JP4108259B2 - Production method of croutons - Google Patents

Production method of croutons Download PDF

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JP4108259B2
JP4108259B2 JP2000238385A JP2000238385A JP4108259B2 JP 4108259 B2 JP4108259 B2 JP 4108259B2 JP 2000238385 A JP2000238385 A JP 2000238385A JP 2000238385 A JP2000238385 A JP 2000238385A JP 4108259 B2 JP4108259 B2 JP 4108259B2
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Prior art keywords
croutons
starch
weight
crouton
oil
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JP2002051692A (en
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裕一 安田
貴志 小田木
祐二 兼松
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株式会社ポッカコーポレーション
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、吸水性が低く、カリカリとした食感を持続させることができるクルトンの製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
クルトンは、スープの浮き身やサラダのトッピング等に利用されており、そのカリカリとした食感が楽しまれてきた。しかし、スープやサラダドレッシング等の水分の吸水により、クルトン本来のカリカリとした食感は長い時間持続しないという欠点があった。この問題を解決することを目的として、パン生地にコーンフラワーを添加する(特開昭49−101555)、パン生地に常温固形脂を配合する(特開昭54−92648)、一定量の油脂を含有し、厚い膜構造を形成する(特開平1−179639)、30〜120℃の植物油脂を浸漬する(特開平1−187044)、未油ようクルトンの表面に固体脂でコーティングする(特開平2−255035)、パン生地にトランスグルタミナーゼを添加し作用させる(特開平7−327584)、が提案されている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来公知のクルトンは、その何れもが吸水性及び食感両方において満足するものが得られていない。吸水性を少なくするために常温固形脂をクルトン中に配合したり(特開昭54−92648)、浸漬したり(特開平1−187044)する方法があるが、油脂含量が多くなり食感及び味が損なわれる。さらには、油脂が多いため酸化劣化の兆候が顕著に表れる。また、一定量の油脂を含有し、厚い膜構造を有するクルトン(特開平1−179639)は、パン内部の気泡が少ない、つまり密な構造のため、吸水性に関しては低くなるが、パンクルトン本来の食感を持たずあられ様のクルトンとなってしまう。また、カリカリした食感を与えるため、パン生地にコーンフラワーを添加したり(特開昭49−101555)、トランスグルタミナーゼを添加したり(特開平7−327584)する方法があるが、どちらも食感に関しての改良はなされているが、吸水性が高いため長時間カリカリした食感を持続することができない。さらには、クルトン表面に固形油脂にてコーティングする(特許公報:第2995480号)方法も公示されているが、カリカリした食感は有するものの持続することができない。
【0004】
こういった欠点を補うべく、吸水性及び食感両方において満足し、長時間カリカリした食感を持続するクルトンを開発する必要があった。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上述のような課題を解決すべく鋭意研究の結果、小麦粉重量に対し1〜10重量%の油脂、20〜40重量%のコーンスターチを配合し、得られるパン生地を用いて、焼成後比容積2〜3ml/gのパンを製造し、次いでこのパンを冷却後、細断または粉砕し、必要に応じて加熱乾燥したクルトンに対して、加熱溶解した固形油脂をコーティング、またはα化澱粉溶液にてコーティングし、さらに粉末澱粉を固定化することを特徴とするクルトンを製造することにより、クルトン内部への水分の吸水性を低下させ、その結果、長時間カリカリした食感を持続できるクルトンの開発に至った。
【0006】
本発明の方法により製造されたクルトンは、油脂コーティングまたはα化澱粉溶液コーティング後に粉末澱粉を固定化しており、スープに浮遊させた際、固定化した澱粉粒子が水分及び熱によりα化しクルトンの周囲を覆う。それにより、クルトン内部への水分の吸水性が著しく低下し、その結果、長時間カリカリした食感を持続できる。
【0007】
以下に詳細を示す。
原料として小麦粉、固形油脂、コーンスターチ、食塩、上白糖、イースト、イーストフード、ビタミンC、乳製品、卵、その他常用される原料及び水を加え十分にミキシングしパン生地を生成する。
【0008】
ここでいう固形油脂とは、常温にて固体のものを示し、ショートニング、マーガリン、バター等である。パン生地に練り込む固形油脂量は、小麦粉重量に対して1〜10重量%、好ましくは、3〜7重量%である。その理由として、1%未満である場合、添加効果が得られにくく、10%を超えるとパン自体脆くなり、細断または粉砕し、必要に応じて加熱乾燥する際に割れ欠けを生じ易くなる。
【0009】
パン生地に練り込むコーンスターチ量は、小麦粉重量に対して20〜40重量%、好ましくは、25〜35重量%である。その理由として、20%未満である場合、添加効果が得られにくく、40%を超えるとクルトン自体にカリカリとした食感が生じるものの、パン粉様の食感となり食味する上で良好ではない。目的のサイズのクルトンを歩留り良く得るためには、10%以下にすることが好ましい。
【0010】
次いで、1次発酵、分割、2次発酵、焼成、冷却という通常の製パン工程と同様の製法にて焼成後比容積2〜3ml/gのクルトン用パンを生成する。焼成後比容積2〜3ml/gにする理由として、2ml/g未満の場合、パンの木目が粗くなり、本発明による方法を用いても十分な効果が得られない。また、3ml/gを超えるとパンの木目は細かくなるが、非常に硬い食感のクルトンとなり、これも食するに適さない。
【0011】
上記内容にて得られたクルトン用パンを目的のサイズに細断または粉砕し、必要に応じて加熱乾燥する。
【0012】
こうして得られた乾燥クルトンに対して、加熱溶解又はエタノール等の溶媒で溶解した固形油脂をコーティング、またはα化澱粉溶液にてコーティングする。ここでいう固形油脂とは、常温にて固体のものを示し、融点は、25℃以上、好ましくは30℃以上である。その理由として、25℃未満の場合、クルトンをスープに浮遊した際、クルトンから油脂が分離する傾向が非常に強くなり、スープ表面に油滴や油膜を形成し、外観上においても食味する上においても品質上問題が生じる。
【0013】
固形油脂としては、植物又は動物由来の常温で固形の油脂がすべて使用され、液状のものは水素を添加して硬化油として使用することができる。油脂の非限定例としては、次のものが挙げられる:バター、牛脂、豚脂、鯨油、卵油、イワシ油、イカ油、各種魚油、ヤシ油、オリーブ油、ヒマシ油、ピーナツ油、菜種油、ゴマ油、大豆油、綿実油、パーム油、パーム核油等のほか、マーガリン、ショートニング等も使用可能である。
【0014】
また、ここでいうα化澱粉溶液とは、例えば、馬鈴薯澱粉、とうもろこし澱粉、さつまいも澱粉、小麦澱粉、タピオカ澱粉、米澱粉等を用いα化させた澱粉溶液のことであり、濃度が10〜30重量%、好ましくは濃度が15〜25重量%である。
【0015】
固形油脂又はα化澱粉溶液のコーティング量は、皮膜を厚く形成する上では、多い方が好ましいが、食感においてべたついた食味、又は粉っぽさを感じさせるため、固形油脂に関しては、乾燥クルトンに対して5〜30重量%、好ましくは10〜20重量%、α化澱粉溶液に関しては、乾燥クルトンに対して澱粉含量に換算して5〜20重量%、好ましくは5〜10重量%である。コーティング方法としては、スプレー、浸漬、塗布等が利用できる。
【0016】
さらに粉末澱粉を固定化する。ここでいう粉末澱粉は、例えば、馬鈴薯澱粉、とうもろこし澱粉、さつまいも澱粉、小麦澱粉、タピオカ澱粉、米澱粉等が挙げられる。固定化に用いる粉末澱粉量は、乾燥クルトンに対して5〜15重量%、好ましくは7〜12重量%が適当である。その理由として、5%未満の場合、クルトン表面を粉末澱粉にて覆うことが困難であり、クルトン内部への水分の吸水性を低下させるという効果を十分得ることが出来ない。また、15%超えると粉っぽさが非常に強くなり、食味する上において品質上問題がある。このような製造方法により、クルトン内部への水分の吸水性を低下させ、長時間カリカリした食感を持続できるクルトンを開発するのに成功した。
【0017】
【実施例】
以下、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に説明する。
【0018】
【実施例1】
小麦粉100部に対し、コーンスターチ30部、イースト2部、イーストフード0.1部、砂糖3部、ショートニング5部、食塩2部、水60部をミキシングし、第1発酵を行った。次ぎに、各500gずつ分割し、20分間ベンチタイムをとった。ベンチタイム終了後圧延処理を行い、型詰め、ホイロへの移動を行い、第2発酵を行った。最終発酵条件は、38℃、湿度85%にて80分行った。こうして得られたパン生地をオーブンにて焼成を行った。得られたパンの比容積は2.5ml/gであった。
【0019】
これを1次、2次冷却を実施後、スライサーにて7mm角に切断し、流動層乾燥機にて水分4%になるまで乾燥しクルトンを得た。このクルトン100部に対し、硬化パーム油(融点35℃)15部を加熱溶解しクルトン表面にクルトンを流動させながら噴霧コーティングを実施した。さらに、馬鈴薯澱粉10部を流動層内に添加しクルトン表面に付着させ、本発明の新規のクルトンを得た。
【0020】
【実施例2】
実施例1と同様の方法にて乾燥クルトンを得て、このクルトン100部に対し、α化馬鈴薯澱粉溶液(濃度25重量%)30部をクルトン表面にクルトンを流動させながら噴霧コーティングを実施した。さらに、馬鈴薯澱粉10部を流動層内に添加しクルトン表面に付着させ、本発明の新規のクルトンを得た。
【0021】
(比較例1)
実施例1と同様の方法にて乾燥クルトンを得て、このクルトン100部に対し、硬化パーム油(融点43℃)10部を加熱溶解しクルトン表面にクルトンを流動させながら、噴霧コーティングを実施した。
【0022】
(比較例2)
実施例1と同様の方法にて乾燥クルトンを得て、クルトン100部に対し加熱溶解した硬化パーム油(融点45℃)が35部吸油されるように浸漬した。
【0023】
実施例1、2、比較例1、2の湿潤状況及び食感を表1にまとめた。
その結果から明らかなように、本発明に係るクルトンは、7分もの長時間浮遊することができ、食感もすぐれていることが確認された。
なお、湿潤状況(非吸水度)及び食感(味含む)の表示は次の意味を表わす。
良好 5← →1 不良
(※):澱粉コーティング7.5部、粉末澱粉10部を示す。
添加油脂量、添加澱粉量は、いずれも、乾燥クルトン100部に対する添加量を「部」で示したものである。
【0024】
【表1】

Figure 0004108259
【0025】
【発明の効果】
本発明では、クルトン表面に疎水作用をもつ油脂及び澱粉にて皮膜を形成するようコーティングを実施し、これらを結着皮膜として粉末澱粉を固定化することにより、クルトン内部への水分の浸透性を低下させ、その結果、長時間カリカリした食感を持続できるクルトンを得ることが出来た。本クルトンは、スープの浮き身やサラダのトッピング等各種の用途に広く利用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for producing croutons having low water absorption and capable of maintaining a crunchy texture.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Croutons are used for soup floats and salad toppings, and their crunchy texture has been enjoyed. However, due to the absorption of water such as soups and salad dressings, the crunchy texture of croutons is not long lasting. In order to solve this problem, corn flour is added to bread dough (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-101555), room temperature solid fat is blended into bread dough (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-92648), and contains a certain amount of oil and fat. A thick film structure is formed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-117939), vegetable oil and fat at 30 to 120 ° C. is immersed (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-187044), and the surface of the non-oiled crouton is coated with solid fat (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 255035), transglutaminase is added to the dough and allowed to act (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-327584).
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, none of the conventionally known croutons satisfying both water absorption and texture has been obtained. In order to reduce water absorption, there is a method of blending room temperature solid fat in croutons (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 54-92648) or dipping (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-187044), but the fat content increases and the texture and Taste is impaired. Furthermore, since there are many fats and oils, the sign of oxidative degradation appears notably. In addition, croutons containing a certain amount of oil and fat and having a thick film structure (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 1-179939) have few bubbles inside the bread, that is, a dense structure, so that water absorption is low. It becomes a crouton like that without the texture. In addition, in order to give a crunchy texture, there are methods of adding corn flour to bread dough (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 49-101555) or adding transglutaminase (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-327484). However, since it has high water absorption, it cannot maintain a crunchy texture for a long time. Furthermore, although a method of coating the surface of croutons with solid fats and oils (Patent Publication: No. 2995480) has been announced, it has a crunchy texture but cannot be sustained.
[0004]
In order to compensate for these drawbacks, it was necessary to develop a crouton that was satisfactory in both water absorption and texture and maintained a crunchy texture for a long time.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors blended 1 to 10% by weight of fats and oils and 20 to 40% by weight of corn starch with respect to the weight of flour, and baked using the resulting bread dough. A pan with a specific volume of 2-3 ml / g is manufactured, and after cooling, the bread is shredded or crushed, and if necessary, heat-dried croutons are coated with heat-dissolved solid fats or fats. By producing a crouton that is coated with a starch solution and further immobilizes the powdered starch, the water absorption of the croutons is reduced, and as a result, the crunchy texture can be maintained for a long time. It led to the development of croutons.
[0006]
The croutons produced by the method of the present invention have powder starch immobilized after oil or fat coating or pregelatinized starch solution coating, and when suspended in soup, the immobilized starch particles are alphalyzed by moisture and heat to surround the croutons. Cover. Thereby, the water absorption of the water | moisture content inside croutons falls remarkably, As a result, the crunchy texture can be maintained for a long time.
[0007]
Details are shown below.
Add flour, solid fats and oils, corn starch, salt, sucrose, yeast, yeast food, vitamin C, dairy products, eggs, other commonly used ingredients and water, and mix well to produce bread dough.
[0008]
Solid fats and oils here are solid at room temperature, such as shortening, margarine, butter and the like. The amount of solid fats and oils kneaded into bread dough is 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 7% by weight, based on the weight of the flour. The reason is that if it is less than 1%, the effect of addition is difficult to obtain, and if it exceeds 10%, the bread itself becomes brittle, and it becomes easy to cause cracks when shredded or crushed and heat-dried as necessary.
[0009]
The amount of corn starch kneaded into the bread dough is 20 to 40% by weight, preferably 25 to 35% by weight, based on the weight of the flour. The reason for this is that when it is less than 20%, the effect of addition is difficult to obtain, and when it exceeds 40%, the crouton itself has a crunchy texture, but it is not good for a crumb-like texture. In order to obtain a desired size crouton with good yield, it is preferable to make it 10% or less.
[0010]
Next, a crouton bread having a specific volume of 2 to 3 ml / g after baking is produced by the same production method as the normal bread making process of primary fermentation, splitting, secondary fermentation, baking and cooling. As a reason for setting the specific volume after baking to 2 to 3 ml / g, when it is less than 2 ml / g, the grain of the bread becomes rough, and even if the method according to the present invention is used, sufficient effects cannot be obtained. Moreover, if it exceeds 3 ml / g, the grain of bread will become fine, but it will be a crouton with a very hard texture, which is also not suitable for eating.
[0011]
The crouton bread obtained as described above is shredded or pulverized to a desired size and, if necessary, dried by heating.
[0012]
The dried croutons thus obtained are coated with a solid fat or oil dissolved by heating or with a solvent such as ethanol, or coated with a pregelatinized starch solution. Solid fats and oils here are solid at normal temperature, and melting | fusing point is 25 degreeC or more, Preferably it is 30 degreeC or more. The reason for this is that when the temperature is lower than 25 ° C., when the croutons are floated in the soup, the tendency of the oils and fats to separate from the croutons becomes very strong, and oil droplets and oil films are formed on the soup surface. Will cause quality problems.
[0013]
As the solid fat, all fats and oils that are solid at room temperature derived from plants or animals are used, and the liquid fat can be used as a hardened oil by adding hydrogen. Non-limiting examples of fats include: butter, beef tallow, lard, whale oil, egg oil, sardine oil, squid oil, various fish oils, palm oil, olive oil, castor oil, peanut oil, rapeseed oil, sesame oil. In addition to soybean oil, cottonseed oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, margarine, shortening, and the like can be used.
[0014]
In addition, the pregelatinized starch solution here refers to a starch solution that has been pregelatinized using, for example, potato starch, corn starch, sweet potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, rice starch, or the like, and the concentration is 10 to 30. % By weight, preferably 15 to 25% by weight.
[0015]
The coating amount of the solid fat or pregelatinized starch solution is preferably larger in order to form a thick film. However, in order to make the texture feel sticky or powdery, dry croutons are used for the solid fat. 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 10 to 20% by weight, and the pregelatinized starch solution is 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 5 to 10% by weight in terms of starch content with respect to the dry croutons. . As a coating method, spraying, dipping, coating, or the like can be used.
[0016]
Furthermore, powder starch is fixed. Examples of the powdered starch include potato starch, corn starch, sweet potato starch, wheat starch, tapioca starch, and rice starch. The amount of powder starch used for immobilization is 5 to 15% by weight, preferably 7 to 12% by weight, based on the dry croutons. As the reason, when it is less than 5%, it is difficult to cover the surface of croutons with powdered starch, and the effect of reducing the water absorption of moisture into the croutons cannot be obtained sufficiently. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15%, the powderiness becomes very strong, and there is a problem in quality when eating. With such a manufacturing method, the inventors succeeded in developing a crouton that can reduce the water absorption of water into the croutons and maintain a crunchy texture for a long time.
[0017]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be further described with reference to examples.
[0018]
[Example 1]
The first fermentation was performed by mixing 30 parts of corn starch, 2 parts of yeast, 0.1 part of yeast food, 3 parts of sugar, 5 parts of shortening, 2 parts of salt, and 60 parts of water with respect to 100 parts of wheat flour. Next, each 500g was divided | segmented and the bench time was taken for 20 minutes. After the bench time, a rolling process was performed, mold filling, transfer to a proofer, and second fermentation was performed. The final fermentation conditions were 80 minutes at 38 ° C. and 85% humidity. The bread dough thus obtained was baked in an oven. The specific volume of the obtained bread was 2.5 ml / g.
[0019]
This was subjected to primary and secondary cooling, then cut into 7 mm squares with a slicer, and dried with a fluidized bed drier until the water content reached 4% to obtain croutons. Spray coating was performed on 100 parts of this crouton while heating and dissolving 15 parts of hardened palm oil (melting point: 35 ° C.) and flowing the crouton on the surface of the crouton. Furthermore, 10 parts of potato starch was added to the fluidized bed and adhered to the crouton surface, and the novel crouton of the present invention was obtained.
[0020]
[Example 2]
Dry croutons were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and spray coating was carried out on 100 parts of this crouton while 30 parts of a pregelatinized potato starch solution (concentration 25% by weight) was caused to flow on the crouton surface. Furthermore, 10 parts of potato starch was added to the fluidized bed and adhered to the crouton surface, and the novel crouton of the present invention was obtained.
[0021]
(Comparative Example 1)
Dry croutons were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and spray coating was carried out while heating and dissolving 10 parts of hardened palm oil (melting point: 43 ° C.) in 100 parts of the croutons and allowing the croutons to flow on the surface of the croutons. .
[0022]
(Comparative Example 2)
Dry croutons were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, and immersed so that 35 parts of hardened palm oil (melting point: 45 ° C.) dissolved by heating was absorbed in 100 parts of croutons.
[0023]
The wet conditions and textures of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are summarized in Table 1.
As is clear from the results, it was confirmed that the croutons according to the present invention can float for a long time of 7 minutes and have an excellent texture.
In addition, the display of a wet condition (non-water-absorption degree) and food texture (including taste) represents the following meaning.
Good 5 ← → 1 Poor (*): 7.5 parts of starch coating and 10 parts of powdered starch.
The amount of added fat and oil and the amount of added starch are both indicated by “parts” with respect to 100 parts of dry croutons.
[0024]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004108259
[0025]
【The invention's effect】
In the present invention, coating is carried out so that a film is formed on the surface of croutons with fats and oils having a hydrophobic action and starch, and these are used as binder films to fix the powder starch, thereby increasing the moisture permeability into the croutons. As a result, it was possible to obtain croutons capable of maintaining a crunchy texture for a long time. The croutons can be widely used for various purposes such as soup floats and salad toppings.

Claims (5)

小麦粉重量に対して、1〜10重量%の油脂、20〜40重量%のコーンスターチを配合し、得られたパン生地を用いて、焼成後比容積2〜3ml/gのパンを製造し、次いでこのパンを冷却後、細断または粉砕し、必要に応じて加熱乾燥したクルトンに対して、溶解した固形油脂をコーティング、またはα化澱粉溶液にてコーティングし、さらに粉末澱粉を固定化することを特徴とするクルトンの製造法。1 to 10% by weight of fat and oil, 20 to 40% by weight of corn starch is blended with respect to the weight of the flour, and the bread dough obtained is used to produce bread with a specific volume of 2 to 3 ml / g after baking. After cooling the bread, it is shredded or crushed, and if necessary, heat-dried croutons are coated with a dissolved solid fat or with a pregelatinized starch solution, and the powdered starch is immobilized. Crouton manufacturing method. コーティングする固形油脂として、融点が25℃以上、乾燥クルトンに対し5〜30重量%のコーティング添加量とすることを特徴とする請求項1記載のクルトンの製造法。The method for producing croutons according to claim 1, wherein the solid fats and oils to be coated have a melting point of 25 ° C or higher and a coating addition amount of 5 to 30 wt% with respect to the dry croutons. コーティングするα化澱粉溶液として、濃度が10〜30重量%、乾燥クルトンに対して澱粉含量に換算して5〜20重量%のコーティング添加量であることを特徴とする請求項1記載のクルトンの製造法。The gelatinized starch solution to be coated has a concentration of 10 to 30% by weight and a coating addition amount of 5 to 20% by weight in terms of starch content with respect to dry croutons. Manufacturing method. 固定化する粉末澱粉量として、乾燥クルトンに対して5〜15重量%とすることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のクルトンの製造法。The method for producing croutons according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the amount of powder starch to be immobilized is 5 to 15% by weight based on dry croutons. 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の方法で製造してなるクルトン。The crouton manufactured by the method of any one of Claims 1-4.
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