JP4079409B2 - Adhesive composition for wood, method for producing adhesive for wood and use thereof - Google Patents
Adhesive composition for wood, method for producing adhesive for wood and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- JP4079409B2 JP4079409B2 JP2002021583A JP2002021583A JP4079409B2 JP 4079409 B2 JP4079409 B2 JP 4079409B2 JP 2002021583 A JP2002021583 A JP 2002021583A JP 2002021583 A JP2002021583 A JP 2002021583A JP 4079409 B2 JP4079409 B2 JP 4079409B2
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- wood
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、タンニン酸およびキトサンを必須成分として含む接着剤組成物に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
木材用接着剤を大別すると、合成系と天然系に分類することができる。合成系接着剤は、接着力を有する合成樹脂からなる接着剤である。一方、天然系接着剤は、各種天然物から抽出、精製し、場合によっては変性させた化合物を接着剤として使用するものである。
【０００３】
天然化合物であるタンニンを木材用接着剤として使用する場合、合成系接着剤であるフェノール・ホルムアルデヒド樹脂の代替としてホルムアルデヒドと反応させたり、酸化カップリング剤を使用して変性する方法が一般的である。
【０００４】
また、キトサンは、酢酸水溶液に溶かして糊液とし、木材表面に塗布したり、木材用接着剤に添加すると、耐水性が向上することが知られている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
接着剤としての合成樹脂を得るためには、モノマーを定められた合成条件下で反応させる必要があり、多大な労力とエネルギーを要する。また、合成樹脂に含まれる化合物の中には、環境汚染や健康被害を引き起こす原因となる有機化合物が多数含まれる。特に、木材用接着剤として代表的なホルムアルデヒド系接着剤によるシックハウス症候群は顕著な例である。
【０００６】
他方、従来の天然系接着剤は、天然物を由来とするため合成系接着剤に比べて安全性が高いものの、接着耐久性（特に耐水性）に問題があるため、現在では限られた用途にしか使用されていない。最近、タンニンは木材用接着剤として利用されているが、ホルムアルデヒドと反応させたものは、合成系接着剤が抱えている問題を何ら解決していない。
【０００７】
また、酸化カップリング剤の多くは、取扱いに注意を要したり、毒物、劇物を含んでいるため環境や人体への影響が懸念される。一方、キトサンは木材用接着剤の耐水性を改善することが知られているが、あくまで従来の接着剤に対する改質剤としての域を脱していない。
【０００８】
本発明が解決しようとする課題は、環境や人体への悪影響が少なく、接着耐久性に優れた接着剤組成物を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者が、鋭意研究を重ねたところ、タンニンの一成分であるタンニン酸とキトサンを併用することにより、上記課題を解決できることを見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【００１０】
すなわち、本発明は、下記要点に関するものである。
【００１１】
（１） タンニン酸およびキトサンを主剤成分として含有することを特徴とする木材用接着剤組成物。
【００１２】
（２） さらに酢酸水溶液を含むことを特徴とする（１）項に記載の木材用接着剤組成物。
【００１３】
（３） 酢酸水溶液に、タンニン酸およびキトサンを、タンニン酸、キトサンの順で溶解させることを特徴とする木材用接着剤の製造方法。
【００１４】
（４） タンニン酸およびキトサンを主剤成分とする接着剤層を有することを特徴とする合板。
【００１５】
（５） タンニン酸およびキトサンを主剤成分とする接着剤を含有することを特徴とする木質ボード。
【００１６】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の木材用接着剤組成物の必須成分の一つであるタンニン酸は、五倍子を基源とした１，２，３，４，６−ペンタガロイルグルコピラノースを基本骨格とするポリガロイルグルコース類である。
【００１７】
本発明の接着剤組成物の他の必須成分であるキトサンは、節足動物の皮膚，軟体動物の殻，菌類の細胞壁を構成するキチンを濃アルカリ溶液と加熱、またはカリ融解をして脱アセチル化したものである。
【００１８】
本発明の木材用接着剤組成物におけるキトサンとタンニン酸の配合割合は、重量比でキトサン１に対してタンニン酸０．３〜４であり、タンニン酸がこの範囲を外れると接着性能が劣るため好ましくない。
【００１９】
本発明の接着剤組成物は、タンニン酸およびキトサンを含有するものであれば他の成分は特に限定されないが、タンニン酸およびキトサンを溶解する溶媒を含むことが好ましい。
【００２０】
このような溶媒としては、例えば酢酸水溶液、ギ酸水溶液、乳酸水溶液、塩酸水溶液、硝酸水溶液等を挙げることができるが、安全性や取扱いが容易である点で酢酸水溶液が好ましい。
【００２１】
酢酸水溶液の酢酸濃度としては、０．５〜５ｗｔ％、好ましくは１〜２ｗｔ％である。酢酸濃度が０．５ｗｔ％未満では、キトサンが溶解しにくくなり、また５ｗｔ％を超えると刺激臭が強く、取扱いが困難であるため好ましくない。
【００２２】
溶媒として、酢酸水溶液を使用する場合、キトサンおよびタンニン酸を、酢酸水溶液に対して、５〜３０ｗｔ％、好ましくは１０〜２０ｗｔ％添加すればよい。５ｗｔ％未満では、キトサンおよびタンニン酸の含有量が少ないため塗布量が多くなり、３０ｗｔ％を超えると粘度が極めて高くなる等の点で好ましくない。
【００２３】
本発明の接着剤組成物を製造するには、室温において、酢酸水溶液にタンニン酸、キトサンの順に攪拌しながら溶解させればよい。タンニン酸、キトサンの順に溶解させるのは均一な糊液を得るためである。
【００２４】
本発明の木材用接着剤を使用して、木片を接着することができ、合板、木質ボード等の各種木材製品を製造することができる。
【００２５】
本発明の木材用接着剤を使用して合板を製造するには、一般的な合板の製造方法に従えばよく、例えば単板に本発明の木材用接着剤を均一に塗布し、単板の繊維方向が互いに直交するように積層した後、圧締すればよい。
【００２６】
また、本発明の木材用接着剤を使用して木質ボードを製造するには、一般的な木質ボードの製造方法に従えばよく、例えば木材チップに本発明の木材用接着剤を均一に添加し、マット成形後、圧締すればよい。
【００２７】
以下に、本発明を具体的に説明するために実施例を示すが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
【００２８】
【実施例】
実施例１
室温下、１％酢酸水溶液２８６重量部にタンニン酸３２重量部を溶解させ、次いでキトサン（脱アセチル化度８０−９０％、分子量３５０００）３２重量部を加え、攪拌混合して木材用接着剤を得た。
【００２９】
得られた木材用接着剤を使用して、ラワン材による３プライ合板を作成した。接着剤の塗布量は一接着層当たり３５０ｇ／ｍ２とした。圧締条件は、冷圧を０．９８ＭＰａで１０分間行った後、熱圧を１３０℃、０．９８ＭＰａで１５分間行った。なお、熱圧開始後５分後に脱気を行った。
【００３０】
得られた合板は、ＪＩＳ Ｋ６８５１（接着剤の木材引張りせん断接着強さ試験方法）およびＪＡＳ（普通合板の日本農林規格および構造用合板の日本農林規格）に準拠し、常態、耐水、耐温水（温冷水浸せき）、煮沸繰り返し、連続煮沸試験を行った。結果を表１に示す。
【００３１】
（常態試験）
試験片を試験室で４８時間状態調節した後、接着力試験を行う。
【００３２】
（耐水試験）
３０℃の水中に３時間浸漬した後、２０℃の水中に１０分間浸し、ぬれたままの状態で測定する。
【００３３】
（耐温水試験（温冷水浸せき試験））
６０℃の温水中に３時間浸漬した後、室温の水中にさめるまで浸し、ぬれたままの状態で測定する。
【００３４】
（煮沸繰り返し試験）
沸騰水中に４時間浸漬した後、６０℃の空気中で２０時間乾燥し、再び沸騰水中に４時間浸漬する。この処理後、室温の水中に冷めるまで浸し、ぬれたままの状態で測定する。
【００３５】
（連続煮沸試験）
試験片を沸騰水中に７２時間浸漬した後、室温の水中に冷めるまで浸し、ぬれたままの状態で測定する。
【００３６】
比較例１
市販の粉末カゼイングルー１００重量部に水２００重量部を添加して、カゼイン接着剤を得た。この接着剤を使用し、一接着層当たり２００ｇ／ｍ２の塗布量でラワン材による３プライ合板を作成した。圧締条件は冷圧を０．９８ＭＰａで１０分間行った後、熱圧を１２０℃、０．９８ＭＰａで１５分間行った。なお、熱圧開始５分後に脱気を行った。実施例１と同様にして各種試験を行ったところ、煮沸繰り返し試験中に試験片が剥離を起こす結果となった。各種試験の結果を表１に示す。
【００３７】
比較例２
ホルムアルデヒドとユリアのモル比が１．１５、不揮発分が５３．２％のユリア−ホルムアルデヒド樹脂接着剤を使用し、一接着層当たり１４０ｇ／ｍ２の塗布量でラワン材による３プライ合板を作成した。圧締条件は冷圧を０．９８ＭＰａで５分間行った後、熱圧を１２０℃、０．９８ＭＰａで１０分間行った。なお、熱圧開始５分後に脱気を行った。実施例１と同様にして各種試験を行ったところ、煮沸繰り返し試験中に試験片が剥離を起こす結果となった。各種試験の結果を表１に示す。
【００３８】
【表１】
【発明の効果】
本発明により、タンニン酸とキトサンという、安全性の高い成分のみで天然系木材用接着剤を得ることが可能となった。本発明の接着剤は、室温においてタンニン酸とキトサンを酢酸溶液に溶解するだけで製造することができるため、非常に短時間での製造が可能であり、製造に要するエネルギーも極めて低い。
【００４０】
また、接着性能は、従来の天然系木材用接着剤やホルムアルデヒド系接着剤として代表的なユリア・ホルムアルデヒド樹脂よりも遙かに優れた耐水性を示し、連続煮沸試験ではＪＡＳ規格の特類合板の基準値を上回る値を示した。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an adhesive composition containing tannic acid and chitosan as essential components.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Wood adhesives can be broadly classified into synthetic and natural types. A synthetic adhesive is an adhesive made of a synthetic resin having adhesive strength. On the other hand, natural adhesives use compounds extracted and purified from various natural products and optionally modified as adhesives.
[0003]
When using tannin, a natural compound, as an adhesive for wood, it is common to react with formaldehyde or modify it using an oxidative coupling agent instead of a phenol-formaldehyde resin, which is a synthetic adhesive. .
[0004]
Moreover, it is known that chitosan is dissolved in an acetic acid aqueous solution to form a paste liquid, which is applied to the surface of wood or added to a wood adhesive to improve water resistance.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to obtain a synthetic resin as an adhesive, it is necessary to react monomers under predetermined synthesis conditions, which requires a great deal of labor and energy. In addition, the compounds contained in the synthetic resin include many organic compounds that cause environmental pollution and health damage. In particular, sick house syndrome due to a formaldehyde adhesive, which is a typical adhesive for wood, is a remarkable example.
[0006]
On the other hand, conventional natural adhesives are safer than synthetic adhesives because they are derived from natural products, but there are problems with adhesion durability (especially water resistance), so there are currently limited applications It is only used for. Recently, tannin has been used as an adhesive for wood, but the reaction with formaldehyde has not solved any problems of synthetic adhesives.
[0007]
In addition, many of the oxidative coupling agents need to be handled with care, and are harmful to the environment and human body because they contain poisons and deleterious substances. On the other hand, chitosan is known to improve the water resistance of wood adhesives, but does not leave the area as a modifier for conventional adhesives.
[0008]
The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an adhesive composition having less adverse effects on the environment and the human body and having excellent adhesion durability.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of extensive research, the present inventor has found that the above problems can be solved by using tannic acid, which is a component of tannin, and chitosan together, and has completed the present invention.
[0010]
That is, the present invention relates to the following main points.
[0011]
(1) A wood adhesive composition comprising tannic acid and chitosan as main components.
[0012]
(2) The adhesive composition for wood according to item (1), further comprising an aqueous acetic acid solution.
[0013]
(3) A method for producing an adhesive for wood, wherein tannic acid and chitosan are dissolved in an acetic acid aqueous solution in the order of tannic acid and chitosan.
[0014]
(4) plywood, characterized in that an adhesive layer tannic acid and chitosan and main agent component.
[0015]
(5) A wooden board comprising an adhesive mainly composed of tannic acid and chitosan.
[0016]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Tannic acid, which is one of the essential components of the adhesive composition for wood according to the present invention, is polygalloyl having 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucopyranose as a basic skeleton based on pentaploid. Glucose.
[0017]
Chitosan, which is another essential component of the adhesive composition of the present invention, is deacetylated by heating chitin, which constitutes arthropod skin, mollusc shell, and fungal cell wall, with concentrated alkaline solution or by potash melting. It has become.
[0018]
The blending ratio of chitosan and tannic acid in the wood adhesive composition of the present invention is 0.3 to 4 tannic acid with respect to chitosan 1 by weight, and the adhesive performance is poor when tannic acid is outside this range. It is not preferable.
[0019]
The other components of the adhesive composition of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they contain tannic acid and chitosan, but preferably contain a solvent that dissolves tannic acid and chitosan.
[0020]
Examples of such a solvent include an acetic acid aqueous solution, a formic acid aqueous solution, a lactic acid aqueous solution, a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and a nitric acid aqueous solution, but an acetic acid aqueous solution is preferable because it is safe and easy to handle.
[0021]
The acetic acid concentration of the acetic acid aqueous solution is 0.5 to 5 wt%, preferably 1 to 2 wt%. If the acetic acid concentration is less than 0.5 wt%, chitosan is difficult to dissolve, and if it exceeds 5 wt%, the irritating odor is strong and the handling is difficult.
[0022]
When an acetic acid aqueous solution is used as the solvent, chitosan and tannic acid may be added in an amount of 5 to 30 wt%, preferably 10 to 20 wt% with respect to the acetic acid aqueous solution. If it is less than 5 wt%, the coating amount increases because the contents of chitosan and tannic acid are small, and if it exceeds 30 wt%, the viscosity is extremely high.
[0023]
In order to produce the adhesive composition of the present invention, tannic acid and chitosan may be dissolved in an acetic acid aqueous solution with stirring in this order at room temperature. The reason why tannic acid and chitosan are dissolved in order is to obtain a uniform paste.
[0024]
Using the wood adhesive of the present invention, wood pieces can be bonded, and various wood products such as plywood and wood board can be produced.
[0025]
In order to produce a plywood using the wood adhesive of the present invention, a general plywood production method may be followed. For example, the wood adhesive of the present invention is uniformly applied to a veneer, After laminating so that the fiber directions are orthogonal to each other, it may be pressed.
[0026]
Further, in order to produce a wood board using the wood adhesive of the present invention, a general wood board production method may be followed. For example, the wood adhesive of the present invention is uniformly added to wood chips. After the mat is formed, it may be clamped.
[0027]
Examples are shown below to specifically describe the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0028]
【Example】
Example 1
At room temperature, 32 parts by weight of tannic acid is dissolved in 286 parts by weight of a 1% aqueous acetic acid solution, then 32 parts by weight of chitosan (degree of deacetylation 80-90%, molecular weight 35000) is added, and mixed by stirring to obtain an adhesive for wood. Obtained.
[0029]
Using the obtained wood adhesive, a three-ply plywood made of lauan material was prepared. The amount of adhesive applied was 350 g / m 2 per adhesive layer. The pressing conditions were a cold pressure of 0.98 MPa for 10 minutes and a hot pressure of 130 ° C. and 0.98 MPa for 15 minutes. In addition, deaeration was performed 5 minutes after the start of hot pressure.
[0030]
The obtained plywood is compliant with JIS K6851 (a method for testing the tensile strength and tensile strength of adhesives for wood tensile shear) and JAS (Japanese agricultural and forestry standards for ordinary plywood and Japanese agricultural and forestry standards for structural plywood). Hot and cold water immersion), repeated boiling, and continuous boiling test were conducted. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
(Normal test)
The specimens are conditioned for 48 hours in the test room and then tested for adhesion.
[0032]
(Water resistance test)
After being immersed in water at 30 ° C. for 3 hours, it is immersed in water at 20 ° C. for 10 minutes, and measurement is performed in a wet state.
[0033]
(Hot water resistance test (hot / cold water immersion test))
After immersing in warm water at 60 ° C. for 3 hours, immerse it in water at room temperature and measure it in a wet state.
[0034]
(Repeated boiling test)
After dipping in boiling water for 4 hours, it is dried in air at 60 ° C. for 20 hours, and dipped again in boiling water for 4 hours. After this treatment, the sample is immersed in water at room temperature until it is cooled, and measurement is performed in a wet state.
[0035]
(Continuous boiling test)
After immersing the test piece in boiling water for 72 hours, the test piece is immersed in room temperature water until it is cooled, and measurement is performed in a wet state.
[0036]
Comparative Example 1
200 parts by weight of water was added to 100 parts by weight of commercially available powdered casein glue to obtain a casein adhesive. Using this adhesive, a three-ply plywood made of lauan material was prepared at a coating amount of 200 g / m 2 per adhesive layer. The pressing conditions were a cold pressure of 0.98 MPa for 10 minutes and a hot pressure of 120 ° C. and 0.98 MPa for 15 minutes. In addition, deaeration was performed 5 minutes after the start of hot pressure. When various tests were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the test piece was peeled off during the repeated boiling test. Table 1 shows the results of various tests.
[0037]
Comparative Example 2
Using a urea-formaldehyde resin adhesive having a molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea of 1.15 and a non-volatile content of 53.2%, a three-ply plywood made of lauan material was prepared at a coating amount of 140 g / m 2 per adhesive layer. . The pressing condition was that the cold pressure was 0.98 MPa for 5 minutes and then the hot pressure was 120 ° C. and 0.98 MPa for 10 minutes. In addition, deaeration was performed 5 minutes after the start of hot pressure. When various tests were performed in the same manner as in Example 1, the test piece was peeled off during the repeated boiling test. Table 1 shows the results of various tests.
[0038]
[Table 1]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, it is possible to obtain an adhesive for natural wood using only highly safe components such as tannic acid and chitosan. Since the adhesive of the present invention can be produced simply by dissolving tannic acid and chitosan in an acetic acid solution at room temperature, it can be produced in a very short time, and the energy required for production is extremely low.
[0040]
In addition, the adhesive performance is much better than conventional urea-formaldehyde resin, which is a typical natural wood adhesive and formaldehyde adhesive. In continuous boiling tests, JAS standard plywood The value exceeded the reference value.
Claims (5)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002021583A JP4079409B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2002-01-30 | Adhesive composition for wood, method for producing adhesive for wood and use thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002021583A JP4079409B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2002-01-30 | Adhesive composition for wood, method for producing adhesive for wood and use thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2003221571A JP2003221571A (en) | 2003-08-08 |
| JP4079409B2 true JP4079409B2 (en) | 2008-04-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002021583A Expired - Fee Related JP4079409B2 (en) | 2002-01-30 | 2002-01-30 | Adhesive composition for wood, method for producing adhesive for wood and use thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4079409B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP5060063B2 (en) * | 2006-04-14 | 2012-10-31 | 日澱化學株式会社 | Adhesive composition |
| CA2788017A1 (en) * | 2010-02-01 | 2011-08-04 | Fpinnovations | Fungal modified chitosan adhesives and wood composites made from the adhesives |
| CN103687912A (en) * | 2011-08-03 | 2014-03-26 | 国立大学法人京都大学 | Condensed tannin-containing composition which is cured by application of heat and pressure |
| SE2051512A1 (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-06-22 | Organoclick Ab | Binder compositions |
| CN114311502B (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2024-01-30 | 浙江安胜科技股份有限公司 | Processing technology for high-precision steel ring encapsulation |
| CN114319922A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-04-12 | 上海建为历保科技股份有限公司 | Reinforcing device and method based on deterioration of ancient building wood member material |
| WO2024033397A1 (en) | 2022-08-10 | 2024-02-15 | Danmarks Tekniske Universitet | Water-resistant adhesive |
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2002
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| JP2003221571A (en) | 2003-08-08 |
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