JP4048522B2 - Automatic processing equipment for formalin waste - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a method for detoxifying waste liquid containing formaldehyde (hereinafter referred to as formalin waste liquid) used for preservation, fixation, specimen preparation, etc. of organs in hospitals, clinics (practitioners, clinics), and the like, and formalin The present invention relates to a processing apparatus for automatically detoxifying waste liquid.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a large amount of formalin has been used in hospitals, clinics, etc. for organ preservation, fixation, specimen preparation, and the like. And since formaldehyde as its main component has strong toxicity, various methods have been implemented for detoxifying used waste liquid. As such, in general, There are activated sludge method, slaked lime method, oxidation method, combustion method, ammonia addition method and so on.
[0003]
Of these, the currently frequently used method is the activated sludge method, that is, the organic matter (formaldehyde in this case) in the wastewater is decomposed by activated sludge obtained by aeration of the wastewater for a long time to grow aerobic microorganisms. In addition, there is a method of performing a process of reducing BOD (biochemical oxygen demand). However, due to the toxicity of formaldehyde, the activated sludge method may cause microorganisms to die if the waste liquid is not diluted to a very low concentration, which leads to an increase in the size of the apparatus and a long processing time. From the viewpoint of preventing reaction heat generated when adding hypochlorite, there is a disadvantage that the concentration of formaldehyde can be controlled only within about 2%.
[0004]
Waste liquid treatment using this activated sludge method is often performed mainly in large-scale hospitals, and there are cases where tank facilities for activated sludge are provided. In many cases, it is not possible to prepare for the above reasons and economic reasons.
[0005]
Further, as a method for treating formalin waste liquid, there is a slaked lime method in which 50 g of slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is added to 1 liter of formalin waste liquid and left as a sugar at room temperature. However, in the slaked lime method, calcium salt is generated as sludge, which causes clogging of equipment piping and has a long period of about 2 weeks. It is not suitable to use the method.
[0006]
Other than the above, the so-called oxidation method of oxidizing formaldehyde includes diluting formaldehyde with a large amount of water and adding a hypochlorite aqueous solution, and making it basic with a caustic soda aqueous solution. In some cases, hydrogen peroxide is added and decomposed and diluted with water, but in the former case, a bad odor due to harmful chlorine gas, etc. is generated, and in the latter case, a large amount of hydrogen gas is generated. Therefore, both have disadvantages with danger in handling. Further, the above-described combustion method involves spray incineration into an incinerator equipped with an afterburner (recombustion device), and the apparatus becomes large and generates a large amount of heat, so it is difficult to install it indoors. In addition, there are problems in terms of being exposed to formalin during work, economics, etc., and it is practically impossible to introduce it in a general hospital or clinic.
[0007]
On the other hand, the ammonia addition method is a method in which ammonia is added to a formalin solution to produce hexamethylenetetramine. However, since ammonia is used in the work, a bad odor is generated, and the amount of ammonia added is adjusted to the formalin concentration. Therefore, when the amount of ammonia is small, untreated formalin remains, and when ammonia is added excessively, there is a disadvantage that BOD and COD (chemical oxygen demand) increase.
[0008]
Therefore, as described above, currently, in small-scale medical institutions such as practitioners and clinics, it has economic efficiency, convenience and work safety, treatment time is short, and wastewater treatment is performed under a wide range of formalin wastewater concentration conditions. However, no formalin waste liquid treatment method was available.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, can remove formaldehyde with high efficiency, is excellent in economic efficiency, workability, safety, and does not lead to an increase in size of equipment. It is an object of the present invention to provide an excellent automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid that can be sufficiently used with a power source .
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A treatment tank for treating formalin waste liquid, an alkali supply tank for storing a caustic soda aqueous solution supplied to the treatment tank through a supply pipe, and at least from the group of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid for neutralizing the aqueous solution An acid supply tank for storing one selected acid, a pH sensor for measuring the pH of the waste liquid, and a means for circulating or stirring the waste liquid in the treatment tank, and adjusting the formalin waste liquid temperature in the treatment tank And a means for detecting the liquid level of the formalin waste liquid, a means for supplying water into the processing tank, a means for draining from the processing tank, and a means for exhausting, and controlling the pumps and valves by the substrate controller. The caustic soda solution is sent from the alkali supply tank to the formalin waste liquid to decompose formaldehyde and detected by the pH sensor from the acid supply tank. The formalin waste liquid is configured to neutralize the waste liquid treated with the caustic soda by feeding the acid by controlling the discharge amount of the pump according to the pH and discharging the treatment liquid obtained by the neutralization. In the automatic processing apparatus, the valve is disposed after the neutralized processing liquid is discharged as a drain path for sending the processing liquid dilution water directly from the water supply pipe to the drain pipe by switching the valve controlled by the substrate control apparatus. The automatic solution processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid is characterized in that the processing liquid dilution water is sent from the drainage path to the drain pipe by switching of the above.
[0011]
In the present invention, the formalin waste liquid refers to a waste liquid containing untreated formaldehyde, and the treatment liquid refers to a waste liquid obtained by neutralization after decomposition of formaldehyde by the Cannizzaro reaction.
[0012]
Further, in the present invention, the substrate control apparatus includes a CPU, and transmits signals for controlling signals such as pumps, valves and the like by identifying signals of sensors and internal timers so as to process processes according to a predetermined process processing program. A microcomputer control device.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
(Effect of automatic processing equipment for formalin waste liquid)
According to the formalin waste liquid treatment apparatus according to the present invention, a treatment tank for treating formalin waste liquid, an alkali supply tank for storing a caustic soda aqueous solution supplied to the treatment tank via a supply pipe, and the aqueous solution are provided. An acid supply tank for storing at least one acid selected from the group of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and nitric acid to be neutralized, a pH sensor for measuring the pH of the waste liquid, and a means for circulating or stirring the waste liquid in the treatment tank The treatment tank is provided with means for adjusting and detecting the temperature of formalin waste liquid, and means for detecting the liquid level of the formalin waste liquid, as well as water supply means into the treatment tank, drainage means from the treatment tank, and exhaust means. Then, the pump and valve are controlled by the substrate control device, and the caustic soda solution is sent from the alkali supply tank to the formalin waste liquid to separate the formaldehyde. From the acid supply tank, the waste liquid treated with the caustic soda is neutralized by controlling the discharge amount of the pump according to the pH detected by the pH sensor and feeding the acid, and obtained by the neutralization. In a formalin waste liquid automatic processing device configured to discharge the treated liquid, a drain path is provided to send the processing liquid dilution water directly from the water supply pipe to the drain pipe by switching the valve controlled by the substrate controller. Then, after discharging the neutralized processing liquid, the processing liquid dilution water is to be sent from the drainage path to the drain pipe by switching the valve. By simply pressing the start button, waste liquid treatment can be performed extremely safely and easily, and it is neutralized and the formaldehyde concentration is significantly reduced. Waste can be performed in, and, even under the condition that it is not possible that further purification in the tank or the like without the activated sludge equipment in the existing activated sludge process, it is possible to sufficiently reduce the BOD.
[0014]
Further, in the formalin waste liquid processing apparatus according to claim 2, after discharging the neutralized processing liquid, the cleaning water is automatically sent into the processing tank and each pipe by the control of the pump and the valve by the substrate control apparatus. And a configuration in which the treatment tank and the inside of each pipe are cleaned and a configuration in which a drainage path is provided for sending the process liquid dilution water directly from the water supply pipe to the drainage pipe by switching a valve controlled by the substrate control device. By combining them, BOD can be further reduced even under conditions where there is no tank or the like in the existing activated sludge method and further purification with activated sludge equipment is not possible.
[0015]
In addition, the formalin decomposition reaction is an exothermic reaction, and the temperature of the waste liquid can be reduced to about 40 ° C without using a heater. Therefore, the power required for heating the heater can be reduced, and the power saving performance is excellent. Because it can be used as a 100V or 200V power supply for household use, it can perform 20L of formalin waste liquid treatment at a time and can be easily installed in small hospitals, clinics, clinics, etc. can do.
[0016]
In addition, the formaldehyde component volatilized from the formalin waste liquid can be absorbed again into the formalin waste liquid or the treatment liquid. In such a case, once the formalin waste liquid is once put into the automatic processing apparatus for the formalin waste liquid, Is not exposed to the formaldehyde component, and can be further preferable in terms of work hygiene.
[0017]
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Here, FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an explanatory view showing a configuration of an automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. Flowchart of control of decomposition process of formaldehyde in the automatic processing apparatus of formalin waste liquid according to the embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 4 is a flowchart of control in the neutralization process of formaldehyde, FIG. 5 is a flowchart of control of the self-cleaning process of formaldehyde, FIG. 6 is a flowchart of control of the process liquid dilution step of formaldehyde.
[0018]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the formalin waste liquid treatment apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention has an outer shape having a width of 550 mm, a depth of 650 mm, and a height of 1460 mm. A process display lamp 52 to display, a pH display window 51, a pH output printer 50, a power switch, and a process start button 19 are arranged. A CPU is provided inside, and a series of waste liquid processing is performed according to a process processing program. A substrate controller is provided.
[0019]
The board controller recognizes the process start button 19, opening / closing and switching direction of each motor valve, pump ON / OFF, ON / OFF of each sensor, internal timer, etc. by the program for performing the process of this apparatus. A series of automatic waste liquid processing is instructed in the flowcharts shown in FIGS.
[0020]
A treatment tank 1 having a width of 400 mm, a depth of 300 mm, and a height of 345 mm is disposed from the lower part to the center part. When the treatment tank 1 is closed, the aqueous solution of caustic soda is supplied to the treatment tank 1 on the lid. And a 5 L capacity supply tank 2 for storing the sulfuric acid to be supplied to the treatment tank 1.
The alkali supply tank 2 and the acid supply tank 3 are connected to the treatment tank 1 through an alkali supply pipe 15 and an acid supply pipe 16 that are connected by a coupler. The coupler on the alkali supply pipe side uses strong base-resistant Teflon, and the acid supply pipe 16 side uses stainless steel having excellent corrosion resistance.
[0021]
Moreover, a pH sensor is located at the lowermost part of the main body, and the pH sensor can be replaced by opening and closing the door of the main body. Note that the formalin waste liquid automatic processing apparatus according to the present embodiment is provided with sensor cocks c3, c4, and c5 that are used when the pH sensor is attached or replaced.
[0022]
A caster 54 is attached to the lower surface of the main body so that the automatic processing apparatus can be moved.
[0023]
Further, the treatment tank 1 provided in the main body has a peripheral surface covered with a heat insulating material 55, and a filter f for filtering formalin waste liquid is mounted on a stainless steel net provided in the vicinity of the uppermost opening. The operator uses the filtering function of the filter f to remove the waste in the waste liquid and to put the waste liquid into the tank.
[0024]
Liquid level sensors 10 and 11 for detecting the upper and lower limits of the liquid level, a heater 12, a water supply pipe 13 for supplying water to the processing tank 1, and a final processing liquid for discharging the final processing liquid. Drain pipe 14, alkali supply pipe 15 and acid supply pipe 16 connected to the alkali supply tank 2 and acid supply tank 3 respectively by coupler connection, circulation pipe 17 for circulating the waste liquid, exhausting formaldehyde Exhaust pipes 18 for absorption in the formalin waste liquid in the processing tank are connected to each other, and pumps and valves controlled by the substrate controller are installed in each pipe.
[0025]
For these pumps and valves, hereinafter, the pump installed in the alkali supply pipe 15 is used for the alkali supply pump P1, and the pump installed in the acid supply pipe 16 is used for the acid supply pump P2, circulation and drainage. The pump is the circulation pump P3, the valve installed in the water supply pipe is the water supply valve mv1, the valve for switching between the water supply path and the water discharge path to the water supply pipe 13 is the water supply / drainage switching valve mv2, the valve provided in the exhaust pipe is the exhaust valve mv3, pH A valve that switches between the detection path and the drainage path is referred to as a drainage / sensor switching valve mv4, and a valve that switches between the circulation path and the pH detection path is referred to as a circulation / sensor switching valve mv5.
[0026]
With the above configuration, after the operator puts the waste liquid into the processing tank and closes the processing tank, the alkali supply tank and the acid supply tank are coupled to each other and placed on the lid 53, and the process start button By pushing 19, automatic processing of formalin waste liquid is started, the formalin waste liquid filtered into the treatment tank 1 is circulated in the treatment tank 1 and the circulation pipe 17, and an aqueous caustic soda solution is added. The formalin is decomposed and then neutralized with sulfuric acid, and then drained. After draining, the waste liquid treatment equipment itself is automatically cleaned and water is also sent to dilute the treatment liquid. is there.
[0027]
Below, the procedure of the process of the formalin waste liquid which concerns on the Example of this invention is demonstrated.
As shown in FIG. 2, a filter f is provided at the inlet of the processing tank 1 according to the present embodiment, and an upper limit liquid level sensor 10 that performs detection at 20 L and a lower limit sensor for confirming drainage in the processing tank 1. When the formalin waste liquid is introduced into the filter f and the formalin waste liquid reaches 20 L, the upper limit liquid level sensor 10 detects the state as shown in the flowchart of FIG. Is turned on, the heater 12 in the processing tank 1 is heated, the exhaust valve mv3 provided in the exhaust pipe 16 is automatically opened, and the circulation / sensor switching valve mv5 is opened to the circulation path side. After all these have been prepared and 10 seconds have elapsed, the circulation pump P3 is activated.
[0028]
Two minutes after the circulation pump P3 is operated, the alkali supply pump P1 for supplying the caustic soda aqueous solution is operated to supply the caustic soda aqueous solution for 20 minutes. After that, over 2 hours, the state of 60 ° C. is maintained by the heater 12 and the temperature sensor s2, and formaldehyde is treated with caustic soda under the operation of the circulation pump P3.
[0029]
After completion of the reaction, the energization to the heater 12 and the circulation pump P3 are stopped, and as shown in FIG. 4, the circulation / sensor switching valve mv5 is opened to the pH detection side, and the drainage / sensor switching valve mv4 is opened to the pH detection path side. After 10 seconds have elapsed after all of these have been prepared, the circulation pump P3 is activated.
[0030]
When 60 seconds have elapsed after the start of circulation, the acid supply pump P2 is activated to feed the sulfuric acid stored in the acid supply tank 3 to the treatment tank 1. At this time, the concentration of the waste liquid in the treatment tank 1 is detected in real time by the pH sensor, and when the pH reaches 7.0, the acid supply pump P2 is stopped and the drainage / sensor switching valve mv4 is Switch to the drainage channel. The detection result of pH is output 50 to a printer built in the main body at regular intervals.
[0031]
After all these have been prepared and 10 seconds have elapsed, the circulation pump P3 operates as a waste liquid pump and discharges the waste liquid in the processing tank 1.
[0032]
When it is detected by the lower limit level sensor 11 that all the waste liquid has been discharged, as shown in FIG. 5, the circulation pump P3 and the pH sensor S are stopped 10 seconds later, and the drainage / sensor switching valve mv4 is detected by the pH. Switch to the route side.
[0033]
When 10 seconds have elapsed after all of these are completed, the self-cleaning process is started, and the water supply / drainage switching valve mv2 is switched to the water supply path side to the treatment tank 1, and after 10 seconds, the water supply valve mv1 is opened and the treatment tank 1 is opened. Send cleaning water. When the upper limit liquid level sensor 10 detects that 20 L of cleaning water has been fed, the water supply valve mv1 is closed and the water supply is terminated.
[0034]
After 10 seconds from the end of the water supply, the circulation pump P3 is operated to circulate the washing water for 1 minute. After the cleaning by the circulation is finished, the circulation pump P3 is stopped and the circulation / switching between the circulation path and the pH detection path is performed. The sensor switching valve mv5 is switched to the pH detection side, and the circulation pump P3 is actuated again to circulate the wash water to the pH detection path for 1 minute.
[0035]
Thereafter, the drainage / sensor switching valve mv4 is switched to the drainage path side, and the circulation / sensor switching valve mv5 is switched to the pH detection side. After 10 seconds, the circulation pump P3 operates as a drainage pump to discharge the used cleaning water.
[0036]
When the lower limit liquid level sensor 11 detects that the drainage is finished, the circulation pump P3 stops after 10 seconds, and the valves mv2, mv3, mv4, mv5 return to the same side as the start of use.
[0037]
After the return of each of the valves mv2, mv3, mv4, and mv5, as shown in FIG. 6, the water supply valve mv1 is opened, and cleaning water (that is, processing solution dilution water) is supplied for a certain period of time.
The fixed time in this case is appropriately determined according to the amount of drainage in the hospital or the like where it is installed. And when the said fixed time passes, the water supply valve mv1 will close.
[0038]
The process of flowing the new treatment liquid dilution water is intended to further reduce BOD.
[0039]
In this way, the formalin waste liquid treatment apparatus according to the present embodiment performs fully automatically from the start to the end of the waste liquid treatment apparatus, and all can use a household power supply.
[0040]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, The layout of each part, such as a processing tank in a waste liquid processing apparatus, can be changed suitably. In this embodiment, the circulation pump is used to circulate the treatment tank and the circulation pipe. In addition to or instead of such a configuration, a stirring device is provided in the treatment tank. The formalin waste liquor can also be stirred.
[0041]
In this embodiment, the treatment temperature is set to 60 ° C., and the temperature necessary for removing formalin is ensured, and the power saving is improved and the amount of formaldehyde to be volatilized is suppressed. This makes it possible to treat as much as 20 L of waste liquid per treatment that can meet demands such as the above.
[0042]
Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and the amount of formalin waste liquid for each process can be set to, for example, less than 20 L or more than 20 L by changing the position of the upper limit liquid level sensor.
[0043]
In addition, the formalin waste liquid automatic processing apparatus according to the present embodiment can perform the processing after the waste liquid is charged fully automatically, but is provided with a manually operated water supply cock and drain cock so that it can be operated manually as required. It is assumed.
[0044]
Furthermore, although the automatic processing apparatus of the formalin waste liquid uses sulfuric acid for neutralization, it is replaced with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid or nitric acid, or an organic acid such as malic acid, in the reaction with the formalin waste liquid. Other acids can be used as long as they do not generate sludge.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of an automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of control of a decomposition process of formaldehyde in the formalin waste liquid automatic processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of control of a neutralizing step of formaldehyde in the automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of control of a self-cleaning process of formaldehyde in an automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of control of a process liquid dilution step of formaldehyde in the formalin waste liquid automatic processing apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing tank 10 Upper limit liquid level sensor 11 Lower limit liquid level sensor 12 Heater 19 Process start button 2 Alkali supply tank 3 Acid supply tank 4 Controller 50 pH output printer 51 pH display window 52 Process display lamp 53 Lid 54 Caster 55 Heat insulating material mv1 Water supply valve mv2 Water supply / drainage switching valve mv3 Exhaust valve mv4 Water / sensor switching valve mv5 Circulation / sensor switching valve c1 Water supply cock c2 Drainage cock c3 Sensor cock c4 Sensor cock c5 Sensor cock f Filter s pH sensor s2 Temperature sensor P1 Alkali supply pump P2 Acid supply pump P3 Circulation pump

Claims (2)

A treatment tank for treating formalin waste liquid, an alkali supply tank for storing a caustic soda aqueous solution supplied to the treatment tank through a supply pipe, and at least from the group of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid for neutralizing the aqueous solution An acid supply tank for storing one selected acid, a pH sensor for measuring the pH of the waste liquid, and a means for circulating or stirring the waste liquid in the treatment tank, and adjusting the formalin waste liquid temperature in the treatment tank And a means for detecting the liquid level of the formalin waste liquid, a means for supplying water into the processing tank, a means for draining from the processing tank, and a means for exhausting, and controlling the pumps and valves by the substrate controller. The caustic soda solution is sent from the alkali supply tank to the formalin waste liquid to decompose formaldehyde and detected by the pH sensor from the acid supply tank. The formalin waste liquid is configured to neutralize the waste liquid treated with the caustic soda by feeding the acid by controlling the discharge amount of the pump according to the pH and discharging the treatment liquid obtained by the neutralization. In automatic processing equipment,
A drainage path for sending the processing liquid dilution water directly from the water supply pipe to the drainage pipe by switching the valve controlled by the substrate control device is provided, and the drainage is performed by switching the valve after discharging the neutralized processing liquid. An automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid, characterized in that water for processing liquid dilution is sent to a drain pipe from a route. A treatment tank for treating formalin waste liquid, an alkali supply tank for storing a caustic soda aqueous solution supplied to the treatment tank through a supply pipe, and at least from the group of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid for neutralizing the aqueous solution An acid supply tank for storing one selected acid, a pH sensor for measuring the pH of the waste liquid, and a means for circulating or stirring the waste liquid in the treatment tank, and adjusting the formalin waste liquid temperature in the treatment tank And a means for detecting the liquid level of the formalin waste liquid, a means for supplying water into the processing tank, a means for draining from the processing tank, and a means for exhausting, and controlling the pumps and valves by the substrate controller. The caustic soda solution is sent from the alkali supply tank to the formalin waste liquid to decompose formaldehyde and detected by the pH sensor from the acid supply tank. The waste liquid treated with the caustic soda was neutralized by controlling the discharge amount of the pump according to the pH and sending the acid, and the treatment liquid obtained by the neutralization was discharged and neutralized. After discharging the processing liquid, automatic processing of formalin waste liquid that automatically feeds cleaning water into the processing tank and each pipe by cleaning the processing tank and each pipe by controlling the pump and valve by the substrate controller. In the device
A drainage path for sending the processing liquid dilution water directly from the water supply pipe to the drainage pipe by switching the valve controlled by the substrate control device is provided, and the drainage is performed by switching the valve after discharging the neutralized processing liquid. An automatic processing apparatus for formalin waste liquid, characterized in that water for processing liquid dilution is sent to a drain pipe from a route.

Images