JP4043379B2 - Imaging device - Google Patents

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Publication number
JP4043379B2
JP4043379B2 JP2003035432A JP2003035432A JP4043379B2 JP 4043379 B2 JP4043379 B2 JP 4043379B2 JP 2003035432 A JP2003035432 A JP 2003035432A JP 2003035432 A JP2003035432 A JP 2003035432A JP 4043379 B2 JP4043379 B2 JP 4043379B2
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photosensitive
exposure time
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JP2004247948A (en
JP2004247948A5 (en
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和也 小田
寛和 小林
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Fujifilm Corp
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Fujifilm Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、撮像装置に関し、更に詳しくは広ダイナミックレンジでかつ高画質な画像を撮像できる撮像装置に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
CCDイメージセンサ等の固体撮像素子を用いた撮像装置、例えばデジタルスチルカメラ(以下デジタルカメラという)で、例えば室内風景を撮影した場合、室内にいる人物は適正露出になっても、窓から見える青い空が白飛びし、全体としては不自然な画像になる場合がある。これは画像のダイナミックレンジが狭いためであり、この問題を解決するため、従来から2枚の画像を撮像して合成することにより、画像のダイナミックレンジを広げることが行われている。
【0003】
例えば、高速シャッタを切って1枚目の短時間露出画像(低感度画像)を撮影し、続いて低速シャッタを切って2枚目の長時間露出画像(高感度画像)を撮影する。そして、これら2枚の画像を合成することで、低感度画像中に写っている窓の外の風景が、室内風景が良く写っている高感度画像に重なるようにしている。
【0004】
特許文献1記載の撮像装置では、2枚の画像を合成する際に、動きのある被写体部分が低感度画像と高感度画像とでピッタリ一致しないため、マスクを使って部分毎に低感度画像と高感度画像との置き換えを行って、画像合成を行うようにしている。
【0005】
また、本出願人は、固体撮像素子の各画素の受光部を相対的に広い面積を有する主感光部と相対的に狭い面積を有する従感光部から構成し、主感光部と従感光部のいずれからも選択的に画像信号を取り出すことができる固体撮像装置を提案している(特願2002−016835)。
【0006】
【特許文献1】
特開2000−307963
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記特許文献1記載の画像処理装置に、本出願人が提案している固体撮像素子を用いて、広ダイナミックレンジの画像を撮像できる撮像装置を提供することが考えられるが、被写体の最大輝度部と最小輝度部との輝度比(「被写体輝度域」または「被写体コントラスト」という)が大きい場合には、主感光部が飽和状態になっても従感光部が飽和しないため、画素の性能を十分に使い切ることができず、画質の面で不利になる(S/Nが悪くなる)という問題点がある。
【0008】
本発明は、上記問題点を解決するためのもので、広ダイナミックレンジでかつ高画質な画像を撮像できる撮像装置を提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記問題点を解決するために、本発明の撮像装置は、面積が相対的に広い主感光部と狭い従感光部とからなる感光部を有する画素を多数配列した固体撮像素子を用いる撮像装置において、被写体輝度域を測定する測定手段と、前記被写体輝度域に基づいて主感光部の露出時間に対する従感光部の露出時間を設定する設定手段とを備えたものである。また、面積が相対的に広い主感光部と狭い従感光部とからなる感光部を有する画素を多数配列した固体撮像素子を用いる撮像装置において、ISO感度の設定を行うISO感度設定手段と、前記ISO感度に基づいて主感光部の露出時間に対する従感光部の露出時間を設定する設定手段とを備えたものである。
【0010】
前記設定手段は、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%未満の時は、前記従感光部の露出時間を変更しないものである。また、前記設定手段は、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%未満の時は、前記高感度画像信号のみを画像信号とするものである。また、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%以上の時は、この値が大きい程、前記従感光部の露出時間を短くするものである。また、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%未満の時は、前記主感光部の露出時間を主感光部と従感光部の飽和レベル比で割ったものを従感光部の露出時間とするものである。また、前記設定手段は、前記ISO感度を高く設定する程、前記従感光部の露出時間を短く設定するものである。
【0011】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の一実施形態に係るデジタルカメラの構成を示す図1において、撮影レンズ10の後方には、機械式のシャッタ(以下メカシャッタという)11を介して固体撮像素子(CCD)12が設けてある。メカシャッタ11,CCD12は、シャッタ駆動部13,ドライバ14によって駆動される。
【0012】
シャッタ駆動部13,ドライバ14には、CPU15によって制御されるタイミングジェネレータ17が接続され、このタイミングジェネレータ17からタイミング信号(クロックパルス)が入力される。CCD12から出力された撮像信号は、CDS(相関二重サンプリング)/GCA(利得可変増幅器)22に入力され、CCD12の各セルの蓄積電荷量に正確に対応したR、G、Bの画像信号として出力されてから増幅される。CDS/GCA22から出力されたアナログ信号は、A/D変換器23でデジタル信号に変換される。なお、本実施形態では、GCAのゲインはデフォルトでISO100相当としている。
【0013】
A/D変換器23から出力されたデジタル信号は、デジタル信号処理部25に入力され、後述する画像合成等の処理がなされた後、jpeg圧縮等の処理を経てメモリカード26に記憶される。また、液晶ドライバ(図示せず)を介して液晶モニタ27に表示される。また、CPU15には、CPU15が参照する各種データを記憶した不揮発性メモリ24が接続されている。また、CPU15には、操作部28を通してユーザの指示信号が入力され、CPU15はこの指示に従って各種制御を行う。
【0014】
CCD12の一部を拡大して示す図2において、CCD12は、いわゆるハニカム型CCD(例えば特開平10−136391号公報に記載)であり、光電変換素子である各画素1の受光部2が八角形をしている。各受光部2は、面積の約1/5を占める従感光部3と、残りの約4/5を占める主感光部4とからなる。従感光部3の面積は主感光部4の面積の1/4であり、主感光部4に対して、従感光部3の感度は1/16,飽和レベルは1/4,ダイナミックレンジは4倍である。CCD12は、各従感光部3の信号電荷と、各主感光部4の信号電荷とを区別して垂直方向に転送する垂直転送路(図示せず)に読み出して転送することができるようになっている。
【0015】
デジタル信号処理部25は、図3に示すように、高感度画像信号(主感光部4から得られた画像信号)と低感度画像信号(従感光部3から得られた画像信号)とを各々ガンマ補正した後に加算処理する対数加算方式を採用している。すなわち、デジタル信号処理部25は、A/D変換器23から出力される高感度画像,低感度画像の各RGB色信号に対して、それぞれオフセット処理を行うオフセット補正回路31a,31bと、このオフセット補正回路31a,31bの出力信号のホワイトバランスをとるゲイン補正回路32a,32bと、ゲイン補正後の色信号に対してガンマ補正を行うガンマ補正回路33a,33bとを備えている。
【0016】
また、デジタル信号処理部25は、ガンマ補正回路33aから出力される高感度画像信号とガンマ補正回路33bから出力される低感度画像信号とを画素単位に合成して出力する画像合成処理回路34と、画像合成後のRGB色信号を補間演算して各受光部位置におけるRGB3色の信号を求めるRGB補間演算回路35と、RGB色信号から輝度信号Yと色差信号Cr,Cbとを求めるRGB/YC変換回路36と、輝度信号Yと色差信号Cr,Cbからノイズを低減するノイズフィルタ37と、ノイズ低減後の輝度信号Yに対して輪郭補正を行う輪郭補正回路38と、色差信号Cr,Cbに対して色差マトリクスを乗算して色調補正を行う色差マトリクス回路39とを備える。
【0017】
このように構成されたデジタルカメラの動作を図4に示すフローチャートに従って説明する。電源スイッチをオンした後、撮影レンズ10を被写体に向けてシャッタボタンを押し下げると、デジタル信号処理部25は従感光部3から出力される低感度画像信号の輝度信号を積分してCPU15に送る。CPU15は、積分値の最大値と最小値との比である被写体輝度域と、主感光部4から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲(主感光部再現域)との関係を判定する。なお、主感光部再現域はデジタルカメラのISO感度設定によって決まる値である。
【0018】
CPU15は、主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさ(%)によってタイミングジェネレータ17を制御し、被写体輝度域が100%以上の時に従感光部露出時間tを変更する。主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさ(%)と、従感光部露出時間tとの関係は、表1に示すように設定されており、CPU15が参照できるように不揮発性メモリ24に記憶されている。なお、表1中のTは主感光部露出時間である。
【0019】
【表1】

Figure 0004043379
【0020】
被写体輝度域が100%未満の時は、図5に示すように、主感光部再現域内であるから、主感光部4から出力される高感度画像信号は飽和せず、十分な階調を再現できるから、通常信号処理を行う。この通常信号処理では、従感光部露出時間tを変更することなく、デジタル信号処理部25は高感度画像信号のみに画像処理を施して、低感度画像信号との合成を行わない。デジタル信号処理部25から出力された高感度画像信号はjpeg画像に圧縮されてメモリカード26に書き込まれる。
【0021】
被写体輝度域が100%以上200%未満の場合には、図5に示すように、主感光部4が飽和した後も従感光部3は飽和せず、低感度画像信号は十分な階調を有しているから、CPU15は不揮発性メモリ24を参照し、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tの2倍となるように(表1参照)、タイミングジェネレータ17を制御する。これにより、従感光部4の性能を十分に使い切ることができる。
【0022】
図6のタイミングチャートに示すように、メカシャッタ11の開放と同時に従感光部3の電荷を掃き出し、従感光部3の電荷蓄積(露出)を開始する。従感光部3の露出時間がTに達した瞬間から主感光部4の電荷蓄積(露出)を開始する。更に時間T経過後、転送路の掃き出し駆動が行われ、主感光部4からの高感度画像信号の読み出し、続いて従感光部3からの低感度画像信号の読み出しが行われる。
【0023】
CCD12から読み出された高感度画像信号,低感度画像信号は、それぞれCDS/GCA22によりR、G、Bの画像信号として出力されてから増幅され、A/D変換器23によってデジタル信号に変換される。このデジタル化された高感度画像信号,低感度画像信号は、デジタル信号処理部25に入力され、画素単位に合成された後、輝度信号Yと色差信号Cr,Cbに変換して出力される。これらの信号はjpeg圧縮されてメモリカード26に記憶される。
【0024】
このように、高感度画像信号と低感度画像信号との合成により広ダイナミックレンジで、かつ従感光部4の性能を十分に使い切ることにより高画質な画像を得ることができる。
【0025】
また、被写体輝度域が200%以上300%未満の場合には、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tの1.5倍となるように(表1参照)、タイミングジェネレータ17が制御される。また、被写体輝度域が300%以上400%未満の場合には、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tと同じになるように(表1参照)、タイミングジェネレータ17が制御される。
【0026】
なお、被写体輝度域が800%の場合には、図7に示すように、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tの1/2となるように、タイミングジェネレータ17が制御される。また、前記通常信号処理を合成なしとしたが、従感光部3の露出時間tを主感光部4の露出時願Tの4倍として合成するようにしてもよい。この場合には、全体の露出時間が長くなるが、従感光部4の性能を十分に使うことができる。
【0027】
以上説明した実施形態では、測定した被写体輝度域に基づいてデジタルカメラが自動的に従感光部4の露出時間tを設定したが、ユーザが操作部28を操作してデジタルカメラのISO感度を設定変更することにより、従感光部4の露出時間tを変更するようにしてもよい。
【0028】
例えば、ユーザがデジタルカメラのISO感度を通常のISO100からISO200に設定変更すると、CDS/GCA22のGCAのゲインが2倍に設定される。これに伴って画像のコントラストが2倍になるから、結果として被写体輝度域(被写体コントラスト)が2倍になった場合と同様の画像になる。したがって、デジタルカメラのISO感度をISO200に設定した場合、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tの2倍となるようにCPU15がタイミングジェネレータ17を制御する。同様に、ISO300に設定した場合には、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tの1.5倍となるように、またISO400に設定した場合には、従感光部4の露出時間tが主感光部4の露出時間Tと同じになるように、それぞれタイミングジェネレータ17が制御される。
【0029】
上記実施形態では、CCDの各画素の受光部を主感光部の面積4,従感光部の面積1の割合で分割したが、本発明はこれに限定されることなく、この分割比を例えば5:1等としてもよい。この場合には、主感光部に対して、従感光部の感度は1/25,飽和レベルは1/5,ダイナミックレンジは5倍となり、被写体輝度域100%で従感光部露出時間t=5T(Tは主感光部露出時間),200%でt=2.5T,300%でt=1.67T,400%でt=1.25T,500%でt=Tとなる。
【0030】
また、上記実施形態では、固体撮像素子としてハニカム型のCCDを用いたが、本発明はこれに限定されることなく、ベイヤ型のCCDやCMOSイメージ・センサを用いてもよい。また、上記実施形態はデジタルカメラであったが、本発明はこれに限定されることなく、固体撮像素子を用いるものであれば、画像入力装置や監視カメラ等でもよい。また、前記不揮発性メモリとしては、例えばROMやフラッシュメモリを用いることができる。
【0031】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の撮像装置によれば、被写体輝度域を測定して固体撮像素子の主感光部の露出時間に対する従感光部の露出時間を設定するので、従感光部の性能を十分に使い切ることができ、広ダイナミックレンジでかつ高画質な画像を撮像できる。また、ISO感度の設定により主感光部の露出時間に対する従感光部の露出時間を設定するので、従感光部の性能を十分に使い切ることができ、広ダイナミックレンジでかつ高画質な画像を撮像できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明のデジタルカメラの構成を示すブロック図である。
【図2】固体撮像素子の画素配列を示す説明図である。
【図3】デジタル信号処理部の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図4】デジタルカメラの撮影シーケンスを示すフローチャートである。
【図5】被写体輝度域と主感光部,従感光部の各出力との関係を示すグラフである。
【図6】ISO100で被写体輝度域200%における露出制御を示すタイミングチャートである。
【図7】ISO100で被写体輝度域800%における露出制御を示すタイミングチャートである。
【符号の説明】
1 画素
2 受光部
3 従感光部
4 主感光部
12 固体撮像素子
15 CPU
17 タイミングジェネレータ
25 デジタル信号処理部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an imaging apparatus, and more particularly to an imaging apparatus capable of capturing an image with a wide dynamic range and high image quality.
[0002]
[Prior art]
When shooting an indoor scene with an imaging device using a solid-state imaging device such as a CCD image sensor, for example, a digital still camera (hereinafter referred to as a digital camera), even if a person in the room is exposed properly, the blue is visible from the window. The sky may fly out, resulting in an unnatural image as a whole. This is because the dynamic range of the image is narrow, and in order to solve this problem, conventionally, the dynamic range of the image is widened by capturing and combining two images.
[0003]
For example, the first short-time exposure image (low-sensitivity image) is taken with the high-speed shutter turned off, and then the second long-time exposure image (high-sensitivity image) is taken with the low-speed shutter turned off. Then, by combining these two images, the scenery outside the window shown in the low-sensitivity image is overlapped with the high-sensitivity image in which the indoor scenery is well reflected.
[0004]
In the imaging apparatus described in Patent Literature 1, when combining two images, a moving subject portion does not match exactly between a low-sensitivity image and a high-sensitivity image. The image is synthesized by replacing with a high-sensitivity image.
[0005]
Further, the applicant of the present invention comprises a light-receiving portion of each pixel of the solid-state image pickup device including a main photosensitive portion having a relatively large area and a secondary photosensitive portion having a relatively small area. A solid-state imaging device that can selectively extract image signals from either of them has been proposed (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-016835).
[0006]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 2000-307963 A
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Although it is conceivable to provide an image pickup apparatus capable of picking up an image with a wide dynamic range using the solid-state image pickup device proposed by the present applicant in the image processing apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the maximum luminance portion of the subject When the luminance ratio between the minimum luminance area and the minimum luminance area (referred to as “subject luminance range” or “subject contrast”) is large, the secondary photosensitive area will not be saturated even if the primary photosensitive area is saturated. However, there is a problem that the image quality is disadvantageous (S / N deteriorates).
[0008]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an imaging apparatus that can capture a high dynamic image with a wide dynamic range.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above problems, an image pickup apparatus according to the present invention is an image pickup apparatus using a solid-state image pickup device in which a large number of pixels each having a photosensitive portion including a main photosensitive portion and a narrow secondary photosensitive portion having a relatively large area are arranged. And measuring means for measuring the subject luminance range, and setting means for setting the exposure time of the slave photosensitive unit relative to the exposure time of the main photosensitive unit based on the subject luminance range. Further, in an imaging apparatus using a solid-state imaging device in which a large number of pixels each having a photosensitive part composed of a main photosensitive part having a relatively large area and a narrow secondary photosensitive part are arranged, ISO sensitivity setting means for setting ISO sensitivity; Setting means for setting the exposure time of the slave photosensitive portion relative to the exposure time of the main photosensitive portion based on the ISO sensitivity.
[0010]
When the size of the subject luminance area with respect to the main photosensitive area reproduction area, which is a range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive area is not saturated, is less than 100%, the setting means exposes the secondary photosensitive area. Are not changed. Further, the setting means is configured to output the high-sensitivity image signal when the size of the subject luminance range with respect to the main photosensitive portion reproduction range, which is a range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive portion is not saturated, is less than 100%. Only the image signal. Further, when the size of the subject luminance area with respect to the reproduction area of the main photosensitive area, which is a range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive area is not saturated, is 100% or more, the larger this value, the more the secondary photosensitive area. This shortens the exposure time. Further, when the subject luminance area is less than 100% with respect to the main photosensitive area reproduction area in which the high sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive area is not saturated, the exposure time of the main photosensitive area is set as the main photosensitive area. The exposure time of the slave photosensitive portion is obtained by dividing the saturation level ratio of the secondary portion and the secondary photosensitive portion. Further, the setting means sets the exposure time of the slave photosensitive portion to be shorter as the ISO sensitivity is set higher.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In FIG. 1 showing a configuration of a digital camera according to an embodiment of the present invention, a solid-state imaging device (CCD) 12 is provided behind a taking lens 10 via a mechanical shutter (hereinafter referred to as a mechanical shutter) 11. . The mechanical shutter 11 and the CCD 12 are driven by a shutter driving unit 13 and a driver 14.
[0012]
A timing generator 17 controlled by the CPU 15 is connected to the shutter drive unit 13 and the driver 14, and a timing signal (clock pulse) is input from the timing generator 17. The image pickup signal output from the CCD 12 is input to a CDS (correlated double sampling) / GCA (variable gain amplifier) 22 as R, G, and B image signals that accurately correspond to the accumulated charge amount of each cell of the CCD 12. It is amplified after being output. The analog signal output from the CDS / GCA 22 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 23. In the present embodiment, the GCA gain is equivalent to ISO 100 by default.
[0013]
The digital signal output from the A / D converter 23 is input to the digital signal processing unit 25, subjected to processing such as image synthesis described later, and then stored in the memory card 26 through processing such as jpeg compression. Further, it is displayed on the liquid crystal monitor 27 via a liquid crystal driver (not shown). The CPU 15 is connected to a nonvolatile memory 24 that stores various data referred to by the CPU 15. In addition, a user instruction signal is input to the CPU 15 through the operation unit 28, and the CPU 15 performs various controls according to the instruction.
[0014]
In FIG. 2 showing a part of the CCD 12 in an enlarged manner, the CCD 12 is a so-called honeycomb type CCD (for example, described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-136391), and the light receiving portion 2 of each pixel 1 which is a photoelectric conversion element is an octagon. I am doing. Each light receiving unit 2 includes a secondary photosensitive unit 3 occupying about 1/5 of the area and a main photosensitive unit 4 occupying the remaining about 4/5. The area of the secondary photosensitive unit 3 is 1/4 of the area of the primary photosensitive unit 4. The sensitivity of the secondary photosensitive unit 3 is 1/16, the saturation level is 1/4, and the dynamic range is 4 with respect to the primary photosensitive unit 4. Is double. The CCD 12 can read and transfer a signal charge of each slave photosensitive unit 3 and a signal charge of each main photosensitive unit 4 to a vertical transfer path (not shown) for transferring in a vertical direction. Yes.
[0015]
As shown in FIG. 3, the digital signal processing unit 25 generates a high-sensitivity image signal (image signal obtained from the main photosensitive unit 4) and a low-sensitivity image signal (image signal obtained from the secondary photosensitive unit 3), respectively. A logarithmic addition method in which addition processing is performed after gamma correction is employed. That is, the digital signal processing unit 25 includes offset correction circuits 31a and 31b that perform offset processing on the RGB color signals of the high-sensitivity image and the low-sensitivity image output from the A / D converter 23, and the offset. Gain correction circuits 32a and 32b that white balance the output signals of the correction circuits 31a and 31b, and gamma correction circuits 33a and 33b that perform gamma correction on the color signals after gain correction are provided.
[0016]
The digital signal processing unit 25 synthesizes the high-sensitivity image signal output from the gamma correction circuit 33a and the low-sensitivity image signal output from the gamma correction circuit 33b in units of pixels, and outputs the image composition processing circuit 34. The RGB interpolating circuit 35 that interpolates the RGB color signals after image synthesis to obtain RGB three color signals at each light receiving portion position, and RGB / YC that obtains the luminance signal Y and the color difference signals Cr and Cb from the RGB color signals. A conversion circuit 36, a noise filter 37 that reduces noise from the luminance signal Y and the color difference signals Cr and Cb, a contour correction circuit 38 that performs contour correction on the luminance signal Y after noise reduction, and the color difference signals Cr and Cb. A color difference matrix circuit 39 that performs color tone correction by multiplying the color difference matrix is provided.
[0017]
The operation of the digital camera configured as described above will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. After the power switch is turned on, when the photographing lens 10 is pointed at the subject and the shutter button is depressed, the digital signal processing unit 25 integrates the luminance signal of the low-sensitivity image signal output from the slave photosensitive unit 3 and sends it to the CPU 15. The CPU 15 determines the relationship between the subject luminance range, which is the ratio between the maximum value and the minimum value of the integral value, and the range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive unit 4 is not saturated (main photosensitive unit reproduction range). . The main photosensitive area reproduction area is a value determined by the ISO sensitivity setting of the digital camera.
[0018]
The CPU 15 controls the timing generator 17 according to the size (%) of the subject luminance range with respect to the main photosensitive portion reproduction range, and changes the photosensitive portion exposure time t when the subject luminance range is 100% or more. The relationship between the size (%) of the subject luminance area with respect to the main photosensitive area reproduction area and the secondary photosensitive area exposure time t is set as shown in Table 1, and is stored in the nonvolatile memory 24 so that the CPU 15 can refer to it. It is remembered. In Table 1, T is the main photosensitive portion exposure time.
[0019]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004043379
[0020]
When the subject luminance area is less than 100%, as shown in FIG. 5, since it is within the main photosensitive area reproduction area, the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive area 4 is not saturated, and sufficient gradation is reproduced. Since it can, normal signal processing is performed. In this normal signal processing, the digital signal processing unit 25 performs image processing only on the high-sensitivity image signal and does not synthesize it with the low-sensitivity image signal without changing the sub-photosensitive portion exposure time t. The high sensitivity image signal output from the digital signal processing unit 25 is compressed into a jpeg image and written to the memory card 26.
[0021]
When the subject luminance range is 100% or more and less than 200%, as shown in FIG. 5, the secondary photosensitive unit 3 is not saturated even after the primary photosensitive unit 4 is saturated, and the low-sensitivity image signal has sufficient gradation. Therefore, the CPU 15 refers to the non-volatile memory 24 and sets the timing generator 17 so that the exposure time t of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 is twice the exposure time T of the main photosensitive unit 4 (see Table 1). Control. Thereby, the performance of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 can be used up sufficiently.
[0022]
As shown in the timing chart of FIG. 6, simultaneously with the opening of the mechanical shutter 11, the charge of the slave photosensitive unit 3 is discharged, and the charge accumulation (exposure) of the slave photosensitive unit 3 is started. Charge accumulation (exposure) of the main photosensitive portion 4 starts from the moment when the exposure time of the secondary photosensitive portion 3 reaches T. Further, after the time T has elapsed, the transfer path sweeping drive is performed, and the high-sensitivity image signal is read from the main photosensitive portion 4 and then the low-sensitivity image signal is read from the secondary photosensitive portion 3.
[0023]
The high-sensitivity image signal and the low-sensitivity image signal read out from the CCD 12 are respectively output as R, G, and B image signals by the CDS / GCA 22, amplified, and converted into digital signals by the A / D converter 23. The The digitized high-sensitivity image signal and low-sensitivity image signal are input to the digital signal processing unit 25, synthesized in units of pixels, converted into a luminance signal Y and color difference signals Cr and Cb, and output. These signals are jpeg compressed and stored in the memory card 26.
[0024]
As described above, a high-quality image can be obtained by combining the high-sensitivity image signal and the low-sensitivity image signal with a wide dynamic range and sufficiently using the performance of the secondary photosensitive unit 4.
[0025]
Further, when the subject luminance range is 200% or more and less than 300%, the timing is set so that the exposure time t of the slave photosensitive unit 4 is 1.5 times the exposure time T of the main photosensitive unit 4 (see Table 1). The generator 17 is controlled. Further, when the subject luminance range is 300% or more and less than 400%, the timing generator 17 sets the exposure time t of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 to be the same as the exposure time T of the main photosensitive unit 4 (see Table 1). Be controlled.
[0026]
When the subject luminance range is 800%, as shown in FIG. 7, the timing generator 17 sets the exposure time t of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 to be ½ of the exposure time T of the main photosensitive unit 4. Be controlled. In addition, although the normal signal processing is not combined, the exposure time t of the slave photosensitive unit 3 may be combined as four times the exposure time T of the main photosensitive unit 4. In this case, the entire exposure time becomes long, but the performance of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 can be fully used.
[0027]
In the embodiment described above, the digital camera automatically sets the exposure time t of the follower unit 4 based on the measured subject luminance range, but the user operates the operation unit 28 to set the ISO sensitivity of the digital camera. By changing the exposure time t, the exposure time t of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 may be changed.
[0028]
For example, when the user changes the ISO sensitivity of the digital camera from normal ISO 100 to ISO 200, the GCA gain of the CDS / GCA 22 is set to double. As a result, the contrast of the image is doubled. As a result, the image is the same as when the subject luminance range (subject contrast) is doubled. Therefore, when the ISO sensitivity of the digital camera is set to ISO 200, the CPU 15 controls the timing generator 17 so that the exposure time t of the slave photosensitive unit 4 is twice the exposure time T of the main photosensitive unit 4. Similarly, when ISO 300 is set, the exposure time t of the secondary photosensitive unit 4 is 1.5 times the exposure time T of the primary photosensitive unit 4, and when it is set to ISO 400, the secondary photosensitive unit 4 is set. The timing generator 17 is controlled so that the exposure time t of 4 is the same as the exposure time T of the main photosensitive portion 4.
[0029]
In the above embodiment, the light receiving portion of each pixel of the CCD is divided at a ratio of the area of the main photosensitive portion 4 to the area 1 of the secondary photosensitive portion. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the division ratio is, for example, 5 : 1 etc. In this case, the sensitivity of the slave photosensitive portion is 1/25, the saturation level is 1/5, and the dynamic range is 5 times that of the primary photosensitive portion, and the slave photosensitive portion exposure time t = 5T in a subject luminance range of 100%. (T is exposure time of main photosensitive portion), t = 2.5T at 200%, t = 1.67T at 300%, t = 1.25T at 400%, and t = T at 500%.
[0030]
In the above embodiment, a honeycomb type CCD is used as the solid-state imaging device. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a Bayer type CCD or a CMOS image sensor may be used. Moreover, although the said embodiment was a digital camera, this invention is not limited to this, As long as a solid-state image sensor is used, an image input device, a surveillance camera, etc. may be sufficient. Further, as the nonvolatile memory, for example, a ROM or a flash memory can be used.
[0031]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the imaging apparatus of the present invention, the subject luminance range is measured and the exposure time of the slave photosensitive portion is set with respect to the exposure time of the primary photosensitive portion of the solid-state imaging device. It can be used up sufficiently and can capture high-quality images with a wide dynamic range. In addition, since the exposure time of the slave photosensitive portion relative to the exposure time of the primary photosensitive portion is set by setting the ISO sensitivity, the performance of the slave photosensitive portion can be fully used, and a high-quality image can be taken with a wide dynamic range. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a digital camera of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a pixel arrangement of a solid-state image sensor.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of a digital signal processing unit.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a shooting sequence of the digital camera.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing a relationship between a subject luminance range and outputs of a main photosensitive portion and a secondary photosensitive portion.
6 is a timing chart showing exposure control in a subject luminance range of 200% with ISO 100. FIG.
FIG. 7 is a timing chart showing exposure control in a subject luminance range of 800% with ISO100.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Pixel 2 Light-receiving part 3 Secondary photosensitive part 4 Main photosensitive part 12 Solid-state image sensor 15 CPU
17 Timing generator 25 Digital signal processor

Claims (7)

面積が相対的に広い主感光部と狭い従感光部とからなる感光部を有する画素を多数配列した固体撮像素子を用いる撮像装置において、
被写体輝度域を測定する測定手段と、前記被写体輝度域に基づいて主感光部の露出時間に対する従感光部の露出時間を設定する設定手段とを備えたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
In an imaging apparatus using a solid-state imaging device in which a large number of pixels having a photosensitive part composed of a main photosensitive part having a relatively large area and a narrow secondary photosensitive part are arranged,
An imaging apparatus comprising: a measuring unit that measures a subject luminance range; and a setting unit that sets an exposure time of a slave photosensitive unit with respect to an exposure time of a main photosensitive unit based on the subject luminance range.
面積が相対的に広い主感光部と狭い従感光部とからなる感光部を有する画素を多数配列した固体撮像素子を用いる撮像装置において、
ISO感度の設定を行うISO感度設定手段と、前記ISO感度に基づいて主感光部の露出時間に対する従感光部の露出時間を設定する設定手段とを備えたことを特徴とする撮像装置。
In an imaging apparatus using a solid-state imaging device in which a large number of pixels having a photosensitive part composed of a main photosensitive part having a relatively large area and a narrow secondary photosensitive part are arranged,
An imaging apparatus comprising: ISO sensitivity setting means for setting an ISO sensitivity; and setting means for setting an exposure time of a slave photosensitive portion relative to an exposure time of a main photosensitive portion based on the ISO sensitivity.
前記設定手段は、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%未満の時は、前記従感光部の露出時間を変更しないことを特徴とする請求項1記載の撮像装置。When the size of the subject luminance area with respect to the main photosensitive area reproduction area, which is a range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive area is not saturated, is less than 100%, the setting means exposes the secondary photosensitive area. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging device is not changed. 前記設定手段は、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%未満の時は、前記高感度画像信号のみを画像信号とすることを特徴とする請求項1または3記載の撮像装置。The setting means only outputs the high-sensitivity image signal when the size of the subject luminance range with respect to the main photosensitive portion reproduction range, which is a range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive portion is not saturated, is less than 100%. The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the imaging apparatus is an image signal. 前記設定手段は、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%以上の時は、この値が大きい程、前記従感光部の露出時間を短くすることを特徴とする請求項1,3,4いずれか記載の撮像装置。When the size of the subject luminance range with respect to the main photosensitive portion reproduction range, which is a range in which the high-sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive portion is not saturated, is 100% or more, the setting means increases the value. 5. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an exposure time of the secondary photosensitive portion is shortened. 前記設定手段は、前記主感光部から出力される高感度画像信号が飽和しない範囲である主感光部再現域に対する被写体輝度域の大きさが100%未満の時は、前記主感光部の露出時間を主感光部と従感光部の飽和レベル比で割ったものを従感光部の露出時間とすることを特徴とする請求項1,3,4いずれか記載の撮像装置。The setting means has an exposure time of the main photosensitive portion when the size of the subject luminance range with respect to the main photosensitive portion reproduction range, which is a range in which the high sensitivity image signal output from the main photosensitive portion is not saturated, is less than 100%. 5. The image pickup apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exposure time of the slave photosensitive portion is obtained by dividing the above by the saturation level ratio of the primary photosensitive portion and the secondary photosensitive portion. 前記設定手段は、前記ISO感度を高く設定する程、前記従感光部の露出時間を短く設定することを特徴とする請求項2記載の撮像装置。The imaging apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the setting unit sets the exposure time of the sub-photosensitive portion to be shorter as the ISO sensitivity is set higher.
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