JP4131537B2 - Parallel shaft gear transmission - Google Patents

Parallel shaft gear transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4131537B2
JP4131537B2 JP2002207198A JP2002207198A JP4131537B2 JP 4131537 B2 JP4131537 B2 JP 4131537B2 JP 2002207198 A JP2002207198 A JP 2002207198A JP 2002207198 A JP2002207198 A JP 2002207198A JP 4131537 B2 JP4131537 B2 JP 4131537B2
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JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
gear
clutch
clutch hub
small
gear transmission
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2002207198A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2004052798A (en
Inventor
幸彦 武内
啓一 石澤
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hitachi Nico Transmission Co Ltd
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Hitachi Nico Transmission Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Priority to JP2002207198A priority Critical patent/JP4131537B2/en
Publication of JP2004052798A publication Critical patent/JP2004052798A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP4131537B2 publication Critical patent/JP4131537B2/en
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Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
この発明は、船舶、車両、産業機械などに使用される、多板式クラッチを備えた平行軸形歯車伝動装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
多板クラッチを備え、歯車を支持する軸が互いに平行に配設された従来の歯車減速装置または歯車増速装置においては、高速軸上に回転自在に支持された小歯車に隣接して多板式クラッチが設置され、この多板式クラッチを嵌、脱することにより機関からの動力を接続したり、遮断したりして出力軸を回転させている。
【0003】
このような歯車伝動装置においては、機関からの動力の伝達にハスバ歯車や平歯車などの円筒歯車が使用されており、多板式クラッチに隣接するこの小歯車は、クラッチ板が係合するスプラインを形成したクラッチハブ部と一体に形成されている。しかしながら、小歯車をクラッチハブ部のスプラインと一体に形成する場合に、小歯車の歯数をある一定歯数以下に減らすと、図6に示されるように、歯車端部まで歯切工具が移動した際に歯切工具Kの刃先部がクラッチハブ部8のスプライン23干渉してスプラインを同時に切削することになり、少歯数の歯車の製作は困難であった。なお、図6には、歯切工具Kの刃先部の軌跡Rが示されると共に、スプライン23に対する干渉領域Tが示されている。
【0004】
すなわち、一般的に、クラッチハブ部のスプラインの外径は使用するクラッチのサイズによって定まり、歯切工具の寸法は製作する歯車のモジュールによって定まるので、クラッチハブ部のスプラインの外径や歯切工具の大きさは、専ら、許容される伝達トルクの大きさに依存し、これらの寸法を小さくするには限界があった。なお、歯切工具の刃先部とクラッチハブ部のスプラインとの干渉を避ける方法として、歯切工具の加工終り位置をクラッチハブ部と干渉しない位置まで軸方向にずらす、すなわち、小歯車とクラッチハブ部との間に充分な間隔を置くことも考えられるが、同一ケーシング内で幅広い範囲の歯数比を得る標準型の歯車伝動装置では、軸方向の寸法が制約されているので、両者の間隔を広くすることは、殆ど不可能である。
【0005】
このため、より大きな歯数比を取りたい場合や中心距離を狭めて歯車伝動装置を小型化したい場合には、図5に示されるように、別体に形成したクラッチハブ部を小歯車9に溶接し、クラッチハブ部と一体のより少歯数の小歯車を得ている。しかしながら、このような溶接構造を有するクラッチハブ部と一体の小歯車は、動力伝達部材としての強度を確保するために、溶接部における確実な溶接と溶接による変形を最小限に留めることが要請されるので、特殊な溶接、すなわち、電子ビーム溶接が採用されている。また、一体の部品2分割して製造することとなるので、全体の製造に時間を要し、高価になる欠点があった。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
この発明は、このような従来の欠点を有しない、すなわち、小歯車を、クラッチハブ部と一体でかつ両者の間隔を大きくすることなく、さらに、重量を増大させることなく製造してより少歯数の歯車とし、小型、軽量化された平行軸形歯車伝動装置を提供することを目的としている。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために、この発明は、多板式クラッチにおけるクラッチハブ部と一体に形成された円錐形インボリュート小歯車と、この小歯車と噛み合う円錐形インボリュート大歯車とからなり、これらの小歯車と大歯車の各軸の軸心に対する円錐角が2〜5度の範囲にある平行軸形歯車伝動装置において、前記小歯車を、製造に当たり、その大径部をクラッチハブ部と隣接する側とし、回転工具を大径部の端まで移動したときにその工具刃先部がクラッチハブ部のスプラインに干渉しない位置まで径方向にずれるようにして製造した最少歯数の歯車としたことを特徴とするものである。
【0008】
なお、多板式クラッチが油圧多板式クラッチであるのが好ましく、前記小歯車は、その歯幅中央における歯底円径がクラッチハブ部の外径より小さいものが好ましい。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、この発明の実施例を図に示された舶用減速逆転機に適用された平行軸形歯車伝動装置について説明する。なお、図中、同一または相当部分については同一符号が付されている。
【0010】
図1において、1は図示しない機関からの動力が入力接手2を介して入力される入力軸であり、前進時には、機関からの動力が、入力軸1に固定された逆転駆動歯車3、クラッチピストン4により作動される前進用油圧クラッチ5の入力側クラッチ板6と出力側クラッチ板7を経て、クラッチハブ部8と一体に形成た小歯車である前進用ピニオン9に伝えられる。前進用ピニオン9に伝えられた動力は、この小歯車である前進用ピニオン9と噛み合う、入力軸1と平行に配設された出力軸10に固定されている大歯車11によって減速して出力軸10に伝えられ、出力接手12を介して図示しないプロペラを駆動する。
【0011】
後進時には、機関からの動力が、図3に示されるように、入力軸1に固定された逆転駆動歯車3と噛み合う、入力軸1と平行に配設された逆転軸20に固定された逆転被動歯車13、クラッチピストン14により作動される後進用油圧クラッチ15の入力側クラッチ板16と出力側クラッチ板17を経て、クラッチハブ部18と一体に形成た小歯車である後進用ピニオン19に伝えられる。後進用ピニオン19に伝えられた動力は、この小歯車である後進用ピニオン19と噛み合う、平行に配設された出力軸10に固定されている大歯車11によって減速して出力軸10に伝えられ、出力接手12を介して図示しないプロペラを駆動する。
【0012】
これらの歯車伝動装置と油圧クラッチ5および15はケーシング21内に収容され、入力軸1、出力軸10および逆転軸20は、それぞれの軸受22を介してこのケーシング21に支持されている。小歯車である各ピニオン9および19は、それぞれクラッチハブ部8および18と一体に形成され、これらのクラッチハブ部8および18には、出力側クラッチ板7および17が係合するスプライン23が形成されている。そして、各ピニオン9および19は軸受メタル25によって、入力軸1および逆転軸20に回転自在に支持されている。なお、24は油圧クラッチ5および15のバックプレートである。
【0013】
各ピニオン9および19とそれに噛み合う大歯車11は、この発明にしたがって、それぞれ円錐形インボリュート歯車で構成され小歯車である各ピニオン9,19は、小径部と大径部の中央における点Poの歯底円直径すなわち歯底円径dクラッチハブ部の外径より小さくしても、各軸の軸心に対して約2度の円錐角αを有しているので、製造に当たり、クラッチハブ部8,18に隣接する側に位置している大径部の端まで歯切工具が移動したときには、工具刃先部クラッチハブ部のスプラインに干渉しない位置まで径方向にずれることができる。なお、円錐形インボリュート歯車は、転位係数が軸方向に直線的に変化するので、歯車の軸心に対する円錐角αの大きさは、マイナス転位係数をとる小径部の切り下げ限界と、プラス転位係数をとる大径部の尖り限界との兼ね合いによって決まり、歯幅が大きくなるにつれて取りうる円錐角αの大きさは小さくなる。すなわち、伝達トルクの大きい歯車は取りうる円錐角αが小さくなり、伝達トルクの小さい歯車は円錐角αを大きく取れるが、転位歯形による歯車強度への影響を考慮すると、各ピニオン9および19と大歯車11の各軸の軸心に対する円錐角αは2〜5度の範囲とすることが好ましい
【0014】
かくして、製造に当たり、小歯車の最小歯数を容易に実現することができ、このような小歯車を採用することにより、より大きな歯数比(減速比または増速比)を容易に得ることができる共に、各軸間の距離を狭めることができるので、歯車伝動装置を小型化かつ軽量化することができる。図1〜3に示された具体例の場合には、従来の円筒形小歯車と軸間距離が同じときには、減速比を約15%大きくすることができ、減速比が同じときには、軸間距離を約10%短縮することができる。なお、一般的に、歯車伝動装置の重量は、軸間距離の二乗に比例するといわれており、10%の軸間距離の短縮は、約19%の重量の軽減があるものと考えられる。
【0015】
【発明の効果】
この発明によれば、多板式クラッチにおけるクラッチハブ部と一体に形成された円錐形インボリュート小歯車と、この小歯車と噛み合う円錐形インボリュート大歯車とからなり、これらの小歯車と大歯車の各軸の軸心に対する円錐角が2〜5度の範囲にある平行軸形歯車伝動装置において、小歯車を、製造に当たり、その大径部をクラッチハブ部と隣接する側とし、回転工具を大径部の端まで移動したときにその工具刃先部がクラッチハブ部のスプラインに干渉しない位置まで径方向にずれるようにして製造した最少歯数の歯車としたので、クラッチハブ部と一体の小歯車の歯数比を小さくすることができ、減速比または増速比を容易に大きくすることができると共に、歯車伝動装置の小型化、軽量化を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 図1は、この発明の平行軸形歯車伝動装置を適用した舶用減速逆転機の(図2のAーA線に沿う)要部断面図である。
【図2】 図2は、図1の舶用減速逆転機の側面図である。
【図3】 図3は、図2のB線に沿う要部断面図である。
【図4】 図4は、この発明の装置のクラッチハブ部一体の小歯車の加工状態を説明する説明図である。
【図5】 従来の歯車減速逆転機の要部断面図である。
【図6】 図6は、円筒歯車とクラッチハブ部が一体の小歯車の加工状態を説明する説明図である。
【符号の説明】
1 入力軸
3 逆転駆動歯車
5 前進用油圧クラッチ
8、18 クラッチハブ部
9、19 小歯車(前、後進用ピニオン)
10 出力軸
11 大歯車
13 逆転被動歯車
15 後進用油圧クラッチ
20 逆転軸
21 ケーシング
23 スプライン
K 歯切工具
R 歯切工具の刃先部の軌跡
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a parallel shaft type gear transmission equipped with a multi-plate clutch used in ships, vehicles, industrial machines and the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a conventional gear reduction device or gear speed increasing device provided with a multi-plate clutch and supporting shafts arranged parallel to each other, the multi-plate type is adjacent to the small gear rotatably supported on the high-speed shaft. A clutch is installed, and the output shaft is rotated by connecting or disconnecting power from the engine by engaging and disengaging the multi-plate clutch.
[0003]
In such a gear transmission, a cylindrical gear such as a helical gear or a spur gear is used to transmit power from the engine, and this small gear adjacent to the multi-plate clutch has a spline engaged with the clutch plate. It is formed integrally with the formed clutch hub portion. However, when the small gear is formed integrally with the spline of the clutch hub portion, if the number of teeth of the small gear is reduced below a certain number of teeth, the gear cutting tool moves to the gear end as shown in FIG. At this time, the cutting edge portion of the gear cutting tool K interferes with the spline 23 of the clutch hub portion 8 and cuts the spline at the same time, making it difficult to manufacture a gear having a small number of teeth. In FIG. 6, the locus R of the cutting edge portion of the gear cutting tool K is shown, and the interference region T with respect to the spline 23 is shown.
[0004]
That is, in general, the outer diameter of the spline in the clutch hub is determined by the size of the clutch to be used, and the dimension of the gear cutting tool is determined by the gear module to be manufactured. the size of exclusively dependent on the magnitude of the transfer torque allowed, there is a limit to you reduce these dimensions. As a method of avoiding interference between the cutting edge portion of the gear cutting tool and the spline of the clutch hub portion, the processing end position of the gear cutting tool is shifted in the axial direction to a position where it does not interfere with the clutch hub portion, that is, the small gear and the clutch hub. It is conceivable to leave a sufficient distance between the two parts, but in the standard gear transmission that obtains a wide range of gear ratio in the same casing, the axial dimension is limited, so the distance between them It is almost impossible to widen.
[0005]
For this reason, when it is desired to obtain a larger gear ratio or to reduce the gear transmission by reducing the center distance, the clutch hub portion 8 formed separately is connected to the small gear 9 as shown in FIG. To obtain a small gear with a smaller number of teeth integrated with the clutch hub. However, the small gear integral with the clutch hub portion having such a welded structure, in order to ensure the strength of the as a power transmission member, be minimized deformation by reliable welding and welding in the welding portion As required, special welding, that is, electron beam welding is employed. Further, since the Rukoto be produced is divided into two integral parts, takes time to overall manufacturing, there is a problem to be expensive.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has no such conventional drawbacks, i.e., the small gear, without increasing the distance between a and both integral with the clutch hub portion, further wave dissipating more manufactured without increasing the weight It is an object of the present invention to provide a parallel shaft type gear transmission that has a small number and a reduced weight.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
To achieve the above object, the present invention comprises a conical involute pinion formed integrally with the clutch hub portion in the multi-plate clutch, Ri Do and a conical involute gear wheel which meshes with the small gear, the small In the parallel shaft type gear transmission in which the cone angle with respect to the axis of each axis of the gear and the large gear is in the range of 2 to 5 degrees , the small gear is manufactured, and its large diameter portion is adjacent to the clutch hub portion. It is characterized in that it is a gear with the minimum number of teeth manufactured so that when the rotary tool is moved to the end of the large diameter part, the tool cutting edge part is displaced in the radial direction to a position where it does not interfere with the spline of the clutch hub part. To do .
[0008]
Incidentally, it is preferable multi-plate clutch is a hydraulic multi-plate clutch, wherein the pinion has an outer diameter smaller than that of the root circle diameter sepal Ratchihabu portion in the tooth width center of that is preferable.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A parallel shaft gear transmission applied to a marine speed reduction reverser shown in the drawings will be described below. In the drawings, the same or corresponding parts are denoted by the same reference numerals.
[0010]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes an input shaft to which power from an engine (not shown) is input via an input joint 2, and at the time of advance, power from the engine is a reverse drive gear 3 fixed to the input shaft 1, a clutch piston. 4 through the input-side clutch plate 6 and the output side clutch plate 7 forward hydraulic clutch 5 is operated by and transmitted to the forward pinion 9 is a pinion which is formed integrally with the clutch hub portion 8. The power transmitted to the forward pinion 9 is decelerated by the large gear 11 that is engaged with the forward pinion 9 that is the small gear and is fixed to the output shaft 10 that is arranged in parallel with the input shaft 1 and is output to the output shaft. The propeller (not shown) is driven via the output joint 12.
[0011]
At the time of reverse travel, the power from the engine, as shown in FIG. 3, meshes with the reverse drive gear 3 fixed to the input shaft 1, and the reverse driven fixed to the reverse shaft 20 disposed parallel to the input shaft 1. gear 13, via the input clutch plate 16 and the output side clutch plate 17 of the reverse hydraulic clutch 15 operated by the clutch piston 14, conveyed to the reverse pinion 19 is a small gear which is formed integrally with the clutch hub portion 18 It is done. The power transmitted to the reverse pinion 19 is decelerated by the large gear 11 fixed to the output shaft 10 disposed in parallel and meshed with the reverse pinion 19 which is the small gear, and transmitted to the output shaft 10. A propeller (not shown) is driven via the output joint 12.
[0012]
The gear transmission and the hydraulic clutches 5 and 15 are accommodated in a casing 21, and the input shaft 1, the output shaft 10, and the reverse rotation shaft 20 are supported by the casing 21 via respective bearings 22. The pinions 9 and 19 which are small gears are formed integrally with the clutch hub portions 8 and 18 respectively, and the clutch hub portions 8 and 18 are formed with splines 23 to which the output side clutch plates 7 and 17 are engaged. Has been. Each pinion 9 and 19 is rotatably supported by the input shaft 1 and the reverse rotation shaft 20 by a bearing metal 25. Reference numeral 24 denotes a back plate of the hydraulic clutches 5 and 15.
[0013]
Large gear 11 meshing therewith and each pinion 9 and 19, in accordance with the present invention, Ru is composed of conical involute gear, respectively. The pinions 9 and 19 which are small gears can be connected to the shafts of the respective shafts even if the root diameter of the point Po at the center of the small diameter portion and the large diameter portion, that is, the root diameter d is smaller than the outer diameter of the clutch hub portion. because it has a cone angle α of approximately 2 ° to the heart, per the manufacture, when the gear cutting tool is moved to the end of the large-diameter portion located on the side adjacent to the clutch hub portion 8, 18 Can shift in the radial direction to a position where the tool cutting edge does not interfere with the spline of the clutch hub. Incidentally, the conical involute gear, the addendum modification coefficient that you changed linearly in the axial direction, the size of the cone angle α with respect to the axis of the gear, a devaluation limitations of the small-diameter portion taking negative addendum modification coefficient, plus dislocation It is determined by the balance with the sharpness limit of the large-diameter portion that takes the coefficient, and the size of the cone angle α that can be taken becomes smaller as the tooth width becomes larger. That is, a gear having a large transmission torque has a smaller cone angle α, and a gear having a small transmission torque can have a large cone angle α. However, considering the influence of the shift tooth profile on the gear strength, each pinion 9 and 19 has a large cone angle α. The cone angle α with respect to the axis of each axis of the gear 11 is preferably in the range of 2 to 5 degrees.
Thus, it strikes the manufacture, Ki de is possible to easily realize the minimum number of teeth of the pinion, such by adopting small gear, obtain larger tooth number ratio (speed reduction ratio or speed increasing ratio) easily Since the distance between each axis can be reduced, the gear transmission can be reduced in size and weight. In the case of the specific examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, when the distance between the shafts is the same as that of the conventional cylindrical gear, the reduction ratio can be increased by about 15%, and when the reduction ratio is the same, the distance between the axes. Can be reduced by about 10%. In general, the weight of the gear transmission is said to be proportional to the square of the inter-axis distance, and a reduction in the inter-axis distance of 10% is considered to reduce the weight by about 19%.
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a conical involute small gear integrally formed with a clutch hub portion in a multi-plate clutch and a conical involute large gear meshing with the small gear are provided. In the parallel shaft type gear transmission in which the conical angle with respect to the shaft center is in the range of 2 to 5 degrees , in manufacturing , the small gear has its large diameter portion adjacent to the clutch hub portion, and the rotary tool is the large diameter portion. Since the gear with the minimum number of teeth manufactured so that the tool cutting edge is radially displaced to a position where it does not interfere with the spline of the clutch hub when moved to the end of the gear, the tooth of the small gear integrated with the clutch hub is obtained. The number ratio can be reduced, the reduction ratio or the speed increase ratio can be easily increased , and the gear transmission can be reduced in size and weight.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an essential part (along line AA in FIG. 2) of a marine speed reduction reverser to which a parallel shaft gear transmission of the present invention is applied.
FIG. 2 is a side view of the marine deceleration reverser of FIG.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part taken along line B in FIG.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory view for explaining a machining state of a small gear integrated with a clutch hub portion of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a conventional gear reduction reverse rotation machine.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a machining state of a small gear in which a cylindrical gear and a clutch hub are integrated.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Input shaft 3 Reverse drive gear 5 Forward hydraulic clutch 8, 18 Clutch hub 9, 19 Small gear (forward, reverse pinion)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Output shaft 11 Large gear 13 Reverse driven gear 15 Reverse hydraulic clutch 20 Reverse shaft 21 Casing 23 Spline K Hobbing tool R Trajectory of cutting edge part of hobbing tool

Claims (1)

多板式クラッチにおけるクラッチハブ部と一体に形成された円錐形インボリュート小歯車と、この小歯車と噛み合う円錐形インボリュート大歯車とからなり、これらの小歯車と大歯車の各軸の軸心に対する円錐角が2〜5度の範囲にある平行軸形歯車伝動装置において、前記小歯車を、製造に当たり、その大径部をクラッチハブ部と隣接する側とし、回転工具を大径部の端まで移動したときにその工具刃先部がクラッチハブ部のスプラインに干渉しない位置まで径方向にずれるようにして製造した最少歯数の歯車としたことを特徴とする平行軸形歯車伝動装置。A conical involute pinion formed integrally with the clutch hub portion in the multi-plate clutch, Ri Do and a conical involute gear wheel which meshes with the small gear, cone against the axis of each axis of the small gear and the large gear In a parallel shaft type gear transmission having an angle in the range of 2 to 5 degrees , in manufacturing, the small gear is moved to the end of the large diameter portion with the large diameter portion being a side adjacent to the clutch hub portion. A parallel-shaft gear transmission characterized in that a gear with the minimum number of teeth is manufactured such that the tool cutting edge is radially displaced to a position where it does not interfere with the spline of the clutch hub .
JP2002207198A 2002-07-16 2002-07-16 Parallel shaft gear transmission Expired - Fee Related JP4131537B2 (en)

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CN104358830A (en) * 2014-10-27 2015-02-18 宁波东力机械制造有限公司 Transmission chain coupling mechanism with adjustable phase
CN108679165B (en) * 2018-07-16 2023-10-03 浙江联宜电机有限公司 Small-size reduction gearbox

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