JP4017246B2 - Aluminum material painting method, painting equipment and painting pretreatment equipment - Google Patents
Aluminum material painting method, painting equipment and painting pretreatment equipment Download PDFInfo
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【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、アルミニウム材（アルミニウム合金材を含む）に水性塗料を塗布する際のアルミニウム材の塗装方法、塗装装置及び塗装前処理装置に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
一般に、缶蓋材、建材などに適用されるアルミニウム材の塗装は、巻戻し機、塗装装置、焼付け炉、巻取り機をこの順序に配置するライン構成により実施されている。このラインには、必要に応じて、塗装下地処理または表面処理を行うための塗装前処理装置を塗装装置の前に配置して連続塗装ラインを構成したり、焼付け炉と巻取り機との間にワックス塗布装置を組込む場合もある。通常、巻戻し機と塗装前処理装置の間、および焼付け炉と巻取り機の間には緩衝装置が配設される。
【０００３】
連続塗装ラインは、アルミニウム材のコイルを短時間で通板して塗装前処理および塗装を行うものであるが、アルミニウム材に水性塗料を塗布する場合、塗膜に膨れが発生し、外観異常や塗膜性能不良が生じるという問題点がある。塗膜の膨れは、塗膜重量が例えば１００ｍｇ／ｄｍ2 以上のように大きい場合、焼付け時間が短い場合に特に発生し易い。
【０００４】
膨れ現象は、水性塗料がきわめて乾燥し易いため、短時間の焼付け加熱によって塗膜表面のみが乾燥し、塗膜内部の水分が蒸発する際、塗膜の表面下で気体が発生して塗膜が膨れることによって生じるものであり、従来は、水性塗料の乾燥し易さによるものと考えられていた。しかし、その後の検討の結果として、塗膜の膨れは、塗装前のアルミニウム材表面の乾燥状態によっても大きく左右され、塗装前の乾燥状態が不十分であると、残っている水分が塗装焼付け時に気体となって塗膜に膨れを生ぜしめることが見出された。
【０００５】
塗装前処理装置には、前処理後の水洗水を除くための水切り乾燥炉が付随しており、塗装前処理後のアルミニウム材は水洗後、雰囲気温度１００℃程度の乾燥炉内を数秒間で通過するような条件で乾燥が行われるが、アルミニウム材の実体温度は１００℃未満であり、高温度には保持されていない。
【０００６】
水性塗料塗布時の膨れを防ぐために、塗装前処理後のアルミニウム材を、塗装に先立って５０〜２５０℃の温度に加温し、ついでその表面に水性塗料を塗布することが提案されている。（特開平６−７９２３３号公報）この方法は、加温により塗布直後の水性塗料中の水分を、塗膜表面の水分が蒸発するより早く表面に移動させ蒸発させることによって膨れの発生を防ごうとするものである。
【０００７】
しかしながら、上記の温度域にある塗装前処理後のアルミニウム材に水性塗料を塗布した場合には、膨れは防げるものの、塗布された水性塗料による塗膜は乾燥し易いため、その流動性が妨げられ、その結果、塗膜の平滑性が損なわれ易いという別の問題が生じる。
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、アルミニウム材に水性塗料を塗布する場合における上記従来の問題点を解消するために、塗膜の膨れ現象と塗布前のアルミニウム材表面の乾燥状態との関連性についてさらに実験、検討を重ねた結果としてなされたものであり、その目的は、塗膜の膨れを防ぐとともに、平滑性にも優れた塗膜を形成することができるアルミニウム材の塗装方法、塗装装置及び塗装前処理装置を提供することにある。
【０００９】
【課題を解決するための手段】
すなわち、本発明の請求項１によれば、アルミニウム材を塗装前処理後、少なくとも表面の温度が１５０℃以上になるように加熱し、ついで１００℃以下の温度まで冷却した後、前記アルミニウム材の表面に水性塗料を塗布することを特徴とするアルミニウム材の塗装方法が提供される。
【００１０】
本発明の請求項２によれば、請求項１記載のアルミニウム材の塗装方法を実施するための装置であって、少なくとも巻戻し機、塗装装置、焼付け炉、巻取り機をこの順序に配置し、前記巻戻し機と塗装装置との間に加熱装置と冷却装置とをこの順序に設け、アルミニウム材を連続的に塗装するようにしたことを特徴とするアルミニウム材の塗装装置が提供され、請求項３によれば、請求項１記載のアルミニウム材の塗装方法を実施するための装置であって、少なくとも巻戻し機、塗装前処理装置、巻取り機をこの順序に配置し、前記塗装前処理装置と巻取り機との間に加熱装置と冷却装置とをこの順序に設け、アルミニウム材を連続的に塗装前処理するようにしたことを特徴とするアルミニウム材の塗装前処理装置が提供される。
【００１１】
また、本発明の請求項４によれば、請求項１記載のアルミニウム材の塗装方法を実施するための装置であって、少なくとも巻戻し機、塗装前処理装置、塗装装置、焼付け炉、巻取り機をこの順序に配置し、前記塗装前処理装置と塗装装置との間に加熱装置と冷却装置とをこの順序に設け、アルミニウム材を連続的に塗装するようにしたことを特徴とするアルミニウム材の塗装装置が提供される。
【００１２】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において、アルミニウム材の塗装は、例えば、図１に示すようなアルミニウム材の連続塗装ライン１で行われる。このアルミニウム材の連続塗装ライン１の基本構成は、アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金の圧延板などのコイル状アルミニウム材の巻戻し機２と、その巻戻し機２から供給されたアルミニウム材Ｓに水性塗料を塗布する塗装装置３と、塗膜を焼付け硬化させるための焼付け炉４と、塗装焼付け処理後のアルミニウム材Ｓを巻き取る巻取り機５からなる。
【００１３】
巻戻し機２と塗装装置３との間に、本発明の加熱・冷却装置６を介設させる。巻戻し機２から供給されたアルミニウム材Ｓは緩衝装置７を通じて塗装前処理装置８に導入され、リン酸クロメート処理などの前処理を施される。
【００１４】
塗装前処理装置８により前処理されたアルミニウム材Ｓは、加熱・冷却装置６にて加熱乾燥後冷却される。アルミニウム材Ｓは、加熱・冷却装置６の加熱装置６Ａにより、まず、その表面温度（実体温度）が１５０℃以上になるように加熱され、短時間で完全な乾燥状態にされる。上限温度については、特に限定はないが、実用上は、省エネルギーの観点や設備的な面から２５０℃以下とするのが好ましい。
【００１５】
表面温度を１５０℃以上とすることにより、短時間でしかも完全な乾燥状態が得られる。１５０℃より低い温度では乾燥時間が長くなり、完全な乾燥状態が得にくい。加熱方法には限定がないが、赤外線加熱、高周波加熱、誘導加熱、電気、ガス炉などによる加熱が例示される。
【００１６】
アルミニウム材の表面乾燥後、塗布後の水性塗料の流動性を確保するために、冷却装置６Ｂにより１００℃以下の温度（アルミニウム材表面実体温度）まで冷却する。１００℃以下の温度まで冷却しない場合は、水性塗料がすぐに乾燥し流動性が妨げられる。好ましくは、５０℃以下で室温以上、水性塗料の温度と同程度の温度まで冷却するのがよい。１００℃以下の温度への冷却は自然冷却によるのが好ましいが、塗装ラインの構成上、塗装前までに１００℃以下の温度に冷却し難い場合には、空冷などの強制冷却を行う装置を設けてもよい。
【００１７】
上記冷却後のアルミニウム材の表面塗装は、塗装装置３により、エポキシ樹脂系水性塗料、アクリル樹脂系水性塗料、エポキシ−アクリル樹脂系水性塗料等の水性塗料を使用して常法に従って行われる。塗装後のアルミニウム材Ｓは、焼付け炉４内で塗装焼付け処理がなされ、緩衝装置９を経て巻取り機５により巻き取られ製品となる。
【００１８】
上記は、連続塗装ラインを使用してアルミニウム材の塗装までを連続的に行う方法、装置について述べたが、塗装前処理と塗装処理を別のラインで実施することもある。この場合には、巻戻し機２、塗装前処理装置８、加熱・冷却装置６、巻取り機５をこの順序で配置して（図示せず）、塗装前処理ラインを構成し、塗装前処理したアルミニウム材を別のラインで塗装処理する。
【００１９】
本発明においては、塗装前処理後のアルミニウム材表面を１５０℃以上に加熱することにより安定した乾燥表面を得、その後１００℃以下に冷却して水性塗料を塗布することによって、水性塗料の流動性を確保し、膨れが無く且つ平滑性に優れた塗膜を有する塗装アルミニウム材を得ることができる。
【００２０】
【実施例】
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて説明する。
なお、これらの実施例は、本発明の好ましい一実施態様を説明するためのものであり、これによって本発明が制限されるものではない。
【００２１】
実施例１
被塗装材として、アルミニウム合金圧延板（ＪＩＳ Ａ５１８２材、板厚：０．２８５mm）を使用し、塗装前処理としてリン酸クロメート処理を施して、昇温速度２６．８°Ｃ／秒で、板材の表面温度が１５４℃になるまで加熱し、保持時間を無しとして、直ちに板材の表面温度が４０℃になるまで冷却した。ついで、水性塗料としてエポキシ樹脂系塗料を用い、塗膜重量１４３ｍｇ／ｄｍ2 となるように塗装した後、昇温速度１７．５℃／秒（ＰＭＴ＝２００°Ｃ）の条件で焼き付け処理した。その後塗膜外観を目視にて観察し、膨れの有無、塗膜の平滑性を調べた。結果を表１に示す。
【００２２】
実施例２〜７
実施例１と同じアルミニウム合金圧延板を使用し、塗装前処理としてリン酸クロメート処理を施した後、加熱温度とその時の昇温速度、冷却温度、塗膜重量を表１に示すように変え、他の条件は実施例１と全く同一として塗装アルミニウム合金板を得、実施例１と同様に塗膜外観を目視観察した。結果を表１に示す。表１にみられるように、本発明に従う試験材には、膨れが認められず、平滑性にも優れた塗膜が形成された。
【００２３】
【表１】
【００２４】
比較例８〜１３
実施例１と同じアルミニウム合金圧延板を使用し、塗装前処理としてリン酸クロメート処理を施した後、加熱温度とその時の昇温速度、冷却温度、塗膜重量を表２に示すように変え、他の条件は実施例１と全く同一として塗装アルミニウム合金板を得、実施例１と同様に塗膜外観を目視観察した。比較例８〜１２は、加熱温度が本発明の１５０℃以上の条件より低い温度とし、冷却温度は本発明の１００℃以下の条件としたものであり、比較例１３は、加熱温度が１９３℃で本発明に従う１５０℃以上の条件とし、冷却温度は本発明の１００℃以下の条件より高い１５０℃としたものである。結果を表２に示す。
【００２５】
【表２】
【００２６】
表２に示すように、加熱温度が本発明の１５０℃以上の条件より低い温度とした試験材Ｎｏ．８〜１２は、材料表面の乾燥状態が十分でないことに起因して塗膜に膨れが生じた。また、冷却温度を本発明の１００℃以下の条件より高い１５０℃とした試験材Ｎｏ．１３は塗料の流動性がわるいため、塗膜の平滑性が劣っている。
【００２７】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、塗装前処理工程と塗装工程との間で、塗装すべきアルミニウム材を１５０℃以上に加熱しその後１００℃以下に冷却する処理を行うから、常に塗装前の被塗装材表面の乾燥状態を一定にすることが可能となり、外観の優れた水性塗料塗装材を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の装置の一実施形態を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
１ アルミニウム材の連続塗装ライン
２ 巻戻し機
３ 塗装装置
４ 焼付け炉
５ 巻取り機
６ 加熱・冷却装置
6A 加熱装置
6B 冷却装置
７ 緩衝装置
８ 塗装前処理装置
９ 緩衝装置
Ｓ アルミニウム材[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a coating method, a coating apparatus, and a coating pretreatment apparatus for applying an aqueous coating material to an aluminum material (including an aluminum alloy material).
[0002]
[Prior art]
In general, the coating of aluminum materials applied to can lid materials, building materials, and the like is performed by a line configuration in which a rewinding machine, a coating apparatus, a baking furnace, and a winder are arranged in this order. In this line, if necessary, a pre-coating treatment device for coating surface treatment or surface treatment is placed in front of the coating device to form a continuous coating line, or between the baking furnace and winder In some cases, a wax coating device may be incorporated into the device. Usually, shock absorbers are arranged between the rewinding machine and the coating pretreatment apparatus and between the baking furnace and the winder.
[0003]
The continuous coating line is for pre-coating and painting by passing a coil of aluminum material in a short time, but when water-based paint is applied to the aluminum material, the coating film swells, causing abnormal appearance and There is a problem in that poor coating performance occurs. The swelling of the coating film is particularly likely to occur when the coating weight is large, for example, 100 mg / dm 2 or more, and when the baking time is short.
[0004]
The swelling phenomenon is that water-based paints are very easy to dry, so only the surface of the paint film is dried by baking for a short time, and when the water inside the paint film evaporates, gas is generated below the paint film surface. In the past, it was thought to be due to the ease of drying of the water-based paint. However, as a result of subsequent studies, the swelling of the coating film is greatly influenced by the dry state of the aluminum material surface before painting, and if the dry state before painting is insufficient, the remaining moisture will be It has been found that it becomes a gas and causes the coating to swell.
[0005]
The pre-coating treatment equipment is accompanied by a draining and drying furnace for removing pre-treated washing water, and after pre-coating treatment, the aluminum material is washed with water and passed through the drying furnace at an ambient temperature of about 100 ° C. within a few seconds. Although the drying is performed under such conditions as to pass through, the solid temperature of the aluminum material is less than 100 ° C. and is not maintained at a high temperature.
[0006]
In order to prevent swelling during application of the water-based paint, it has been proposed to heat the pre-painted aluminum material to a temperature of 50 to 250 ° C. prior to coating, and then apply the water-based paint to the surface. (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-79233) This method prevents the occurrence of blistering by heating and evaporating the moisture in the water-based paint immediately after coating to the surface before the moisture on the coating surface evaporates. It is what.
[0007]
However, when a water-based paint is applied to the pre-painted aluminum material in the above temperature range, swelling can be prevented, but the coating with the applied water-based paint is easy to dry, and its fluidity is hindered. As a result, another problem arises that the smoothness of the coating film tends to be impaired.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the present invention, in order to eliminate the above-mentioned conventional problems when applying a water-based paint to an aluminum material, further experiments and examinations are made on the relationship between the swelling phenomenon of the coating film and the dry state of the surface of the aluminum material before application. The purpose of this was to create a coating method, coating apparatus and pre-treatment apparatus for aluminum material that can prevent the swelling of the coating film and form a coating film with excellent smoothness. It is to provide.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, according to claim 1 of the present invention, after the aluminum material is subjected to pre-coating treatment, the aluminum material is heated so that at least the surface temperature is 150 ° C. or higher, and then cooled to a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower. There is provided a method for coating an aluminum material, characterized in that a water-based paint is applied to the surface.
[0010]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for carrying out the aluminum material coating method according to the first aspect, wherein at least a rewinding machine, a painting apparatus, a baking furnace, and a winder are arranged in this order. A heating apparatus and a cooling apparatus are provided in this order between the rewinding machine and the coating apparatus, and an aluminum material coating apparatus is provided, in which an aluminum material is continuously coated. According to Claim 3, the apparatus for carrying out the method for coating an aluminum material according to Claim 1, wherein at least a rewinding machine, a pre-painting treatment device, and a winder are arranged in this order, and the pre-painting treatment is performed. device and a heating device between the winder provided a cooling device in this order, painting pretreatment device of an aluminum material, characterized in that as pretreatment continuously coated aluminum material Ru is provided .
[0011]
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for carrying out the aluminum material coating method according to the first aspect, comprising at least a rewinding machine, a pretreatment apparatus for painting, a painting apparatus, a baking furnace, a winding furnace. The aluminum material is characterized in that the machines are arranged in this order, a heating device and a cooling device are provided in this order between the pre-painting treatment device and the painting device, and the aluminum material is continuously coated. A coating device is provided.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the coating of the aluminum material is performed, for example, in a continuous coating line 1 of the aluminum material as shown in FIG. The basic configuration of the aluminum material continuous coating line 1 is that a coil-shaped aluminum material unwinding machine 2 such as a rolled plate of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, and an aqueous paint is applied to the aluminum material S supplied from the unwinding machine 2. A coating apparatus 3 for baking, a baking furnace 4 for baking and hardening the coating film, and a winder 5 for winding the aluminum material S after the coating baking process.
[0013]
The heating / cooling device 6 of the present invention is interposed between the rewinding machine 2 and the coating device 3. The aluminum material S supplied from the rewinding machine 2 is introduced into the coating pretreatment device 8 through the shock absorber 7 and subjected to pretreatment such as phosphoric acid chromate treatment.
[0014]
The aluminum material S pretreated by the coating pretreatment device 8 is cooled after being heated and dried by the heating / cooling device 6. The aluminum material S is first heated by the
[0015]
By setting the surface temperature to 150 ° C. or higher, a complete dry state can be obtained in a short time. When the temperature is lower than 150 ° C., the drying time becomes long, and it is difficult to obtain a complete dry state. Although there is no limitation in a heating method, the heating by infrared heating, high frequency heating, induction heating, electricity, a gas furnace etc. is illustrated.
[0016]
After the surface of the aluminum material is dried, it is cooled to a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower (a surface temperature of the aluminum material) by the cooling device 6B in order to ensure the fluidity of the water-based paint after application. If it is not cooled to a temperature of 100 ° C. or lower, the water-based paint dries immediately and fluidity is hindered. Preferably, it is good to cool to 50 degrees C or less and room temperature or more and the temperature comparable to the temperature of a water-based paint. Cooling to a temperature of 100 ° C or less is preferably natural cooling, but if it is difficult to cool to a temperature of 100 ° C or less before painting due to the construction of the painting line, a device for forced cooling such as air cooling is provided. May be.
[0017]
The surface coating of the aluminum material after cooling is performed by a coating apparatus 3 using a water-based paint such as an epoxy resin water-based paint, an acrylic resin water-based paint, and an epoxy-acrylic resin water-based paint according to a conventional method. The painted aluminum material S is subjected to a paint baking process in the baking furnace 4 and is wound up by a winder 5 through a
[0018]
In the above, the method and apparatus for continuously performing the coating of the aluminum material using the continuous coating line has been described, but the pre-painting treatment and the painting treatment may be performed in separate lines. In this case, the rewinding machine 2, the pre-painting treatment device 8, the heating / cooling device 6, and the winder 5 are arranged in this order (not shown) to form a pre-painting treatment line, and the pre-painting treatment The finished aluminum material is painted on a separate line.
[0019]
In the present invention, the surface of the aluminum material after the pre-coating treatment is heated to 150 ° C. or higher to obtain a stable dry surface, and then cooled to 100 ° C. or lower and applied with the aqueous coating material. It is possible to obtain a coated aluminum material having a coating film that is free of swelling and excellent in smoothness.
[0020]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described based on examples.
In addition, these Examples are for describing one preferable embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereby.
[0021]
Example 1
As the material to be coated, a rolled aluminum alloy plate (JIS A5182 material, plate thickness: 0.285 mm) is used, and a phosphoric acid chromate treatment is applied as a pretreatment for coating, and the plate material is heated at a rate of 26.8 ° C / sec. The plate was heated until the surface temperature reached 154 ° C., and without any holding time, the plate was immediately cooled until the surface temperature of the plate became 40 ° C. Next, an epoxy resin-based paint was used as a water-based paint, and the coating weight was 143 mg / dm 2 , followed by baking at a temperature rising rate of 17.5 ° C./second (PMT = 200 ° C.). Thereafter, the appearance of the coating film was visually observed, and the presence or absence of swelling and the smoothness of the coating film were examined. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0022]
Examples 2-7
Using the same aluminum alloy rolled plate as in Example 1, and after performing a phosphoric acid chromate treatment as a coating pretreatment, the heating temperature and the heating rate at that time, the cooling temperature, and the coating weight were changed as shown in Table 1, The other conditions were exactly the same as in Example 1, and a coated aluminum alloy plate was obtained. As in Example 1, the appearance of the coating film was visually observed. The results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen in Table 1, the test material according to the present invention showed no swelling and formed a coating film excellent in smoothness.
[0023]
[Table 1]
Comparative Examples 8-13
Using the same aluminum alloy rolled plate as in Example 1, and after performing a phosphoric acid chromate treatment as a coating pretreatment, the heating temperature and the heating rate at that time, the cooling temperature, and the coating weight were changed as shown in Table 2, The other conditions were exactly the same as in Example 1, and a coated aluminum alloy plate was obtained. As in Example 1, the appearance of the coating film was visually observed. In Comparative Examples 8 to 12, the heating temperature is lower than the condition of 150 ° C. or higher of the present invention, the cooling temperature is 100 ° C. or lower of the present invention, and the Comparative Example 13 has a heating temperature of 193 ° C. The cooling temperature is set to 150 ° C., which is higher than the condition of 100 ° C. or lower according to the present invention. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0025]
[Table 2]
As shown in Table 2, the test material No. whose heating temperature was lower than the condition of 150 ° C. or higher of the present invention was used. In Nos. 8 to 12, the coating film was swollen due to insufficient drying of the material surface. Moreover, the test material No. which made the cooling temperature 150 degreeC higher than the conditions of 100 degrees C or less of this invention. No. 13 is inferior in the smoothness of the coating film due to poor fluidity of the paint.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, since the aluminum material to be coated is heated to 150 ° C. or higher and then cooled to 100 ° C. or lower between the pre-painting process step and the coating step, the surface of the material to be coated before coating is always performed. It is possible to make the dry state constant, and it is possible to obtain an aqueous paint coating material having an excellent appearance.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Aluminum material continuous coating line 2 Rewinder 3 Coating device 4 Baking furnace 5 Winder 6 Heating / cooling device
6A heating device
6B Cooling device 7 Buffer device 8
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09744698A JP4017246B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Aluminum material painting method, painting equipment and painting pretreatment equipment |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09744698A JP4017246B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Aluminum material painting method, painting equipment and painting pretreatment equipment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH11290774A JPH11290774A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
| JP4017246B2 true JP4017246B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09744698A Expired - Fee Related JP4017246B2 (en) | 1998-04-09 | 1998-04-09 | Aluminum material painting method, painting equipment and painting pretreatment equipment |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4017246B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012005916A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2012-01-12 | Furukawa-Sky Aluminum Corp | Method for manufacturing aluminum alloy-coated plate for can lid, and aluminum alloy-coated plate for can lid |
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1998
- 1998-04-09 JP JP09744698A patent/JP4017246B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH11290774A (en) | 1999-10-26 |
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