JP4131684B2 - Single crystal laminating method and single crystal laminating apparatus - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to single crystal laminate side Ho及 beauty single crystal laminate device capable of imparting a complicated overhang shape easily to casting, such as the turbine.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, single crystal blades have been used for moving blades and stationary blades of turbines of aircraft jet engines. Alloys used for single crystal casting have been developed on the assumption that there are no crystal grain boundaries, and do not contain grain boundary strengthening elements such as C, B, Zr, etc., so that crystal grain boundaries occur in the single crystal alloy. The part becomes very weak, and even if a part of the casting is not a single crystal, it cannot be used as a blade. Therefore, in order to use a single crystal blade as a blade of a gas turbine, it is necessary to make the entire casting into a single crystal.
[0003]
Single crystal castings are generally manufactured by a unidirectional solidification method, in which the mold is drawn downward from a heated furnace, and the molten metal in the mold is gradually solidified upward from the lower end (patent) References 1, 2).
[0004]
On the other hand, the blades used for power generation gas turbines are very large compared to the wings of aircraft jet engines, and are transverse to the direction of solidification, such as the platform and seal, protruding from the side of the shank. Since there was a large overhanging part and it was not easy to single crystalize the entire casting, a crystal growth promoting path was formed in the mold, and after the overhanging part was integrally formed, the crystal growth promoting part was removed. (Patent Document 3).
[0005]
An outline of this method is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 16, a crystal growth promoting path 12 is formed in the mold 11 provided in the heater 10, and a molten metal is poured into the mold 11, and the mold 11 is gradually lowered to be water-cooled. It is solidified by the plate 13.
After that, the product main body 14 is taken out from the mold 11, and the crystal growth promoting part 17 is removed from the platform part 16 and the product main body 14 which are overhanging parts.
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-41851 [Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Publication No. 1-26796 [Patent Document 3]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-247802
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the above-described method shown in FIG. 16 has a problem that it is necessary to reduce the casting pulling speed and to remove the unnecessary crystal growth promoting portion from the product.
[0008]
For this reason, as shown in FIG. 17, when casting is performed using the mold 22 having the overhanging portion 21, there is a problem that the polycrystalline portion 23 is generated in the overhanging portion 21 and the yield of the product 24 is poor. .
[0009]
In addition, when joining or shape imparting by welding, there is a problem that crystal control is impossible and it is difficult to form a single crystal laminate.
[0010]
In view of the above problems, even only a simple method to provide a fast it is possible to form the overhang single crystal laminate side Ho及 beauty monocrystalline laminator.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first invention for solving the above-mentioned problem is a single crystal lamination method for forming an overhanging single crystal laminated portion on a single crystal body, wherein the overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed on the single crystal body. The single crystal laminating method is characterized in that a single crystal identical to a single crystal body is laminated while contacting a shape-imparting template and then controlling the crystal in the shape-imparting template.
[0012]
A second invention is a single crystal laminating method for forming a single crystal multilayer portion projecting on a single crystal main body, wherein a convex portion is formed on a part of the single crystal main body, and is formed on the single crystal main body. A single crystal laminating method is characterized in that a shape-imparting template is brought into contact with a convex portion, and then the same single crystal as the single crystal body is laminated while controlling the crystal in the shape-imparting template.
[0013]
A third invention is the single crystal lamination method according to the first or second invention, wherein the shape-imparting template is crystallized while being gradually laminated.
[0014]
A fourth invention is the single crystal lamination method according to the third invention, wherein, when the shape-imparting mold is gradually laminated, crystal growth is performed while laminating a bonding material instead of the mold.
[0015]
A fifth invention is characterized in that, in the first or second invention, a single crystal primary laminated portion is formed in the single crystal body, and then a single crystal secondary laminated portion is formed in the primary laminated portion. There is a single crystal lamination method.
[0016]
A sixth invention is the single crystal lamination method according to the first or second invention, wherein the crystal is gradually laminated while expanding the molten pool in the shape-imparting mold over the entire mold.
[0018]
A seventh invention is a single crystal laminated body formed by any one of the first to sixth single crystal lamination methods.
[0019]
An eighth invention is a single crystal laminating apparatus for forming an overhanging single crystal laminated portion on a single crystal body, wherein the shape-imparting mold is installed in a place where the overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed with respect to the single crystal body. And a material supply means for supplying the solubilizing material into the mold, and a heating source for heating the supplied solubilizing material. A single crystal laminating apparatus characterized by laminating overhang portions.
[0020]
According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, in the eighth aspect of the invention, the shape-imparting template is fitted to a convex portion formed on the single crystal body.
[0021]
A tenth invention is the single crystal stacking apparatus according to the eighth or ninth invention, wherein the shape-imparting template is movable.
[0022]
An eleventh invention is the single crystal laminating apparatus according to the eighth or ninth invention, wherein the shape-imparting molds can be stacked.
[0023]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Although the form of this invention is demonstrated below, this invention is not limited to these embodiment.
[0024]
A single crystal lamination method according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in FIG. 1, the single crystal lamination method according to the present invention is a single crystal lamination method in which a single crystal multilayer portion is formed on a single crystal body, and the single crystal body is crystallized in advance. The body main body 100 is manufactured, and then the shape-imparting mold 101 is brought into contact with the single crystal body 100 at a place where the overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed, and then the crystal is controlled in the shape-imparting mold 101. The same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated. Thereafter, the mold 101 is removed, and the product main body having the overhanging portion 102 is taken out.
[0025]
As shown in FIG. 2, the single crystal laminating apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a shape-imparting mold 101 installed at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed with respect to the single crystal body 100, It comprises a solubilizing material guide 112 which is a material supplying means for supplying the solubilizing material, and a heating source 111 for heating the supplied solubilizing material, and is the same as the single crystal body while controlling the crystal in the mold 101. A single crystal overhang 102 is laminated.
[0026]
Here, the single crystal body 100 is a normally manufactured single crystal or unidirectionally solidified material.
Further, the mold 101 is, for example, a ceramic material, and preferably has a good wettability with a liquid metal. By selecting a material with good wettability, generation of another crystal from the mold surface can be prevented.
[0027]
In addition, by using a ceramic material as the mold, it is easy to break after laminating the overhanging portion 102.
[0028]
As a method of laminating while controlling the crystal, a known method of laminating while controlling the crystal by a heating means such as a laser can be used.
Moreover, well-known materials, such as a powder and a wire, can be used for a solubilizing material.
Moreover, as an analysis means for laminating the same single crystal as the product main body, for example, a well-known analysis means described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-33864 can be used.
[0029]
The object to be manufactured using the present invention can be applied to any case as long as a desired overhanging shape is imparted to the casting. For example, the platform of the turbine rotor blade 200 as shown in FIG. The overhanging portions such as the portion 201 and the shroud portion 211 of the turbine stationary blade 210 can be formed of the same single crystal as the base material.
[0030]
Hereinafter, various embodiments according to the present invention will be described. However, a part of the entire product main body 100 will be omitted, and the contents will be described based on the drawings of the stacked portions of the overhanging portion.
[0031]
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 2 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal laminating method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
Then, as shown in FIG. 2, the shape-imparting mold 101 is brought into contact with the single crystal body (base material) 100 formed in advance by a casting method in the same manner as in the prior art, at the place where the overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed, Thereafter, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 with the heating source 111 in the shape imparting mold 101. Thereafter, the mold 101 is removed, and the product main body having the same single crystal protruding portion 102 as the base material is taken out.
[0032]
Thereby, the overhang | projection part which consists of the same single crystal as a base material can be rapidly formed by a simple method. Conventionally, since the single crystal is grown on the crystal growth promoting path, the pulling speed is slow. However, in the present embodiment, the pulling speed can be increased, so that the manufacturing efficiency is improved. be able to.
[0033]
FIG. 3A shows a modification of the present embodiment, in which the opening of the mold 101 is expanded as it goes upward. Thereby, a part and the whole periphery can be laminated in a tapered shape. In addition, the mold is gradually laminated with a plurality of different shapes, so that the degree of freedom of the shape of the overhanging portion is improved.
[0034]
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the stacking direction of the single crystal body 100 and the overhanging portion 102 is the orthogonal direction, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, FIG. 3 (b) As shown in FIG. 4, the stacking direction of the single crystal body 100 and the overhang portion 102 may be different. Thereby, the freedom degree of a lamination direction improves and various overhang | projection parts can be formed.
[0035]
[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 4 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal lamination method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 4, a single crystal body (base material) 100 in which convex portions 100 a are integrally formed is prepared in advance. The convex portion 100 a is a portion that is the basis of the overhang portion 102. Next, the shape-imparting mold 101 is fitted into the convex portion 100a of the single-crystal body 100, and then the single crystal body is controlled while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 with the heating source 111 in the shape-imparting mold 101. The same single crystal as the main body 100 is laminated.
In addition, the height of the convex part 100a may be a height at which the yield of the single crystal is good and is appropriately set according to the size or shape of the convex part, but is preferably 5 mm or less, more preferably 1-2 mm. It is good to do.
[0036]
Thereby, generation | occurrence | production of the other crystal | crystallization in the part enclosed with the code | symbol X in FIG. 4 can be prevented. Thereby, the overhang | projection part which consists of the same single crystal as a base material can be rapidly formed by a simple method.
[0037]
[Third Embodiment]
5 is a schematic diagram for carrying out the single crystal lamination method of the third embodiment according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 5, a preformed single crystal body (base material) 100 is prepared, and the shape-imparting template 101-1 is placed on the single crystal body 100 at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed. Then, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 with the heating source 111 in the shape imparting mold 101-1. At this time, the stacking height is gradually increased by using the molds 101-1, 101-2, 103-1,.
As described above, since the molds are stacked while being appropriately stacked according to the stacking height so that the molten pool 110 does not become higher than the mold height, interference between the filler supply guide 112 and the mold can be prevented.
[0038]
Further, since the interference between the two is reduced, it is easy to stack the inclined protruding portions 102 while stacking the molds obliquely as shown in FIG. Further, since the molds are individual, the escape of heat to the mold can be suppressed, crystal control can be facilitated, and more stable single crystal lamination can be achieved.
In addition, since a plurality of molds are stacked, the distance from the heating source can always be constant, and the stacking height can be made arbitrary by increasing the number of stacking steps.
[0039]
[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 7 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal lamination method of the fourth embodiment according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 7, a preformed single crystal body (base material) 100 is prepared, and a shape-imparting template 101-1 is placed on the single crystal body 100 at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed. Then, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 with the heating source 111 in the shape imparting mold 101-1. Thereafter, the mold 101-1 is moved upward (stacking direction) to perform the next single crystal stacking.
[0040]
As described above, since the mold is gradually moved, it is possible to prevent the filler material guide 112 and the mold from interfering with each other as in the third embodiment. In addition, the escape of heat to the mold can be suppressed, and crystal control can be facilitated. Further, as the mold moves, the lower side of the mold can be cooled, and heat is released, so that the crystal control becomes easy.
[0041]
[Fifth Embodiment]
8 is a schematic diagram for carrying out the single crystal lamination method of the fifth embodiment according to the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 8, a preformed single crystal body (base material) 100 is prepared, and the shape-imparting template 101-1 is placed on the single crystal body 100 at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is to be formed. Then, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 with the heating source 111 in the shape imparting mold 101-1. Thereafter, the bonding material 120 is placed on the mold 101-1 (in the stacking direction), and the next single crystal stacking is performed. By installing the bonding material 120 in place of the mold, another shape of the bonding material can be bonded to the projecting portion 102. This bonding material is the same single crystal as the base material.
Thus, by using a bonding material instead of a mold, it is possible to stack uneven shapes.
[0042]
[Sixth Embodiment]
FIG. 9 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal laminating method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 9, a preformed single crystal body (base material) 100 is prepared, and the shape-imparting mold 101 is brought into contact with the single crystal body 100 at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed. At the same time, a mold 101 a is further arranged inside the mold 101. Thereafter, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 with the heating source 111 in the shape-imparting molds 101, 101 a, 101.
In this way, by further installing the mold 101a inside the mold 101, recesses such as grooves and screw holes can be formed.
[0043]
[Seventh embodiment]
FIG. 10 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal lamination method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 10, first, a primary overhang portion 102 is formed on the single crystal body (base material) 100 by the method of the first embodiment or the like. Thereafter, the shape-imparting mold 101 is brought into contact with a place where the single crystal laminated portion of the primary overhang portion 102 is formed. Then, the single crystal identical to the single crystal body 100 and the primary overhanging portion 102-1 is laminated while forming the molten pool 110 in the shape-imparting mold 101 by the heating source 111 and controlling the crystals, and the secondary overhanging portion 102 is formed. -2.
Thus, by forming the secondary overhanging portion 102-2 in the primary overhanging portion 102-1, a three-dimensional complicated shape can be easily formed.
[0044]
[Eighth Embodiment]
FIG. 11 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal lamination method according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 11, a preformed single crystal body (base material) 100 is prepared, and a shape-imparting mold 101 is brought into contact with the single crystal body 100 at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed. Then, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is laminated while controlling the crystal while forming the molten pool 110 over the entire surface of the mold 101 by the heating source 111 in the shape imparting mold 101. . In order to spread the molten pool 110 over the entire surface, for example, a multi-beam heating source 111 is used.
[0045]
Thereby, the improvement of a lamination speed can be aimed at.
[0046]
[Ninth Embodiment]
FIG. 12 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal lamination method according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 12, the same single crystal as the single crystal body 100 is stacked in the mold by operating in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Usually, the mold 101 is removed thereafter, but in the present embodiment, this mold is left and used as a composite material (for example, a surface modifying material).
[0047]
Thereby, a high strength composite material having excellent mechanical adhesion can be obtained.
[0048]
In order to improve the strength by integration, fine irregularities may be formed inside the mold 101.
[0049]
[Tenth embodiment]
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram for implementing the entire single crystal lamination method of the present embodiment.
First, as shown in FIG. 13, (a) melting and casting (see FIG. 13 (a)), (b) crystal controlled solidification (see FIG. 13 (b)), and (c) ) Disengage the mold (see FIG. 13C), (d) Then, unnecessary products are removed to obtain the single crystal body 100 (see FIG. 13D). Then, similarly to the second embodiment described above, the shape-imparting mold 101 is fitted and brought into contact with the convex portion 100a, and then the molten pool 110 is placed in the shape-imparting mold 101 by laser heating as the heating source 111. The single crystal identical to the single crystal body 100 is laminated and solidified while controlling the crystal while controlling the output. Thereafter, the mold 101 is removed, and the product main body having the same single crystal protruding portion 102 as the base material is taken out.
[0050]
[Eleventh embodiment]
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of an apparatus for carrying out the single crystal lamination method according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 14, the laminating apparatus according to the present embodiment is a heating source that heats the attitude control device 301 having the clamp 300 and the mold 101 provided on the shroud 211 of the blade 210 held by the clamp 300. It comprises a manipulator 304 having a heating head 302 and a material supply device 303 for supplying a solubilizing material, and a control device 305 for centrally controlling them.
[0051]
Then, using this device, the same single crystal is laminated in the mold 101 by the operation of the control device 305 and the manipulator 304 to form the overhanging portion.
In addition to the centralized control method, the devices here may be controlled individually.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a shape-imparting mold is brought into contact with a preformed single crystal body (base material) at a place where an overhanging single-crystal laminated portion is to be formed, and then the molten pool is heated in the shape-imparting mold. Since the same single crystal as the single crystal body is laminated while controlling the crystal while being formed by the source, an overhang portion made of the same single crystal as the base material can be formed easily and quickly.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a single crystal lamination method of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view for carrying out the single crystal lamination method according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view for carrying out another single crystal lamination method according to the first embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view for carrying out another single crystal lamination method according to the third embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to a fourth embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to a fifth embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to a sixth embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal lamination method according to a seventh embodiment.
FIG. 11 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to an eighth embodiment.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal stacking method according to a ninth embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a process diagram for carrying out the single crystal stacking method according to the tenth embodiment;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view for carrying out a single crystal lamination method according to an eleventh embodiment.
FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a moving blade and a stationary blade of a turbine.
FIG. 16 is a process diagram for carrying out a conventional single crystal stacking method.
FIG. 17 is a schematic view for carrying out a conventional single crystal stacking method.
[Explanation of symbols]
100 Single crystal body (base material)
101 Shape imparting mold 110 Molten pool 111 Heat source 112 Molten material supply guide 200 Rotor blade 210 Stator blade

Claims (11)

A single crystal laminating method for forming a single crystal laminating portion overhanging on a single crystal body,
The shape-imparting mold is brought into contact with the single crystal body at a place where the overhanging single crystal laminate is formed, and then the same single crystal as the single crystal body is laminated while controlling the crystal in the shape-imparting template. A single crystal lamination method characterized by the above. A single crystal laminating method for forming a single crystal laminating portion overhanging on a single crystal body,
A convex portion is formed on a part of the single crystal body, a shape-imparting mold is brought into contact with the convex portion formed on the single-crystal body, and then the single-crystal body main body is controlled while controlling the crystal in the shape-imparting template. A single crystal laminating method, comprising laminating identical single crystals. In claim 1 or 2,
A method of laminating a single crystal, wherein the crystal is grown while gradually laminating the shape-imparting template. In claim 3,
A method of laminating a single crystal, characterized in that when the shape-imparting mold is gradually laminated, a crystal is grown while laminating a bonding material instead of the mold. In claim 1 or 2,
A single crystal stacking method comprising: forming a single crystal primary stack on the single crystal body, and then forming a single crystal secondary stack on the primary stack. In claim 1 or 2,
A method of laminating a single crystal, comprising gradually laminating crystals in the shape-imparting mold while spreading the molten pool over the entire mold. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 6,
A method of laminating a single crystal, wherein the shape-imparting template is removed. A single crystal laminating apparatus for forming a single crystal laminating portion overhanging on a single crystal body,
A shape-imparting mold installed at a place where an overhanging single crystal laminated portion is formed with respect to the single crystal body, a material supply means for supplying a solubilizing material into the mold, and a heating source for heating the supplied solubilizing material. A single crystal laminating apparatus comprising: a single crystal overhanging portion that is the same as the single crystal body while controlling the crystal in a mold. In claim 8 ,
A single crystal laminating apparatus, wherein the shape-imparting mold is fitted to a convex portion formed on a single crystal body. In claim 8 or 9 ,
The single crystal stacking apparatus, wherein the shape imparting mold is movable. In claim 8 or 9 ,
A single crystal laminating apparatus, wherein the shape-imparting molds can be stacked.

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