JP4039713B2 - Antioxidant composition and food or feed containing the same - Google Patents

Antioxidant composition and food or feed containing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4039713B2
JP4039713B2 JP14157297A JP14157297A JP4039713B2 JP 4039713 B2 JP4039713 B2 JP 4039713B2 JP 14157297 A JP14157297 A JP 14157297A JP 14157297 A JP14157297 A JP 14157297A JP 4039713 B2 JP4039713 B2 JP 4039713B2
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egg yolk
antioxidant
hydrolyzate
antioxidant composition
defatted egg
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JPH10330747A (en
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俊介 堀池
有砂 山田
哲二 猪股
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QP Corp
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QP Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は酸化防止剤組成物に関し、更に詳しくは、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と抗酸化剤とを含有してなる酸化防止力の向上を目的とした酸化防止剤組成物及びこれを含有した食品又は飼料に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、高度不飽和脂肪酸であるリノール酸、エイコサペンタエン酸及びドコサヘキサエン酸等が、疫学的に抗血栓作用や血清コレステロール値を降下させる作用を有することから、多くの食品又は飼料に配合させるようになった。
【0003】
しかしながら、このような高度不飽和脂肪酸を含有した食品又は飼料は、保存状態が悪いとその脂肪酸が経時的に酸化して、風味の劣化、酸化臭の発生等がおきて商品価値を落とすことが問題となっている。
【0004】
そこで、このような酸化を防止する目的として、従来より、トコフェロール、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩、アスコルビン酸エステル、種々の蛋白質加水分解物及びこれらを組み合わせた酸化防止剤組成物が使用されている。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、従来の酸化防止剤組成物は、その効果は充分でなく、より効果のある酸化防止剤組成物が望まれている。
本発明の目的は、従来の酸化防止剤組成物に比べより酸化防止効果に優れた新規な酸化防止剤組成物を提供することである。
【0006】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、上記の目的を達成すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は、(1)平均分子量が200〜1000である脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と抗酸化剤とを含有してなる酸化防止剤組成物、(2)抗酸化剤がトコフェロール、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩、アスコルビン酸エステルのうちの1種又は2種以上を組み合わせてなる(1)記載の酸化防止剤組成物、(3)(1)または(2)記載の酸化防止剤組成物を含有してなる食品、(4)(1)または(2)記載の酸化防止剤組成物を含有してなる飼料を提供するものである。
【0007】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を詳細に説明する。尚、本発明において「%」はすべて「重量%」を意味する。
本発明に於いて「脱脂卵黄」とは、卵黄から卵黄脂質を除去したものをいい、通常鳥卵(代表的には鶏卵)を割卵分離して得られる卵黄液を、一旦乾燥して乾燥卵黄としたものに、例えばアルコール(90〜99%の含水アルコール)を作用させてアルコールに可溶な卵黄脂質(主に、トリグリセリド、コレステロール及びリン脂質)を抽出し、濾過により卵黄脂質を含有したアルコール画分を除去後、濾過残渣を乾燥させて得られる。なお、この脱脂卵黄には、卵黄蛋白に対し数10%の卵黄脂質が残存した状態のものも含まれる。
【0008】
また、本発明に於いて「脱脂卵黄の加水分解物」とは、前述の脱脂卵黄を酸、アルカリ、酵素等の1種あるいは2種以上の方法を組み合わせて加水分解したものをいう。
特に、これらの方法により得られた加水分解物の内、平均分子量が200〜1000の分解物は、後述する抗酸化剤と組み合わせることで、本発明の酸化防止剤組成物がより酸化防止効果を奏し望ましい。
さらに、酸加水分解を単独あるいは他の加水分解法と併用して得られた加水分解物は、風味がよく望ましい。
【0009】
また、「抗酸化剤」とは、それ自体で抗酸化力を有するものをいい、例えば、α−トコフェロール、β−トコフェロール、γ−トコフェロール、δ−トコフェロール又はこれらの混合物のトコフェロール、アスコルビン酸ナトリウム等のアスコルビン酸塩、アスコルビン酸パルミチン酸エステル又はアスコルビン酸ステアリン酸エステル等のアスコルビン酸エステル、アスコルビン酸、エリソルビン酸、卵白又は大豆等の蛋白質加水分解物、没食子酸、没食子酸プロピル等の没食子酸エステル、クエン酸、コハク酸、酒石酸、フマル酸又はリンゴ酸等の多塩基有機酸等があげられる。
これらの抗酸化剤の内、トコフェロール、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩及びアスコルビン酸エステルは、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と組み合わせることで他の抗酸化剤と比べ、より酸化防止効果を奏し好ましい。
【0010】
また、「脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と抗酸化剤とを含有してなる」とは、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と抗酸化剤とが何らかの状態で含有していれば足りる。例えば、粉末状の抗酸化剤に脱脂卵黄の加水分解物が混和した状態のもの、抗酸化剤の溶解液あるいは乳化液に脱脂卵黄の加水分解物が分散あるいは溶解した状態のもの、さらに該分散あるいは溶解液を乾燥し粉末状とした状態のもの等があげられる。
【0011】
また、「酸化防止剤組成物を含有してなる食品又は飼料」とは、食品または飼料に結果として抗酸化剤と脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を含んでいる状態をいい、このような状態を得る方法としては、抗酸化剤と脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を含有した酸化防止剤組成物を食品等に添加する方法や抗酸化剤と脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を別々に食品等に添加する方法等があげられる。
【0012】
「食品」とは、例えば、おかき、煎餅、おこし、饅頭、飴等の和菓子、クッキー、ビスケット、クラッカー、パイ、カステラ、ドーナッツ、プリン、スポンジケーキ、ワッフル、バタークリーム、カスタードクリーム、シュークリーム、チョコレート、チョコレート菓子、キャラメル、キャンデー、キューインガム、ゼリー、ホットケーキ、パン、菓子パン等の各種洋菓子、ポテトチップ等のスナック菓子、アイスクリーム、アイスキャンデー、シャーベット等の氷菓、乳酸飲料、乳酸菌飲料、濃厚乳性飲料、果汁飲料、果肉飲料、機能性飲料、炭酸飲料等の清涼飲料水、緑茶、紅茶、コーヒー、ココア等の嗜好品及びこれらの飲料、発酵乳、加工乳、チーズ等の乳製品、豆乳、豆腐等の大豆加工食品、ジャム、果実のシロップ漬、フラワーペースト、ピーナツペースト、フルーツペースト等のペースト類、漬物類、ハム、ソーセージ、ベーコン、ドライソーセイジ、ビーフジャーキー等の畜肉製品類、魚肉ハム、魚肉ソーセージ、かまぼこ、ちくわ、はんぺん等の魚貝類製品、魚、貝等の干物、鰹、鯖、鰺等の各種節、ウニ、イカ等の塩辛、スルメ、魚等のみりん干、鮭等の燻製品、のり、小魚、貝、山菜、椎茸、昆布等の佃煮、カレー、シチュー等のレトルト食品、みそ、醤油、ソース、ケチャップ、マヨネーズ、ドレッシング、ブイヨン、焼肉のタレ、カレールー、シチューの素、スープの素、だしの素等の各種調味料、米飯類、油脂を含有する各種レンジ及び冷凍食品等、酸化安定性を必要とする食品をいう。
【0013】
「飼料」とは、食用として飼育されている鶏、牛、豚等の餌、犬及び猫等のペット用の餌、金魚、鯉、グッピー等の観賞魚用の餌、ハマチ、鰻等の養殖魚用の餌等をいう。
【0014】
本発明の酸化防止剤組成物が、従来品に比べてより優れた酸化防止効果を如何なる理由により発揮するかは定かでないが、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物のアミノ酸組成または構成アミノ酸の配列により、抗酸化剤と組み合わせることで、抗酸化剤が有する酸化防止効果を脱脂卵黄の加水分解物が助長するからではないかと推察される。
【0015】
本発明の酸化防止剤組成物の代表的な製造方法を以下に説明する。
A.脱脂卵黄の加水分解物の調製
▲1▼卵黄液の乾燥
鳥卵(代表的には鶏卵)を割卵し、卵白液から分離して得られた卵黄液を、例えば、噴霧乾燥(スプレードライ)法あるいは凍結乾燥(フリーズドライ)法により乾燥する。乾燥は必須ではないが、乾燥により後工程の卵黄脂質の抽出除去が容易となる。
【0016】
▲2▼脱脂卵黄の調製
乾燥卵黄1部にアルコール(エタノール濃度約90〜99%、水分濃度約10〜1%)5〜20部を作用させてアルコールに可溶な卵黄脂質(主に、トリグリセリド、コレステロール及びリン脂質)を抽出し、フィルタープレス、圧搾濾過等の濾過法により卵黄脂質を含有したアルコール画分を除去し、必要に応じ濾過残渣に上記アルコールをさらに作用させて抽出・濾過後、濾過残渣を乾燥させ水分やアルコールを蒸発させる。
【0017】
▲3▼脱脂卵黄の加水分解物の調製
脱脂卵黄を酸、アルカリあるいは酵素等による加水分解のうち、単独あるいは2種以上の方法を組み合わせて加水分解する。以下に、これらの処理法の一例をあげる。
【0018】
酸加水分解法
脱脂卵黄1部に対し、5〜40部の0.5〜6N(規定度)の塩酸、あるいは0.5〜15N(規定度)の硫酸を添加し、例えば常圧下では50〜100℃で30分〜24時間処理し、中和後、濾過、必要に応じさらに脱塩し、脱脂卵黄の分解物の水溶液を得る。
【0019】
アルカリ加水分解法
脱脂卵黄1部に対し、5〜40部の0.5〜3N(規定度)の水酸化ナトリウム、あるいは水酸化カリウムを添加し、例えば常圧下では、40〜100℃で30分〜8時間処理し、中和後、濾過、必要に応じさらに脱塩し、脱脂卵黄の分解物の水溶液を得る。
【0020】
酵素加水分解法
脱脂卵黄1部に対し、10〜40部の水を加え、蛋白質分解酵素、例えばパパイン、パンクレアチン等を脱脂卵黄に対し0.5〜20%となるように添加し、該酵素の至適pH及び温度にて5〜40時間処理し、加熱により酵素を失活後、濾過し脱脂卵黄の分解物の水溶液を得る。
【0021】
酸加水分解法と酵素加水分解法の併用
脱脂卵黄1部に対し、5〜40部の0.5〜6N(規定度)の塩酸、あるいは0.5〜15N(規定度)の硫酸を添加し、例えば常圧下では、50〜100℃で30分〜24時間処理し、次に、蛋白質分解酵素の至適pHに調整後、蛋白質分解酵素を脱脂卵黄に対し0.1〜20%となるように加え、酵素の至適温度にて5〜40時間処理し、加熱により酵素を失活後、濾過、必要に応じ脱塩し、脱脂卵黄の分解物の水溶液を得る。
【0022】
各種加水分解法により得られた脱脂卵黄の加水分解物の水溶液は、所望により凍結乾燥(フリーズドライ)又は噴霧乾燥(スプレードライ)等の乾燥法で乾燥物としてもよい。
【0023】
B.酸化防止剤組成物の調製
▲1▼溶液状の酸化防止剤組成物の調製
トコフェロール、アスコルビン酸エステル等の油溶性の抗酸化剤を、乳化剤で乳化又は含水エタノールに溶解した液、あるいはアスコルビン酸等の水溶性の抗酸化剤の水溶液に、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を分散あるいは溶解し、溶液状の酸化防止剤組成物を得る。所望により、キサンタンガム、グアガム等の増粘剤及び/又はその他の添加剤を添加することもできる。
【0024】
▲2▼粉末状の酸化防止剤組成物の調製
上述の溶液状の酸化防止剤組成物、あるいはその調製の際に、カゼイン等の蛋白質及び/又は乳糖、デキストリン等の糖類等のような粉末化に使用する賦形剤を添加後、凍結乾燥あるいは噴霧乾燥を行い粉末状の酸化防止剤組成物を得る。
【0025】
以上、本発明の酸化防止剤組成物の代表例を説明したが、本発明の酸化防止組成物は、これらの製造方法以外でも製造できることは勿論のことである。
【0026】
次に本発明を実施例・試験例に基づき、さらに詳細に説明する。
【実施例】
実施例1
▲1▼脱脂卵黄の調製
鶏卵を割卵し、卵白液から分離して得られた卵黄液10kgを、噴霧乾燥法により水分を除去し乾燥卵黄4.8kgを得た。この乾燥卵黄4kgに95%エタノール20L(リットル)を加え、30℃で30分間攪拌後濾過により卵黄脂質を含有したアルコール画分を除去した。さらに濾過残渣を95%エタノール2Lで洗浄後濾過し残渣中の卵黄脂質を除去した。次に、この濾過残渣を減圧下50℃でエタノールを除去して脱脂卵黄1.7kgを得た。尚、この脱脂卵黄は、卵黄脂質を約15%含有していた。
【0027】
▲2▼脱脂卵黄の加水分解物の調製
上記の脱脂卵黄1kgに1.5N(規定度)塩酸溶液を10L(リットル)加え、90℃で3時間処理した。次に、4N(規定度)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液で中和後、濾過し、電気透析で脱塩し、得られた溶液を噴霧乾燥して脱脂卵黄の加水分解物(平均分子量約500)を得た。尚、得られた加水分解物は、風味のよいものであった。
【0028】
▲2▼酸化防止剤組成物の調製
上記の脱脂卵黄の加水分解物50gとデカグリセリンモノオレエート(理研ビタミン(株)製、商品名「ポエムJ−91F」)40gを、清水800gに溶解し、ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業(株)製、商品名「T.K.ホモミクサー」)を用い10000rpmで30分間攪拌しながらトコフェロール(吉原製油(株)製、商品名「ゴールデントコフェロール70」)を60g徐々に添加え、乳化状の酸化防止剤組成物を得た。
【0029】
実施例2
実施例1の脱脂卵黄1kgに水20L(リットル)を加え、1N(規定度)塩酸でpH7に調整後、蛋白質分解酵素(科研製薬(株)製、商品名「アクチナーゼAS」)100gを添加し、50℃で6時間処理後、さらに、別の蛋白質分解酵素(天野製薬(株)製、商品名「パンクレアチンF」)20gを添加し、40℃で6時間処理した。次に、この酵素処理液を90℃で30分間加熱処理を行い酵素を失活させ、濾過後、凍結乾燥して脱脂卵黄の加水分解物(平均分子量約600)を得た。尚、得られた加水分解物は、若干苦みを呈していた。
次に、実施例1の酸化防止剤組成物の製造と同様な方法で調製し乳化状の酸化防止剤組成物を得た。
【0030】
実施例3
実施例1の脱脂卵黄の加水分解物50g、デカグリセリンステアレート(理研ビタミン(株)製、商品名「ポエムJ−0081H」)40g及びデキストリン(松谷化学工業(株)製、商品名「パインデックス1」)100gを清水740gに溶解し、ホモミキサー(特殊機化工業(株)製、商品名「T.K.ホモミクサー」)を用い10000rpmで30分間攪拌しながらトコフェロール(吉原製油(株)製、商品名「ゴールデントコフェロール70」)を60g徐々に添加し、乳化する。この乳化物を噴霧乾燥して粉末状の酸化防止剤組成物を得た。
【0031】
実施例4
実施例1の脱脂卵黄の加水分解物100gと粉末状トコフェロール(理研ビタミン(株)製、商品名「理研ドライEミックス−20」)20gとを均一に混合し、粉末状の酸化防止剤組成物を得た。
【0032】
実施例5
実施例1及び実施例2で得られた乳化状の酸化防止剤組成物を、それぞれ1%添加した0.1%の食塩水に、丸干しシシャモを15分間浸漬後、水切りし、酸化防止剤組成物で被覆された丸干しシシャモを得た。尚、対照には、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を添加せずに実施例1の酸化防止剤組成物の調製と同様な方法で得られたトコフェロール製剤を用いた。
得られた丸干しシシャモを−20℃で5ヵ月間保存後、焼き、試食した。
その結果、実施例1及び実施例2の脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を含有した酸化防止剤組成物で被覆されたシシャモは、保存後も良好な風味を保っていたのに対し、対照のトコフェロール製剤で被覆されたシシャモは、若干酸化臭を有していた。特に、実施例1の酸化防止剤組成物で被覆されたシシャモは、保存前と同等の良好な風味を保っていた。
【0033】
実施例6
豚挽肉500gに食塩9.6g、砂糖2g、砕氷80g及び適当量の香辛料を加え塩漬後、実施例3で得られた酸化防止剤組成物を1g添加し、よく混和し羊腸に充填後、加熱殺菌してソーセージを得た。尚、対照には、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を添加せずに実施例3の酸化防止剤組成物の調製と同様な方法で得られたトコフェロール製剤を使用した。
得られたソーセージを4℃で20日間保存後、基準油脂分析試験法に則り過酸化物価(POV)を測定した。
その結果、対照のトコフェロール製剤を添加したソーセージの過酸化物価は、保存前が7.9meq/kgで保存後が20.8meq/kgであったのに対し、酸化防止剤組成物を添加したソーセージは、保存前が7.7meq/kgで保存後が9.6meq/kgと過酸化物価の上昇が抑えられていた。
【0034】
実施例7
実施例4で得られた酸化防止剤組成物を含め下記配合にて原料を混合し、10℃で1時間冷却後、整形し、180℃で14分間焙焼してクッキーを製造した。尚、対照として、粉末状トコフェロール(理研ビタミン(株)製、商品名「理研ドライEミックス−20」)を使用した。
得られたクッキーをポリエチレン袋に入れ、35℃で1ヵ月間保存後、試食した。
その結果、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を含有した酸化防止剤組成物を用いたクッキーは、保存後も良好な風味を有していたのに対し、対照の粉末状トコフェロールを用いたクッキーは、若干酸化臭を有していた。
バター 140 g
ショートニング 140 g
ブラウンシュガー 100 g
グラニュー糖 70 g
全卵 120 g
薄力粉 310 g
炭酸水素ナトリウム 2.2g
食塩 2.5g
酸化防止剤組成物 2 g
【0035】
実施例8
▲1▼脱脂卵黄の調製
鶏卵を割卵し、卵白液から分離して得られた卵黄液10kgを、噴霧乾燥法により水分を除去し乾燥卵黄4.8kgを得た。この乾燥卵黄4kgに98%エタノール20L(リットル)を加え、30℃で30分間攪拌後濾過により卵黄脂質を含有したアルコール画分を除去した。さらに、濾過残渣を98%エタノール2Lで2回洗浄・濾過し残渣中の卵黄脂質を除去した。次に、この濾過残渣を減圧下50℃でエタノールを除去して脱脂卵黄1.5kgを得た。尚、この脱脂卵黄は、卵黄脂質を約4%含有していた。
【0036】
▲2▼脱脂卵黄の加水分解物の調製
上記の脱脂卵黄1kgに、1N(規定度)塩酸溶液を3L(リットル)加え、90℃で2時間処理した。次に、4N(規定度)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH5.5に調整後、蛋白質分解酵素(ノボ ノルディックスバイオインダストリー社製、商品名「フレーバーザイムMG」)2gを添加し55℃で4時間処理後、4N(規定度)水酸化ナトリウム水溶液でpH7に調整し、さらに、フレーバーザイムMGを40g添加し、50℃で4時間処理した。次に、この酵素処理液を90℃で30分間加熱処理を行い酵素を失活させ、活性炭2kgで脱色後、濾過し、得られた水溶液を電気透析で脱塩し凍結乾燥して、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物(平均分子量約400)を得た。尚、得られた加水分解物は、風味のよいものであった。
【0037】
▲2▼食品の製造
上記の脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を含め下記配合にて原料を混合し、180℃で20分間焼き、スポンジケーキを製造した。尚、対照には脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を配合しなかった。得られたスポンジケーキを−20℃で6ヵ月間保存後、試食した。
その結果、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を配合したケーキは、保存後も良好な風味を有していたのに対し、対照は、若干酸化臭を有していた。
全卵 180 g
グラニュー糖 200 g
薄力粉 190 g
レモン汁 30 g
バター 50 g
脱脂卵黄の加水分解物 1 g
(レモン汁中のアスコビン酸の含有量は、13.3mgである)
【0038】
実施例9
実施例4で得られた酸化防止剤組成物を含め下記配合にて原料を混合し、鶏用の飼料を調製した。尚、対照には、粉末状トコフェロール(理研ビタミン(株)製、商品名「理研ドライEミックス−20」)を使用した。
得られた飼料を35℃で1ヵ月間保存後、風味試験を行った。
その結果、酸化防止剤組成物を配合した飼料は、保存前後で風味に殆ど差がみられなかったのに対し、対照は酸化臭を有していた。
トウモロコシ 730 g
ルーサンミール 30 g
大豆ミール 130 g
魚粉 60 g
炭酸カルシウム 70 g
食塩 2 g
酸化防止剤組成物 1 g
【0039】
【試験例】
試験例1
試験方法
▲1▼測定試料の調製
50mL(ミリリットル)容サンプル瓶に、56mg/mL濃度のリノール酸のエタノール溶液2.5mL、表1に示す量の脱脂卵黄の加水分解物及び/又は抗酸化剤とpH7の0.1M(モル濃度)クエン酸−0.1Mリン酸緩衝液及びエタノール濃度が20容量%となるようにエタノールを加えて、全量25mLの測定試料を調製した。尚、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物は実施例1で得られたものを用いた。
▲2▼上記の各測定試料を35℃で保存し、経時的にロダン鉄法にて過酸化物価(POV)測定した。
すなわち、測定液0.1mLに75%含水エタノール4.7mL、30%ロダンアンモニウム0.1mL及び0.02M塩化第一鉄/3.5%塩酸0.1mLを加え、正確に3分後、500nmの吸光度を測定し、測定液の代わりに精製水を用いた時の吸光度をブランクとして、その差が0.3以上となるまでの日数を誘導期間として、各測定試料の酸化防止力を比較した。
【0040】
【表1】

Figure 0004039713
【0041】
表1より、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と抗酸化剤を同時に添加した(試料No.4、6、8、10及び12)場合は、抗酸化剤単独よりも何れも酸化防止力が増しており、特に、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物とトコフェロール(試料No.4)又はアスコルビン酸類(試料No.6及び8)の場合は、他の抗酸化剤より誘導日数が著しく増加し、酸化防止力が増強されていることが理解される。
【0042】
試験例2
試験方法
測定試料中の蛋白質加水分解物及びトコフェロールの濃度をそれぞれ30μg/mL及び4μg/mLとし、試験例1の方法に準じ各測定資料の酸化防止力を比較した。
【0043】
【表2】
Figure 0004039713
【0044】
表2より、他の蛋白質加水分解物よりも脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を使用した酸化防止剤組成物(試料No.14〜19)のほうが、誘導時間が長く、酸化防止力が優れていることが理解される。また、脱脂卵黄の加水分解物のうち、平均分子量が200〜1000のもの(試料No.15〜17及び19)を使用した酸化防止剤組成物は、さらに誘導時間が長くなり、酸化防止力が優れていることが理解される。
【0045】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明により脱脂卵黄の加水分解物を利用した酸化防止に優れた新規な酸化防止剤組成物及びこの酸化防止剤組成物を含有した酸化安定性に優れた食品又は飼料が提供され、脱脂卵黄の用途を拡大するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an antioxidant composition, and more specifically, an antioxidant composition for improving antioxidant power, comprising a hydrolyzate of defatted egg yolk and an antioxidant, and a food containing the same Or it relates to feed.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, etc., which are highly unsaturated fatty acids, have epidemiological effects in reducing antithrombotic activity and serum cholesterol levels, so they have been incorporated into many foods and feeds. It was.
[0003]
However, foods or feeds containing such highly unsaturated fatty acids may be deteriorated in product quality due to deterioration of flavor, generation of oxidative odor, etc. when the storage condition is poor and the fatty acids are oxidized over time. It is a problem.
[0004]
Therefore, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid salt, ascorbic acid ester, various protein hydrolysates, and antioxidant compositions combining these have been used for the purpose of preventing such oxidation.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, conventional antioxidant compositions are not sufficiently effective, and more effective antioxidant compositions are desired.
An object of the present invention is to provide a novel antioxidant composition that is more excellent in antioxidant effect than conventional antioxidant compositions.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention comprises (1) an antioxidant composition comprising a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate having an average molecular weight of 200 to 1000 and an antioxidant, and (2) an antioxidant comprising tocopherol and ascorbic acid. An antioxidant composition according to (1), (3) (1) or (2), wherein the antioxidant composition is a combination of one or more of ascorbate and ascorbate. Provided is a food containing, and a feed containing the antioxidant composition according to (4), (1) or (2).
[0007]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below. In the present invention, “%” means “% by weight”.
In the present invention, “defatted egg yolk” refers to a material obtained by removing egg yolk lipid from egg yolk, and the egg yolk liquid obtained by splitting a normal egg (typically a chicken egg) into a split egg is once dried and dried. Egg yolk lipids (mainly triglycerides, cholesterol and phospholipids) were extracted by allowing alcohol (90 to 99% hydrous alcohol) to act on the yolk, and containing the yolk lipid by filtration. After removing the alcohol fraction, the filtration residue is dried. The defatted egg yolk includes those in which several tens of percent yolk lipid remains in the egg yolk protein.
[0008]
In the present invention, the “delipidated egg yolk hydrolyzate” refers to a product obtained by hydrolyzing the above-described delipidated egg yolk in combination of one or more methods such as acid, alkali, and enzyme.
In particular, among the hydrolysates obtained by these methods, the hydrolyzate having an average molecular weight of 200 to 1000 is combined with an antioxidant described later, so that the antioxidant composition of the present invention has a more antioxidant effect. Playing is desirable.
Furthermore, the hydrolyzate obtained by using acid hydrolysis alone or in combination with other hydrolysis methods has a good taste and is desirable.
[0009]
In addition, the “antioxidant” refers to a substance having an antioxidant power by itself, such as α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol or a mixture thereof, tocopherol, sodium ascorbate, etc. Ascorbate, ascorbic acid palmitic acid ester or ascorbic acid stearic acid ester or the like ascorbic acid ester, ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, egg white or soy protein hydrolyzate, gallic acid, gallic acid ester such as propyl gallate, Examples thereof include polybasic organic acids such as citric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, fumaric acid or malic acid.
Among these antioxidants, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbate and ascorbic acid ester are preferable in combination with a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate, as compared with other antioxidants, as compared with other antioxidants.
[0010]
The phrase “contains a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate and an antioxidant” is sufficient if the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate and the antioxidant are contained in any state. For example, a powdered antioxidant mixed with defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate, an antioxidant solution or emulsion in which defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate is dispersed or dissolved, and the dispersion Or the thing of the state which dried the solution and was made into the powder form is mention | raise | lifted.
[0011]
In addition, the “food or feed comprising the antioxidant composition” refers to a state in which the food or feed contains an antioxidant and a hydrolyzed product of defatted egg yolk as a result, and such a state is obtained. As a method, a method of adding an antioxidant composition containing an antioxidant and a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate to foods, a method of separately adding an antioxidant and a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate to foods, etc. Can be given.
[0012]
“Food” means, for example, Japanese confectionery such as rice cakes, rice crackers, rice cakes, buns, rice cakes, cookies, biscuits, crackers, pie, castella, donuts, pudding, sponge cake, waffles, butter cream, custard cream, cream puffs, chocolate, Chocolate confectionery, caramel, candy, queuing gum, jelly, hot cake, bread, confectionery such as bread, snacks such as potato chips, ice cream such as ice cream, popsicle, sherbet, lactic acid beverage, lactic acid bacteria beverage, concentrated milk beverage , Fruit drinks, pulp drinks, functional drinks, soft drinks such as carbonated drinks, green tea, tea, coffee, cocoa and other favorite products and these drinks, fermented milk, processed milk, dairy products such as cheese, soy milk, tofu Soy processed foods such as jams, fruit syrup pickles, flowers Paste such as toast, peanut paste, fruit paste, pickles, ham, sausage, bacon, dry sausage, livestock meat products such as beef jerky, fish meat ham, fish sausage, fish shellfish products such as kamaboko, chikuwa, hampen, fish Dried fish such as shellfish, various sections such as sea bream, sea bream, sea bream, salted sea urchins, squid, etc., dried fish such as sea urchin, fish, sea bream products such as sea bream, paste, small fish, shellfish, wild vegetables, shiitake mushrooms, kelp, etc. Retort food such as boiled potato, curry, stew, miso, soy sauce, sauce, ketchup, mayonnaise, dressing, bouillon, grilled meat sauce, curry roux, stew, soup, dashi stock, various seasonings, cooked rice It refers to foods that require oxidative stability, such as various ranges containing oils and fats, and frozen foods.
[0013]
“Feed” means food for chickens, cattle, pigs, etc. that are raised for food, food for pets such as dogs and cats, food for ornamental fish such as goldfish, salmon, guppy, etc. This means fish food.
[0014]
Although it is not certain for what reason the antioxidant composition of the present invention exhibits a superior antioxidant effect as compared with the conventional product, the anti-oxidant composition has an anti-oxidant composition depending on the amino acid composition of the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate or the sequence of constituent amino acids. It is presumed that the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate promotes the antioxidant effect of the antioxidant by combining with the oxidizing agent.
[0015]
A typical method for producing the antioxidant composition of the present invention will be described below.
A. Preparation of hydrolyzed defatted egg yolk (1) Egg yolk liquid obtained by dividing egg yolk liquid dried eggs (typically chicken eggs) and separating it from egg white liquid, for example, spray drying (spray drying) Dry by the method or freeze-drying method. Although drying is not essential, the extraction and removal of egg yolk lipids in the subsequent process is facilitated by drying.
[0016]
(2) Preparation of defatted egg yolk 5 to 20 parts of alcohol (ethanol concentration of about 90 to 99%, water concentration of about 10 to 1%) is allowed to act on 1 part of dried egg yolk to dissolve the yolk lipid soluble in alcohol (mainly triglycerides) Cholesterol and phospholipids), and the alcohol fraction containing egg yolk lipids is removed by a filtration method such as filter press and squeezing filtration. The filter residue is dried and water and alcohol are evaporated.
[0017]
(3) Preparation of hydrolyzed product of defatted egg yolk The defatted egg yolk is hydrolyzed by acid, alkali, enzyme or the like alone or in combination of two or more methods. An example of these treatment methods is given below.
[0018]
Acid hydrolysis method To 1 part of defatted egg yolk, 5 to 40 parts of 0.5 to 6N (normality) hydrochloric acid or 0.5 to 15N (normality) sulfuric acid is added. Under pressure, it is treated at 50 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, neutralized, filtered, and further desalted as necessary to obtain an aqueous solution of a defatted egg yolk decomposition product.
[0019]
Alkaline hydrolysis method 1 to 1 part of defatted egg yolk is added with 5 to 40 parts of 0.5 to 3N (normality) sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, for example 40 to 100 under normal pressure. It is treated at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes to 8 hours, neutralized, filtered, and further desalted as necessary to obtain an aqueous solution of a defatted egg yolk decomposition product.
[0020]
Enzymatic hydrolysis method Add 10-40 parts of water to 1 part of defatted egg yolk, and add proteolytic enzymes such as papain, pancreatin, etc. to 0.5-20% of defatted egg yolk. The enzyme is treated for 5 to 40 hours at the optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme, and the enzyme is deactivated by heating, followed by filtration to obtain an aqueous solution of a defatted egg yolk decomposition product.
[0021]
Combined use of acid hydrolysis method and enzyme hydrolysis method For 1 part of defatted egg yolk, 5-40 parts of 0.5-6 N (normality) hydrochloric acid, or 0.5-15 N (normality) Sulfuric acid is added and, for example, treated at 50 to 100 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours under normal pressure, and then adjusted to the optimum pH of the proteolytic enzyme, the proteolytic enzyme is 0.1 to 20 with respect to defatted egg yolk. In addition, the enzyme is treated at an optimum temperature for 5 to 40 hours, deactivated by heating, filtered, and desalted as necessary to obtain an aqueous solution of a defatted egg yolk decomposition product.
[0022]
The aqueous solution of the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate obtained by various hydrolysis methods may be dried by a drying method such as freeze drying (freeze drying) or spray drying (spray drying), if desired.
[0023]
B. Preparation of antioxidant composition (1) Preparation of solution-like antioxidant composition A solution obtained by emulsifying an oil-soluble antioxidant such as tocopherol or ascorbic acid ester with emulsifier or dissolving it in hydrous ethanol, or ascorbic acid or the like A hydrolyzate of defatted egg yolk is dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous solution of a water-soluble antioxidant to obtain a solution-like antioxidant composition. If desired, thickeners such as xanthan gum and guar gum and / or other additives may be added.
[0024]
(2) Preparation of Powdered Antioxidant Composition In the preparation of the above-mentioned solution-like antioxidant composition, or powders such as proteins such as casein and / or saccharides such as lactose and dextrin, etc. After adding the excipient used in the above, freeze-drying or spray-drying is performed to obtain a powdery antioxidant composition.
[0025]
As mentioned above, although the representative example of the antioxidant composition of this invention was demonstrated, it cannot be overemphasized that the antioxidant composition of this invention can be manufactured also except these manufacturing methods.
[0026]
Next, the present invention will be described in more detail based on examples and test examples.
【Example】
Example 1
{Circle around (1)} Preparation of defatted egg yolk 10 kg of egg yolk obtained by breaking chicken eggs and separating from egg white liquor was removed by spray drying to obtain 4.8 kg of dried egg yolk. To 4 kg of this dried egg yolk, 20 L (liter) of 95% ethanol was added, stirred at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the alcohol fraction containing egg yolk lipid was removed by filtration. Further, the filtration residue was washed with 2 L of 95% ethanol and filtered to remove egg yolk lipid in the residue. Next, ethanol was removed from the filtration residue at 50 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 1.7 kg of defatted egg yolk. This defatted egg yolk contained about 15% egg yolk lipid.
[0027]
(2) Preparation of hydrolyzate of defatted egg yolk 10 L (liter) of 1.5N (normality) hydrochloric acid solution was added to 1 kg of the above defatted egg yolk and treated at 90 ° C. for 3 hours. Next, after neutralization with 4N (normality) sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, filtration and desalting by electrodialysis, the resulting solution is spray-dried to obtain a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate (average molecular weight of about 500). It was. In addition, the obtained hydrolyzate was a tasty thing.
[0028]
(2) Preparation of antioxidant composition 50 g of the above defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate and 40 g of decaglycerin monooleate (trade name “Poem J-91F” manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.) were dissolved in 800 g of fresh water. Tocopherol (product name “Golden Tocopherol 70” manufactured by Yoshiwara Oil Co., Ltd.) with stirring at 10000 rpm for 30 minutes using a homomixer (made by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd., trade name “TK homomixer”) 60 g was gradually added to obtain an emulsified antioxidant composition.
[0029]
Example 2
After adding 20 L (liter) of water to 1 kg of defatted egg yolk of Example 1 and adjusting to pH 7 with 1N (normality) hydrochloric acid, 100 g of proteolytic enzyme (trade name “actinase AS” manufactured by Kaken Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) is added. After treatment at 50 ° C. for 6 hours, 20 g of another proteolytic enzyme (manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., trade name “Pancreatin F”) was further added, followed by treatment at 40 ° C. for 6 hours. Next, the enzyme-treated solution was heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes to deactivate the enzyme, filtered, and lyophilized to obtain a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate (average molecular weight of about 600). The obtained hydrolyzate was slightly bitter.
Next, it prepared by the method similar to manufacture of the antioxidant composition of Example 1, and obtained the emulsified antioxidant composition.
[0030]
Example 3
50 g hydrolyzate of defatted egg yolk of Example 1, 40 g of decaglyceryl stearate (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd., trade name “Poem J-0081H”) and dextrin (manufactured by Matsutani Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., trade name “Paindex” 1 ”) 100 g was dissolved in 740 g of fresh water, and tocopherol (manufactured by Yoshiwara Oil Co., Ltd.) was stirred for 30 minutes at 10000 rpm using a homomixer (trade name“ TK homomixer ”manufactured by Tokushu Kika Kogyo Co., Ltd.). , 60 g of a trade name “Golden Tocopherol 70”) is gradually added and emulsified. This emulsion was spray-dried to obtain a powdery antioxidant composition.
[0031]
Example 4
100 g of the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate of Example 1 and 20 g of powdered tocopherol (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd., trade name “RIKEN DRY E MIX-20”) are uniformly mixed to form a powdered antioxidant composition Got.
[0032]
Example 5
The emulsion antioxidant composition obtained in Example 1 and Example 2 was dipped in 0.1% salt water to which 1% was added, respectively, and the dried shishamo was soaked for 15 minutes, drained, and antioxidant. A round dried shishamo coated with the composition was obtained. In addition, the tocopherol formulation obtained by the method similar to preparation of the antioxidant composition of Example 1 without using the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate was used as a control.
The obtained round dried shishamo was stored at -20 ° C for 5 months, then baked and sampled.
As a result, the shishamo coated with the antioxidant composition containing the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate of Example 1 and Example 2 maintained a good flavor after storage, whereas the control tocopherol formulation The shishamo coated with had a slight oxidation odor. In particular, the shishamo covered with the antioxidant composition of Example 1 maintained the same good flavor as before storage.
[0033]
Example 6
Add 9.6 g of salt, 2 g of sugar, 80 g of crushed ice and a suitable amount of spice to 500 g of minced pork, salt it, add 1 g of the antioxidant composition obtained in Example 3, mix well, fill the sheep intestine, and heat. The sausage was obtained by sterilization. In addition, the tocopherol formulation obtained by the method similar to preparation of the antioxidant composition of Example 3 without adding the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate was used as a control.
The obtained sausage was stored at 4 ° C. for 20 days, and then the peroxide value (POV) was measured according to the standard fat analysis method.
As a result, the peroxide value of the sausage to which the control tocopherol preparation was added was 7.9 meq / kg before storage and 20.8 meq / kg after storage, whereas the sausage to which the antioxidant composition was added Was 7.7 meq / kg before storage and 9.6 meq / kg after storage, and the increase in the peroxide value was suppressed.
[0034]
Example 7
Ingredients including the antioxidant composition obtained in Example 4 were mixed in the following composition, cooled at 10 ° C. for 1 hour, shaped, and baked at 180 ° C. for 14 minutes to produce cookies. As a control, powdered tocopherol (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd., trade name “RIKEN DRY E MIX-20”) was used.
The obtained cookies were put in a polyethylene bag, stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, and then sampled.
As a result, the cookie using the antioxidant composition containing the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate had a good flavor after storage, while the cookie using the control powdered tocopherol was slightly It had an oxidative odor.
140 g butter
Shortening 140 g
100g brown sugar
Granulated sugar 70 g
Whole egg 120 g
Soft flour 310 g
Sodium bicarbonate 2.2g
2.5g of salt
Antioxidant composition 2 g
[0035]
Example 8
{Circle around (1)} Preparation of defatted egg yolk 10 kg of egg yolk obtained by breaking chicken eggs and separating from egg white liquor was removed by spray drying to obtain 4.8 kg of dried egg yolk. To 4 kg of this dried egg yolk, 20 L (liter) of 98% ethanol was added, stirred at 30 ° C. for 30 minutes, and then the alcohol fraction containing egg yolk lipid was removed by filtration. Further, the filtration residue was washed twice with 2 L of 98% ethanol and filtered to remove egg yolk lipids in the residue. Next, ethanol was removed from the filtration residue at 50 ° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 1.5 kg of defatted egg yolk. This defatted egg yolk contained about 4% egg yolk lipid.
[0036]
(2) Preparation of hydrolyzate of defatted egg yolk 1 L (normality) hydrochloric acid solution was added to 1 kg of the above defatted egg yolk and treated at 90 ° C. for 2 hours. Next, after adjusting the pH to 5.5 with 4N (normality) sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 2 g of proteolytic enzyme (manufactured by Novo Nordix Bioindustry, trade name “Flavorzyme MG”) is added and treated at 55 ° C. for 4 hours. Thereafter, the pH was adjusted to 7 with a 4N (normality) aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and 40 g of flavorzyme MG was further added, followed by treatment at 50 ° C. for 4 hours. Next, this enzyme-treated solution is heated at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes to deactivate the enzyme, decolorized with 2 kg of activated carbon, filtered, and the resulting aqueous solution is desalted by electrodialysis and lyophilized to obtain defatted egg yolk. To obtain a hydrolyzate (average molecular weight of about 400). In addition, the obtained hydrolyzate was a tasty thing.
[0037]
{Circle around (2)} Production of Food Ingredients including the above-mentioned defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate were mixed in the following composition and baked at 180 ° C. for 20 minutes to produce a sponge cake. In addition, a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate was not added to the control. The obtained sponge cake was stored at −20 ° C. for 6 months and then sampled.
As a result, the cake containing the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate had a good flavor even after storage, whereas the control had a slight oxidation odor.
Whole egg 180 g
Granulated sugar 200 g
Soft flour 190 g
Lemon juice 30 g
50 g butter
Dehydrated egg yolk hydrolyzate 1 g
(The content of ascobic acid in lemon juice is 13.3 mg)
[0038]
Example 9
Ingredients were mixed in the following composition including the antioxidant composition obtained in Example 4 to prepare chicken feed. As a control, powdered tocopherol (manufactured by Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd., trade name “RIKEN Dry Emix-20”) was used.
After the obtained feed was stored at 35 ° C. for 1 month, a flavor test was conducted.
As a result, the feed containing the antioxidant composition showed almost no difference in flavor before and after storage, whereas the control had an oxidized odor.
730 g of corn
Rusanmeal 30 g
Soybean meal 130 g
60 g fishmeal
Calcium carbonate 70 g
2 g of salt
Antioxidant composition 1 g
[0039]
[Test example]
Test example 1
Test method (1) Preparation of measurement sample In a 50 mL (milliliter) sample bottle, 2.5 mL of ethanol solution of linoleic acid at a concentration of 56 mg / mL, hydrolyzate and / or antioxidant of defatted egg yolk in the amounts shown in Table 1 And 0.1M (molar concentration) citrate-0.1M phosphate buffer solution of pH 7 and ethanol were added so that the ethanol concentration was 20% by volume to prepare a total measurement sample of 25 mL. In addition, what was obtained in Example 1 was used for the hydrolyzate of defatted egg yolk.
{Circle around (2)} Each of the above measurement samples was stored at 35 ° C. and the peroxide value (POV) was measured over time by the rhodan iron method.
That is, 4.7 mL of 75% aqueous ethanol, 0.1 mL of 30% rhodanonium ammonium and 0.1 mL of 0.02M ferrous chloride / 3.5% hydrochloric acid were added to 0.1 mL of the measurement solution, and after 3 minutes, 500 nm The absorbance when using purified water instead of the measurement solution was used as a blank, and the antioxidant power of each measurement sample was compared using the number of days until the difference was 0.3 or more as the induction period. .
[0040]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004039713
[0041]
From Table 1, when the defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate and the antioxidant were added at the same time (sample Nos. 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12), the antioxidant power was higher than the antioxidant alone. In particular, in the case of defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate and tocopherol (sample No. 4) or ascorbic acids (samples No. 6 and 8), the number of days of induction is significantly increased compared to other antioxidants, and the antioxidant power is enhanced. It is understood that
[0042]
Test example 2
Test Method The concentration of protein hydrolyzate and tocopherol in the measurement sample was set to 30 μg / mL and 4 μg / mL, respectively, and the antioxidant power of each measurement data was compared according to the method of Test Example 1.
[0043]
[Table 2]
Figure 0004039713
[0044]
From Table 2, the antioxidant composition (sample Nos. 14 to 19) using a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate is longer in induction time and superior in antioxidant power than other protein hydrolysates. Is understood. In addition, among the defatted egg yolk hydrolysates, the antioxidant compositions using those having an average molecular weight of 200 to 1000 (sample Nos. 15 to 17 and 19) have a longer induction time and have an antioxidant power. It is understood that it is excellent.
[0045]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, there is provided a novel antioxidant composition excellent in antioxidants utilizing a defatted egg yolk hydrolyzate, and a food or feed excellent in oxidation stability containing the antioxidant composition. Provided to expand the use of defatted egg yolk.

Claims (4)

平均分子量が200〜1000である脱脂卵黄の加水分解物と抗酸化剤とを含有してなることを特徴とする酸化防止剤組成物。  An antioxidant composition comprising a hydrolyzed product of defatted egg yolk having an average molecular weight of 200 to 1,000 and an antioxidant. 抗酸化剤がトコフェロール、アスコルビン酸、アスコルビン酸塩、アスコルビン酸エステルのうちの1種又は2種以上を組み合わせてなる請求項1記載の酸化防止剤組成物。  The antioxidant composition according to claim 1, wherein the antioxidant is a combination of one or more of tocopherol, ascorbic acid, ascorbate, and ascorbate. 請求項1または2記載の酸化防止剤組成物を含有してなる食品。  A food comprising the antioxidant composition according to claim 1 or 2. 請求項1または2記載の酸化防止剤組成物を含有してなる飼料。  A feed comprising the antioxidant composition according to claim 1 or 2.
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