JP4106355B2 - Hydraulic control mechanism for marine speed reducer - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a hydraulic mechanism for a marine speed reduction reverser capable of navigating at a constant low speed.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a marine speed reduction reverse gear configured to be able to navigate at a constant low speed (propeller rotation below engine idling rotation) during forward or reverse travel is known (Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 55-10684, etc.). The hydraulic control mechanism of this marine speed reduction reverser will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a forward / reverse one-stage switching speed reduction reverser equipped with a low speed valve. A hydraulic clutch that serves as a clutch for the output shaft OPS having a screw is provided with a forward hydraulic clutch FC and a reverse hydraulic clutch RC, one each for forward and reverse, and forward, reverse, and neutral from the hydraulic oil pump OP. An upstream oil passage R1 is connected to a switching valve SV switchable in three stages, and a forward oil passage R2 and a backward oil passage R3 are respectively piped from the switching valve SV to a forward hydraulic clutch FC and a backward hydraulic clutch RC. ing.

Further, a low speed valve TV configured to limit the amount of hydraulic oil passing through the control of the governor valve GV is interposed in the upstream oil passage R1 between the hydraulic oil tank T and the switching valve SV. That is, a low-speed valve TV is provided in the front stroke of the switching valve SV, and a low hydraulic pressure is applied to the hydraulic clutch FC / RC so that it is in a half-clutch state so that it can travel at low speeds both forward and backward. -ing
Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 55-10684

First, when A problem in the conventional reverse and reduction gear shown in FIG. 3 which enables low rate sailing, forward stops (or after, the reverse) switched Subeku, the selector valve SV to the reverse gear, a low speed Even when the valve TV is operating, the brake effect is weak because the amount of hydraulic oil supplied to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC is reduced. That is, if you want to stop moving forward rapidly by reverse switching, you must first release the hydraulic oil control by the low-speed valve TV and apply high-pressure hydraulic oil to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC. It is too complicated as an operation.

  Further, since the low-speed valve TV is disposed in the previous stroke of the switching valve SV, the hydraulic oil that is throttled by the low-speed valve TV and becomes low pressure flows into the switching valve SV during low-speed navigation, resulting in a pressure loss. In addition, even if the switching valve SV is operated at this time, the responsiveness is poor.

The present invention uses the following means in order to solve the above problems. A forward hydraulic clutch (FC) and a reverse hydraulic clutch (RC) are provided as the forward / reverse switching clutch of the output shaft (OPS) having a screw, and the hydraulic oil pump (OP) is supplied from the hydraulic oil tank (T). In the upstream oil passage (R1) for supplying pressure oil, a switching valve (SV) that can be switched between three stages of forward, reverse, and neutral is installed, and the forward oil passage (SV) R2), the reverse oil passage (R3), and the lubricating oil passage (R4) branch into three, and the forward oil passage (R2) is connected to the forward hydraulic clutch (FC) from the switching valve (SV). And a low speed valve (TV) is provided in the middle of the forward oil passage (R2). The low speed valve (TV) is controlled by a governor valve (GV), and the rotational speed of the output shaft (OPS) The hydraulic oil passage amount in the forward oil passage (R2) so as to rotate at a set constant low speed, A low hydraulic pressure is applied to the forward hydraulic clutch (FC) to enable navigation at a constant low speed in a half-clutch state, and the reverse hydraulic passage (R3) is directly connected to the reverse hydraulic clutch (SV) from the switching valve (SV). RC), and configured to always supply high-pressure hydraulic oil that has been pumped by the hydraulic oil pump (OP) and passed through the switching valve (SV) at the time of reverse setting .

  Next, the effect | action by using the above means is demonstrated. First, in a speed reduction reverser that allows low speed navigation with a low speed valve, the low speed valve is used only for the oil path to the forward hydraulic clutch in the subsequent stroke of the switching valve. Therefore, when the reverse movement is switched from the state where the vehicle is traveling forward, a high pressure hydraulic pressure that does not pass through the deceleration valve is applied to the reverse hydraulic clutch, and the output shaft can be immediately switched to the reverse drive. Moreover, high pressure hydraulic fluid always flows into the switching valve, and pressure loss can be reduced.

Since the present invention is configured as described above, the following effects can be obtained.
A forward hydraulic clutch (FC) and a reverse hydraulic clutch (RC) are provided as the forward / reverse switching clutch of the output shaft (OPS) having a screw, and the hydraulic oil pump (OP) is supplied from the hydraulic oil tank (T). In the upstream oil passage (R1) for supplying pressure oil, a switching valve (SV) that can be switched between three stages of forward, reverse, and neutral is installed, and the forward oil passage (SV) R2), the reverse oil passage (R3), and the lubricating oil passage (R4) branch into three, and the forward oil passage (R2) is connected to the forward hydraulic clutch (FC) from the switching valve (SV). And a low speed valve (TV) is provided in the middle of the forward oil passage (R2). The low speed valve (TV) is controlled by a governor valve (GV), and the rotational speed of the output shaft (OPS) The hydraulic oil passage amount in the forward oil passage (R2) so as to rotate at a set constant low speed, A low hydraulic pressure is applied to the forward hydraulic clutch (FC) to enable navigation at a constant low speed in a half-clutch state, and the reverse hydraulic passage (R3) is directly connected to the reverse hydraulic clutch (SV) from the switching valve (SV). RC) and at the time of reverse setting, it is configured to always supply high-pressure hydraulic oil that has been pumped by the hydraulic oil pump (OP) and passed through the switching valve (SV). In order to make it possible, in the hydraulic control mechanism of a marine speed reduction reverser equipped with a low-speed valve, the constant low-speed navigation function during reverse travel, which is not necessary, is omitted, so that the low-speed navigation can be performed only during forward travel. Since the low-speed valve is provided in the forward oil passage, the reverse clutch enters quickly and smoothly by the high-pressure hydraulic pressure directly from the switching valve when stopping immediately after forward low-speed navigation or switching to reverse, improving braking performance Do

  The problems and configurations to be solved by the present invention are as described above, and the embodiments of the present invention shown in the accompanying drawings will be described below. FIG. 1 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a marine deceleration reverser equipped with a low speed valve according to the present invention.

  First, the configuration of the speed reduction reverser shown in FIG. 1 that enables navigation at a constant low speed will be described. A forward hydraulic clutch FC and a reverse hydraulic clutch RC are provided as forward / reverse switching clutches for the output shaft OPS having a screw, and the rotational speed of the output shaft OPS is controlled by a governor valve GV. As the hydraulic circuit, the upstream oil passage R1 to which pressure oil is supplied from the hydraulic oil tank T by the hydraulic oil pump OP is passed through a switching valve SV that can be switched to forward, backward, and neutral three stages. It branches into three roads R2, reverse oil passage R3, and lubricating oil passage R4. In the upstream oil passage R1, K is a stiffness device, and V1 is a safety valve.

  The forward oil passage R2 is piped to supply hydraulic oil to the forward hydraulic clutch FC, and a low speed valve TV is interposed in the middle thereof. The low-speed valve TV is slidably controlled by the control of the governor valve GV so as to rotate the output shaft OPS at a set constant low speed, and limits the amount of hydraulic oil passing through the forward oil passage R2. Then, a low hydraulic pressure is applied to the forward hydraulic clutch FC so that it is in a half-clutch state so that it can travel at a constant low speed.

  The reverse oil passage R3 is piped directly to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC from the switching valve SV. When reverse driving is set, the hydraulic oil is pumped by the hydraulic oil pump OP and passes through the switching valve SV. Is always supplied. Therefore, when traveling backward, low speed navigation that was possible when traveling forward is not possible. However, in a ship that emphasizes traveling forward, there is almost no need for such navigation when traveling backward, so there is no inconvenience.

  Further, the lubricating oil passage R4 branches through the hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2, the alarm PS, the oil cooler C, the kneader K, and the lubricating oil pressure regulating valve V3, and then branches to the forward hydraulic clutch FC and the reverse hydraulic clutch. It is piped to supply lubricating oil to the RC. In each oil passage, P is a pressure gauge.

  In the configuration as described above, when the switching valve SV is switched to the reverse stage from the state where the low-speed valve TV is used for low-speed forward navigation, the switching valve SV is in the preceding stroke than the low-speed valve TV. Then, the high-pressure hydraulic oil flows in, and the high-pressure hydraulic oil is supplied directly to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC in the reverse oil passage R3, and the reverse hydraulic clutch RC is immediately engaged. It becomes a state. That is, even if the low-speed valve TV is not operated, if the switching valve SV is switched to the reverse gear, the brake is immediately applied, or the reverse travel can be started as it is.

In addition, a marine reduction / reverse gear configured to be able to shift the forward reduction ratio in multiple stages in order to effectively transmit the engine torque with respect to a change in load is also known, and this conventional hydraulic control mechanism is shown in FIG. explain. FIG. 4 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a reduction / reversing machine that switches between two forward and one reverse gears. From the hydraulic oil pump OP, the upstream oil passage R1 is connected to a switching valve SV ′ that can be switched to three stages of forward, reverse, and neutral, and the forward oil passage R2 and the reverse oil passage R3 are connected via the switching valve SV ′. The reverse oil path R3 is directly piped to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC, and the forward oil path R2 is further forward-switchable to two stages of forward 1st speed and forward 2nd speed. The first forward-speed oil passage R2a and the second forward-speed oil passage R2b are branched via the shift switching valve FSV, and are respectively connected to the forward first-speed hydraulic clutch FC1 and the forward second-speed hydraulic clutch FC2.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the problem with the conventional reduction / reversing machine of the forward multi-stage switching type is that the screw is driven forward at a slow speed regardless of the neutral state of the clutch. As shown in FIG. 4, since the lubricating oil is constantly supplied to each hydraulic clutch from the lubricating oil path R4 to prevent seizure, each switching clutch SV is neutral and the hydraulic oil supply is cut off. The hydraulic clutch is in a state where drag torque is generated.

  If there is one (or the same number) of forward and reverse hydraulic clutches, the drag force by the forward hydraulic clutch and the drag force by the reverse hydraulic clutch with the lubricating oil cancel each other. The output shaft OPS stops completely. However, since there are two forward hydraulic clutches, the lubricating oil for the forward hydraulic clutch is supplied twice as much as the lubricating oil for the reverse gear. Slightly moved forward. When this situation occurs, there is a problem that when the ship is stopped and the nets, ropes, etc. are lowered into the water, they may get tangled.

  Conventionally, in order to completely stop the output shaft OPS when neutral, a disc brake is provided, and the brake oil passage R6 is branched from the upstream oil passage R1 as an oil passage for the brake hydraulic oil. The brake oil passage R6 is configured such that hydraulic oil flows when the switching valve SV 'is neutral, and the brake pressure can be adjusted via the brake valve BV. Wearing such a disc brake is costly, and because the brake pad is used regardless of whether the output shaft OPS rotates during neutrality, the brake pad wears quickly and the frequency of maintenance work is increased. Also gets higher.

  In this configuration, in the hydraulic control mechanism of the marine reduction / reverse gear having a plurality of forward hydraulic clutches and one reverse hydraulic clutch, the hydraulic oil that only stops the output shaft with respect to the reverse hydraulic clutch when neutral. Is configured to supply.

  As a result, in the speed reduction / reverse gear set with multiple forward speeds, hydraulic oil is sent to the reverse hydraulic clutch when neutral, so that the drag torque caused by the extra lubricant supplied to the forward hydraulic clutch can be offset. Thus, the output shaft can be stopped.

FIG. 2 is a hydraulic circuit diagram of a marine reduction / reverse gear for a forward two-stage transmission . Next, referring to FIG. 2, the hydraulic mechanism of the forward multistage speed reduction reduction / reversing machine will be described. 2, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same members. In this reduction reverse rotation machine, a forward first speed hydraulic clutch FC1, a forward second speed hydraulic clutch FC2, and a reverse hydraulic clutch RC are provided as hydraulic clutches of the output shaft OPS. The hydraulic oil is supplied from the hydraulic oil tank T to the forward, reverse, and neutral three-stage switching valve SV ′ through the upstream oil passage R1 by the hydraulic oil pump OP, and the forward oil passage from the switching valve SV ′. R2, the reverse oil passage R3, and the lubricating oil passage R4 are branched, and the reverse oil passage R3 is directly connected to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC.

  On the other hand, the forward oil passage R2 is further provided with a first-speed / second-speed two-stage forward-shifting switching valve FSV, and branches to a forward first-speed oil passage R2a and a forward-second-speed oil passage R2b. Are respectively connected to the forward first speed clutch FC1 and the reverse second speed clutch FC2. The lubricating oil passage R4 always supplies lubricating oil to the hydraulic clutches FC1, FC2, and RC via the hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2, the oil cooler C, the stiffness device K, the lubricating oil pressure regulating valve V3, and the like. In the lubricating oil passage R4, the hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2 uniformly adjusts the hydraulic pressure to the forward oil passage R2 and the reverse oil passage R3.

  In the present embodiment, the switching valve SV ′ is further provided with a port that opens when neutral, and the sub-reverse oil passage R3 ′ is branched from the upstream oil passage R1 and connected to the reverse oil passage R3. The port is interposed in the middle. Further, a sub hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2 ′ is provided in the stroke before the switching valve SV ′ in the sub reverse oil passage R3 ′, and from the sub reverse oil passage R3 ′ in the upstream oil passage R1. In the preceding stroke, the pilot oil passage R5 is branched, and the pilot oil passage R5 sends the pilot pressure to the auxiliary hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2 ′ via the governor valve GV. The auxiliary hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2 ′ is normally closed and is configured to open when pilot pressure is applied. The pilot pressure oil is applied to the governor valve GV when the output shaft OPS is driven forward. It is what is supplied.

  In the speed reducer having such a configuration, when the switching valve SV ′ is set to the neutral stage, the auxiliary hydraulic oil pressure regulating valve V2 ′ is opened while the output shaft OPS is being driven, and the hydraulic oil flows upstream. The oil enters the reverse oil passage R3 from the oil passage R1 through the auxiliary reverse oil passage R3 ′ and is supplied to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC. That is, the hydraulic oil is supplied from the forward oil passage R2 (the forward first speed oil passage R2a and the forward second speed oil passage R2b) and from the backward oil passage R3, which are extended from the switching valve SV 'when neutral. Only the hydraulic oil is supplied from the auxiliary reverse oil passage R3 ′ to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC.

  However, since each of the hydraulic clutches FC1, FC2, and RC is always supplied with lubricating oil and has two forward hydraulic clutches as described above, the forward first speed / Extra hydraulic pressure is applied to the speed hydraulic clutches FC1 and FC2. The operating oil pressure from the auxiliary reverse oil passage R3 ′ to the auxiliary reverse hydraulic clutch RC cancels this, that is, the output shaft OPS to be driven forward by the lubricating oil pressure is supplied to the operating oil pressure. It is stopped by the reverse drive force due to. When the hydraulic pressure applied to the reverse hydraulic clutch RC exceeds the drag torque due to the lubricating oil and the output shaft OPS is driven backward, the pilot pressure immediately decreases from the governor valve GV and the auxiliary hydraulic pressure regulating valve V2 'Is closed, and the supply of hydraulic oil from the sub reverse oil passage R3' is stopped.

  As a result, in a marine speed reduction reversing machine that is provided with a plurality of forward hydraulic clutches and can be shifted in multiple stages, when neutral, hydraulic oil is supplied to the reverse hydraulic clutch so that it is supplied to the forward hydraulic clutch. This cancels out the drag torque caused by the lubricant that drives the output shaft forward and stops the output shaft completely, eliminating the problem that the screw rotates and entangles the rope, net, etc., regardless of neutrality. To do.

1 is a hydraulic circuit of a marine speed reduction reverser provided with a low speed valve according to the present invention. It is a reference example of the hydraulic circuit of the marine speed reduction reversing machine of the forward two-speed transmission . It is a hydraulic circuit of the marine speed reduction reverser provided with the conventional low speed valve. 2 is a hydraulic circuit of a conventional marine reduction / reverse motor for a forward two-speed transmission.

Explanation of symbols

FC Forward hydraulic clutch RC Reverse hydraulic clutch OPS Output shaft OP Hydraulic oil tank SV Switching valve TV Low speed valve GV Governor valve R1 Upstream oil path R2 Forward oil path R3 Reverse oil path R4 Lubricating oil path

Claims (1)

A forward hydraulic clutch (FC) and a reverse hydraulic clutch (RC) are provided as the forward / reverse switching clutch of the output shaft (OPS) having a screw, and the hydraulic oil pump (OP) is supplied from the hydraulic oil tank (T). In the upstream oil passage (R1) for supplying pressure oil, a switching valve (SV) that can be switched between three stages of forward, reverse, and neutral is installed, and the forward oil passage (SV) R2), the reverse oil passage (R3), and the lubricating oil passage (R4) branch into three, and the forward oil passage (R2) is connected to the forward hydraulic clutch (FC) from the switching valve (SV). And a low speed valve (TV) is provided in the middle of the forward oil passage (R2). The low speed valve (TV) is controlled by a governor valve (GV), and the rotational speed of the output shaft (OPS) The hydraulic oil passage amount in the forward oil passage (R2) so as to rotate at a set constant low speed, A low hydraulic pressure is applied to the forward hydraulic clutch (FC) to enable navigation at a constant low speed in a half-clutch state, and the reverse hydraulic passage (R3) is directly connected to the reverse hydraulic clutch (SV) from the switching valve (SV). RC), and a reverse speed reverser for marine vessels, which is configured to always supply high-pressure hydraulic oil that has been pumped by the hydraulic oil pump (OP) and passed through the switching valve (SV) at the time of reverse setting. Hydraulic control mechanism.

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