JP4043349B2 - Method for coloring food and method for producing colored food - Google Patents
Method for coloring food and method for producing colored food Download PDFInfo
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- JP4043349B2 JP4043349B2 JP2002340098A JP2002340098A JP4043349B2 JP 4043349 B2 JP4043349 B2 JP 4043349B2 JP 2002340098 A JP2002340098 A JP 2002340098A JP 2002340098 A JP2002340098 A JP 2002340098A JP 4043349 B2 JP4043349 B2 JP 4043349B2
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、食品の着色方法に関し、詳しくは食品表面に着色素材を用いて着色する場合の変色、退色が抑制された食品の着色方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
現在、食品に使用される着色料には、合成タール系の色素と、天然物から抽出された天然色素があるが、消費者の健康意識の高まりから、化学合成品であるタール系の色素は嫌われ、天然色素が主に使用されつつある。
【0003】
しかし、この天然色素を用いた場合は、光照射による光分解や酸化あるいは熱による変色、退色するという欠点がある。
【0004】
天然色素が、熱によって分解されるという点に関しては、あらかじめ多量の天然色素を食品原料に添加しておくことで解決する。しかし、光分解に関して経時的に退色する問題に対しては、解決手段が見出されていない。従来、このような問題に対して、食品にビタミンCやトコフェノールを添加したり、紫外線を遮断するために食品をアルミニウム容器で包装することも検討されているが、ビタミンCやコトフェノールの添加は、ある程度効果は見られるものの、上記問題を解決したものではなく、またアルミニウムの包装を用いた場合は、内部の食品が見えなくなるので、パッケージ内部を外から強調したい商品には使用することができない。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は上記問題を解決するためになされたものであり、その目的とするところは、光照射による光分解や酸化あるいは熱による変色、退色を抑制した食品の着色方法と着色食品の製造方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、当該課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を行った結果、食品素材表面を予め、低圧高温過熱水蒸気で処理し、その後着色素材で着色することにより、退色防止できることを発見し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0007】
すなわち、本発明の食品の着色方法は、食品素材表面を低圧高温過熱水蒸気で処理する工程、および該食品素材表面を着色素材で着色する工程、を包含する食品の着色方法であって、該低圧高温過熱水蒸気が、飽和蒸気にさらに熱を加えた200〜600℃の水蒸気であり、そのことにより上記目的が達成される。
【0008】
一つの実施態様では、前記低圧高温過熱水蒸気の温度が300〜500℃、処理時間が5秒〜180秒である。
【0009】
また、本発明の着色食品の製造方法は、食品素材表面を低圧高温過熱水蒸気で処理する工程、および該食品素材表面を着色素材で着色する工程、を包含する着色食品の製造方法であって、該低圧高温過熱水蒸気が、飽和蒸気にさらに熱を加えた200〜600℃の水蒸気であり、そのことにより上記目的が達成される。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
まず、本発明に係る食品について述べる。
【0011】
本発明に係る食品とは、食品素材表面を着色素材で着色するものであればよく、特に限定されるものではないが、蒲鉾類、漬物類、畜肉練り物類等があげられる。
【0012】
次に、本発明で使用する着色素材について述べる。
【0013】
着色素材は、天然色素および合成色素を共に使用でき、特に限定されないが、天然色素が好適に用いられる。天然色素を含む植物体、動物体、微生物体またはその粉体加工品、搾汁液、抽出液の精製加工品も同様に使用できる。天然色素は一般に退色性を有する。
【0014】
食品素材表面を着色素材で着色する方法としては、食品素材に着色素材を直接用い着色する方法、および他の食品素材と着色素材とを混合しその着色食品素材を用いて、未着色の食品素材に着色する方法がある。しかし、特に着色素材の使用方法が限定されるものではない。
【0015】
次に、本発明で使用する低圧高温過熱水蒸気装置について述べる。
【0016】
低圧高温過熱水蒸気とは、飽和水蒸気にさらに熱を加えた100℃以上の高温の水蒸気のことである。その低圧高温過熱水蒸気雰囲気下に、食品素材表面をさらして低圧高温過熱水蒸気で処理できる装置であれば、限定されるものではない。例えば、連続式の低圧高温過熱水蒸気発生装置およびバッチ式の低圧高温過熱水蒸気発生装置が好適に用いられる。例えば、低圧高温過熱水蒸気の発生装置は、直本工業(株)スチームオーブン、豊田テクノ(株)スーパーサーモスチームオーブン等が好適に使用できる。
【0017】
低圧高温過熱水蒸気を食品素材に作用させる処理としては、200〜600℃程度の低圧高温過熱水蒸気を使用するのが好ましい。さらに好ましくは300〜500℃程度の低圧高温過熱水蒸気である。処理時間は5秒〜180秒が好ましい。さらに好ましい処理時間は10〜120秒である。処理温度および処理時間は、それぞれ食品素材の水分量および形態に応じてこの範囲の条件内で選択すればよい。
【0018】
低圧高温過熱水蒸気の処理温度が200℃未満の場合には、退色防止の効果が不十分であり、600℃を超えると、食品表面が劣化するおそれがある、処理時間が5秒未満では、同様に退色防止の効果が不十分で、180秒を超えると過熱されすぎて食品表面が劣化するおそれがある。
【0019】
低圧高温過熱水蒸気を食品素材に作用させることによって、食品表面は微細な多孔状となる。
【0020】
次に、低圧高温過熱水蒸気処理を終えた食品素材に、上記したように、着色素材を用いて着色する。
【0021】
このようにして、得られた食品素材表面に着色素材を用いて着色した食品は、多孔状の中に着色素材が埋め込まれるので、退色が進行しにくい。
【0022】
以上の通り、本発明によれば、食品表面に着色素材を用いて着色する場合、変色および退色を抑制することができる。又、浅漬のような漬物の場合は、着色素材のみならず、調味液の浸透性もよくなるので、短時間のうちに完成する。
【0023】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例によって具体的に説明する。もちろん、本発明は本実施例により限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
洋上冷凍スケトウすり身を解凍後、澱粉、食塩、調味料、冷水等を用いて混合、らい潰して魚肉すり身原料糊を得た。この魚肉すり身原料糊を板状に成形後、加熱凝固したものを食品素材とした。その食品素材を、350℃の低圧高温過熱水蒸気雰囲気下にて、30秒間食品素材表面を低圧高温過熱水蒸気処理した。
【0024】
その後、着色素材として、紅鞠色素(色価75)を使用し、直接食品素材に塗布し、着色された食品を得た。
【0025】
その着色食品を、蛍光灯下(9000ルクス)で12時間放置し、表面の着色された部分を色彩色差計にて色差を測定し、退色の進行を測定した。
【0026】
さらに、同様な方法で調製した食品素材を低圧過熱水蒸気処理をせず、上記と同様な方法で着色したものを比較対照とした。
【0027】
退色度の結果を表1に示した。なお、退色度の測定は、次式で算出した。
【0028】
【式1】
(L1,a1,b1:着色直後の食品表面の色彩式色差計測定値であって、それぞれ退色処理前の明度、赤味、黄味、L2,a2,b2:蛍光灯下に放置された後の食品表面の色彩式色差計測定値であって、それぞれ退色処理後の明度、赤味、黄味を示す。)
すなわち、L値は明度を示すもので数値が小さいほど;a値は赤味を示すもので数値が小さいほど;また、b値は黄味を示すもので数値が小さいほど、それぞれ退色が進行していることを示している。
【0029】
【表1】
(実施例2)
牛挽肉1重量部、豚挽肉1重量部を、澱粉、食塩、調味料、冷水等を用いて混合して畜肉原料糊を得た。
【0030】
畜肉原料糊を板状に成形した後、加熱凝固したものを食品素材とした。
【0031】
その食品素材の表面を、350℃の低圧過熱水蒸気雰囲気下にて30秒間低圧過熱水蒸気処理した。
その後、着色素材として、紅鞠色素(色価75)を使用し、直接食品素材に塗布し、着色された食品を得た。
【0032】
その着色食品を、蛍光灯下(9000ルクス)で12時間放置し、表面の着色された部分を色彩色差計にて色差を測定し、退色の進行を測定した。
【0033】
さらに、同様な方法で調製した食品素材を低圧過熱水蒸気処理をせず、同様な方法で着色したものを比較対照とした。
【0034】
退色度の結果を表2に示した。退色度の測定は実施例1と同様に算出した。
【0035】
すなわち、数値が大きいほど、退色が進行していることを示している。
【0036】
【表2】
(実施例3)
輪切り大根の表面を300℃の低圧過熱水蒸気雰囲気下にて10秒間低圧過熱水蒸気処理した。その後、着色素材として、紅鞠色素(色価75)を1%含有した浅漬用調味液に10℃で1時間浸漬し、着色された大根の浅漬を得た。
【0037】
その浅漬を、蛍光灯下(9000ルクス)で12時間放置し、表面の着色された部分を色彩色差計にて色差を測定し、退色の進行を測定した。
【0038】
さらに、同様な方法で調製した輪切り大根を低圧過熱水蒸気処理をせず、同様な方法で着色したものを比較対照とした。
【0039】
退色度の結果を表3に示した。退色度の測定は実施例1と同様に算出した。
【0040】
尚、味の官能検査を10名のパネルによって実施したところ、全員、低圧過熱水蒸気処理をした方が優れているとの評価をした。
【0041】
【表3】
【0042】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、食品素材表面を予め、低圧高温過熱水蒸気で処理し、その後着色素材で着色したので、熱および光に対する変色、退色を抑制でき、また従来のようにアルミニウムの包装を用いる必要もなく、パッケージ内部を外から強調したい商品にも支障なく使用することができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a food coloring method, and more particularly to a food coloring method in which discoloration and fading are suppressed when coloring a food surface using a coloring material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Currently, the colorants used in foods include synthetic tar-based pigments and natural pigments extracted from natural products, but due to increased consumer health awareness, tar-based pigments that are chemically synthesized products are Disliked, natural pigments are mainly being used.
[0003]
However, when this natural pigment is used, there is a drawback that it is photodegraded by light irradiation, discoloration due to oxidation or heat, and fading.
[0004]
The point that natural pigments are decomposed by heat can be solved by adding a large amount of natural pigments to food ingredients in advance. However, no solution has been found for the problem of fading over time with respect to photolysis. In the past, it has been studied to add vitamin C or tocophenol to foods or to package foods in aluminum containers to block ultraviolet rays. Although it is effective to some extent, it does not solve the above problem, and when aluminum packaging is used, the food inside is not visible, so it can be used for products that emphasize the inside of the package from the outside. Can not.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-mentioned problems. The object of the present invention is to provide a food coloring method and a colored food manufacturing method in which photolysis, oxidation, or discoloration or discoloration due to heat is suppressed by light irradiation. It is to provide.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the problem, the present inventors have discovered that the surface of the food material can be prevented in advance by treating the surface of the food material with low-pressure and high-temperature superheated steam in advance and then coloring with a coloring material. The invention has been completed.
[0007]
That is, the coloring method of the food of the present invention, the food material surface a low-pressure high-temperature heating step of treating with steam, and the step of coloring the food product material surface with colored material, method of coloring including food, said low pressure The high-temperature superheated steam is steam at 200 to 600 ° C. obtained by further adding heat to the saturated steam, thereby achieving the above object.
[0008]
In one embodiment, the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam has a temperature of 300 to 500 ° C. and a treatment time of 5 to 180 seconds.
[0009]
Further, the method for producing a colored food of the present invention is a method for producing a colored food comprising the steps of treating the surface of the food material with low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam, and coloring the surface of the food material with a coloring material , The low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam is steam at 200 to 600 ° C. obtained by further adding heat to saturated steam, and thereby the above-described object is achieved.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
First, the food according to the present invention will be described.
[0011]
The food according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the food material surface is colored with a coloring material, and examples thereof include potatoes, pickles, and meat paste.
[0012]
Next, the coloring material used in the present invention will be described.
[0013]
The coloring material can use both natural pigments and synthetic pigments, and is not particularly limited, but natural pigments are preferably used. Plants, animal bodies, microorganisms or processed powdered products thereof, natural juice containing the natural pigment, squeezed juice, and purified processed extracts can also be used. Natural pigments generally have a fading property.
[0014]
As a method of coloring the surface of the food material with the coloring material, the coloring material is directly used for coloring the food material, and the other food material and the coloring material are mixed and the colored food material is used, and the uncolored food material is used. There is a method of coloring. However, the method of using the coloring material is not particularly limited.
[0015]
Next, the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam apparatus used in the present invention will be described.
[0016]
Low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam is steam at a high temperature of 100 ° C. or higher obtained by adding heat to saturated steam. The apparatus is not limited as long as the apparatus can expose the food material surface to the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam atmosphere and treat it with the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam. For example, a continuous low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam generator and a batch-type low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam generator are preferably used. For example, Naomoto Kogyo Co., Ltd. steam oven, Toyota Techno Co., Ltd. super thermo steam oven, etc. can be used suitably for the low pressure high temperature superheated steam generator.
[0017]
As the treatment for causing the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam to act on the food material, it is preferable to use low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam of about 200 to 600 ° C. More preferably, it is low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam at about 300 to 500 ° C. The treatment time is preferably 5 seconds to 180 seconds. Further preferable processing time is 10 to 120 seconds. What is necessary is just to select processing temperature and processing time within the conditions of this range according to the moisture content and form of a foodstuff, respectively.
[0018]
When the treatment temperature of the low-pressure and high-temperature superheated steam is less than 200 ° C., the effect of preventing discoloration is insufficient. When the treatment temperature exceeds 600 ° C., the food surface may be deteriorated. Further, the effect of preventing fading is insufficient, and if it exceeds 180 seconds, the food surface may be deteriorated due to overheating.
[0019]
By allowing the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam to act on the food material, the food surface becomes finely porous.
[0020]
Next, as described above, the food material that has been subjected to the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam treatment is colored using the coloring material.
[0021]
In this way, the food that is colored on the surface of the obtained food material using the coloring material is less likely to fade because the coloring material is embedded in the porous shape.
[0022]
As described above, according to the present invention, when a food material is colored using a coloring material, discoloration and fading can be suppressed. In addition, in the case of pickles such as shallow pickles, the permeability of not only the coloring materials but also the seasoning liquid is improved, so that it is completed in a short time.
[0023]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described by way of examples. Of course, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
Example 1
After thawing the frozen frozen groundnut surimi, it was mixed and crushed using starch, salt, seasoning, cold water, etc. to obtain a paste for surimi fish meat. This fish paste raw paste was molded into a plate shape and then heat-coagulated to make a food material. The food material surface was subjected to a low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam treatment for 30 seconds in a low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam atmosphere at 350 ° C.
[0024]
Thereafter, a red potato pigment (color value 75) was used as a coloring material and applied directly to the food material to obtain a colored food.
[0025]
The colored food was allowed to stand for 12 hours under a fluorescent lamp (9000 lux), the color difference of the colored portion of the surface was measured with a color difference meter, and the progress of fading was measured.
[0026]
Furthermore, the food material prepared by the same method was not subjected to the low-pressure superheated steam treatment and was colored by the same method as described above as a comparative control.
[0027]
The results of the degree of fading are shown in Table 1. In addition, the measurement of the fading degree was calculated by the following formula.
[0028]
[Formula 1]
(L1, a1, b1: Color-type color difference meter measurement values on the surface of food immediately after coloring, brightness before fading treatment, redness, yellowness, L2, a2, b2: after being left under fluorescent light (The color-type color difference meter measurement value on the surface of food, indicating the brightness, redness, and yellowness after fading treatment.)
That is, the L value indicates lightness and the smaller the value; the a value indicates redness and the numerical value is smaller; and the b value indicates yellowishness and the smaller the value, the fading progresses. It shows that.
[0029]
[Table 1]
(Example 2)
1 part by weight of ground beef and 1 part by weight of ground pork were mixed using starch, salt, seasoning, cold water, etc. to obtain livestock raw material paste.
[0030]
The raw material paste was formed into a plate shape and then heat-solidified to make a food material.
[0031]
The surface of the food material was subjected to low-pressure superheated steam treatment for 30 seconds in a low-pressure superheated steam atmosphere at 350 ° C.
Thereafter, a red potato pigment (color value 75) was used as a coloring material and applied directly to the food material to obtain a colored food.
[0032]
The colored food was allowed to stand for 12 hours under a fluorescent lamp (9000 lux), the color difference of the colored portion of the surface was measured with a color difference meter, and the progress of fading was measured.
[0033]
Furthermore, the food material prepared by the same method was not subjected to the low-pressure superheated steam treatment and colored by the same method as a comparative control.
[0034]
The results of the degree of fading are shown in Table 2. The measurement of the degree of fading was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0035]
That is, the larger the value, the more fading is progressing.
[0036]
[Table 2]
(Example 3)
The surface of the round radish was subjected to low-pressure superheated steam treatment for 10 seconds in a low-pressure superheated steam atmosphere at 300 ° C. Then, as a coloring material, it was immersed for 1 hour at 10 ° C. in a seasoning solution for shallow pickles containing 1% of red potato pigment (color value 75) to obtain a colored radish shallow pickled.
[0037]
The soaking was left under fluorescent light (9000 lux) for 12 hours, the color difference of the colored portion of the surface was measured with a color difference meter, and the progress of fading was measured.
[0038]
In addition, a sliced radish prepared by the same method was not subjected to the low-pressure superheated steam treatment and colored by the same method as a comparative control.
[0039]
The results of the degree of fading are shown in Table 3. The measurement of the degree of fading was calculated in the same manner as in Example 1.
[0040]
In addition, when the sensory test of taste was carried out by a panel of 10 persons, all of them evaluated that it was better to perform the low-pressure superheated steam treatment.
[0041]
[Table 3]
[0042]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the food material surface is previously treated with low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam, and then colored with a coloring material, so that it is possible to suppress discoloration and fading against heat and light, and it is necessary to use aluminum packaging as in the past In addition, it can be used for products that emphasize the inside of the package from the outside without any problem.
Claims (3)
該低圧高温過熱水蒸気が、飽和蒸気にさらに熱を加えた200〜600℃の水蒸気である食品の着色方法。A method for coloring a food comprising a step of treating the surface of the food material with low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam, and a step of coloring the surface of the food material with a coloring material ,
A method for coloring a food, wherein the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam is steam at 200 to 600 ° C. obtained by further adding heat to saturated steam .
該低圧高温過熱水蒸気が、飽和蒸気にさらに熱を加えた200〜600℃の水蒸気である着色食品の製造方法。A process for treating a food material surface with low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam, and a step for coloring the food material surface with a coloring material ,
A method for producing a colored food, wherein the low-pressure high-temperature superheated steam is steam at 200 to 600 ° C. obtained by further adding heat to saturated steam .
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JP2002340098A JP4043349B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2002-11-22 | Method for coloring food and method for producing colored food |
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JP2002340098A JP4043349B2 (en) | 2002-11-22 | 2002-11-22 | Method for coloring food and method for producing colored food |
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JP2004173510A JP2004173510A (en) | 2004-06-24 |
JP4043349B2 true JP4043349B2 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
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