JP4033391B2 - Anchor block, underwater structure, installation method of underwater structure - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an anchor block for fixing an underwater structure installed in a river or the like.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to prevent the shoreline from being eroded by a water flow such as a river, a structure may be installed in the water to weaken the water flow. For example, wood and concrete pillars are assembled and installed near the river shore.
[0003]
FIG. 10 shows an example of such an underwater structure, which is called a holy cow. The sacred cows are made of wood (thinned wood, etc.) with triangular large, medium, and small joints, and the bundling parts of these joints are supported from behind by building materials and girders. When viewed, this is a triangular pyramid-shaped columnar structure with the bottom facing the upstream side and the apex facing the downstream side. The holy cow has a so-called gabion filled with stones on a net formed of a thick wire, and this is used as a weight to fix the holy cow to the shore to prevent its loss. If a plurality of such underwater structures are arranged along the shore, the energy of running water in the river is reduced, and the effect of reducing erosion of debris on the shore and the riverbed can be obtained.
[0004]
Japanese Patent No. 260818 describes an invention in which a triangular frame is fixed to a shore using a futon padded with stones as a weight to prevent erosion of the shore.
[0005]
[Patent Document 1]
Patent 260818 [Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, the revetment method using the underwater structure as described above requires skilled technicians to manually fill the gabions (or futon jars) with stones and knit the jars on site. Take it.
[0006]
Moreover, driftwood and garbage flowing due to water increase and the like are caught on the gabion (or futon), which is not preferable in view of the landscape, and the resistance of the underwater structure to the water flow increases, which may cause the underwater structure to be lost.
[0007]
Furthermore, when the underwater structure is made of wood and stone is used as the weight, it is preferable for river construction in consideration of “environment” such as so-called underwater creatures and landscapes. It will be necessary to replace the underwater structure and the gabion due to the corrosion of the iron wire used for binding the wire and the corrosion of the wire such as the gabion. It is desirable that re-construction at this time is easy and low in cost.
[0008]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an anchor block for an underwater structure that requires relatively simple construction work and a short construction period.
[0009]
Moreover, an object of this invention is to provide the construction method of the underwater structure using this anchor block.
[0010]
It is another object of the present invention to provide an anchor block that is difficult to catch driftwood or dust.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, an anchor block according to the present invention is an anchor block used for preventing movement of an underwater structure provided in water. An anchor plate to be disposed inside, an anchor bolt provided with an attachment portion for attaching the underwater structure, and an anchor bolt attached to the anchor plate; and the anchor plate and the frame block filled in the frame block And a plurality of buried members that are buried in between.
[0012]
By adopting such a configuration, for example, unlike a structure in which a heavy object such as a gabion is placed on an underwater structure such as “Holy Cow”, a structure for supporting and fixing the underwater structure from below is obtained. This makes it easy to install the underwater structure. It is also possible to exchange the underwater structure without removing heavy objects. In addition, the anchor including the anchor plate and the anchor bolt can be exchanged, which is good.
[0013]
Further, when flowing water acts on the underwater structure, an upward force is generated on the anchor. At this time, the weight of the buried member existing on the anchor plate becomes a load and resists the upward force. Further, due to the frictional resistance between the inner wall of the frame block and the embedded member, the weight of the frame block also becomes a force that resists the upward force. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the underwater structure from being lost. For example, the frame block has a weight of about 2 t and the embedded member has a weight of about 2 tons, but various shapes and weights can be manufactured, and the weight is not limited to this.
[0014]
Moreover, since the attachment part is provided in the anchor, it is easy to fix and unlock the underwater structure. Further, the anchor can be easily replaced by removing the embedded member from the frame block. Therefore, underwater structures using materials that deteriorate or corrode such as logs and iron materials, and corroded anchors such as iron plates, the condition for replacement work, construction period, construction cost etc. Good.
[0015]
An underwater structure is a thing which reduces the energy of a water flow, for example, can be formed using a timber, a steel frame, a concrete pillar, etc. The underwater structure includes the “holy beef” that combines the previously described logs (thinned wood).
[0016]
The frame block is made of, for example, concrete and can be used for a long time.
[0017]
Preferably, the inner wall of the frame block is inclined so that the inner diameter of the frame block gradually increases from the upper side to the lower side. That is, an inclined surface (tapered surface) is formed on the inner wall surface of the frame block so as to prevent the anchor from moving upward. The inclined surface may be formed on a part of the inner wall surface.
[0018]
By adopting such a configuration, when the anchor is raised and the embedded member hits the inclined surface, a force that causes the embedded member existing on the outer peripheral side on the anchor plate to move toward the center of the frame block acts due to the drag from the inclined surface. Each embedded member on the anchor plate is in close contact (or connected) and acts like a single plate bridged between the inner wall surfaces of the frame block to prevent the anchor from rising. Thereby, the total weight of the embedded member and the frame block acts to prevent the movement of the underwater structure connected to the anchor.
[0019]
By making the size of the anchor plate smaller than the opening of the frame block, the anchor can be easily taken out from the frame block. Further, the force to move the anchor upward by making the gap between the outer circumference of the anchor plate and the inner wall surface of the frame block smaller than the size of the embedded member existing on the outer circumference side of the anchor plate. Prevents the embedded member from dropping out from the gap between the outer periphery of the anchor plate and the inner wall surface of the frame block.
[0020]
The embedding member includes, for example, stone materials such as cobblestones, riverbed stones, bricks, and cement molded products. By using such an object as an embedding material, it is possible to provide an environment in which aquatic organisms are liable to live. Further, since the embedded member can be easily removed from the frame block, the anchor can be taken out and replaced. In addition, earth and sand can also be used as an embedding member.
[0021]
Preferably, the outer wall of the frame block is shaped so as to be engageable with the outer wall of another frame block, and the frame block can be arranged so that it is difficult for the river block or shore to flow.
[0022]
Moreover, attachment and removal of the underwater structure can be facilitated by attaching the underwater structure to the anchor bolt attachment portion via a chain, a wire, a wire, or the like.
[0023]
Further, the anchor block of the present invention is an anchor block used for preventing the movement of the underwater structure provided in the water so that it penetrates in the vertical direction and its inner diameter gradually increases from the top to the bottom. A hollow frame block having an opening in which at least a part of the inner wall is inclined, and a mounting portion for mounting the underwater structure, and a plurality of embedded members arranged inside the frame block And an anchor to be filled with. Thereby, the effects as described above can be obtained.
[0024]
Moreover, since the underwater structure of this invention is attached to the anchor block mentioned above, installation and replacement | exchange are easy.
[0025]
The underwater structure installation method of the present invention includes a step of arranging a plurality of frame blocks opened in the vertical direction at predetermined positions, a step of installing anchors having attachment portions in each frame block, and each frame. A step of embedding the body block with an embedding member, a step of assembling the underwater structure, and a step of fixing the underwater structure using the attachment portion of the anchor.
[0026]
With this configuration, the underwater structure is assembled after the anchor and the block are arranged in advance, so that the installation of the underwater structure is facilitated. Moreover, since each frame block, an embedded member, and an anchor can be separately conveyed and assembled on site, the condition is good. Here, the “predetermined position” where the frame block is arranged includes a riverbed, a riverbank, a coast, a riverbank, and the like.
[0027]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0028]
1 and 2 show an example of an anchor block according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the anchor block as viewed obliquely from above. 2A is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the AA direction of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view showing a cross section in the BB direction of FIG.
[0029]
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the anchor block 1 includes a frame body block 11 and an anchor 2. The frame block 11 has a generally “b” shape. The center part of the upper and lower surfaces penetrates, and as shown in FIG. 2, the opening diameter of the opening part on the upper surface is formed narrower than the opening diameter of the opening part on the lower surface. Thereby, the inner wall surface of the frame block is an inclined surface (tapered surface) whose opening diameter increases from the upper side to the lower side. In addition, as long as required engagement is obtained with a buried member described later, a part of the inner wall surface on the inner peripheral side of the frame block may be an inclined surface. Moreover, when required friction is obtained between the embedded members, a vertical wall surface without inclination may be used. Concavities and convexities are formed on the outer periphery of the frame block 11. As will be described later, block arrangements that are less likely to be washed away are made possible by engaging the frame blocks using the irregularities. The frame block 11 is made of concrete and has a required weight, water resistance and durability.
[0030]
The anchor 2 includes an anchor plate 21 and anchor bolts 22. The anchor bolt 22 is a metal rod, for example, an iron or stainless steel rod. A screw groove is formed at the lower end of the anchor bolt 22 and is inserted into a through hole formed at the center of the anchor plate 21, and fastened by two nuts attached to both sides of the anchor plate 21. On the upper end portion side of the anchor bolt 22, for example, an annular attachment portion 23 formed by bending and welding a bar is formed.
[0031]
As shown in FIG. 2, since the upper opening diameter of the frame block 11 is larger than the outer shape of the anchor plate 21, the anchor 2 can be arranged in the frame block 11 after the frame block 11 is installed on the river bed or the like. it can.
[0032]
FIG. 3 shows a state in which the inside of the frame block 11 is filled with the burying member 3. In FIG. 3, parts corresponding to those in FIG.
[0033]
The embedded member 3 embeds a space surrounded by the frame block 11 and the anchor plate 21. The buried member 3 is preferably a stone material such as a cobblestone, a riverbed stone, or a crushed stone, but may be a brick, a cement molded product, or the like. When natural stone is used, the gap between the buried members 3 provides a habitat for aquatic organisms. As for the size of the embedded member 3 on the anchor plate 21, it is desirable to use a material that is larger than the gap α between the outer peripheral portion (outer edge portion) of the anchor plate 21 and the inner wall of the frame block 11. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the embedded member 3 from dropping downwardly when the anchor 2 is lifted. The embedded member 3 is a heavy object that prevents the anchor plate 21 from moving. For example, the embedded member 3 is filled in a 2t cement frame block 11 by about 2t.
[0034]
As described above, when the anchor 2 is lifted by a water flow acting on the underwater structure 4, the anchor 2 is caused by the weight of the embedded member 3, the friction between the embedded member 3 and the inner wall of the frame block 11, and the engagement by the inclined surface. In addition, the total weight of the embedded member 3 and the frame block 11 is added to act so as to prevent the movement of the buried member 3 and the underwater structure 4 is prevented from being lost.
[0035]
4 to 6 show the procedure for assembling the anchor block. Anchor blocks can be assembled at the construction site.
[0036]
First, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the anchor 2 is assembled. The anchor 2 is constituted by, for example, an anchor plate 21, an anchor bolt 22, and a nut 24. The anchor plate 21 is a metal plate, for example, an iron plate, and a through hole is formed in the center thereof. The threaded portion of the anchor bolt 22 through which the nut 24 is passed through the through hole is inserted from one surface side of the anchor plate 21, and another nut 24 is attached to the threaded portion on the other surface side of the anchor plate 21 so that the anchor plate is attached from both sides. Tighten and fix to pinch. In addition, even if an anchor wire (steel wire), a wire, or the like is used in place of the anchor bolt 22, the same role can be played, and it is equivalent to the anchor bolt 22.
[0037]
Further, as shown in FIGS. 4C and 7, for example, the frame block 11 manufactured as a concrete molded product is disposed in a predetermined place such as a river bed, a shore, a riverbank, and a coast. In order to prevent the frame block 11 from being moved by running water, or to prevent the arrangement of the installed frame block 11 from being displaced, the concave and convex shapes formed on the outer periphery of the frame block 11 are engaged with each other (or engaged). To be arranged). In addition, if necessary, a base member is provided at an arrangement place or a base work is performed.
[0038]
As shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 8, the anchor 2 is arranged in the opening of each installed frame block 11. The frame block 11 has a shape with a through-hole formed at the center, and in this example, the frame 2 is arranged so that the anchor 2 is located at the center of the bottom of the opening (on the riverbed or the base member).
[0039]
As shown in FIG. 5B, the embedded member 3 is disposed immediately above the anchor plate 21 of the anchor 2. The embedded member 3 is disposed so that adjacent embedded members are in contact with each other, and is disposed so as to be connected between the inner walls of the opening of the frame block 11. Further, the embedded member 3 larger than the gap α between the inner walls of the opening of the anchor plate 21 and the frame block 11 is disposed at least on the outer peripheral side of the anchor plate 21. Thereby, the embedded member 3 is prevented from falling off from the gap α. As described above, the buried member 3 includes stone materials such as cobblestones and riverbed stones available on site. Moreover, a crushed stone may be sufficient. In places where it is difficult to obtain stones such as sandy beaches, processed cement products such as ball-shaped cement molded products, bricks, etc. can be used.
[0040]
As shown in FIG. 5 (c) and 8, to bury the inside of the opening portion of the frame block 11 by embedded member 3. For example, the weight of the frame block 11 is about 2 t, the total weight of the embedded member 3 used is about 2 t, and the weight of the underwater structure is about 4 t, and the required weight can be secured as the anchor block 1. . In addition, the magnitude | size and weight of the anchor block 1 are selected suitably.
[0041]
Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the underwater structure 4 is assembled on each arranged anchor block. FIG. 9A is a plan view illustrating the assembled underwater structure, and FIG. 9B is a front view thereof.
[0042]
As shown in the figure, since the anchor block 1 as a weight is arranged in a plane on the river bed, it is possible to reduce the fact that driftwood and dust are caught on the anchor block 1. Moreover, since the anchor blocks 1 are combined with each other, it is difficult for them to flow out. Moreover, since each structural member of the underwater structure 4 is fixed to the anchor block 1, it is difficult to be washed away.
[0043]
The underwater structure 4 is preferably a “holy cow” in which logs (wood) are combined, but is not limited thereto. For example, a structure such as a concrete pillar, a metal pillar, or a plastic pillar may be used.
[0044]
As shown in FIG. 6, attachment of the member 31 of the underwater structure 4 to the anchor block 1 is performed by connecting the attachment portion 23 of each anchor and each member 31 of the underwater structure 4 such as a chain, wire, wire, or the like. This can be done by connecting by 32. Therefore, it is not necessary to precisely make the underwater structure 4 according to the underlying anchor block group, and precise assembly is not required. This facilitates field work and is good.
[0045]
On the other hand, when the underwater structure 4 deteriorated due to corrosion or the like is replaced, the underwater structure 4 can be replaced by removing the connecting member 32. Further, the anchor 2 can be exchanged by removing the embedded member 3 such as stone from the frame block 11. Therefore, even when the anchor 2 is made of a metal such as an iron plate, the corroded anchor 2 can be easily replaced. Therefore, large-scale construction is not required for replacement and repair, and the cost of replacement and construction is low and is good.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the anchor block, the underwater structure, and the underwater structure installation method of the present invention, the installation, replacement, and repair of the underwater structure are easy, the construction work is relatively simple, and the construction period Can be shorter.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating an anchor block according to the present invention.
2A is a cross-sectional view in the AA direction of the anchor book shown in FIG. 1. FIG. FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view in the AA direction of the anchor book shown in FIG.
FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view in the AA direction of the anchor book (filled with stones) shown in FIG. (B) is sectional drawing in the AA direction of the anchor book (stone filling state) shown in FIG.
FIGS. 4A to 4C are process diagrams for explaining assembly of an anchor block.
FIGS. 5A to 5C are process diagrams illustrating assembly of an anchor block.
FIG. 6 is a process diagram illustrating assembly of an anchor block.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating an arrangement example of anchor blocks.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view for explaining assembly of the arranged anchor blocks in a state before and after embedding of the embedding material.
FIGS. 9A and 9B are a plan view and a front view for explaining attachment of the underwater structure (holy cow) to the assembled anchor block. FIGS.
FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating an example of an underwater structure (holy cow).
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Anchor block, 2 anchor, 3 buried member, 4 underwater structure

Claims (14)

An anchor block used to prevent movement of an underwater structure provided in water,
A hollow frame block having an opening in the vertical direction ;
A plate having an attachment portion for attaching the underwater structure , and disposed in an opening of the frame block;
A plurality of embedded members that embed the inside of the opening of the frame block ,
In the frame block, at least a part of the inner wall is inclined so that the distance between the inner walls of the opening gradually increases from the top to the bottom ,
The plurality of embedding members are anchor blocks arranged to be connected between inner walls of the opening of the frame block to embed the plate . The size of the plate is smaller than the opening of the frame block, and the gap between the outer periphery of the plate and the inner wall surface of the frame block is at least smaller than the size of the embedded member existing on the plate. Item 2. The anchor block according to item 1. The anchor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein when the attachment portion is pulled up, the embedded member on the plate abuts against an inner wall of the frame block to prevent relative movement between the frame block and the plate. block.   The anchor block according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the frame block is made of concrete. The anchor block according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the attachment portion is fixed to the plate via a member. The anchor block according to claim 5, wherein the member is any one of a bolt, a metal bar, a steel wire, and a wire.   The anchor block according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the embedded member includes stones such as cobblestones, riverbed stones, and crushed stones, bricks, and cement molded products.   The anchor block according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein an outer wall of the frame block has a shape that can be engaged with an outer wall of another frame block. The anchor block according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the underwater structure is attached to the attachment portion via any one of a chain, a wire, and a wire. Wood or concrete underwater structure is attached to the anchor block according to any one of claims 1 to 9. A block arranging step of arranging a plurality of frame blocks having openings in the vertical direction at predetermined positions;
A plate placing step of placing a plate having a mounting portion to Kakuwakutai the opening of the block,
A plate embedding step of embedding the inside of the opening of each frame block with a plurality of embedding members;
An underwater structure assembly process for assembling the underwater structure;
An attachment step of fixing the underwater structure using the attachment portion of the plate ;
For installation of underwater structures including Installation of the inner peripheral side of at least a part of said embedded upward in water structure according move to claim 1 1, the inclined surface is formed that prevents the members of said frame body block. In the plate arranging step, the plate is arranged at the bottom in the opening of the frame block,
The plate embedding step is to place the embedded member on a plate disposed in said opening so as to articulate between an inner wall surface of the frame body block, of the underwater structure according to claim 1 1 or 1 2 Installation method. The embedded member may boulder, riverbed stone, stone crushed stone, etc., brick, installation method of the underwater structure according to any one of claims 1 1 to 1 3 including cement moldings.

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