JP4088457B2 - Safety valve for pressure vessel - Google Patents
Safety valve for pressure vessel Download PDFInfo
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- JP4088457B2 JP4088457B2 JP2002049354A JP2002049354A JP4088457B2 JP 4088457 B2 JP4088457 B2 JP 4088457B2 JP 2002049354 A JP2002049354 A JP 2002049354A JP 2002049354 A JP2002049354 A JP 2002049354A JP 4088457 B2 JP4088457 B2 JP 4088457B2
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- pressure vessel
- gas
- gas escape
- low melting
- safety valve
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
- Safety Valves (AREA)
Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、天然ガス自動車用燃料ガスの圧力容器などに付設される安全弁に関し、さらに詳しくは、設定作動温度よりも低温ではガス逃し路を確実に封止し、設定作動温度以上に昇温するとガス逃し路を速やかに開放して圧力容器の破裂を防止でき、しかも、環境汚染の惧れのない圧力容器用安全弁に関する。
【0002】
【発明の背景】
例えば天然ガスを燃料とする自動車は、燃料である天然ガスを高圧(例えば、20MPa)で充填したガスボンベ(圧力容器)を塔載している。この圧力容器は所定の耐圧性能を備えているが、事故時の火災等で昇温した際に破裂せぬように圧力容器用安全弁を備えており、この安全弁は、例えば約100〜135℃の範囲内で設定される所定温度以上に昇温すると、圧力容器内のガスを外部へ逃がすように作動する。
【0003】
【従来の技術】
上記の所定温度以上に昇温すると作動する圧力容器用安全弁は、通常、圧力容器の内部空間と外部空間とを連通するガス逃し路を有しており、さらに、このガス逃し路を開放可能に封止する閉鎖体を有している。
上記の閉鎖体は、設定作動温度よりも低温では、固相状態の低融点合金により上記のガス逃し路を封止する封止姿勢に保持されている。そして設定作動温度以上に昇温すると、上記の低融点合金の溶融流動により、上記の閉鎖体が開放姿勢に移動して上記のガス逃し路が開放される。これにより、上記の圧力容器内の高圧ガスが外部空間へ排出され、圧力容器の破裂が防止される。なお、上記の閉鎖体は、この閉鎖体自体が低融点合金で構成される場合と、別の低融点合金で支持されたピストン状のバックアップ部材で構成される場合とがある。
【0004】
上記の低融点合金は、設定作動温度以上に達すると速やかに溶融・流動して閉鎖体を開放姿勢に移動させ、ガス逃し路を開放する必要がある。一方、設定作動温度に達するまでは、上記の低融点合金は固相状態を保持するだけでなく、高圧下で流動変形する、いわゆるクリープを生じて上記の閉鎖体を開放姿勢に移動させることがあってはならない。
【0005】
従来、上記の低融点合金としては、例えばビスマス(Bi)54重量%、スズ(Sn)26重量%、カドミウム(Cd)20重量%を含有するものがあり、この低融点合金の結晶温度は102〜103℃であり、設定作動温度は106℃程度となっている。
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記の従来の圧力容器用安全弁は、設定温度よりも低温では閉鎖体を封止姿勢に保持でき、しかも設定温度以上に達すると低融点合金が溶融流動して閉鎖体を開放姿勢に移動でき、ガス逃し路を確実に開放できる利点があるが、この低融点合金に有害なカドミウムを含んでいるため、安全作動時や廃棄処分時に環境を汚染する惧れがあった。
【0007】
本発明は上記の問題点を解消し、設定作動温度よりも低温ではガス逃し路を確実に封止し、設定作動温度以上に昇温するとガス逃し路を速やかに開放して圧力容器の破裂を防止でき、しかも、環境汚染の惧れのない圧力容器用安全弁を提供することを技術的課題とする。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は上記の課題を解決するため、例えば本発明の実施の形態を示す図1及び図2に基づいて説明すると、圧力容器用安全弁を次のように構成したものである。
即ち、本発明は、圧力容器(4)に付設され、この圧力容器(4)の内部空間(4a)と外部空間とを連通するガス逃し路(13)と、このガス逃し路(13)を開放可能に封止する閉鎖体(17)とを有し、上記の閉鎖体(17)は、設定作動温度よりも低温では固相状態の低融点合金(16)により上記のガス逃し路(13)を封止する封止姿勢に保持され、設定作動温度以上に昇温すると上記の低融点合金(16)の溶融流動により開放姿勢に移動して上記のガス逃し路(13)を開放する圧力容器用安全弁であって、上記の低融点合金(16)が、インジウム(In)32〜34重量%と、ビスマス(Bi)66〜68重量%とを含有することを特徴とする。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
図1は本発明の第1実施形態を示す、圧力容器用安全弁を備えたガスボンベ用バルブ装置の一部破断立面図である。
【0010】
図1に示すように、このバルブ装置(1)は、ハウジング(2)の脚ネジ部(3)が圧力容器であるガスボンベ(4)の首部(5)に螺着固定される。上記のハウジング(2)には、ガス入口(6)と入口路(7)と開閉弁(8)と出口路(9)とガス出口(10)とを順に設けてある。なお、符号(11)は過流防止弁を示す。
【0011】
図1において、上記のハウジング(2)の右側の側面には安全弁(12)が付設してある。この安全弁(12)はガス逃し路(13)と、合金収容部(14)と、ガス排出路(15)とを備えている。上記のガス逃し路(13)は、前記の入口路(7)を介してガスボンベ(4)の内部空間(4a)に連通してあり、上記のガス排出路(15)を介してガスボンベ(4)の外部空間に連通してある。そして、上記の合金収容部(14)に低融点合金(16)が充填され、この低融点合金(16)により上記のガス逃し路(13)を封止する閉鎖体(17)が構成されている。なお、上記のガス逃し路(13)は、上記の入口路(7)を経ずに直接ガスボンベ(4)の内部空間(4a)へ連通させてあってもよい。
【0012】
上記の低融点合金(16)はインジウム(In)とビスマス(Bi) からなり、設定作動温度よりも低温(例えば94.5℃)では固相状態である。従ってこの低融点合金(16)からなる上記の閉鎖体(17)は、設定作動温度よりも低温では上記のガス逃し路(13)を封止する封止姿勢に保持されている。
【0013】
火災発生時など、上記のガスボンベ(4)が加熱されて設定作動温度以上に昇温すると上記の低融点合金(16)が溶融する。このため、この低融点合金(16)からなる上記の閉鎖体(17)はガスボンベ(4)内の圧縮ガスに押圧されて流動し、上記のガス排出路(15)から押し出される。これにより上記のガス逃し路(13)が開放されて、ガスボンベ(4)内の圧縮ガスがガス逃し路(13)から上記のガス排出路(15)を経て外部へ排出され、ガスボンベ(4)の破裂が防止される。
【0014】
上記の第1実施形態では閉鎖体を低融点合金で形成したが、本発明に用いる閉鎖体は、低融点合金とは別に形成してもよい。
即ち、図2に示す第2実施形態では、圧力容器用安全弁(12)は、図示しない圧力容器に付設したバルブ装置に装着されており、ガス逃し路(13)と、このガス逃し路(13)を開放可能に封止する閉鎖体(17)と、ガス排出路(15)と、合金収容部(14)と、この合金収容部(14)に収容された低融点合金(16)と、合金排出路(18)とを備えている。
【0015】
上記のガス逃し路(13)は、前記の第1実施形態と同様、図示しない圧力容器の内部空間に連通してある。上記の閉鎖体(17)はピストン状に形成され、図2に示すように、上記の低融点合金により上記のガス逃し路(13)を封止する封止姿勢に保持されており、押圧バネ(19)により開放方向(図2における左方向)へ弾圧されている。
【0016】
上記の低融点合金(16)は、設定作動温度よりも低温では固相状態にあり、上記の閉鎖体(17)を封止姿勢に保持しているが、設定作動温度に昇温すると溶融して上記の合金排出路(18)から排出される。これにより上記の閉鎖体(17)が開放方向へ移動し、ガス逃し路(13)が開放されて、圧力容器内のガスがガス逃し路(13)から上記のガス排出路(15)を経て外部へ排出され、圧力容器の破裂が防止される。
【0017】
次に、上記の低融点合金の具体的な組成について説明する。
【0018】
【実施例1】
インジウム(In)33重量%と、ビスマス(Bi)67重量%とを含有する金属組成の合金を調製し、上記の第2実施形態の安全弁(12)の合金収容部(14)に充填して、上記のピストン状の閉鎖体(17)を支持させた。
上記の低融点合金(16)は結晶温度が109℃であり、113℃に達すると溶融して上記の合金排出路(18)から速やかに排出され、これにより上記の閉鎖体(17)が開放方向に移動し、ガス逃し路(13)が円滑に開放された。
また、クリープ特性を調べるため、32.5MPaの圧力下で設定作動温度よりも低い94.5℃に加熱したところ、500時間経過した後も低融点合金(16)は変形が僅かであり、上記の合金排出路(18)の外部へ押し出されることがなく、上記のガス逃し路(13)を閉鎖体(17)で封止状態に維持することができた。
【0019】
本発明に用いる低融点合金は、溶融・流動する温度が100〜135℃の間にあるので、本発明の圧力容器用安全弁は、天然ガス自動車用燃料ガスの圧力容器に特に好適である。しかしながら、本発明の安全弁は、汎用のガスボンベなど、他の圧力容器にも適用できることはいうまでもない。
【0020】
【発明の効果】
本発明に用いる低融点合金はカドミウムや鉛などの有害金属を含まないので、安全作動時や廃棄処理時に低融点合金が排出されても、環境を汚染する惧れがない。しかも、この低融点合金は所定の設定作動温度で溶融・流動するので、ガス逃し路を速やかに開放して圧力容器の破裂を防止でき、また、設定作動温度よりも低温ではクリープ変形が少なく、ガス逃し路を確実に封止できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】 本発明の第1実施形態を示す、圧力容器用安全弁を備えたガスボンベ用バルブ装置の一部破断立面図である。
【図2】 第2実施形態を示す、安全弁の縦断面図である。
【符号の説明】
4…圧力容器(ガスボンベ)
4a…内部空間
12…安全弁
13…ガス逃し路
16…低融点合金
17…閉鎖体[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a safety valve attached to a fuel gas pressure vessel for a natural gas vehicle, and more specifically, when a gas escape path is securely sealed at a temperature lower than a set operating temperature, and the temperature is raised to a set operating temperature or higher. The present invention relates to a safety valve for a pressure vessel that can quickly open a gas escape path to prevent bursting of the pressure vessel and is free from environmental pollution.
[0002]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
For example, an automobile using natural gas as a fuel is equipped with a gas cylinder (pressure vessel) filled with natural gas as a fuel at a high pressure (for example, 20 MPa). This pressure vessel has a predetermined pressure resistance, but is provided with a pressure vessel safety valve so that it does not rupture when the temperature rises due to a fire or the like at the time of an accident. This safety valve is, for example, about 100 to 135 ° C. When the temperature rises above a predetermined temperature set within the range, the gas in the pressure vessel is operated to escape to the outside.
[0003]
[Prior art]
The pressure valve safety valve that operates when the temperature rises above the predetermined temperature usually has a gas escape passage that communicates the internal space and external space of the pressure vessel, and this gas escape passage can be opened. It has a closure for sealing.
The closed body is held in a sealing posture in which the gas escape path is sealed with a low-melting-point alloy in a solid phase at a temperature lower than the set operating temperature. When the temperature rises above the set operating temperature, the closed body moves to the open posture due to the melt flow of the low melting point alloy, and the gas escape path is opened. As a result, the high-pressure gas in the pressure vessel is discharged to the external space, and the pressure vessel is prevented from bursting. In addition, said closure body may be comprised with the case where this closure body itself is comprised with a low melting-point alloy, and the case where it is comprised with the piston-shaped backup member supported by another low melting-point alloy.
[0004]
When the above-mentioned low melting point alloy reaches the set operating temperature or higher, it needs to melt and flow quickly, move the closed body to the open posture, and open the gas escape path. On the other hand, until the set operating temperature is reached, the low-melting-point alloy not only maintains a solid state but also causes a so-called creep that causes fluid deformation under high pressure, thereby moving the closed body to an open position. Must not be.
[0005]
Conventionally, the low melting point alloy includes, for example, 54 % by weight of bismuth (Bi), 26 % by weight of tin (Sn), and 20 % by weight of cadmium (Cd). The operating temperature is about 106 ° C.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The above-mentioned conventional safety valve for a pressure vessel can hold the closed body in a sealed posture at a temperature lower than a set temperature, and when reaching a set temperature or higher, the low melting point alloy can melt and flow to move the closed body to an open posture. Although there is an advantage that the gas escape passage can be surely opened, the low melting point alloy contains harmful cadmium, so there is a concern that the environment may be polluted during safe operation or disposal.
[0007]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, reliably seals the gas escape path at a temperature lower than the set operating temperature, and quickly opens the gas escape path when the temperature rises above the set operating temperature, thereby rupturing the pressure vessel. It is a technical problem to provide a safety valve for a pressure vessel that can be prevented and that is free from environmental pollution.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-described problems, the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 showing an embodiment of the present invention, for example, and a pressure vessel safety valve is configured as follows.
That is, the present invention includes a gas escape passage (13) attached to the pressure vessel (4), which communicates the internal space (4a) of the pressure vessel (4) and the external space, and the gas escape passage (13). A closing body (17) for releasably sealing, and the closing body (17) includes the gas escape path (13) by a low melting point alloy (16) in a solid state at a temperature lower than a set operating temperature. ) Is maintained in a sealing posture, and when the temperature rises above the set operating temperature, the pressure that moves to the open posture due to the melt flow of the low melting point alloy (16) and opens the gas escape passage (13). a container safety valve, said low melting point alloy (16), indium (in) and 32 to 34 wt%, you characterized by containing bismuth (Bi) 66 to 68 wt%.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 is a partially broken elevation view of a gas cylinder valve device equipped with a pressure vessel safety valve, showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 1, in this valve device (1), a leg screw part (3) of a housing (2) is screwed and fixed to a neck part (5) of a gas cylinder (4) as a pressure vessel. The housing (2) is provided with a gas inlet (6), an inlet passage (7), an on-off valve (8), an outlet passage (9), and a gas outlet (10) in this order. Reference numeral (11) denotes an overflow prevention valve.
[0011]
In FIG. 1, a safety valve (12) is attached to the right side surface of the housing (2). The safety valve (12) includes a gas escape path (13), an alloy housing part (14), and a gas discharge path (15). The gas escape passage (13) communicates with the internal space (4a) of the gas cylinder (4) via the inlet passage (7), and the gas cylinder (4) via the gas discharge passage (15). ) Communicated with the external space. The alloy housing portion (14) is filled with a low melting point alloy (16), and the low melting point alloy (16) constitutes a closing body (17) for sealing the gas escape path (13). Yes. The gas escape path (13) may be directly communicated with the internal space (4a) of the gas cylinder (4) without passing through the inlet path (7).
[0012]
The above low melting point alloy (16) is indium (In) and bismuth (Bi) or Rannahli a solid state at a low temperature (e.g., 94.5 ° C.) than the set operating temperature. Therefore, the closing body (17) made of the low melting point alloy (16) is held in a sealing posture for sealing the gas escape passage (13) at a temperature lower than the set operating temperature.
[0013]
When the gas cylinder (4) is heated to a temperature higher than the set operating temperature, such as when a fire occurs, the low melting point alloy (16) melts. For this reason, the closing body (17) made of the low melting point alloy (16) is pressed and flows by the compressed gas in the gas cylinder (4), and is pushed out from the gas discharge passage (15). As a result, the gas escape passage (13) is opened, and the compressed gas in the gas cylinder (4) is discharged from the gas escape passage (13) to the outside through the gas discharge passage (15). Can be prevented from bursting.
[0014]
In the first embodiment, the closing body is formed of a low melting point alloy. However, the closing body used in the present invention may be formed separately from the low melting point alloy.
That is, in the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the pressure vessel safety valve (12) is attached to a valve device attached to a pressure vessel (not shown), and the gas escape passage (13) and the gas escape passage (13 ) In a releasable manner, a gas discharge passage (15), an alloy container (14), and a low melting point alloy (16) housed in the alloy container (14), And an alloy discharge path (18).
[0015]
The gas escape passage (13) communicates with the internal space of the pressure vessel (not shown) as in the first embodiment. The closing body (17) is formed in a piston shape, and is held in a sealing posture to seal the gas escape passage (13) with the low melting point alloy as shown in FIG. It is repressed by the opening direction (left direction in FIG. 2) by (19).
[0016]
The low melting point alloy (16) is in a solid state at a temperature lower than the set operating temperature, and holds the closed body (17) in a sealed posture, but melts when the temperature is raised to the set operating temperature. And discharged from the alloy discharge passage (18). As a result, the closing body (17) moves in the opening direction, the gas escape passage (13) is opened, and the gas in the pressure vessel passes through the gas discharge passage (15) from the gas escape passage (13). It is discharged to the outside and the rupture of the pressure vessel is prevented.
[0017]
Next, a specific composition of the low melting point alloy will be described.
[0018]
[Example 1]
An alloy having a metal composition containing 33 % by weight of indium (In) and 67 % by weight of bismuth (Bi) was prepared and filled in the alloy housing part (14) of the safety valve (12) of the second embodiment. The piston-like closing body (17) was supported.
The low melting point alloy (16) has a crystallization temperature of 109 ° C, and when it reaches 113 ° C, it melts and is quickly discharged from the alloy discharge passage (18), thereby opening the closing body (17). The gas escape passage (13) was smoothly opened.
Further, in order to investigate the creep characteristics, when heated to 94.5 ° C., which is lower than the set operating temperature, under a pressure of 32.5 MPa, the low melting point alloy (16) is slightly deformed even after 500 hours. The gas escape passage (13) was kept sealed by the closed body (17) without being pushed out of the alloy discharge passage (18) .
[0019]
Since the low melting point alloy used in the present invention has a melting / flowing temperature between 100 and 135 ° C., the safety valve for pressure vessel of the present invention is particularly suitable for a pressure vessel of fuel gas for natural gas vehicles. However, it goes without saying that the safety valve of the present invention can also be applied to other pressure vessels such as general-purpose gas cylinders.
[0020]
【The invention's effect】
Since the low melting point alloy used in the present invention does not contain harmful metals such as cadmium and lead, even if the low melting point alloy is discharged during safe operation or disposal, there is no possibility of polluting the environment. Moreover, since this low melting point alloy melts and flows at a predetermined set operating temperature, the gas escape path can be quickly opened to prevent the pressure vessel from rupturing, and there is little creep deformation at a lower temperature than the set operating temperature. The gas escape path can be reliably sealed.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway elevational view of a gas cylinder valve device equipped with a pressure vessel safety valve, showing a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a safety valve showing a second embodiment.
[Explanation of symbols]
4 ... Pressure vessel (gas cylinder)
4a… Internal space
12 ... Safety valve
13… Gas escape route
16 ... Low melting point alloy
17 ... Closed body
Claims (1)
上記の閉鎖体(17)は、設定作動温度よりも低温では固相状態の低融点合金(16)により上記のガス逃し路(13)を封止する封止姿勢に保持され、設定作動温度以上に昇温すると上記の低融点合金(16)の溶融流動により開放姿勢に移動して上記のガス逃し路(13)を開放する圧力容器用安全弁であって、
上記の低融点合金(16)が、インジウム(In)32〜34重量%と、ビスマス(Bi)66〜68重量%とを含有することを特徴とする、圧力容器用安全弁。 A gas escape passage (13) that is attached to the pressure vessel (4) and communicates between the internal space (4a) and the external space of the pressure vessel (4) and seals the gas escape passage (13) so as to be openable. A closure (17),
The closed body (17) is held in a sealing posture in which the gas escape path (13) is sealed by a low melting point alloy (16) in a solid phase at a temperature lower than the set operating temperature, and is equal to or higher than the set operating temperature. A safety valve for a pressure vessel that moves to an open posture by the melt flow of the low-melting-point alloy (16) and opens the gas escape passage (13) when heated to
The above low melting alloy (16), indium (In) and 32 to 34 wt%, bismuth (Bi) 66 to 68, characterized in that it contains% by weight, the pressure vessel safety valve.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP2002049354A JP4088457B2 (en) | 2002-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Safety valve for pressure vessel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP2002049354A JP4088457B2 (en) | 2002-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Safety valve for pressure vessel |
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JP2003247700A JP2003247700A (en) | 2003-09-05 |
JP4088457B2 true JP4088457B2 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP4427371B2 (en) | 2004-03-29 | 2010-03-03 | 株式会社ネリキ | safety valve |
JP5027894B2 (en) | 2010-01-25 | 2012-09-19 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Gas tank |
JP2013205298A (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2013-10-07 | Sumitomo Seika Chem Co Ltd | Device and method for filling raw material for standard gas |
JP6262997B2 (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2018-01-17 | 株式会社リード | Compressed gas regulator and carbonated mist facial device equipped with the regulator |
CA2992536C (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2019-03-05 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Valve device |
DE102022109125A1 (en) | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-19 | Norma Germany Gmbh | Pressure reducer to enable the use of polymer tubes for thermal pressure relief devices of hydrogen powered vehicles |
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2002
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