JP4015644B2 - Image processing apparatus and image processing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an image processing technique, and more particularly, to a technique for generating an image of a three-dimensional object virtually arranged in a first space and a second space having different refractive indexes.

  Conventionally, a game device in which a character moves in a virtually constructed three-dimensional space is known. In some cases, a pond, the sea, and the like are arranged in a three-dimensional space, and a character moves underwater.

  However, there is no game device that makes full use of image processing technology that expresses the state of underwater with a high sense of reality.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a technique for generating a more realistic image.

  One embodiment of the present invention relates to an image processing apparatus. In this image processing apparatus, data of a three-dimensional object virtually arranged in the first space and the second space having different refractive indexes is arranged in the first object and the second space arranged in the first space. A storage unit that stores the second object in an identifiable manner, and a generation unit that generates an image of the three-dimensional object viewed from a predetermined viewpoint position in a predetermined line-of-sight direction. The drawing order of the first object and the second object is determined according to the positional relationship between the viewpoint position and the boundary surface of the first space and the second space, and the first object and the second object are The image of the three-dimensional object is generated by rendering along the drawing order. The first space may be in the air, for example, and the second space may be in the water, for example.

  The storage unit further stores the third object arranged in the vicinity of the boundary surface in an identifiable manner, and the generation unit stores the first object according to a positional relationship between the viewpoint position and the boundary surface. The drawing order of the object, the second object, and the third object is determined, and the first object, the second object, and the third object are rendered according to the drawing order, thereby rendering the three-dimensional object An image may be generated.

  An image processing apparatus divides a generated image into blocks of a predetermined size, and distorts the image by moving the vertices of the block, thereby adding an effect that expresses a state in which the image fluctuates. May be further provided. The image processing apparatus may further include a shaking effect adding unit that adds an effect of expressing a state of shaking of the object by applying shear matrix conversion to an image of the object that shakes in the fluid. In order to add an effect of expressing a state in which light is inserted into the first space or the second space, the image processing apparatus arranges plate polygons at the positions where the light is inserted, and the sides on the insertion side and the bottom side by shearing. A flare effect adding unit that twists the plate polygon while keeping the plate parallel to each other and applies a texture perpendicular to the plate polygon may be further provided. The image processing apparatus may further include a fog effect adding unit that adds a fog effect according to a water depth when the first space is underwater. The image processing apparatus may further include a scale adjustment unit that automatically adjusts the scale of the object based on a display mode.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a technique for generating a highly realistic image.

  FIG. 1 shows a configuration of a game apparatus 10 including an image processing apparatus 50 according to the embodiment. The game device 10 includes a controller 20, a control unit 30, a display device 40, and an image processing device 50. A part of the configuration shown in FIG. 1 can be realized in terms of hardware by a CPU, memory, or other LSI of an arbitrary computer, and in terms of software, it can be realized by a program loaded in the memory. So, functional blocks that are realized by their cooperation are drawn. Accordingly, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by hardware only, software only, or a combination thereof.

  The game apparatus 10 according to the present embodiment realizes a game in which a user operates a fish character to move around a pond and eat other fish or pick up items. The user can obtain an operational feeling as if it was a fish by operating the fish character and moving it underwater. In the present embodiment, an image of a three-dimensional virtual reality world (hereinafter simply referred to as “game world”) constructed in two air and underwater spaces having different refractive indexes is expressed with a high sense of reality. The description will focus on image processing technology.

  The control unit 30 executes the game program based on a control signal input from the controller 20 operated by the user, and advances the game. The control unit 30 changes the control information such as the current position of the character operated by the user, the camera viewpoint position when generating a screen depicting the game world, the line-of-sight direction, various flag information and parameters used by the game program, and the like. ,to manage. The image processing device 50 generates a game screen controlled by the control unit 30. The display device 40 displays the game screen generated by the image processing device 50.

  In the present embodiment, the character operated by the user moves in water and in a three-dimensional game world virtually constructed on the water, so that the image processing device 50 is a three-dimensional object placed in the game world. Is rendered using the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera determined by the control unit 30, and a display of various information is added to the generated image to generate a game screen.

  The image processing apparatus 50 includes a generation unit 70 that generates a game screen to be presented to the user as the game progresses by the control unit 30, and a storage unit 60 that stores data necessary for image processing in the generation unit 70. . The storage unit 60 includes an object database 62 for storing shape data of objects arranged in the game world, a texture memory 64, and a frame buffer 66. The object database 42 is an example of a storage unit, and is an underwater object arranged in the water that is an example of the first space, a water object arranged in the air that is an example of the second space, and the first space and the second The distinction of the water surface objects arranged near the water surface, which is the boundary surface of the space, is stored in an identifiable manner. The object database 42 may store, for example, object data and an identifier indicating whether the object is a water object, an underwater object, or a water surface object. The texture memory 64 is used as a work memory in image processing and has, for example, a capacity that is half the size of the screen. The frame buffer 66 holds image data for one screen.

  The generation unit 70 includes a rendering unit 90 that renders a group of objects arranged underwater and on the water, and a configuration that adds various visual effects to the rendered image. Specifically, the generation unit 70 includes the underwater An effect adding unit 72, a water surface effect adding unit 74, a shaking effect adding unit 76, a flare effect adding unit 78, a fog effect adding unit 80, and a rendering unit 90 are included. In addition to these, the generation unit 70 includes a scale adjustment unit 82 that automatically adjusts the scale when displaying a three-dimensional object.

  The underwater effect adding unit 72 adds the effect of distorting the generated image when the viewpoint position of the camera is in the water, thereby expressing how the video viewed from the water fluctuates due to the flow of water. The underwater effect adding unit 72 distorts the image by dividing the generated image into blocks of a predetermined size, for example, 8 pixels × 16 pixels, and moving the vertices of these blocks. Thereby, the image seen from the water can be drawn with a high sense of reality. The underwater effect adding unit 72 may be configured to distort the portion closer to where the object closer to the viewpoint position is drawn.

  The water surface effect adding unit 74 adds an effect of expressing a state where the water surface fluctuates by distorting an image projected on the water surface or an image seen through the water surface. The water surface effect adding unit 74 divides the generated image into blocks of a predetermined size, for example, 8 pixels × 16 pixels, and distorts the image by moving their vertices. At this time, the movement amount of the vertex is increased in proportion to the value of 1 / z of the coordinates on the water surface projected onto the vertex (z is the coordinate value in the depth direction). As a result, a portion where a nearby water surface is projected is more greatly distorted, so that a more realistic image can be obtained.

  In addition, the alpha value representing transparency, which is given to each vertex of the divided block, is determined according to the distance between the viewpoint position and the vertex or the angle between the viewing direction and the normal of the boundary surface at the vertex. . For example, when drawing an image that looks through the water surface, the angle between the water surface and the line-of-sight direction is close to the viewpoint position, and the angle between the water surface and the line-of-sight direction is close to a right angle (that is, the angle between the water surface normal and the line-of-sight direction is small). ) The alpha value will be smaller for the part. Hereinafter, this operation is referred to as a “WPL filter”. Conversely, when drawing an image that appears to be reflected on the water surface, the angle between the water surface and the line-of-sight direction is close to the viewpoint position, and the angle between the water surface and the line-of-sight direction is close to a right angle. Increase the alpha value of the smaller part. Hereinafter, this operation is referred to as a “WPLR filter”. By such an operation, the reflection on the water surface and the transparency of the image seen through the water surface can be changed according to the viewpoint position and the line-of-sight direction, and a more realistic image can be obtained.

揺れ効果付加部７６は、ａ、ｂ、ｃ、ｄ、ｅ、ｆに変数を代入して変換を行う。ここで、ａ＝ｃ、ｂ＝ｅ、ｄ＝ｆとしてもよい。 The swaying effect adding unit 76 adds an effect of expressing swaying to an image of an object such as grass that causes swaying by the flow of water underwater or by wind in the air. The shaking effect adding unit 76 expresses the shaking of the object by performing the matrix calculation only once by twisting the object using shear matrix conversion that generates distortion according to the distance from the fixed point. The coordinates handled in the three-dimensional graphics are three, that is, X, Y, and Z. In many cases, however, the dimension is increased by one in consideration of parallel transformation or perspective transformation and handled as four-dimensional homogeneous coordinates. At this time, the shear matrix Ms is expressed by the following equation.

The shaking effect adding unit 76 performs conversion by assigning variables to a, b, c, d, e, and f. Here, a = c, b = e, and d = f may be set.

  The flare effect adding unit 78 adds an effect that expresses a state in which light is inserted into water underwater. The flare effect adding unit 78 arranges rectangular plate polygons at positions where light insertion is drawn, and twists the plate polygons while keeping the sides on the insertion side and the bottom side parallel by shearing. Also, the texture is stretched so as to be perpendicular to the polygon and expressed so that the insertion of light can be seen naturally by the UV change.

  The fog effect adding unit 80 adds a fog effect corresponding to the water depth to an underwater image. The fog effect adding unit 80 sets the maximum fog value with respect to a predetermined water depth, and sets the fog value in real time by linear interpolation for a region shallower than the water depth to add the fog effect.

When the image of the object is generated, the scale adjustment unit 82 automatically adjusts the scale of the object according to the situation in which the image is displayed, the relationship with surrounding objects, and the like. For example, when displaying a screen for explaining fish or items appearing in the game, the size of the fish or item is displayed in a substantially constant size according to the display frame, not the size that appears in the game. Adjust the scale. The scale adjustment unit 82 acquires the size from the culling sphere data of the polygon model of the object read from the object database 62,
(Scale of model) = k / (Radius of culling sphere data) × (Number for individual adjustment) k
= (Predetermined value)
Calculate the size. The scale adjustment unit 82 corrects the display position deviation based on the center coordinate value of the culling sphere data.

  FIG. 2 shows examples of a water object, an underwater object, and a water surface object. The three-dimensional virtual real world shown in FIG. 2 includes two spaces having different refractive indexes, the underwater 102 and the water 104, with the water surface 100 interposed therebetween. In FIG. 2, a bucket 110 is an example of a water object placed on the water surface 104, a rock 112 is an example of an underwater object placed on the water 102, and a fallen leaf 114 is an example of a water surface object placed near the water surface 100. , Respectively. When this world is viewed from the water surface 104, a water object, a water surface object, a water object reflected by the water surface 100, and an underwater object transmitted through the water surface 100 in the same space can be seen. When the world is viewed from the underwater 102, an underwater object, a water surface object, an underwater object reflected by the water surface 100, and a water object that has passed through the water surface 100 can be seen in the same space. In the present embodiment, by appropriately setting the drawing order of these objects, an image that more accurately reproduces the game world is generated. Objects that are near the water surface should be more clearly visible than images that are reflected on the surface of the water or images that are transmitted through the surface of the water, regardless of whether the viewpoint is on the water or underwater. By rendering the drawing independent of the drawing of the underwater object or the water object relatively far from the water surface and prioritizing the reflected image and the transmitted image on the water surface, a more realistic image can be generated.

  FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the generation unit 70 generates a game screen. First, the generation unit 70 acquires the viewpoint position and the line-of-sight direction of the camera from the control unit 30 (S10). Subsequently, the generation unit 70 determines the drawing order of the objects based on the viewpoint position of the camera (S12). The generation unit 70 determines whether the viewpoint position of the camera is above or below the water surface, and determines the drawing order of the objects according to the determination result. When the viewpoint position of the camera is underwater (N in S14), the generation unit 70 performs rendering in the order of the water object, the water surface object, and the underwater object, and sequentially overwrites them to generate an image of the game world (S18). ). When the viewpoint position of the camera is on the water (Y in S14), the generation unit 70 performs rendering in the order of the underwater object, the water surface object, and the water object, and sequentially overwrites them to generate an image of the game world (S16). ). Thereby, for example, even when a semi-transparent object is arranged, it is possible to appropriately draw without causing a sort error. The generation unit 70 adds a display of various information such as the physical strength and hunger level of the character to the image of the game world generated in this way to generate a game screen (S20).

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the generation unit 70 generates an image of the game world viewed from the water. This procedure corresponds to S16 in the flowchart shown in FIG. First, the generation unit 70 reads an underwater object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera, renders the underwater object, and stores it in the texture memory 64 (S30). At this time, if there is an object such as grass, an effect that expresses shaking is added by the shaking effect adding unit 76. Further, if necessary, an effect of expressing light insertion may be added by the flare effect adding unit 78, or the underwater transparency may be changed by the fog effect adding unit 80. Subsequently, a distortion effect is added to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPL filter is applied, and the image is rendered in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes thinner at a portion farther from the water surface (S32). As a result, an image of the underwater object seen through the water surface is generated.

  Next, the generation unit 70 fills the texture memory 64 with one black color. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPLR filter is applied, and the image is drawn in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes darker as the part of the water surface is farther (S34). This image has a black gradation. Since the darker black image is added to the farther water surface, the darker the image is to the farther water surface from the viewpoint position. Thereby, a sense of perspective can be produced.

  Next, the generation unit 70 reads out the water object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera, renders the surface object, and stores it in the texture memory 64 (S36). At this time, the matrix is inverted on the water surface. When an object such as grass is present, an effect for expressing the shaking may be added by the shaking effect adding unit 76. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPLR filter is applied, and the image is drawn in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes darker at a portion farther from the water surface (S38). As a result, an image of the floating object that is reflected on the water surface is drawn. By the above procedure, an image in which the images of the water object and the underwater object are cross-faded on the water surface is obtained. Since the WPL filter is applied to the underwater object image and the WPLR filter is applied to the water object image inverted on the water surface, the closer the angle between the water surface and the line of sight is, the closer the water surface is. The image of the underwater object passing through the water surface is darker, the image of the water object reflected off the water surface is drawn lighter, and conversely, the farther from the viewpoint and the smaller the angle between the water surface and the line-of-sight direction, The image of the water object that is thin and reflected on the water surface is drawn deeply. Thereby, the state of the water surface can be reproduced more realistically.

  Next, the generation unit 70 reads out the water surface object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera, renders the water surface object, and stores it in the texture memory 64 (S40). At this time, texture animation may be used. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPL filter is applied, and the image is rendered in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes thinner at a portion farther from the water surface (S42). Thereby, the image of the water surface object is drawn. Since the image of the water surface object is overwritten on the image of the water surface, the object arranged in the vicinity of the water surface is drawn with priority over the underwater object that can be seen through the water surface and the water surface object that can be reflected off the water surface. As a result, a more realistic image can be generated.

  Next, the generation unit 70 reads out the water object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera, renders the surface object, and adds it to the frame buffer 66 (S44). Through the above procedure, an image of the game world viewed from the water is appropriately generated.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure in which the generation unit 70 generates an image of the game world viewed from underwater. This procedure corresponds to S18 in the flowchart shown in FIG. First, the generation unit 70 reads out a floating object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the camera viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction, renders the surface object, and stores it in the texture memory 64 (S50). At this time, if there is an object such as grass, an effect of expressing shaking may be added by the shaking effect adding unit 76. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPL filter is applied, and the image is rendered in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes thinner as the part of the water surface is farther (S52). As a result, an image of the water object that can be seen through the water surface is generated.

  Next, the generation unit 70 fills the texture memory 64 with one black color. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPLR filter is applied to draw the image in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes darker as the part of the water surface is farther away (S54). This image has a black gradation. Since the darker black image is added to the farther water surface, the darker the image is to the farther water surface from the viewpoint position. Thereby, a sense of perspective can be produced.

  Next, the generation unit 70 reads the underwater object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the camera viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction, renders the underwater object, and stores it in the texture memory 64 (S56). At this time, the matrix is inverted on the water surface. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPLR filter is applied, and the image is drawn in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes darker as the part of the water surface is farther away (S58). As a result, an image of the underwater object that is reflected by the water surface is drawn. By the above procedure, an image in which the images of the water object and the underwater object are cross-faded on the water surface is obtained. Since the WPL filter is applied to the image of the water object and the WPLR filter is applied to the image of the underwater object inverted on the water surface, the closer the angle between the water surface and the line of sight is, the closer the water surface is to the water surface. The image of an overwater object that is transmitted through the water surface is darker when the image of the underwater object that is transmitted through is darker and the image of the underwater object that is reflected off the surface of the water is thinly drawn. A thin image of the underwater object reflected on the water surface is drawn deeply. Thereby, the state of the water surface can be reproduced more realistically.

  Next, the generation unit 70 reads out the water surface object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera, renders the water surface object, and stores it in the texture memory 64 (S60). At this time, texture animation may be used. Subsequently, a distortion effect is applied to the image in the texture memory 64 by the water surface effect adding unit 74, and a WPL filter is applied, and the image is rendered in the frame buffer 66 so that the image becomes thinner at a portion farther from the water surface (S62). Thereby, the image of the water surface object is drawn. Since the image of the water surface object is overwritten on the image of the water surface, the object arranged near the water surface is drawn with priority over the water object that can be seen through the water surface and the water object that is reflected on the water surface. As a result, a more realistic image can be generated.

  Next, the generation unit 70 reads the underwater object from the object database 62 and passes it to the rendering unit 90. The rendering unit 90 sets the viewpoint position and line-of-sight direction of the camera, renders the underwater object, and adds it to the frame buffer 66 (S64). At this time, if there is an object such as grass, an effect that expresses shaking is added by the shaking effect adding unit 76. Further, if necessary, an effect of expressing light insertion may be added by the flare effect adding unit 78, or the underwater transparency may be changed by the fog effect adding unit 80. Finally, an effect of expressing water fluctuation is added to the image in the frame buffer 66 by the underwater effect adding unit 72 (S66). Through the above procedure, an image of the game world viewed from underwater is appropriately generated.

  The present invention has been described based on the embodiments. This embodiment is an exemplification, and it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to combinations of the respective constituent elements and processing processes, and such modifications are also within the scope of the present invention. is there.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the game device containing the image processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure which shows the example of a water object, an underwater object, and a water surface object. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure in which a production | generation part produces | generates a game screen. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure in which the production | generation part produces | generates the image of the game world seen from the water. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure in which the production | generation part produces | generates the image of the game world seen from underwater.

Explanation of symbols

  10 game devices, 30 control units, 40 display devices, 50 image processing devices, 60 storage units, 62 object databases, 64 texture memories, 66 frame buffers, 70 generation units, 72 underwater effect addition units, 74 water surface effect addition units, 76 Shake effect adding unit, 78 Flare effect adding unit, 80 Fog effect adding unit, 82 Scale adjusting unit, 90 Rendering unit.

Claims (12)

The data of the three-dimensional object virtually arranged in the first space and the second space different refractive index, the first first object placed in a space, the second object disposed in the second space and, A storage unit for identifiably storing a third object arranged near a boundary surface between the first space and the second space ;
A generation unit that generates an image of the three-dimensional object viewed in a predetermined line-of-sight direction from a predetermined viewpoint position;
When the viewpoint position is in the first space, the generation unit renders and overlaps the second object, the first object that is reflected on the boundary surface, the third object, and the first object in this order. An image processing apparatus that generates an image of the three-dimensional object by combining them. When the viewpoint position is in the second space, the generation unit renders and superimposes the first object, the second object that is reflected on the boundary surface, the third object, and the second object in this order. it, the image processing apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that to generate the image. The image processing apparatus further includes a distortion effect adding unit that adds an effect of expressing a state in which the image fluctuates by dividing the generated image into blocks of a predetermined size and distorting the image by moving the vertex of the block. the image processing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized. The image processing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein an amount of movement of the vertex is proportional to a reciprocal of a value in a depth direction of coordinates on the boundary surface projected onto the vertex. Transparency of the vertices claim 3, characterized in that it is determined according to the angle between the normal of the boundary surface at a distance, or the sight line direction and the apex between the apexes and the viewpoint position or 5. The image processing apparatus according to 4 . The apparatus further comprises a shaking effect adding unit that adds an effect of expressing a state of shaking of the object by applying shear matrix conversion to an image of the object that causes shaking in the fluid. 6. The image processing apparatus according to any one of 5 above. In order to add an effect of expressing a state in which light is inserted into the first space or the second space, a plate polygon is arranged at a position where the light is inserted, and the sides on the insertion side and the bottom side are kept parallel by shearing. twisting the plate polygon, the image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a flare effect adding section tensioning the plate polygon perpendicular textured. Wherein when the first space is water, an image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it further comprises a fog effect adding section for adding a fog effect in accordance with the water depth. The image processing apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, the scale of the object, and further comprising a scaling unit that automatically adjusts based on the display mode. Obtaining a viewpoint position and a line-of-sight direction in order to render data of a three-dimensional object virtually arranged in the first space and the second space having different refractive indexes;
It said viewpoint position, according to the positional relationship between the boundary surface of the first space and the second space, the first first object placed in a space, the second object disposed in the second space and, Determining a drawing order of a third object arranged near a boundary surface between the first space and the second space ;
When the viewpoint position is in the first space, the data of the three-dimensional object is stored in the order of the second object, the first object that is reflected on the boundary surface, the third object, and the first object. Generating the image of the three-dimensional object by reading and rendering the data from the storage unit, and superimposing the data;
An image processing method comprising: A function of acquiring a viewpoint position and a line-of-sight direction in order to render data of a three-dimensional object virtually arranged in the first space and the second space having different refractive indexes;
It said viewpoint position, according to the positional relationship between the boundary surface of the first space and the second space, the first first object placed in a space, the second object disposed in the second space and, A function of determining a drawing order of a third object arranged near a boundary surface between the first space and the second space ;
When the viewpoint position is in the first space, the data of the three-dimensional object is stored in the order of the second object, the first object that is reflected on the boundary surface, the third object, and the first object. A function of generating the image of the three-dimensional object by reading and rendering the data from the storage unit, and superimposing the data;
A computer program for causing a computer to execute. A function of acquiring a viewpoint position and a line-of-sight direction in order to render data of a three-dimensional object virtually arranged in the first space and the second space having different refractive indexes;
It said viewpoint position, according to the positional relationship between the boundary surface of the first space and the second space, the first first object placed in a space, the second object disposed in the second space and, A function of determining a drawing order of a third object arranged near a boundary surface between the first space and the second space ;
When the viewpoint position is in the first space, the data of the three-dimensional object is stored in the order of the second object, the first object that is reflected on the boundary surface, the third object, and the first object. A function of generating the image of the three-dimensional object by reading and rendering the data from the storage unit, and superimposing the data;
The computer-readable recording medium which recorded the program for implement | achieving.

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