JP4109481B2 - Opening structure of building, construction method of opening, and decorative edge - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an opening structure of a building and a method of constructing the opening, and more particularly, a structure of an opening such as a window or an entrance of a building, a method of constructing such an opening, and an attachment to the opening. It is intended for decorative borders.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In a building such as a house, the window structure is generally such that a sash frame is fitted into an opening penetrating the outer wall, and a decorative edge is attached to cover the space between the sash frame and the wall surface on the indoor side. is there.
The decorative border is often made of a wood-based material such as natural wood, and functions to enhance design and appearance.
There is a gap between the decorative edge and the end face of the wall material, and a wooden base material such as natural wood is arranged in the gap to position and fix the decorative edge.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the building window structure described above, condensation is likely to occur on the surface of the glass window and sash frame, and this condensation also penetrates into the wall surface, generating flaws inside the wall, and corroding and deteriorating the wall material. There is a problem of promoting.
Condensed water generated on the surfaces of the glass window and the sash frame falls on the decorative edge, penetrates into the decorative edge, and enters the end face of the wall material on the back side of the decorative edge. It may enter the end face of the wall material from the gap between the decorative edge and the sash frame. In addition, condensed water may be generated on the surface of the sash portion existing in the space behind the decorative edge.
[0004]
Since a water-blocking material can be laminated on the surface of the wall material as necessary, it is possible to prevent moisture from penetrating through the wall material. Condensed water easily enters the water-absorbing material layer constituting the material.
In recent years, a composite building panel in which an exterior material, a heat insulating material, an interior material, and the like constituting an outer wall are attached to a rectangular steel frame and integrated in an industrial house or the like is sometimes used. In the case of such a composite building panel, since the end face of each layer material is exposed in the opening, intrusion of condensed water easily occurs. In particular, interior materials placed on the indoor side are often made of materials with relatively high hygroscopicity such as fiber materials and porous materials. Defects such as discoloration and swelling appear on the surface.
[0005]
An object of the present invention is to effectively prevent the intrusion of condensed water into the wall material at the opening of the building as described above, and to reduce the generation of condensed water in the space behind the decorative edge.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The opening structure of a building according to the present invention is a structure of an opening that penetrates the outer wall of the building, and is an interior material that is disposed on the indoor side of the outer wall adjacent to the opening and has an end surface exposed to the opening. And an decorative edge that is disposed along the inner peripheral edge of the opening on the indoor side and covers an end surface of the interior material, and an exposed end surface of the interior material on the back side of the decorative edge on the inner peripheral lower side of the opening. A moisture absorbing / releasing sheet interposed therebetween.
[Building opening]
It is applied to various openings provided through an outer wall in a house, office building, factory, or other building. For example, there are windows, doorways, ventilation openings, article conveyance openings, piping and cable insertion openings, and the like. In particular, the present invention is applied to an opening in which a window glass or a glass door where condensation is likely to occur is installed. It is effective for openings where materials with high heat conductivity such as aluminum sash are used.
[0007]
As a basic structure of the opening, an opening that penetrates the wall material is provided, and an opening frame such as a sash frame or a wooden frame is disposed along the inner peripheral edge of the opening, that is, the end surface of the wall material. The boundary between the opening frame and the wall material is constructed with a sufficient water-tight structure on the outdoor side by applying a sealant treatment or the like. On the indoor side, decorative edges and the like are installed in order to improve the design.
In the case of construction of industrialized housing, etc., a composite building panel is prepared in which exterior materials, heat insulating materials, interior materials, etc. are integrally laminated on a rectangular steel frame that becomes a framework structure, and openings are provided in advance. Things are also done.
[0008]
[Interior material]
Of the outer wall provided with the opening, it constitutes the indoor side.
Basically, the materials and structures of interior materials in ordinary buildings are applied.
Specific examples of the interior material include plywood, gypsum board, wood fiber integrated board, particle board, synthetic resin foam board, wall tile, and wallpaper. As an interior material, a hygroscopic material that absorbs excessive moisture in the indoor space may be used. There is also known an interior material having a humidity control function of absorbing or releasing moisture depending on the humidity condition of the indoor space.
[0009]
In general, a base plate material is placed on the surface of steel frames, wooden columns, beams, etc., which are the frame structure of the wall, and an interior base material such as gypsum board is placed on the surface, on the outermost surface exposed indoors A plurality of material layers are laminated, such as a cover material such as wallpaper.
[Decoration edge]
Basically, the same technique as the decorative edge in a normal building is applied. The decorative edge is constructed so as to cover the boundary between the wall material and the frame material of the opening along the indoor side edge at the inner peripheral edge of the opening. In the case of a rectangular opening, decorative edges are constructed on each of the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides.
[0010]
As the material for the decorative edge, usually, a wooden material such as natural wood is often used in order to enhance the interior decoration effect and design, and to improve the texture such as touch. Since such a costly material is used, the decorative edge has a relatively thin plate shape. Synthetic resin, metal, ceramic, etc. can also be used as a material for the decorative border.
The decorative edge covers at least the end face of the interior material exposed in the opening in the opening. When an opening frame such as an aluminum sash is fitted into the opening, the decorative edge covers the wall material exposed from the indoor side end surface of the opening frame to the opening, particularly the end surface of the interior material. At the inner peripheral edge on the indoor side of the opening, if the decorative edge extends along the surface of the interior material to the outside of the opening with a certain width, the inner peripheral edge of the opening can be covered with good appearance.
[0011]
[Moisture absorption / release sheet]
On the lower side of the inner periphery of the opening, it is interposed between the exposed end surface of the interior material on the back side of the decorative edge.
It penetrates into the back side of the decorative edge and absorbs and retains moisture and condensed water that try to enter the interior of the interior from the end face of the interior. After that, if the humidity in the surrounding environment decreases, the absorbed moisture is released to the outside. Condensation and moisture ingress occur temporarily or intermittently, such as in the morning or during rain, and the surrounding environment becomes dry during daytime or in fine weather. As a result, absorption and retention of moisture and condensed water and moisture release by the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet are repeated, and moisture intrusion into the interior material can be prevented for a long period of time.
[0012]
As the material of the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet, various synthetic resins or natural materials can be used as long as the above functions can be exhibited. A hydrophilic material is preferred. As a specific material for the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet, a PVA-based sheet using a PVA resin can be used. A sheet in which a hygroscopic material is supported on a woven or non-woven fabric can also be used.
The thing of 5-50 cc / m < ² > (humidity 60-100%) of moisture absorption can be used. Preferably, it is 10-50cc / m < ² > (humidity 80-100%).
If the moisture-absorbing / releasing sheet is flexible and can be disposed in close contact with the end face of the interior material, it is difficult for moisture to enter the interior material through a gap with the interior material.
[0013]
The moisture absorbing / releasing sheet may be disposed only on the end surface of the interior material, or may be bonded with an adhesive or the like. It may be fixed with nails, fastened with metal fittings, or pressed against the interior material side with metal fittings or decorative edges.
The moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is disposed in a position and shape that at least covers the end face of the interior material. It is also possible to block up to the end face of the wall material other than the interior material. However, it is preferable that the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet does not become an intrusion path for moisture or the like so as not to be exposed to the outdoor exposed surface of the outer wall.
Of the inner periphery of the opening, it is preferable to place the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet on the lower side of the inner periphery where the end face of the interior material is exposed upward and the condensed water falls. Although the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet can be arranged on the inner circumference measurement side or the inner circumference upper side, it can be omitted if not necessary. You may arrange | position the moisture absorption / release sheet | seat in the lower part of an inner peripheral lower side and an inner peripheral side edge.
[0014]
[Back filling material]
A back-filling material that fills the space formed between the wall material and the opening frame on the back side of the decorative edge can be used. In particular, it can be arranged in a space between the decorative edge and the wall material at a portion where the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet does not exist.
As the material for the back-filling material, a material that is easily deformable and has a water shielding property and heat insulating property is preferable. By having water shielding properties, moisture such as condensed water that has entered the back side of the decorative edge can be prevented from passing through the back filling material to the wall material side such as the interior material. By having the heat insulating property, it is possible to improve the heat insulating property of the wall surface at the decorative edge construction site, or to prevent the occurrence of condensation on the surface of the sash frame in the space behind the decorative edge. By being easily deformable, the back-filling material can be attached to the wall material and the frame material in close contact with no gap. On the end face of the wall material and the surface of the frame material, there are irregularities necessary for the function, metal projections, and the like. When the back-filling material is pressed against these irregularities, the back-filling material is easily deformed so that it can be adhered without gaps. By attaching the backing material closely to the wall material or the like, it is possible to reliably block the passage of moisture.
[0015]
As a material having such a function, a foam of a synthetic resin such as polystyrene, polyurethane, or phenol can be used. As the foam, one having an open cell structure is not preferable because water easily penetrates and passes therethrough. Those having a closed cell structure are difficult for moisture to pass through. Those with a higher expansion ratio are more easily deformed. If the expansion ratio is too high, shape maintainability is inferior. A foaming ratio in the range of 10 to 50 times can be used.
The shape of the back filling material is set according to the shape of the space existing between the wall material of the opening to be attached and the decorative edge. Usually, it is set to a columnar shape with a rectangular cross section. Polygonal cross-sections other than rectangles, L-shaped cross-sections, and shapes with some irregularities can also be employed.
[0016]
[Construction method]
Except for constructing the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet, basically the same technique as the construction method of the opening in a normal building is applied.
Usually, an opening frame such as a sash frame or a wooden frame is fitted into the opening formed on the wall surface. However, an opening frame is arrange | positioned to the part of an exterior material, a steel frame, or a column material among wall materials, and is not arrange | positioned to the part of an interior material.
Cover the end face of the interior material and attach a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet. If necessary, the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is bonded to the end face of the interior material or other wall material or opening frame.
[0017]
A backfilling material can be placed in the gap between the opening frame and the wall material. If the back-filling material is easily deformable, the gap can be reliably filled by deformation corresponding to the projections projecting on the opening frame or the wall material, or irregularities such as nail heads. For fixing the backing material, a normal fixing means such as an adhesive, a nail or a screw nail can be applied. The backing material may be fixed by attaching a decorative edge.
After the moisture-absorbing / releasing sheet and back-filling material are applied, attach the decorative edge. The decorative edge is simply fitted into the wall of the opening or the inside of the opening frame, joined using an adhesive, or fixed with a fixing bracket such as a nail, screw nail, or rivet.
[0018]
Furthermore, if necessary, finish painting can be applied to the decorative edge and the wall surface on the indoor side, or a watertight treatment can be performed between the decorative edge and the opening frame.
[Decorated edge with moisture absorbing / releasing sheet]
If the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is attached in advance to the back side of the decorative edge, it is possible to save the trouble of separately attaching the decorative edge and the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet when constructing the opening. The unity between the decorative edge and the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is also increased.
In order to attach the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet to the decorative edge, fixing means for ordinary building members such as adhesion, engagement, nailing and screwing can be employed.
[0019]
If the backfilling material is attached to the decorative edge in addition to the moisture-absorbing / releasing sheet, the work of installing the backfilling material can be saved.
[0020]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Overall structure of opening)
The opening 10 of the building shown in FIG. 1 is a window provided on the outer wall of a general house, and shows a front shape on the indoor side. The opening 10 has a rectangular shape as a whole, and a sliding type glass shoji 20 is attached. A decorative edge 60 is attached to each side of the inner periphery of the opening 10. On the lower side of the inner periphery of the opening 10, the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 40 is disposed on the back side of the decorative edge 60.
[Cross-sectional structure of the opening]
As shown in detail in FIG. 2, the opening 10 is surrounded by a wall panel 40 composed of a composite building panel.
[0021]
In the wall panel 40, an exterior material 46 made of a cement plate or the like is attached to the side of the panel frame 44 formed by assembling a steel mold or the like facing the outdoor O via a base crosspiece 45. On the side of the panel frame 44 facing the indoor I, an interior material 42 made of plywood, gypsum board, wallpaper or the like is laminated. Although not shown, a heat insulating material made of glass wool or the like is filled in the internal space of the panel frame 44 between the exterior material 46 and the interior material 42.
The end surface of the wall panel 40 is exposed at the inner peripheral edge of the opening 10. Specifically, the end surfaces of the layers constituting the interior material 42 are exposed to the opening 10.
[0022]
A window sash frame 22 is attached to the outdoor side of the opening 10. A glass shoji 20 is fitted into the sash frame 22. A screen door 23 is also attached to the outdoor side of the glass shoji 20. On the outer wall side facing the outdoor O, a caulking material or the like is filled between the sash frame 22 and the exterior material 46 to construct a watertight structure.
The interior side of the opening 10 is covered with a decorative edge 60 from the sash frame 22 through the end surface of the wall panel 40 to the indoor wall surface.
The decorative edge 60 is made of a wood material, and extends in the direction orthogonal to the horizontal piece 62 extending along the inner periphery of the opening 10, that is, the end face of the wall panel 40, and from the outdoor side end of the horizontal piece 62. The vertical piece 64 that covers the indoor side and the vertical piece 66 that extends in the direction orthogonal to the indoor side end of the horizontal piece 62 and covers the indoor side surface of the interior material 42, are entirely S-shaped or Z-shaped. I am doing.
[0023]
The decorative edge 60 is arranged on all four sides of the opening 10 in the upper and lower sides and the left and right sides. Among them, a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 (Bellshade: trade name, manufactured by Aion Co., Ltd.) made of a PVA-based sheet having a thickness of 0.1 to 0.5 mm is arranged on the back surface of the decorative edge 60 on the inner peripheral lower side of the opening 10. Has been. The moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 is disposed in close contact with the end surface of the interior material 42. The moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 covers the entire end surface of the interior material 42 and a part of the panel frame 44.
On the inner peripheral upper side and the left and right sides of the opening 10, the back surface of the decorative edge 60 may be in contact with the end surface of the interior material 42, or either the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 or the elastic sheet 32 made of EPDM rubber or the like. May be arranged. The elastic sheet 32 does not have moisture absorption / release properties.
[0024]
On the back surface of the decorative edge 60, a substantially rectangular space is provided between the sash frame 22 and the surface of the wall panel 40. A back-filling material 30 made of polyethylene foam is attached to this space. The back-filling material 30 has a substantially rectangular cross section, and has irregularities according to the irregularities of the sash frame 22 and the decorative edge 60. By pressing the back-filling material 30 manufactured in advance in a rectangular cross section against the sash frame 22 or press-contacting it with the decorative edge 60, it can be deformed into the above-mentioned uneven shape, and the gap can be reliably closed.
(Function of opening)
In the structure of the opening 10 constructed as described above, dew condensation may occur on the indoor surface of the glass shoji 20 or the sash frame 22 due to the temperature difference between inside and outside the house. The generated condensed water falls along the glass shoji 20 and the sash frame 22 and adheres to the surface of the decorative edge 60, or enters the back side of the decorative edge 60 from the gap between the decorative edge 60 and the sash frame 22. To do. In the case where the decorative edge 60 is made of a wood material having water permeability, moisture that has permeated the decorative edge 60 may ooze out on the back side of the decorative edge 60.
[0025]
However, since the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 is disposed on the lower side of the inner periphery of the opening 10 so as to cover the end face of the interior material 42 on the back side of the decorative edge 60, all moisture that has entered the back side of the decorative edge 60 is absorbed. Absorbed and held by the moisture release sheet 50. Moisture does not enter the interior material 42, and discoloration or deterioration of the interior material 42 can be prevented. It is possible to prevent mold from being generated inside the interior material 42.
When the condensation does not occur or the ambient environmental temperature rises and the environmental humidity decreases and the dry state is reached, the moisture absorbed and retained by the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 is gradually released to the outside. If moisture is released into the environment, the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 becomes dry and the moisture absorbing function is restored. In a normal residential environment, condensation occurs at high humidity in the morning from late at night in winter. During the day, the humidity drops and dries. Periodically, the high humidity state and the dry state are repeated. Therefore, the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 also repeatedly absorbs and releases moisture, and can reliably prevent moisture from entering the interior material 42 over a long period of time.
[0026]
Since the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 is thin, the indoor side space of the opening 10 can be widened. That is, the decorative edge 60 is opened by any of the vertical piece 66 along the indoor side surface of the interior material 42, the horizontal piece 62 along the end surface of the interior material 42, and the vertical piece 64 along the inner surface of the sash frame 22. It does not overhang in the internal space of the part 10. Since it opens so that the indoor side may spread rather than the sash frame 22, there exists an effect which gives an indoor occupant a feeling of opening and makes the magnitude | size of a window larger than actual.
Further, the back-filling material 30 existing between the sash frame 22 and the decorative edge 60 prevents condensed water from entering the back side space of the decorative edge 60, so that excessive moisture is not supplied to the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50. You can
[0027]
[Construction of moisture absorbing / releasing sheet]
As shown in FIG. 3, the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 can be applied to the end face of the interior material 42 at the lower inner periphery of the opening 10 when the building panel 10 is installed and the opening 10 is configured. it can.
The elastic sheet 32 is pasted on the end surface of the interior material 42 on the inner peripheral upper side of the opening 10.
Thereafter, the sash frame 22 and fitting work, the attachment of the back-filling material 30 and the attachment of the decorative edge 60 are performed.
[0028]
The moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 can be attached to the end face of the interior material 42 when the building panel 10 is manufactured. Further, the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 may be attached to the back surface of the decorative edge 60. If such a technique is applied, the construction of the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet 50 is facilitated.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The opening structure of the building according to the present invention has a moisture absorption / release sheet disposed between the decorative edge and the end face of the interior material, thereby allowing moisture such as condensed water to enter the back space of the decorative edge, It is possible to efficiently absorb and hold the moisture absorption / release sheet and prevent moisture from entering the interior from the end face of the interior material.
When the environment around the opening becomes low humidity, the moisture absorbed and retained by the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is released into the environment, and the moisture absorbing function of the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is restored. In this way, by repeatedly absorbing and releasing moisture by the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet, it is possible to reliably prevent moisture from entering the interior material for a long period of time.
[0030]
In addition, since the moisture absorbing / releasing sheet is thin, it does not require a large space between the decorative edge and the interior material, and a large space inside the opening can be secured to give the occupant a sense of openness. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic front structural view of an opening representing an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a detailed cross-sectional structural view of the opening. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional structural view at a stage before the opening frame is attached.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Opening part 20 Glass shoji 22 Sash frame 30 Back-filling material 40 Wall panel 42 Interior material 50 Moisture absorption / release sheet 60 Decoration edge 62 Horizontal piece 64, 66 Vertical piece

Claims (4)

The structure of the opening that penetrates the outer wall of the building,
An interior material that is disposed on the indoor side of the outer wall adjacent to the opening and whose end face is exposed to the opening;
A decorative edge that is arranged along the inner peripheral edge of the opening on the indoor side and covers an end surface of the interior material;
An opening structure comprising a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet interposed between the exposed end face of the interior material on the back side of the decorative edge on the inner peripheral lower side of the opening. An opening frame that is fitted on the outdoor side of the opening,
A horizontal piece extending along the end face of the interior material, a front vertical piece extending from the indoor side end of the horizontal piece to the outside of the opening along the indoor side surface of the interior material, and a horizontal piece store The opening structure according to claim 1, comprising a rear vertical piece extending from the outer end portion along the inner side surface of the sash frame perpendicular to the horizontal piece. A construction method of an opening that penetrates the outer wall of a building,
For the interior material that is disposed on the indoor side of the outer wall adjacent to the opening and the end surface is exposed to the opening, a step of disposing a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet covering the end surface of the interior material (a);
A method of constructing an opening, including a step (b) of covering a surface of the moisture-absorbing / releasing sheet and attaching a decorative edge that covers an end face of an interior material along an indoor inner edge of the opening. In the opening that penetrates the outer wall of the building, it is a decorative edge constructed to cover the end surface exposed to the opening of the interior material arranged on the indoor side of the outer wall adjacent to the opening,
A decorative edge provided with a moisture absorbing / releasing sheet at a location facing the end face of the interior material on the back side of the decorative edge.

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