as insulation garments to prevent electric shock accidents due to contact with tracks, so they are flammable, and indirect burns are caused by ignition of the garments due to the occurrence of the above fireball There was a fear. When a vinyl chloride film is ignited, the film burns as it melts, and the human body immediately becomes a fireball. In addition, between the electric safety cap and the insulating jacket, the back and neck of the worker (also referred to as the head) are exposed. There was also a risk of direct burns.
[0007]
  Furthermore, in recent years, indirect hot-wire work has been performed through a rod-shaped member called a stick having a length of 2 m as means for preventing an accident due to a direct short-circuit, but even in this case, the work range is within 1 m from the arc generation point. Therefore, if a short circuit between lines occurs, the arc damage will naturally occur. In this case, since it is a hot-wire operation using an instrument, the number of short-circuits becomes more likely.
[0008]
  On the other hand, in other operations such as laser processing and welding, an arc equivalent to this occurs, although not as much as an arc due to a short circuit in the high-voltage charging path. These arcs are accompanied by a large amount of sparks (sputtering) and ultraviolet rays although the amount of current is low, and it is necessary to cope with the arcs in these work clothes.
[0009]
  Until now, what was used in the workplace exposed to ultraviolet radiation generated from these artificial light sources was mainly 100% cotton work clothes. However, cotton has significantly deteriorated the strength of the fabric against ultraviolet radiation, and has a high transmittance so that the skin could hardly be protected from ultraviolet radiation. Normally, most of the ultraviolet light that exists in nature is from Taiyo, and a part of the ultraviolet light with a short wavelength is absorbed by the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, and does not reach the surface. However, UV-A waves (315 to 400 nm), UV-B waves (280 to 315 nm), and UV-C waves (100 to 280 nm) are generated at close range from the artificial light source, and the eyes of the worker are protected. Even so, the skin is exposed to the ultraviolet radiation during the working hours without any protection. It is very urgent to protect workers who are engaged in work sites exposed to such harmful rays.
[0010]
  Under such circumstances, in the research of arc-resistant flame retardant clothing, in addition to high-grade arcs such as 12500A or 8000A, it is possible to deal with spatters associated with welding arcs and laser processing and / or arcs mixed with ultraviolet rays. There was a need for comprehensive research.
[0011]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
  Therefore, in view of the above-described conventional technology, the present invention can protect a human body according to each standard based on a 12500A or 8000A arc generated by a short circuit of a high-voltage charging path.InsulationThe purpose is to compose clothing. In addition, arc-compatible flame retardant used for hot wire work in high-voltage charging pathsInsulationAn object of the present invention is to optimize the structure of the insulating garment located inside the garment.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted earnest research on the characteristics of fireballs, which are arcs generated by short-circuiting of the high-voltage charging path, and the fibers, fabrics, combinations thereof, etc. that can cope with the characteristics. _ Arc-compatible flame retardant as described in the range ofInsulationCloth _ developed.
[0013]
  That is, the present invention is as described in the claims. Specifically, the arc-compatible flame retardant insulation garment of the present invention is a combination of an arc-compatible flame retardant clothes and an insulation garment. It can be divided into three types. The first flame-resistant flame garment of the present invention corresponds to an arc received at a distance of 20 cm from a pair of electrodes in which a current of 12500 A continuously flows for 0.4 seconds, and an insulating garment or human body located on the back surface Is an arc-compatible flame retardant that can protect the arc from heat flow discharge, sputtering, and ultraviolet rays, and has a critical oxygen index (hereinafter also referred to as LOI) of 26 or more and a weight per square meter (hereinafter also referred to as basis weight). A flame retardant layer composed of a fabric of 160 g or more, and a refractory layer formed by mixing a refractory fine powder in a flame retardant flexible resin located in the front, back or middle of the flame retardant layer. It is characterized by that.The mixing amount of the refractory fine powder in the refractory layer was 30 to 80% by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the flexible resin, and the thickness was 100 to 200 μm.
[0014]
  The LOI is 26 or more and can withstand the first type standard. This LOI is one of the most important values in this standard. If this value is 29 or more and the basis weight is further improved, the fireproof layer can be omitted. However, in this case, it is necessary to specify the LOI 29 as an original characteristic of the material, not by post-processing. In addition, the flame retardancy must not only be able to pass the standard but also take into account the safety factor. Therefore, in the present invention, regarding the flame resistance for arc, the LOI is 26 or more, the basis weight is 160 g or more, and the fire resistance layer is specified in consideration of the safety factor.
[0015]
  High voltage charging pathArc compatibleAs flame retardant clothing, in order to protect workers from fireballs caused by short-circuits in the charging path, the International Electrotechnical Organization (IEC 61482-2 (testing of clothing material that protects workers from arc current heat damage) shown in the following table 1 The Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) is expected to be set in the near future in accordance with this IEC.
[0016]
[Table 1]

  The present inventor has made a test standard in which the arc current is 12.5 kA, particularly the distance between the sample and the electrode is 200 mm as the strictest condition of the standard shown in Table 1. It constitutes a kind of arc-resistant flame-resistant garment. In other words, the first-type arc-compatible flame-retardant garment of the present invention can not only sufficiently satisfy the standard of IEC 61482-2, but can also cope with a fireball having higher strength.
[0017]
  As the flame retardant layer of the present invention, a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 26 or more is applicable, and preferably 30 or more. The weight (weight per unit area) per square meter is applicable to 160 g or more, and preferably 200 g or more. Examples of the flame retardant fabric that can meet these conditions include cotton propane subjected to flameproofing, aramid fiber, PBI, PBO and the like. Among these fibers, the arc resistance characteristics of aramid fibers, PBI, and PBO can be evaluated as being substantially equivalent, but the price is higher in the order of aramid fibers, PBI, and PBO, and the flexibility as a garment fabric is aramid. Meta type aramid fiber is considered to be the best from the viewpoint of excellent fiber and low thermal conductivity.
[0018]
  Aramid fiber is an aromatic ring linked by an amide bond with a high molecular bond energy, has good structural symmetry, is safe, has low melting entropy, and has a significantly high decomposition temperature compared to existing organic fibers. It is difficult to burn, has self-extinguishing properties, and has excellent flame retardancy as shown in Table 2 below.
[0019]
[Table 2]

  The 20th, 30th, and 40th fabrics of meta-type aramid fibers have the properties shown in Table 2 and are the conditions of practicality, such as flexibility, flexibility, strength, lightness, workability, handleability, Satisfying low temperature resistance, low frictional sound property, etc., can constitute the flame retardant layer of the present invention. As a fabric for constituting the flame retardant layer, in order to prevent heat shrinkage and increase strength, a fiber blend of 5 to 40% by weight of high-strength and high-elastic rose aramid, PBO, PEEK, or the like is used.
[0020]
  The aramid fiber fabric has a flexible resin such as flame retardant silicone rubber in order to completely shut off the heat flow from the flame retardant layer to the insulating layer when an arc occurs. A fireproof layer formed by mixing fireproof fine powder is stuck. Due to the agglutination, the flame retardant layer and the refractory layer can be integrated, and the unit weight of the both can be increased.
[0021]
  Examples of the flexible resin that can be used for this purpose include silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, and fluororubber. The rubber is in an unheated or semi-heated state and is foamed instantaneously by arc radiation or by heating from the surface side flame retardant layer. And can almost completely block the high temperature heat flow from entering the inside.
[0022]
  The amount of silica mixed in the flexible resin is better for realizing the fireproof function, but the range that can be stuck without impairing the flexibility as clothes is 30% by weight or more and 80% by weight or less. It is preferably about 40 to 65% by weight. The thickness of the refractory layer is about 100 μm to 200 μm for the same reason.
[0023]
  It is also possible to mix a foaming agent, a vaporizing agent, and a sublimation agent which receive radiant heat and exhibits an endothermic effect in the flexible resin. Thus, if the endothermic agent is mixed to realize the endothermic action, the discharge heat of the fireball can be absorbed, the fire resistance can be made extremely high, and the temperature rise inside thereof can be suppressed to a particularly low level.
[0024]
  The refractory layer can be located on the front or back surface of the flame retardant layer, or in the middle. At any position, since the fireproof layer is integrated with the flame retardant layer, the overall basis weight does not change, and the heat flow of the fireball can be received without burning. However, when the flexible resin stuck to the flame retardant layer is sticky and there is a problem in finishing as clothes, the fire resistant layer is positioned on the back surface or the middle of the flame retardant layer. When there is a similar problem in the case of positioning on the back side, a separate lining can be provided on the back side. As the lining in this case, for example, a flame-retardant lining as a heat insulating layer that is considered to come into contact with the worker comfortably. When positioned in the middle, the sandwich structure is sandwiched between flame retardant materials.
[0025]
  Configured as aboveArc compatibleThe flame-retardant garment can suppress the rise in the bottom surface temperature to 40 ° C. or less at a position 20 cm away from the arc of 12,500 A × 0.4 seconds, and can sufficiently satisfy IEC-61482-2. In the present invention, the flame-retardant garment configured as described above can be sewn and used as a product such as a hood, a flame-retardant outerwear, trousers, and other clothes for shielding heat flow other than fireball.
[0026]
  According to the arc resistance test at the Central Research Institute of Electric Power, when a fireproof layer is placed on the back side of the flame retardant layer, 1 part of the surface of the flame retardant layer is carbonized against a strong arc of 12500A from a position 20 cm away. Although it turns black, there is no hole in the refractory layer, it does not affect the insulating film and lining inside, and the rising temperature of the lining surface is also suppressed to 70 ° C or less (experimental value 40 ° C or less). Proven. In particular, in the case where a heat insulating layer was interposed between the refractory layer and the insulating layer, the detected temperature rise on the surface of the insulating layer was 20 ° C. or less.
[0027]
  As described above, according to the first-type arc-compatible flame retardant clothing of the present invention, an intense fireball of 12500A can be received by the flame retardant layer with a fire-resistant layer, and the insulating layer and the human body located inside the fire ball can be protected. it can.
[0028]
  A hood can be worn by an electrician covering the head, hanging from the electric safety cap to the back of the head and neck, and a sagging shape formed as a cover, and the face including the electric safety cap. There are examples such as a dome shape that covers the remaining head.
[0029]
  The flame retardant outerwear and trousers can be made into safety clothing with arc resistance and insulation resistance by wearing a normal insulation garment and wearing it on top of it.
[0030]
  In the present invention, the normal insulation garment and the arc-compatible flame retardant garment of the present invention can be separated and integrated at the same time, and one flame retardant insulation garment can be configured including both. There are two types of integration: Magic tape (registered trademark) and male and female dot buttons, which are joined together through joint means for heavy equipment, and insulation garments and flame retardant clothes without joint means. There is a method of making each separately and layering them. According to the flame retardant insulated garment of this integrated system, the flame retardant garment may be layered on the insulated garment only when the flame retardant garment is required. In addition, when the insulation garment has poor insulation, it is only necessary to replace the insulation garment, which has an economic advantage. Furthermore, at the time of inspection twice a year, only the insulation garment can be inspected without the flame-retardant garment.
[0031]
  The second type arc-resistant flame retardant clothing of the present invention corresponds to an arc received at a distance of 20 cm from a pair of electrodes in which a current of 12500 A continuously flows for 0.4 seconds, and an insulating garment or human body located on the back surface A flame-resistant garment capable of protecting against arcs, a flame retardant layer composed of a fabric having a critical oxygen index of 28 or more and a weight of 240 g or more per square meter; A flame retardant heat-insulating layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm that suppresses a rise in the surface temperature of the insulating garment or the human body side by 20 ° C. or more after irradiation. .
[0032]
  The present inventionShown as reference inThe second type of flame-resistant flame-resistant garment has a LOI of 28 or more, a basis weight of 200 or more, and a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm instead of the refractory layer. The difference is that the flame-retardant heat-insulating layer is positioned on the back surface of the flame-retardant layer. As a flame-retardant heat insulation layer, it can be comprised with the woven fabric or nonwoven fabric by the flame retardant similar to a flame-retardant layer. If the LOI is 28 or more and the basis weight is 240 or more, it is not destroyed by the arc of 12,500 A × 30 cm, and the back surface temperature rise of the heat insulating layer located on the back surface can be suppressed to 20 ° C. or less.
[0033]
  In the present inventionShow as referenceThe third type of flame-resistant clothing corresponding to arc corresponds to an arc received at a position 30 cm away from a pair of electrodes in which an electric current of 8000 A continuously flows for 0.4 seconds. A flame-resistant garment capable of protecting against arcs, having a limiting oxygen index of 26 or more, a flame-retardant layer composed of a flame-retardant fabric having a weight of 150 g or more per square meter, and a back surface of the flame retardant layer. And a flame-retardant heat-insulating layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm that suppresses an increase in the surface temperature of the insulating garment or the human body side after 20 ° C. or more.
[0034]
  The third type flame-resistant garment of the present invention is a flame-retardant garment that can pass the evaluation of the arc current 8 kA of IEC 61482-2 shown in Table 1, and in addition to the high-pressure live work, laser processing work or welding It is a flame-retardant garment developed as a work garment that can be used under severe conditions under processing and other high temperatures and high radiation. The arc under the condition of 8 kA × 30 cm is about 1/3 the strength of the arc of 12.5 kA, and the flame retardant layer is not destroyed when the LOI is 26 or more and the basis weight is 160 g or more. By positioning the flame-retardant heat-insulating layer of 0.1 to 0.4 mm, the increase in the surface temperature of the back surface can be suppressed to 20 ° C. or less. Nonwoven fabrics are superior to woven fabrics in terms of heat insulating performance and performance as clothing.
[0035]
  For the purpose of heat shrinkage of the flame retardant layer under high pressure, shrinkage due to washing, and strength increase, the flame retardant fiber may be blended with flame retardant fiber having a high strength and high elasticity of 5 to 40% by weight.
[0036]
As the fiber for blending, para-type aramid fiber, PBO, and PEEK can be used. The first to third types of arc-compatible flame retardant clothing according to the present invention described above are summarized in Table 3 below.
[0037]
[Table 3]

  In Table 3, the term “ultraviolet rays cut” means that the arc-compatible flame retardant according to the present invention can clear the standard value (TLV) recommended by the American Occupational Health Council. That is, TLV has an average radiant energy density of, for example, 270 nm at 3 μW / cm in an ultraviolet ray having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm.²It is expected to withstand 100 hours under the above conditions and have a transmittance of 0.017% or less. Any of the arc-compatible flame-retardant garments according to the present invention can clear these. In an experiment in which the flame retardant layer was meta-aramid 65% by weight or more, the transmittance was 0.01% or less.
[0038]
  The insulation garment used in combination with the arc-compatible flame retardant clothing described above is composed of a film mainly composed of polyolefin resin, which is necessary to prevent the formation of folds due to digging. A characteristic amount of vinyl acetate is added.
[0039]
  An insulating garment made of a film mainly composed of a polyolefin-based resin has a high insulating property and does not generate dioxins during incineration. In order to give flexibility, a predetermined amount of vinyl acetate is added, so that no folds are formed by digging, and insulation is not hindered by combined use with flame retardant clothing, so it can withstand long-term use. be able to.
[0040]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a material configuration example of a first-type arc-compatible flame retardant according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the drawing, when the high-voltage charging paths (electrodes) 1A and 1B are short-circuited, an arc is generated, and spatters 2 having a diameter of 1 mm or less are scattered in a radial pattern and radiation (heat flow ejection) 3 is diffused. A normal arc has a temperature of about 7000 ° C., but it is said that the temperature reaches 20,000 ° C. in a short circuit of a 6600 V high-voltage charging path. However, since the circuit breaker is provided in the short circuit of the high voltage charging path, the arc duration is limited to within 0.4 seconds. At this time, the hot-flow flame ball in which the spatter 2 and the blower 3 are added together is generically called a fireball. The power of fireballs is tremendous, and ordinary clothing burns and carbonizes instantly. Conventionally, a vinyl film used for insulating clothing melts and burns instantly.
[0041]
  Therefore, the present inventionArc compatibleThe flame-retardant garment 4 is a silicone rubber in which 50% by weight of silica is mixed on the back side on the front side facing the high-voltage charging paths 1A and 1B.Refractory layer byAn aramid fiber fabric (flame retardant layer) 6 to which 5 is glued is disposed. silicone rubberRefractory layer byThe aramid fiber fabric 6 to which 5 is glued is referred to as a flame-resistant layer 7 with a fire-resistant layer as a whole. The LOI of the flame-resistant layer 7 with a refractory layer is 26 or more and the basis weight is 160 g or more.
[0042]
  As the aramid fiber fabric constituting the flame retardant layer 6, CONEX CX2940, CO3942, CX362, CX4310, etc., which are meta-type aramid fibers of Teijin Co., Ltd., can be used. Of these, CX2940 is the best withstand voltage characteristics in the dry state, and CX3942 is the best with respect to arc resistance characteristics.
[0043]
  As the silicone rubber constituting the fireproof layer 5, IFEL601 series manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. was used. This rubber contains 25 to 67% by weight or more of silica and an appropriate foaming agent, and is formed as a liquid rubber so that it can be glued. That is, it is liquefied due to agglutination, and is configured to be a flexible rubber film by a polymerization reaction by combination of moisture or oxygen. Or it is comprised so that it may become a flexible rubber film by the divergence of the volatile agent mixed in the inside. The film thickness is preferably 100 μm or more.
[0044]
  On the back side of the flame retardant layer 7 with a refractory layer,Arc compatibleIn order to give the flame-retardant garment 4 performance as a garment, to further lower the temperature of the back surface, and to reduce the temperature rise of the insulating garment 8 as much as possible, a heat insulating layer 9 made of a flame-retardant woven fabric or nonwoven fabric such as polyamide. Is interposed.
[0045]
  When the heat insulating layer 9 is interposed, the amount of heat retained in the flame-resistant flame-resistant layer 7 that has been instantaneously increased in temperature due to the generation of the arc is prevented from being transferred to the insulating garment 8, and the insulating garment is maintained under the conditions of arc: 12500A and distance 20cm. It is possible to suppress the temperature rise of 8 to 100 ° C. or higher. Specifically, when the heat insulating layer 9 is not provided, the surface temperature of the insulating garment 8 can be set to about 60 to 80 ° C. (rising temperature 40 to 60 ° C.). The surface temperature of 8 can be 40 ° C. or lower (rising temperature 20 ° C. or lower).
[0046]
  Of the above configurationArc compatibleThe flame-retardant garment 4 is produced separately from the normal insulation garment as a flame retardant outer garment or trouser having the same or similar shape as the insulation jacket or trousers that are normal insulation garments, It can be. Tailored like thisArc compatibleThe flame retardant garment can be used as an arc-compatible flame retardant insulation garment by appropriately layering it on a commercially available insulation garment. In work other than high-pressure hot-wire work,Arc compatibleFlame retardant clothing can be used alone.
[0047]
  Moreover, the flame-retardant garment shown in FIG. 1 can be made into a flame-retardant sauce by being suspended from the inside of the electric safety cap to the back of the head and neck. It may be a dome-shaped flame retardant covering the entire head. Furthermore, the present inventionArc compatibleBy covering the surface of the gloves and boots with the flame-retardant garment 4, it is also possible to configure the flame-retardant gloves and boots. In addition, various flame-retardant goods can be produced. About the flame retardant layer 6 shown in FIG. 1, the ultraviolet-ray transmittance of wavelength 200-400 nm was 0.0016%.
[0048]
  Arc compatibleThe flame retardant garment 4 can be simultaneously designed according to the insulating garment 8 to form a separable flame retardant insulating garment. The flame retardant garment 4 and the insulating garment 8 of this example are two examples, the case where it is completely the same as what was shown in FIG. 1, and the case where joining means (not shown), such as a dot button, are added. As the joining means, for example, the joining means on the flame-retardant garment 4 side can be constituted by a female dot button, and the joining means on the insulating garment 8 side can also be constituted by a male dot button.
[0049]
  The insulation garment 8 has a front surface and a back surface made of, for example, polyethylene, and a plurality of polyethylene films interposed therebetween. The insulation resistance of the insulating garment 8 configured as described above can withstand the standard voltages shown in the following Table 4 and prevent an electric worker who performs the hot line work of the high-voltage charging path from an electric shock accident due to the line contact. .
[0050]
[Table 4]

  Polyethylene itself has a high degree of insulation. In order to improve flexibility, flame retardancy, and workability, it is desirable to add about 5 to 20% by weight of an improving agent such as EVA or EMNA. This is because polyethylene is hard and wrinkles during use, which may lower the insulation value of the part. In order to ensure insulation, the surface must be smooth and not uneven. In addition, the adhesion of dirt to the film surface is absolutely prohibited. For the lining, in addition to the aramid fiber fabric, a flame-treated cotton fabric, synthetic fiber, leather fabric, or the like can be used.
[0051]
  As described above, the flame-retardant garment 4 is integrally configured to be separable according to the insulating garment 8, and one flame-retardant insulating garment 10 is configured together. The flame-retardant insulating garment 10 of this example can be used as a safety garment for preventing an electric worker who performs hot-line work on a high-voltage charging path from electric shock accidents and arc burns. Specifically, there are examples of flame retardant insulating jackets or pants. It can also be produced as a flame retardant insulation hood. These details will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
[0052]
  FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the material configuration of the second type arc-compatible flame retardant clothing of the present invention. In the figure, members having the same functions as those shown in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0053]
  As shown in the figure, the second-type arc-compatible flame retardant 11 of the present invention has a heat insulation layer 13 having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm on the back surface of the flame retardant layer 12 having a LOI of 28 or more and a basis weight of 240 g or more. It consists of As the flame retardant layer 12, for example, a meta-aramid fiber of Teijin Co., Ltd. can be mainly used. The heat insulation layer 13 can be comprised with the nonwoven fabric of the same meta type | mold aramid fiber.
[0054]
  The second-type arc-compatible flame retardant clothing 11 of the present invention withstands an arc of 12500 A × 30 cm × 0.4 seconds, is not destroyed, suppresses the temperature rise on the back surface of the heat insulating layer 13 to 20 ° C. or less, and is positioned on the back surface. The insulating garment 8 or the human body can be protected. In the three-step evaluation of IEC 61482-2, at 12500A, the surface is carbonized but does not penetrate, and the surface of the heat insulating layer 13 is not damaged. At 8000 A × 30 cm, the surface surface layer portion of the flame retardant layer 12 is so thin as to be carbonized and blackened.
[0055]
  FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the third type arc-compatible flame retardant 14 of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the arc-compatible flame retardant 14 of this example is made of a non-woven fabric having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm made of the same surface fiber on the back surface of the flame retardant layer 15 having a LOI of 26 or more and a basis weight of 150 or more. The heat insulation layer 16 is located. As the flame retardant layer, for example, a meta-aramid fiber of Teijin Co., Ltd. can be mainly used. Since the purpose is to reinforce for use as a general working garment, 5 to 40% by weight of high-strength, high-elastic flame retardant fiber can be blended.
[0056]
  The third type flame-resistant flame garment 14 of the present invention can withstand an arc of 8000 A × 30 cm × 0.4 seconds, is not destroyed, and can suppress the temperature rise of the back surface of the heat insulating layer 16 by 20 ° C. For the purpose of reinforcement for use as temporary work clothes, 5 to 40% by weight of high-strength, high-elasticity flame retardant fibers can be blended.
[0057]
The insulating garment 8 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is formed by laminating a 30 to 200 μm-thick polyolefin film. Table 4 shows the test results based on JIS-T8010. JIS-8010 stipulates that an AC voltage is applied between both electrodes using a test device having an upper electrode (25φ × 25H) and a lower electrode (75φ × 25H) on a flat plate, and no dielectric breakdown occurs at 20 kV for 1 minute. is doing. As shown in Table 5, in the polyethylene film of this example, a safety regulation voltage can be secured by laminating three or more sheets.
[0058]
[Table 5]

  In the polyethylene film of this example, the safety regulation voltage can be secured by laminating three or more sheets. Therefore, in view of further safety, the number of laminated films is determined to be, for example, six. The addition of the vinyl acetate takes into account the number of laminated layers thus determined, examines the overall flexibility and workability, determines the blending amount, conducts a further pressure resistance test, and determines the final configuration. On the innermost side of the insulating layer, a flame-retardant and comfortable lining is positioned to protect the insulating layer and to provide clothing performance. For the lining, in addition to the aramid fiber fabric, a flame-treated cotton fabric, synthetic fiber, leather fabric, or the like can be used.
[0059]
  The first to third types of arc-compatible flame retardant clothing 4, 11, 14 configured as described above can be used independently for various work clothes as arc-compatible flame retardant clothing. Moreover, it can utilize for the flame-retardant insulation garment 10 etc. which are combined with the insulation garment 8 and used for the hot-line operation | work of a high voltage | pressure charging path.
[0060]
  When the spatter-resistant performance is shown for the flame-retardant garments 4, 11, and 14 shown in FIGS. When it does not penetrate, it can extinguish itself and stop to partial carbonization.
[0061]
  FIG. 4 shows, for example, FIG. 1 as an example of a flame retardant or flame retardant insulated hood.Arc compatibleFlame retardant clothing 4 orArc compatibleIt is a front view which shows the structural example of the dome-shaped head protector PTR produced using the flame-retardant insulation garment.
[0062]
  As shown in the figure, the head protector PTR of the present example covers the face, the cover part 17 that covers the head while leaving the face of the operator, the skirt part 18 that is positioned below and hangs down from the shoulder part, and the face. It consists of a transparent window 19. Electric safety hats can be made in one piece.
[0063]
  The transparent window 19 can be made of polycarbonate having high heat resistance. The back surface of the transparent window 19 is provided with anti-fogging containing a surfactant or the like so as not to be fogged by the worker's breathing. The material of the covering surface portion 17 and the skirt portion 18 is shown in FIG.Arc compatibleFlame retardant clothing 4 orArc compatibleIt consists of a flame retardant insulating garment 10. Shown in FIG. 2 and FIG.Arc compatibleIt may be made of flame retardant clothing 4,11,14.
[0064]
  The head protector 16 configured as described above can be used not only for the hot wire operation of the high voltage charging path, but also for the welding operation in which the arc including the spark 2 is generated, the inspection operation of the high temperature electric furnace, and the like. An operator can put the head protector 16 on the head to protect the head from arcing.
[0065]
  FIG. 5 shows, for example, in FIG.Arc compatibleFlame retardant clothing 4 orArc compatibleIt is a front view of the work jacket 20 produced using the flame-retardant insulation garment 10. FIG. As shown, the jacket 20 of this example is shown in FIG.Arc compatibleFlame retardant clothing 4 orArc compatibleThe flame retardant insulating garment 10 is used to make a garment having a body portion 21, a sleeve portion 22, and a neck portion 23. The appearance is the same as a normal jacket. For example, Velcro (registered trademark) is used at the abdominal joint to join the joints.
[0066]
  In the jacket 20 of FIG.Arc compatibleWhen including the insulation garment 8 as the flame retardant insulation garment 10 and providing a take-out portion (yoke) on the upper front 21A, include this take-out portion.Arc compatible flame retardantIt is preferable to extend the garment 4. This is to ensure insulation. Further, in the state of FIG. 5, in order to prevent the spark 2 or the blow 3 (plasma jet) radiated from the left side from entering the chest, there is one point on the mating portion with the upper front 21A of the lower front 21B. It is desirable to provide a plasma jet prevention film 21C indicated by a chain line. The plasma jet prevention film 21C isArc compatibleIt can be made of the same material as the flame-retardant garment 4. The same material as the flame retardant layers 6, 12, 15 may be used. More preferably, the two-layered structure is folded and the opening direction when folded is made to coincide with the penetration direction of the plasma jets 2 and 3.
[0067]
  The jacket 20 is shown in FIG.Arc compatibleWhen produced using the flame retardant garment 4, it can be worn over a normal insulating jacket (not shown). When produced using the flame retardant insulating garment 10, the insulating garment 8 or the flame retardant garment 4 can be properly used as necessary.
[0068]
  In any case, it is preferable that the outer garment 20 be separable at the skirt in combination with the insulating garment 8. This is because only the insulating garment 8 can be separated and tested when the insulation garment 8 is subjected to an insulation test in order to visually confirm the film breakage.
[0069]
  FIG. 6 is a front view showing a state in which the material of the flame-retardant garment or the flame-retardant insulation garment configured as described above is made into an electric safety garment and worn by the operator 24. As shown in the figure, the worker 24 has a rubber boot 6, a rubber glove 26, a flame retardant insulation jacket 20, a flame retardant insulation pants 27, and a head with a built-in electric safety cap as an electric safety garment. I wear a protector PTR. By wearing these safety garments, the worker 24 is protected from an electric shock accident due to the line contact in the live line work of the high-voltage charging path, and is also protected from an arc generated by the line short circuit. That is, the spatter 2 and the whirl 3 that are generated when the arc is generated.Arc compatibleIt is received by the flame retardant garment 4 and the back surface temperature of the insulating garment 8 is prevented from rising by 20 ° C. or more. Worker 24 is protected from both direct and indirect arc burns. The rubber insulation boot 25 has a surface excluding the bottom.Arc compatibleCovered with flame retardant clothing 4. For the rubber insulated gloves 26, except the inner part of the hand so as not to deteriorate the workability.Arc compatibleIt is lined with flame retardant clothing 4.
[0070]
  In the embodiments described above, many examples of protecting an electric worker from arcs generated mainly due to short-circuiting of the high-voltage charging path have been shown, but the present invention is similarly applied to other arc generation sources. Applicable. That is, the same applies even if the arc generation source is a welding arc. The same applies to a spark that is not an arc. According to the present invention for an arc generated by a short circuit in a high-voltage charging path, various workers can be protected from various arc-like sparks and heat flow sources. The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention by making appropriate design changes.
[0071]
【The invention's effect】
  A flame-resistant layer composed of a fabric having a critical oxygen index of 26 or more and a weight of 160 g or more per square meter, and a fire-resistant fine powder in a flame-retardant flexible resin located on the front, back, or middle of the flame-retardant layer According to the first-type arc-compatible flame-resistant garment characterized by comprising a fireproof layer formed by mixing, a current of 12500 A is received at a distance of 20 cm from a pair of electrodes that continuously flow for 0.4 seconds. Corresponding to the arc, the insulation garment or the human body located on the back surface can be protected from the heat flow discharge and sputtering of the arc and ultraviolet rays.
[0072]
Delete
[0073]
  A flame retardant layer composed of a flame retardant fabric having a critical oxygen index of 26 or more and a weight of 150 g or more per square meter, and a surface temperature on the insulating garment or the human body after the arc is irradiated on the back surface of the flame retardant layer. According to the third-type arc-compatible flame retardant, comprising a flame-retardant heat-insulating layer having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.4 mm that suppresses an increase in temperature of ℃ or more, an electric current of 8000 A is Corresponding to the arc received at a position 30 cm away from the pair of electrodes that continuously flow for 0.4 seconds, the insulating garment or the human body located on the back surface can be protected from the arc.
[0074]
  It is composed of a film mainly composed of polyolefin-based resin, and this polyolefin-based resin has an insulating garment that is added with an amount of vinyl acetate necessary to prevent formation of folds due to digging. According to this, it has high insulating properties and does not generate dioxins even when incinerated. In addition, since a required amount of vinyl acetate is added to provide flexibility, no folds are formed by digging, and insulation is not destroyed by use in combination with flame retardant clothing.
[0075]
  The aramid fiber fabric has a flexible resin such as flame retardant silicone rubber in order to completely shut off the heat flow from the flame retardant layer to the insulating layer when an arc occurs. A fireproof layer formed by mixing fireproof fine powder is stuck. By the agglutination, the flame retardant layer and the refractory layer can be integrated, and the unit weight of both can be increased, and the heat flow absorption effect by this can also be expected.
[0076]
  Examples of the flexible resin that can be used for this purpose include silicone rubber, chloroprene rubber, and fluororubber. The rubber is in an unheated or semi-heated state and is foamed instantaneously by arc radiation or by heating from the surface side flame retardant layer. And can almost completely block the high temperature heat flow from entering the inside.
[0077]
  In the present invention, the normal insulation garment and the arc-compatible flame retardant garment of the present invention can be separated and integrated at the same time, and one flame retardant insulation garment can be configured including both. There are two types of integration: Magic tape (registered trademark) and male and female dot buttons, which are joined together through joint means for heavy equipment, and insulation garments and flame retardant clothes without joint means. There is a method of making each separately and layering them. According to the flame retardant insulated garment of this integrated system, the flame retardant garment may be layered on the insulated garment only when the flame retardant garment is required. In addition, when the insulation garment has poor insulation, it is only necessary to replace the insulation garment, which has an economic advantage. Furthermore, at the time of inspection twice a year, only the insulation garment can be inspected without the flame-retardant garment.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a first type arc-compatible flame retardant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a second type arc-compatible flame retardant according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a third type arc-compatible flame retardant clothing according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view showing a configuration example of a head protector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a front view showing a flame retardant outer jacket or a flame retardant insulating outer jacket according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a front view of an operator showing a state where the flame retardant clothing or the flame retardant insulation clothing according to the embodiment of the present invention is worn.
[Explanation of symbols]
1A, 1B High voltage charging path (electrode)
2 Sparks
3 Fuware
4 Flame resistant clothing for the first type arc
5 Fireproof layer
6, 12, 15 Flame retardant layer
7 Flame retardant layer with fireproof layer
8 Insulation clothing
9, 13, 16 Heat insulation layer
10Arc compatibleFlame retardant insulation clothing
11 Type 2 arc-resistant flame retardant clothing
14 Type 3 arc-resistant flame retardant clothing
17 Cover part
18 Hem
19 Transparent window
20 Work jacket
21 Torso
21A
21B bottom
21C Plasma jet prevention film
22 Sleeve
23 neck
24 workers
25 Insulation long boots
26 Insulating gloves
27 Work pants
PTR head protector

Claims (1)

Corresponding to an arc received at a distance of 20 cm from a pair of electrodes in which a current of 12,500 A continuously flows for 0.4 seconds, protect the inner insulation garment or human body from the heat flow discharge and spatter of the arc and ultraviolet rays. Arc-compatible flame retardant insulation clothing that can
In a flame retardant layer composed of a fabric having a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 26 or more and a basis weight per square meter (W) of 160 g or more, and a flame retardant flexible resin adhered to the surface or intermediate position of the flame retardant layer It consists of an arc-compatible flame retardant with a foam rubber refractory layer mixed with refractory fine powder, and a film mainly composed of polyolefin resin. An insulating garment made up of vinyl acetate in an amount necessary to prevent it from being formed, and
The mixing amount of the fireproof fine powder in the fireproof layer is 30 to 80% by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the flexible resin, and the thickness is 100 to 200 μm.
The arc-resistant flame retardant clothing and the insulation garment are designed by integrating the insulation garment in such a manner that the arc-compliant flame retardant clothing can be layered on the insulation garment. The insulating garment is configured to be replaceable, the arc is received by the flame retardant layer through the refractory layer, a hole is not formed in the refractory layer, and the back surface temperature of the insulating garment is not increased by 40 ° C. or more. An arc-resistant flame retardant insulation garment characterized by

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