JP4102510B2 - Coupling - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coupling for intermittently transmitting power.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Coupling 201 as shown in FIG. 5 is described in “Gaia New Model Car Description Page 0-22, Toyota Motor Corporation, edited by the same service department, May 29, 1998”.
[0003]
The coupling 201 is disposed in a rear wheel side power transmission system between the transfer and the rear wheel of the four-wheel drive vehicle, and performs connection and disconnection on the rear wheel side.
[0004]
The coupling 201 includes a rotation case 203, an inner shaft 205, a multi-plate main clutch 207 and a control clutch 209, an armature 211, an electromagnet 213, a cam ring 215, a ball cam 217, a pressure plate 219, a controller, and the like.
[0005]
The rotating case 203 is connected to the propeller shaft by a connecting member 221 and is further connected to the transfer side via the propeller shaft. A drive pinion shaft 223 is connected to the inner shaft 205, and a drive pinion gear 225 formed integrally with the inner shaft 205 meshes with a ring gear on the rear differential (rear wheel differential device) side.
[0006]
The coupling 201 is housed in a rear differential carrier 227 and is supported by bearings 229 and 231.
[0007]
The main clutch 207 is disposed between the rotation case 203 and the inner shaft 205, and the control clutch 209 is disposed between the rotation case 203 and the cam ring 215.
[0008]
The pressure plate 219 is movably connected to the inner shaft 205, and the ball cam 217 is disposed between the cam ring 215 and the pressure plate 219.
[0009]
The controller performs excitation of the electromagnet 213, excitation current control, excitation stop, and the like.
[0010]
When the electromagnet 213 attracts the armature 211, the control clutch 209 is pressed and fastened, the torque between the rotating case 203 and the inner shaft 205 is applied to the ball cam 217, and the main clutch 207 is moved via the pressure plate 219 by the generated cam thrust force. It is pressed and fastened.
[0011]
When the coupling 201 is connected in this way, the driving force of the engine is sent to the rear wheels and the vehicle enters a four-wheel drive state, and the rough road running performance and the stability of the vehicle body are improved.
[0012]
Further, when the pressing force of the armature 211 is adjusted by the electromagnet 213 and the control clutch 209 is slid appropriately, the cam thrust force of the ball cam 217 changes and the coupling force of the main clutch 207 changes, and the driving force sent to the rear wheels When the driving force distribution ratio between the front and rear wheels is controlled in this way, for example, the maneuverability and stability of the vehicle while turning is improved.
[0013]
When the suction of the armature 211 is stopped, the control clutch 209 is released, the cam thrust force of the ball cam 217 disappears, the main clutch 207 is released, the coupling 201 is released, and the vehicle enters a two-wheel drive state.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the case of a two-wheel drive vehicle that does not use a power intermittent mechanism such as the coupling 201, a flange is provided on the drive pinion shaft 223, and this flange is directly connected to the propeller shaft side.
[0015]
Further, when the coupling 201 is arranged at this position to make a four-wheel drive vehicle, the coupling 201 is accommodated in a stationary casing such as the differential carrier 227, and a coupling portion is provided to drive the coupling 201. The pinion shaft 223 and the propeller shaft are connected to each other.
[0016]
Furthermore, in order to accommodate the coupling 201, a design change is required to extend the differential carrier 227 in the axial direction, or a dedicated casing for accommodating the coupling 201 is required.
[0017]
In any case, the cost increases greatly, and the differential carrier 227 and the special casing fixed to the vehicle body are heavy, which is disadvantageous because the vehicle weight increases greatly.
[0018]
Further, if the differential carrier 227 is extended or a dedicated casing is disposed, it becomes easier to interfere with the peripheral members.
[0019]
In addition, since the road clearance becomes narrower, it becomes easier to interfere with the road surface and obstacles, and in order to prevent such a situation, it is necessary to increase the vehicle height accordingly, and the stability of the vehicle and the fuel efficiency of the engine are required. However, it will drop that much.
[0020]
Further, if the differential carrier 227 is extended or a special casing is used, the amount of oil injected into the differential carrier 227 increases accordingly, and the weight and cost further increase.
[0021]
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a coupling that can be arranged without major design change, cost increase, weight increase, load clearance decrease, and the like.
[0022]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The coupling according to claim 1 is transmitted when a case-shaped torque transmission member, a shaft-shaped torque transmission member penetrating the case, a main clutch and a control clutch disposed therebetween, and a control clutch are coupled. A receiving chamber that is formed between a cam that operates by receiving torque and connects the main clutch by a cam thrust force, and a case-like torque transmission member and a shaft-like torque transmission member, and accommodates the main clutch, the control clutch, and the cam. And an electromagnet that is exposed to the outside of the case-like torque transmission member and that operates the control clutch intermittently, and is arranged outside the casing on the stationary side, and each torque transmission member is directly or It is supported on the stationary side via a connecting member connected to these, and foreign matter is prevented from entering the storage chamber. Sealing means is provided, and the sealing means includes a sliding type sealing means disposed at a relative rotation portion between the case-like torque transmission member and the shaft-like torque transmission member, and an end side of the sealing means The shaft-shaped torque transmission member is supported by the case-shaped torque transmission member and seal means which is a seal bearing of both seals.The case-like torque transmission member is composed of a rotor on one side and a rotor on the other side having a wall portion, and an oil sump that communicates with the storage chamber and increases the amount of stored oil in the wall portion is provided. The oil reservoir is provided on the outer diameter side of the sliding type sealing means.It is characterized by that.
[0023]
When the electromagnet is excited, the armature moves by the magnetic force, and the control clutch is connected. When the control clutch is connected, torque between both torque transmission members is applied to the cam, and the main clutch is connected via the pressing member by the generated cam thrust force, and the coupling is connected.
[0024]
When the excitation current of the electromagnet is controlled, the cam thrust force changes due to slipping of the control clutch, and the coupling force of the main clutch and the transmission torque of the coupling can be adjusted.
[0025]
When the excitation of the electromagnet is stopped, the control clutch is released, the cam thrust force disappears, the main clutch is released, and the coupling is released.
[0026]
Further, since the coupling of claim 1 is arranged outside the stationary casing unlike the conventional example, it is not necessary to change the design of extending the stationary casing when arranging the coupling in a vehicle that does not use the coupling. It is.
[0027]
Further, since the stationary casing is not extended, interference with peripheral members is prevented.
[0028]
In addition, narrowing of the road clearance is avoided, so that interference with the road surface and obstacles is prevented, and there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference, thereby preventing a decrease in vehicle stability and fuel consumption. The
[0029]
Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, an increase in weight and cost due to an increase in the amount of injected oil is prevented.
[0030]
Even if the coupling is arranged outside, the provision of the sealing means prevents foreign matter from entering the inside of the storage chamber, so that a normal function is maintained.
[0031]
If this coupling is arranged in the front wheel side power transmission system or the rear wheel side power transmission system of a four-wheel drive vehicle, the vehicle will be in a four-wheel drive state when the coupling is connected, and the vehicle will be released when the connection is released. Becomes a two-wheel drive state.
[0032]
In addition to being arranged in the power transmission system of the front and rear wheels, this coupling is also provided between the front differential of the four-wheel drive vehicle (a differential device that distributes the driving force of the engine to the left and right front wheels) and the front axle. Alternatively, it may be arranged between the rear differential (a differential device that distributes the driving force of the engine to the left and right rear wheels) and the rear axle.
[0033]
  Also in this case, when the coupling is connected, the vehicle is in a four-wheel drive state, and when the connection is released, each differential device is freely differentially rotated to stop the transmission of driving force to the wheels, and the vehicle It becomes a driving state.
  In addition, since the storage chamber is sealed by the double sealing means, a reliable seal can be achieved, and the support stability as a coupling is improved by using the seal bearing.
  In addition, since the amount of oil that can be sealed in the storage chamber is increased by providing an oil reservoir, the main clutch, control clutch, cam, etc. stored in the sealed storage chamber are sufficiently lubricated and the amount of oil is increased. Oil stains are slowed down, so that the deterioration of the oil is reduced and the durability of the coupling is greatly improved.
Furthermore, by providing the oil reservoir on the outer diameter side of the sliding type sealing means, it is possible to effectively use the space of the wall portion and suppress the coupling from becoming large in the axial direction.
[0034]
  The invention of claim 2A case-like torque transmission member, a shaft-like torque transmission member penetrating into the case, a main clutch and a control clutch arranged between them, and when the control clutch is connected, receives the transmission torque and operates. A cam for connecting the main clutch by force, a case-shaped torque transmission member and a shaft-shaped torque transmission member, a housing chamber for accommodating the main clutch, the control clutch, and the cam; and the case-shaped torque transmission An electromagnet disposed on the outside of the member for intermittently operating the control clutch, and disposed on the outside of the stationary casing, and each torque transmission member directly or via a coupling member coupled thereto, Sealing means for supporting the stationary side and preventing foreign matter from entering the storage chamber is provided. A cover or dust seal in which a core of the recording magnet is disposed so as to penetrate into a recess provided in the case-shaped torque transmission member, and an appropriate gap is formed between the case-shaped torque transmission member and the core of the electromagnet Is providedIt is characterized by that.
[0035]
  When the electromagnet is excited, the armature moves by the magnetic force, and the control clutch is connected. When the control clutch is connected, torque between both torque transmission members is applied to the cam, and the main clutch is connected via the pressing member by the generated cam thrust force, and the coupling is connected.
  When the excitation current of the electromagnet is controlled, the cam thrust force changes due to slipping of the control clutch, and the coupling force of the main clutch and the transmission torque of the coupling can be adjusted.
  When the excitation of the electromagnet is stopped, the control clutch is released, the cam thrust force disappears, the main clutch is released, and the coupling is released.
  Further, since the coupling of claim 1 is arranged outside the stationary casing unlike the conventional example, it is not necessary to change the design of extending the stationary casing when arranging the coupling in a vehicle that does not use the coupling. It is.
  Further, since the stationary casing is not extended, interference with peripheral members is prevented.
  In addition, narrowing of the road clearance is avoided, so that interference with the road surface and obstacles is prevented, and there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference, thereby preventing a decrease in vehicle stability and fuel consumption. The
  Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, an increase in weight and cost due to an increase in the amount of injected oil is prevented.
  Even if the coupling is arranged outside, the provision of the sealing means prevents foreign matter from entering the inside of the storage chamber, so that a normal function is maintained.
  If this coupling is arranged in the front wheel side power transmission system or the rear wheel side power transmission system of a four-wheel drive vehicle, the vehicle will be in a four-wheel drive state when the coupling is connected, and the vehicle will be released when the connection is released. Becomes a two-wheel drive state.
  In addition to being arranged in the power transmission system of the front and rear wheels, this coupling is also provided between the front differential of the four-wheel drive vehicle (a differential device that distributes the driving force of the engine to the left and right front wheels) and the front axle. Alternatively, it may be arranged between the rear differential (a differential device that distributes the driving force of the engine to the left and right rear wheels) and the rear axle.
  In addition, intrusion of dust or muddy water into the air gap between the electromagnet and the case-like torque transmission member is prevented, and the control characteristics of the control clutch are stabilized.
[0037]
  The invention of claim 33. The invention according to claim 2, wherein a bearing of both seals is disposed between the core of the electromagnet and the case-shaped torque transmission member.It is characterized by that.
[0043]
  According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a case-like torque transmission member, a shaft-like torque transmission member penetrating the case, a main clutch and a control clutch disposed therebetween, and a transmission torque when the control clutch is connected. And a receiving chamber that is actuated to connect the main clutch by a cam thrust force, a housing chamber that is formed between the case-like torque transmission member and the shaft-like torque transmission member, and accommodates the main clutch and the control clutch; An electromagnet for intermittently operating the control clutch, disposed outside the casing on the stationary side, and supporting each torque transmission member on the stationary side directly or via a coupling member coupled thereto, Sealing means for preventing entry of foreign matter into the storage chamber is provided,
  The shaft-shaped torque transmission member is supported by the case-shaped torque transmission member at one end and the other end, respectively, and the sealing means is a shaft integrally formed with the case-shaped torque transmission member at the one end. And a seal member disposed between the case-shaped torque transmission member and the shaft-shaped torque transmission member on the other end side,
  In addition, a protective case that houses the case-shaped torque transmission member and the shaft-shaped torque transmission member and is coupled to the electromagnet on the one end side is disposed, and the protective case, the electromagnet, and the case-shaped torque transmission are arranged. Sealing means is provided between the membersThe electromagnet is disposed on the outer periphery of the case-shaped torque transmission member on the shaft side.It is characterized by that.
[0044]
  Unlike the conventional example, since it is arranged outside the stationary casing, it is not necessary to change the design of extending the stationary casing when arranging the coupling in a vehicle that does not use the coupling. Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, interference with peripheral members is prevented. In addition, narrowing of the road clearance is avoided, so that interference with the road surface and obstacles is prevented, and there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference, so that vehicle stability and fuel consumption are prevented from being lowered. The Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, an increase in weight and cost due to an increase in the amount of injected oil is prevented. Even if the coupling is arranged outside, the provision of the sealing means prevents foreign matter from entering the inside of the storage chamber, so that a normal function is maintained.
  Since the coupling is housed inside the protective case, the coupling is sufficiently protected from foreign matters and obstacles flying while the vehicle is running. In addition, since the sealing means is disposed between the protective case and each connecting member or between each torque transmission member, it is possible to ensure the action of preventing dust and muddy water from entering the protective case.
  Therefore, the coupling sealing structure disposed outside the stationary casing can be completed.
[0045]
Further, if the cover is made sufficiently large, and particularly disposed so as to cover the front side of the coupling, the entire coupling can be protected from foreign matters and obstacles flying during traveling.
[0055]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[First Embodiment]
The coupling 1 (first embodiment of the present invention) will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0056]
  FIG. 1 shows a coupling 1, and FIG. 3 shows a power system of a four-wheel drive vehicle using the coupling 1. The left and right directions are the left and right directions of the vehicle, and the right side in FIG. 1 corresponds to the front of the vehicle. In addition, the member etc. which are not giving the code | symbol are not illustrated.
[0057]
As shown in FIG. 3, this power system includes a horizontally installed engine 3 and transmission 5, a transfer 7, a front differential 9, front axles 11, 13, left and right front wheels 15, 17, coupling 1, and rear wheel propeller shaft. 19, rear differential 21, rear axles 23 and 25, left and right rear wheels 27 and 29, and the like.
[0058]
Thus, the coupling 1 is disposed in the power transmission system on the rear wheel side, and connects and disconnects the rear wheels 27 and 29.
[0059]
The driving force of the engine 3 is transmitted from the output gear 31 of the transmission 5 to the differential case 35 of the front differential 9 via the ring gear 33 and distributed from the front differential 9 to the left and right front wheels 15 and 17 via the front axles 11 and 13. Further, it is transmitted from the differential case 35 to the coupling 1 through the transfer 7.
[0060]
When the coupling 1 is connected, the vehicle is in a four-wheel drive state, and the driving force of the engine 3 is transmitted from the propeller shaft 19 to the rear differential 21, and the left and right rear wheels 27, 29 via the rear axles 23, 25. To be distributed.
[0061]
When the coupling 1 is released, the vehicle is in a two-wheel drive state, and the rear wheel side below the propeller shaft 19 is disconnected.
[0062]
As shown in FIG. 3, the coupling 1 is disposed behind the transfer case 37 (stationary casing) so as to be exposed to the outside.
[0063]
As shown in FIG. 1, the coupling 1 includes a rotating case 39 (case-shaped torque transmission member), a hollow inner shaft 41 (shaft-shaped torque transmission member), a multi-plate main clutch 43, a control clutch 45, and a cam ring 47. And a ball cam 49 (cam), a pressure plate 51, an armature 53, a ring-shaped electromagnet 55, a controller, and the like.
[0064]
The rotating case 39 includes a front rotor 59 having a wall portion 57 and a rear rotor 61, and the rotors 59 and 61 are connected by a connecting portion 63 provided between them.
[0065]
The rotors 59 and 61 are positioned in the axial direction by the abutting portion 65 and the nut 66 between them. Further, an O-ring 67 (seal means) is disposed between them to prevent entry of foreign matter and oil leakage.
[0066]
As shown in FIG. 3, the output shaft 69 of the transfer 7 protrudes rearward from the transfer case 37, and a flange 71 as a connecting member is formed at the rear end thereof. The flange 71 is abutted against the rotor 59 and is connected to the rotor 59 by bolts. An O-ring (seal means) is disposed at the abutting portion between the flange 71 and the rotor 59 to prevent foreign matter from entering.
[0067]
The output shaft 69 is supported on the transfer case 37 by a bearing. Therefore, the front end portion of the rotating case 39 is supported on the transfer case 37 via the output shaft 69 and the bearing.
[0068]
Further, the core 73 of the electromagnet 55 is fixed to the vehicle body side, and a bearing 75 of both seals is disposed between the rotating case 39 and the core 73. Thus, the rear end portion of the rotating case 39 is supported on the vehicle body side via both the seal bearings 75 and the core 73.
[0069]
The inner shaft 41 penetrates into the rotating case 39 from the rear. A connecting shaft 79 (FIG. 3) as a connecting member is connected to the spline portion 77 of the inner shaft 41, and this connecting shaft 79 is connected to the propeller shaft 19 via a joint 81. The connecting shaft 79 is supported on the vehicle body side by a bearing. Thus, the inner shaft 41 is supported on the vehicle body via the connecting shaft 79.
[0070]
The front end portion of the inner shaft 41 is supported by the rotor 59 of the rotating case 39 via a bearing 83 (seal means) of both seals, and the rear end portion is supported by the rotor 61 of the rotating case 39 via a needle bearing 85. It is supported.
[0071]
Between the inner shaft 41 and the rotor 61, X-rings 87 and 89 (sliding type seals: sealing means) having an X-shaped cross section are arranged to prevent oil leakage and entry of foreign matter. Yes.
[0072]
A housing chamber is formed between the rotating case 39 and the inner shaft 41. The housing chamber includes an O-ring 67 between the rotors 59 and 61, and both seal bearings 83 between the rotating case 39 and the inner shaft 41. Sealed by X-rings 87 and 89.
[0073]
In addition, oil is injected into the storage chamber from an oil supply passage 91 provided in the rotor 59. After the injection, the oil supply passage 91 is sealed by press-fitting a sealing ball 93.
[0074]
The rotor 59 is provided with an oil reservoir 95 communicating with the oil supply passage 91, and the injected oil is stored in the storage chamber and the oil reservoir 95.
[0075]
The main clutch 43 is disposed between the inner periphery of the rotating case 39 (rotor 59) and the outer periphery of the inner shaft 41.
[0076]
The control clutch 45 is disposed between the inner periphery of the rotor 59 and the outer periphery of the cam ring 47, and is pressed and fastened to the rotor 61 of the rotating case 39 by the armature 53 as will be described later.
[0077]
The ball cam 49 is disposed between the cam ring 47 and the pressure plate 51.
[0078]
The pressure plate 51 is connected to the outer periphery of the inner shaft 41 so as to be axially movable.
[0079]
A thrust bearing 97 that receives the cam reaction force of the ball cam 49 is disposed between the cam ring 47 and the rotor 61.
[0080]
The armature 53 is disposed between the control clutch 45 and the pressure plate 51. Further, a snap ring 99 is attached to the rotor 59 so that the armature 53 is positioned so as not to be too far from the control clutch 45, and contact between the armature 53 and the pressure plate 51 is prevented, thereby preventing magnetic leakage. Yes.
[0081]
In addition, the core 73 of the electromagnet 55 penetrates into the recess 101 provided in the rotor 61 to form an air gap 103.
[0082]
The controller receives a signal from each sensor such as a vehicle speed, a steering angle, and a lateral G to detect turning, or performs excitation of the electromagnet 55, excitation current control, excitation stop, and the like according to the road surface condition.
[0083]
When the electromagnet 55 is excited, a magnetic force loop 105 is formed, the armature 53 is attracted, and the control clutch 45 is pressed between the rotor 61 and fastened. When the control clutch 45 is fastened, torque between the rotating case 39 and the inner shaft 41 is applied to the ball cam 49, and the main clutch 43 is pressed and fastened via the pressure plate 51 by the generated cam thrust force.
[0084]
When the coupling 1 is thus connected, the driving force of the engine 3 is sent to the rear wheels 27 and 29 as described above, and the vehicle is in a four-wheel drive state. Improves.
[0085]
Further, when the exciting current of the electromagnet 55 is controlled, the cam thrust force of the ball cam 49 is changed by the slip of the control clutch 45, and the connecting force of the main clutch 43 is changed to adjust the driving force sent to the rear wheels 27 and 29. .
[0086]
In this way, by controlling the driving force distribution ratio between the front and rear wheels, for example, the maneuverability and stability of the vehicle while turning can be improved.
[0087]
When the excitation of the electromagnet 55 is stopped, the control clutch 45 is released, the cam thrust force of the ball cam 49 disappears, the main clutch 43 is released, the coupling 1 is released, and the vehicle is in a two-wheel drive state. Engine fuel efficiency is improved.
[0088]
Further, the rotor 61 of the rotating case 39 is provided with a ring 107 made of a non-magnetic material such as stainless steel. Further, a notch 109 is formed in each clutch plate of the control clutch 45, so Magnetic leakage is prevented, and the magnetic force of the electromagnet 55 is effectively concentrated on the armature 53.
[0089]
When the coupling 1 rotates, the oil in the oil reservoir 95 circulates in the accommodation chamber by the centrifugal force, and the main clutch 43, the ball cam 49, the control clutch 45, the needle bearing 85, the thrust bearing 97, and the like are sufficiently lubricated.
[0090]
Covers 111 and 113 are respectively attached to the core 73 and the rotating case 39 of the electromagnet 55, and an appropriate gap 115 is provided between them.
[0091]
These covers 111 and 113 prevent dust and muddy water from entering the storage chamber.
[0092]
The gap 115 may be formed with the cover 111 of the electromagnet 55 outside the cover 113 of the rotating case 39. In this way, the effect of preventing intrusion of dust, muddy water, etc. flying from the rotor 61 side of the vehicle is achieved. Further improvement.
[0093]
Further, if the cover 111 of the electromagnet 55 is enlarged inward in the radial direction (in this case, a hole for drawing out the lead wire 117 is provided) and the end of the rotor 61 is covered, the bearing 75 can be prevented from flying foreign matter. In addition, the electromagnet 55 or the entire coupling 1 can be protected.
[0094]
Further, if a flange portion is provided at the end of the connecting shaft 79 connected to the inner shaft 41, and the bearing 75 and the electromagnet 55 are covered with this flange portion, the bearing 75, the electromagnet 55, or the coupling 1 is similarly provided. Can be protected at the front.
[0095]
Thus, the coupling 1 is configured.
[0096]
Since the coupling 1 is disposed outside the transfer case 37 as described above, when the coupling 1 is disposed in a vehicle that does not use the coupling 1, unlike the conventional example, a design change that extends the transfer case 37 is performed. It is unnecessary.
[0097]
Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, interference with peripheral members is prevented.
[0098]
In addition, narrowing of the road clearance is avoided and interference with the road surface and obstacles is prevented, so there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference, resulting in a decrease in vehicle stability and fuel consumption. Is prevented.
[0099]
Further, since the stationary casing is not extended, an increase in the amount of injected oil, and an increase in weight and cost due to this are prevented.
[0100]
Further, since the rotating case 39 is connected to the output shaft 69 and the inner shaft 41 is connected to the connecting shaft 79, the configuration of the rear wheel side power transmission system becomes simple, light weight and low cost.
[0101]
On the contrary, the same effect can be obtained by connecting the rotating case 39 to the connecting shaft 79 and connecting the inner shaft 41 to the output shaft 69.
[0102]
Even if the coupling 1 is arranged outside, the storage chamber is sealed by the O-ring 67, the seal bearing 83, the X-rings 87 and 89, etc., so that foreign matter intrusion and oil leakage are prevented and normal functioning is achieved. Is kept for a long time.
[0103]
In addition, since the flange 71 provided on the output shaft 69 is abutted against the rotating case 39 and this abutting portion is used as an arrangement position of the O-ring, the cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0104]
In addition, since no sliding occurs at the abutting portion, a sufficient sealing effect can be obtained even if a seal having a simple structure such as an O-ring is used at a low cost.
[0105]
In addition, the bearing 83 is originally necessary for the support portion between the rotating case 39 and the inner shaft 41. By making the bearing 83 into a seal type, no special sealing means is required at this point. Therefore, it can be implemented at a low cost.
[0106]
In addition, when the rotor 61 side is provided in front of the vehicle as described above, the cover 111 is sufficiently large and disposed so as to cover the front side of the coupling 1. The entire coupling 1 can be protected from objects.
[0107]
Further, the X-rings 87 and 89 which are sliding type seals are inexpensive and can be implemented at a low cost.
[0108]
Further, since the amount of oil that can be enclosed in the storage chamber is increased by providing an oil reservoir 95, the main clutch 43, the control clutch 45, the ball cam 49, etc. in the sealed storage chamber are sufficiently lubricated and the amount of oil is increased. As a result, the dirt of the oil is delayed, the deterioration of the oil is reduced accordingly, and the durability of the coupling 1 is greatly improved.
[0109]
[Second Embodiment]
Next, the coupling 119 (second embodiment of the present invention) will be described with reference to FIGS.
[0110]
  FIG. 2 shows the coupling 119. The left and right directions are the left and right directions of the vehicle in FIG. 3, and the right side in FIG. 2 corresponds to the front of the vehicle. In addition, the member etc. which are not giving the code | symbol are not illustrated.
[0111]
The coupling 119 is disposed at the same position as the coupling 1 in the power system of the four-wheel drive vehicle shown in FIG.
[0112]
Hereinafter, members having the same function as the coupling 1 will be referred to with the same reference numerals, and redundant description of these members will be omitted.
[0113]
The coupling 119 is disposed behind the transfer case (stationary casing) 37 and exposed to the outside.
[0114]
As shown in FIG. 2, the coupling 119 includes a rotating case 39, an inner shaft 41, a multi-plate main clutch 43 and a control clutch 45, a cam ring 47, a ball cam 49, a pressure plate 51, an armature 53, an electromagnet 55, a piston 121, and a dust seal. 123 (seal means), a controller, and the like.
[0115]
A cylinder 125 is formed on the wall 57 of the rotor 59, and the piston 121 is movably fitted to the cylinder 125 via an O-ring 127.
[0116]
The left end of the piston 121 is subjected to the oil pressure of the storage chamber, and the right end of the piston 121 is formed with an air chamber 129 (spring) that is an air spring that pushes back the oil pressure.
[0117]
The piston 121 moves to the right when the hydraulic pressure increases due to the temperature change of the storage chamber or the rotation of each member, etc., and the air in the air chamber 129 is compressed. When the hydraulic pressure decreases, the piston 121 is moved to the left by the air spring of the air chamber 129. Pushed back.
[0118]
Thus, the movement of the piston 121 due to the fluctuation of the hydraulic pressure reduces the hydraulic pressure fluctuation of the storage chamber, so that the sealing means such as the O-ring 67, the seal bearing 83, the X-rings 87 and 89 are protected from excessive hydraulic pressure, Durability is greatly improved.
[0119]
The dust seal 123 is disposed between the core 73 of the electromagnet 55 and the nut 66 screwed to the rotor 59, and prevents dust and muddy water from entering the storage chamber.
[0120]
The output shaft 69 of the transfer 7 is connected to the rotor 59 via a flange 71 as a connecting member. Similarly, a connecting shaft 79 as a connecting member is connected to a spline portion 77 of the inner shaft 41.
[0121]
Thus, the coupling 119 is configured.
[0122]
By providing the piston 121 (hydraulic adjustment means) that moves according to the balance between the hydraulic pressure fluctuation of the storage chamber and the air spring of the air chamber 129, the hydraulic pressure fluctuation of the storage chamber is reduced, so the O-ring 67, the seal bearing 83, Sealing means such as X-rings 87 and 89 are protected from excessive hydraulic pressure, and durability is greatly improved.
[0123]
In addition to this, the coupling 119 obtains the same effect as the coupling 1 of the first embodiment except for the effect of using the covers 111 and 113.
[0124]
  The hydraulic pressure adjusting means may be, for example, a coil spring, a disc spring, or a diaphragm in addition to the piston 121 and the air spring of the second embodiment. If these hydraulic pressure adjusting means are arranged so as to bend in response to the hydraulic pressure fluctuation of the storage chamber, the load on the sealing means due to the hydraulic pressure fluctuation is reduced, and the durability is greatly improved.
[0125]
[Third Embodiment]
Next, the coupling 141 (third embodiment of the present invention) will be described with reference to FIG.
[0126]
  FIG. 4 shows a coupling 141 and a protective case 140 that accommodates the coupling 141. The coupling 141 is disposed at the same position as the coupling 1 behind the transfer case 37 (stationary casing) in FIG. The left side of FIG. 4 is the front of the vehicle.
[0127]
This coupling 141 is different from the coupling 1 (first embodiment, FIG. 1) in that it is accommodated in the protective case 140. Therefore, the differences will be mainly described, and overlapping description will be omitted.
[0128]
As shown in FIG. 4, the protective case 140 that accommodates the coupling 141 includes a flange portion 147 of a ring-shaped electromagnet 145 coupled to one side of a hollow cylindrical portion 143 by a bolt 149 and is fixed to the vehicle body side. ing. The tightening surface by the bolt 149 is sealed by a seal member 151.
[0129]
On the other hand, the coupling 141 in the protective case 140 includes a rotating case (case-shaped torque transmission member) 153, an inner shaft (shaft-shaped torque transmission member) 155, a multi-plate main clutch 157, a control clutch 159, a cam ring 161, and a ball cam. 163, a pressure plate 165, an armature 167, an electromagnet 145, a controller, and the like.
[0130]
The rotating case 153 is formed by joining a rotor portion 169 as a connecting member on the input side and a cylindrical case portion 171, and the rotor portion 169 and the case portion 171 are protected via seal bearings 173 and 175, respectively. The case 140 is positioned in the axial direction and is rotatably supported. A seal member 177 is disposed adjacent to the seal bearing 175.
[0131]
Thus, the air chamber 179 between the coupling 141 and the protective case 140 is sealed by the seal bearing (seal means) 173 and the seal member 151 on the input side and sealed by the seal member (seal means) 177 on the output side. Yes. The driving force of the engine is input to the shaft portion 169a of the rotor portion 169.
[0132]
The inner shaft 155 penetrates the rotor part 169 and the case part 171 of the rotating case 153. The front end portion of the inner shaft 155 is supported by the rotor portion 169, and the rear end portion is supported by the case portion 171 via the needle bearing 181. A seal member 183 is disposed between the inner shaft 155 and the case portion 171.
[0133]
A storage chamber is formed between the rotating case 153 and the inner shaft 155. Lubricating oil is injected into the storage chamber from an oil supply port (not shown), and the inside is sealed by a seal member 183. Leakage and entry of foreign matter from the outside are prevented.
[0134]
Further, an output member 185 as an output side connecting member is spline connected to the inner periphery of the rear portion of the inner shaft 155, and the engine driving force input to the coupling 141 is output to the output member 185.
[0135]
The main clutch 157 is disposed between the inner periphery of the rotating case 153 and the outer periphery of the inner shaft 155 in the accommodation chamber. Similarly, the control clutch 159 is disposed between the inner periphery of the rotating case 153 and the outer periphery of the cam ring 161. Has been placed.
[0136]
When the electromagnet 145 is energized through the lead wire 187, the armature 167 is attracted and the control clutch 159 is fastened. The fastening torque of the control clutch 159 is expanded and converted into a thrust force by the cam action between the cam ring 161, the ball cam 163, and the pressure plate 165, and is pressed by the pressure plate 165 to engage the main clutch 157.
[0137]
The controller detects the turning traveling state from the vehicle speed, the steering angle, the lateral G, or the like, or performs excitation of the electromagnet 145, excitation current control, excitation stop, and the like according to the road surface state.
[0138]
An oil reservoir 189 is provided at the front axial center of the inner shaft 155, and the lubricating oil lubricates and cools the sliding portions in the rotating case 153 sealed through the oil passage 155a.
[0139]
With this configuration, according to the present embodiment, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained, and the coupling 141 is accommodated in the protective case 140, so that the vehicle is traveling. It is fully protected from foreign objects and obstacles flying in
[0140]
Further, since the shaft portion 169a is integrally formed with the rotor portion 169, the shaft portion 169a serves as a sealing means. Therefore, the seal member other than the seal bearing 173 and the seal member 151 is provided on the input side of the rotary case 153. Becomes unnecessary, and the cost can be reduced accordingly.
[0141]
Further, since the protective case 140 has a simple structure and a small diameter, the weight and cost can be reduced, and the load clearance and the vehicle height are not greatly affected.
[0142]
【The invention's effect】
Since the coupling of claim 1 is arranged outside the stationary casing, it is not necessary to change the stationary casing or to use a dedicated housing casing when it is arranged in a vehicle that does not use the coupling. Increase in cost and increase in vehicle weight can be avoided.
[0143]
In addition, since interference with peripheral members is prevented and the road clearance is not narrowed, there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference with the road surface and obstacles, and vehicle stability and fuel consumption are prevented from being reduced. The
[0144]
Further, an increase in oil injection amount, an increase in weight, and an increase in cost are prevented.
[0145]
  Even if the coupling is arranged outside the stationary casing, the sealing means prevents foreign matter from entering, so that the normal function is maintained for a long time.
  In addition, since the double sealing means is provided for the storage chamber, a reliable seal can be achieved. Furthermore, the support stability of the coupling is improved by using the seal bearing.
[0146]
  When the electromagnet is excited, the armature moves by the magnetic force, and the control clutch is connected. When the control clutch is connected, torque between both torque transmission members is applied to the cam, and the main clutch is connected via the pressing member by the generated cam thrust force, and the coupling is connected.
  When the excitation current of the electromagnet is controlled, the cam thrust force changes due to slipping of the control clutch, and the coupling force of the main clutch and the transmission torque of the coupling can be adjusted.
  When the excitation of the electromagnet is stopped, the control clutch is released, the cam thrust force disappears, the main clutch is released, and the coupling is released.
  Further, since the coupling of claim 1 is arranged outside the stationary casing unlike the conventional example, it is not necessary to change the design of extending the stationary casing when arranging the coupling in a vehicle that does not use the coupling. It is.
  Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, interference with peripheral members is prevented.
  In addition, narrowing of the road clearance is avoided, so that interference with the road surface and obstacles is prevented, and there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference, so that vehicle stability and fuel consumption are prevented from being lowered. The
  Moreover, since the stationary casing is not extended, an increase in weight and cost due to an increase in the amount of injected oil is prevented.
  Even if the coupling is arranged outside, the provision of the sealing means prevents foreign matter from entering the inside of the storage chamber, so that a normal function is maintained.
  If this coupling is arranged in the front wheel side power transmission system or the rear wheel side power transmission system of a four-wheel drive vehicle, the vehicle will be in a four-wheel drive state when the coupling is connected, and the vehicle will be released when the connection is released. Becomes a two-wheel drive state.
  In addition to being arranged in the power transmission system of the front and rear wheels, this coupling is also provided between the front differential of the four-wheel drive vehicle (a differential device that distributes the driving force of the engine to the left and right front wheels) and the front axle. Alternatively, it may be arranged between the rear differential (a differential device that distributes the driving force of the engine to the left and right rear wheels) and the rear axle.
  In addition, intrusion of dust or muddy water into the air gap between the electromagnet and the case-like torque transmission member is prevented, and the control characteristics of the control clutch are stabilized.
  In addition, since the amount of oil enclosed in the storage chamber is increased by providing an oil reservoir, each function in the storage chamber is sufficiently lubricated, and the increased amount of oil reduces the deterioration of the oil, and the durability of the coupling Is greatly improved.
In addition, because the amount of oil enclosed in the storage chamber is increased by providing an oil sump, each function in the storage chamber is sufficiently lubricated, and the increase in the oil reduces the deterioration of the oil, and the durability of the coupling Is greatly improved. Further, by providing the oil reservoir on the outer diameter side of the sliding type sealing means, it is possible to effectively use the space of the wall portion and suppress the coupling from being enlarged in the axial direction.
[0147]
  The invention of claim 3 achieves the same effect as that of the structure of claim 2, and prevents intrusion of dust, muddy water, etc. into the air gap between the electromagnet and the case-like torque transmission member, and the control characteristics of the control clutch Is stable.
[0150]
  Since the invention of claim 4 is arranged outside the stationary casing, it is not necessary to change the stationary casing or to use a dedicated housing casing when it is arranged in a vehicle that does not use a coupling. A rise and an increase in vehicle weight can be avoided. In addition, since interference with peripheral members is prevented and the road clearance is not narrowed, there is no need to increase the vehicle height in order to prevent interference with the road surface and obstacles, and vehicle stability and fuel consumption are prevented from being reduced. The Further, an increase in oil injection amount, an increase in weight, and an increase in cost are prevented. Even if the coupling is arranged outside the stationary casing, the sealing means prevents foreign matter from entering, so that the normal function is maintained for a long time. In addition, since the double sealing means is provided for the storage chamber, a reliable seal can be achieved. Furthermore, the support stability of the coupling is improved by using the seal bearing. Furthermore, the protective case that accommodates the coupling sufficiently protects the coupling from foreign matters and obstacles flying while the vehicle is running, and the sealing means ensures the intrusion preventing action such as dust and muddy water.Therefore, the seal structure of the coupling disposed outside the stationary casing can be completed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a coupling according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a coupling according to a second embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a skeleton mechanism diagram showing a power system of a four-wheel drive vehicle using a coupling according to each embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an upper half portion of a coupling according to a third embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a conventional coupling.
[Explanation of symbols]
1, 119, 141 coupling
37 Transfer case (stationary casing)
39,153 Rotating case (case-shaped torque transmission member)
41,155 Inner shaft (axial torque transmission member)
43,157 Main clutch
45,159 Control clutch
49,163 Ball cam (cam)
55,145 electromagnet
67 O-ring (sealing means)
71 Flange (connection member)
79 Connection shaft (connection member)
87, 89 X ring (sliding type seal: sealing means)
83 Sealed bearing (sealing means)
95,189 Oil reservoir
121 piston
123 Dust seal (sealing means)
129 Air chamber (air spring: spring)
140 Protective case
147 Flange
151, 177, 183 Sealing member (sealing means)
169 Rotor (connecting member)
173 Seal bearing
185 Output member (connection member)

Claims (4)

A case-like torque transmission member, a shaft-like torque transmission member penetrating into the case, a main clutch and a control clutch arranged between them, and when the control clutch is connected, receives the transmission torque and operates. A cam for connecting the main clutch by force, a case-shaped torque transmission member and a shaft-shaped torque transmission member, a housing chamber for accommodating the main clutch, the control clutch, and the cam; and the case-shaped torque transmission An electromagnet that is exposed to the outside of the member and that intermittently operates the control clutch, and is arranged outside the casing on the stationary side, and each torque transmission member is directly or directly connected to the connecting member. And sealing means for supporting the stationary side and preventing entry of foreign matter into the storage chamber.
The sealing means includes a sliding type sealing means disposed at a relative rotation portion between the case-like torque transmission member and the shaft-shaped torque transmission member, and the shaft-like torque transmission member on an end side of the sealing means. Ri and Do and a sealing means is a sealing bearing of the two seal bearing the torque transmission member like the case, said case-like torque transmitting member is made of the other side of the rotor having a rotor and a wall of one side, An oil sump that communicates with the storage chamber and increases the amount of stored oil in the wall is provided, and the oil sump is provided on the outer diameter side of the sliding type sealing means. Coupling. A case-like torque transmission member, a shaft-like torque transmission member penetrating into the case, a main clutch and a control clutch arranged between them, and when the control clutch is connected, receives the transmission torque and operates. A cam for connecting the main clutch by force, a case-shaped torque transmission member and a shaft-shaped torque transmission member, a housing chamber for accommodating the main clutch, the control clutch, and the cam; and the case-shaped torque transmission An electromagnet disposed on the outside of the member for intermittently operating the control clutch, and disposed on the outside of the stationary casing, and each torque transmission member directly or via a coupling member coupled thereto, Sealing means is provided for supporting the stationary side and preventing foreign matter from entering the storage chamber,
Further, the electromagnet core is disposed so as to penetrate into a recess provided in the case-shaped torque transmission member, and a cover that forms an appropriate gap between the case-shaped torque transmission member and the electromagnet core, or Coupling characterized in that a dust seal is provided.   3. The coupling according to claim 2, wherein bearings of both seals are disposed between the electromagnet core and the case-shaped torque transmission member. A case-like torque transmission member, a shaft-like torque transmission member penetrating into the case, a main clutch and a control clutch arranged between them, and when the control clutch is connected, receives the transmission torque and operates. A cam for connecting the main clutch by force, a housing chamber for accommodating the main clutch and the control clutch, and an electromagnet for intermittently operating the control clutch, which are formed between the case-like torque transmission member and the shaft-like torque transmission member. And is disposed outside the casing on the stationary side, supports each torque transmission member directly or via a coupling member coupled to the torque transmission member, and removes foreign matter to the storage chamber. Sealing means to prevent intrusion are provided,
The shaft-shaped torque transmission member is supported by the case-shaped torque transmission member at one end and the other end, respectively, and the sealing means is a shaft integrally formed with the case-shaped torque transmission member at the one end. And a seal member disposed between the case-shaped torque transmission member and the shaft-shaped torque transmission member on the other end side,
In addition, a protective case that houses the case-shaped torque transmission member and the shaft-shaped torque transmission member and is coupled to the electromagnet on the one end side is disposed, and the protective case, the electromagnet, and the case-shaped torque transmission are arranged. Sealing means is provided between the members, and the electromagnet is disposed on the outer periphery of the case-shaped torque transmission member on the shaft side .

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