JP4008796B2 - Method for producing acidic oil-in-water emulsion - Google Patents

Method for producing acidic oil-in-water emulsion

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Publication number
JP4008796B2
JP4008796B2 JP2002322988A JP2002322988A JP4008796B2 JP 4008796 B2 JP4008796 B2 JP 4008796B2 JP 2002322988 A JP2002322988 A JP 2002322988A JP 2002322988 A JP2002322988 A JP 2002322988A JP 4008796 B2 JP4008796 B2 JP 4008796B2
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oil
emulsifier
water
water emulsion
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JP2004154057A (en
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司 宮谷
輝行 木村
浩明 山口
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Kao Corp
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Kao Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、マヨネーズ類等の酸性水中油型乳化物を効率良く製造する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術及び発明が解決しようとする課題】
マヨネーズ類等の酸性水中油型乳化物は、通常乳化剤としての卵黄、水及び食酢等を含む水相に油相成分を添加し、予備乳化後、コロイドミル等の乳化機で精乳化することにより製造されている。そしてその製造条件もバッチ方式から連続方式へと改良されている。また、配合成分も、油相成分へのジグリセリドの配合、乳化剤として酵素処理卵黄の利用など種々の改良がなされている。
【0003】
しかしながら、初期に設定した乳化条件では、原料の諸物性の変動等により充分に高粘度の乳化物が得られなくなる、水中油型から油中水型へ相転位してしまう等の問題が生じることがあった。特に、配合によって乳化が不安定になる場合には、従来の方法をそのまま使用しただけでも上記問題が生じる可能性が高くなる。
【0004】
相転移を検知する方法としては、例えば、電気伝導度を利用した方法等(非特許文献1参照)がある。この方法は、乳化物が水中油型の場合は電流は大きく流れるが、反対に油中水型の場合は電気がほとんど流れないという性質を利用して、乳化物の形態を判断する方法である。しかしこの方法では、特に水中油型から油中水型への相転位の場合には、相転位が部分的に生じた程度では精度よく検知できず、また、検知できた部分であっても、その部分は既に相転移が生じてしまっているため、不良品の発生を抑制するという観点からは不充分なものである。
【0005】
従って、本発明の目的は、安定した高粘度の酸性水中油型乳化物を相転位させずに効率良く製造する方法を提供することにある。
【0006】
【非特許文献1】
乳化・可溶化の技術、辻 薦 著、工学図書株式会社 発行、P.64(1976)
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、乳化機中の乳化状態を検知する手段について検討し、負荷電流計を乳化機に設置して該乳化機の負荷電流を経時的に測定したところ、乳化状態の変化、特に相転位が生じる前には必ず該負荷電流の急激な上昇が生じ、その上昇が継続する場合は相転位が生じてしまうことが判明した。従って、当該負荷電流を経時的に観察し、それにより乳化物に負荷する剪断エネルギーを制御すれば、相転位を未然に防止し、安定して高粘度の酸性水中油型乳化物が製造できることを見出した。
【0008】
すなわち、本発明は、酸性物質を含む水相、ジグリセリドを20重量%以上含有する油相及び乳化剤を乳化機内で撹拌する酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法であって、当該乳化機に備えた負荷電流計により該乳化機の負荷電流を測定し、該負荷電流の変化の観察により乳化状態を検知し、負荷電流の電流値の振れ幅が定常運転時の2倍以上に急激に上昇した状態が5秒以上継続した場合に水中油型−油中水型間の相転位であると検知し、該乳化物に負荷する剪断エネルギーを制御することによる酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法を提供するものである。
【0009】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は酸性物質を含む水相、油相及び乳化剤を乳化機内で撹拌する酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法である。ここで、酸性物質を含む水相には、水;米酢、酒粕酢、リンゴ酢、ブドウ酢、穀物酢、合成酢等の食酢;食塩;グルタミン酸ソーダ等の調味料;砂糖、水飴等の糖類;酒、みりん等の呈味料;各種ビタミン;クエン酸等の有機酸及びその塩;香辛料;レモン果汁等の各種野菜又は果実の搾汁液;キサンタンガム、ジェランガム、グァーガム、タマリンドガム、カラギーナン、ペクチン、トラガントガム等の増粘多糖類;馬鈴薯澱粉等の澱粉類、それらの分解物及びそれらの化工澱粉類;ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリソルベート等の合成乳化剤、大豆タンパク質、乳タンパク質、小麦タンパク質等、あるいはこれらタンパク質の分離物や分解物等のタンパク質系乳化剤、レシチン又はその酵素分解物等の天然系乳化剤;牛乳等の乳製品;各種リン酸塩等を配合することができる。本発明においては、目的とする組成物の粘度、物性等に応じて、これらを適宜配合できる。
かかる水相のpHは、風味と保存性のバランスの観点から、2〜6、特に3〜5が好ましい。水相のpH調整には、上記した食酢、有機酸、有機酸の塩類、果汁類等の酸味料を使用できる。
【0010】
油相としては、常温で液状の油脂類であれば特に限定されず、例えば大豆油、コーン油、ヒマワリ油、ゴマ油、綿実油、なたね油、サフラワー油、パーム油、オリーブ油、グレープシード油などが挙げられる。また、肥満防止効果、体重抑制効果などの効果を得るためには、油相としてジグリセリドを20重量%(以下、単に%で示す)以上含有する油脂類を使用するのが好ましい。
【0011】
しかし、一般にジグリセリドは油中水型乳化物を形成しやすい。即ち、ジグリセリド含有の水中油型乳化物を製造する際には、水中油型から油中水型への相転位に留意して製造する必要があり、本発明の製造法を適用することは特に好ましい。
【0012】
本発明において用いるジグリセリドも、低融点であることが好ましい。具体的には、構成脂肪酸残基の炭素数が8〜24、特に16〜22であることが好ましい。また不飽和脂肪酸残基の量は、全脂肪酸残基の55%以上が好ましく、70%以上がより好ましく、90%以上が特に好ましい。ジグリセリドは、植物油、動物油等とグリセリンとのエステル交換反応、又は上記油脂由来の脂肪酸とグリセリンとのエステル化反応等任意の方法により得られる。反応方法は、アルカリ触媒等を用いた化学反応法、リパーゼ等の油脂加水分解酵素を用いた生化学反応法のいずれでもよい。油相中のジグリセリド含量は、脂質代謝改善食品(中性脂肪蓄積抑制)としての有効性の観点から20%以上、更に30%以上、特に35%以上が好ましい。油相には、ジグリセリド以外に、モノグリセリド、遊離脂肪酸等を含有させることができる。尚、乳化物の安定化等のため、油相中に高融点油脂、特に室温で固体である油脂を含有させてもよい。
【0013】
また、油相には、更に血中コレステロール低下作用を有する植物ステロールを含有させてもよい。ジグリセリドと植物ステロールの併用により、血中コレステロール低下作用は、相乗的に高まり、脂質代謝改善食品としての有用性を更に高めることができる。植物ステロールとしては、例えばα−シトステロール、β−シトステロール、スチグマステロール、エルゴステロール、カンペステロール等が挙げられる。またこれらの脂肪酸エステル、フェルラ酸エステル、配糖体を用いることもできる。本発明においては、これらを一種以上用いることができる。酸性水中油型乳化物中の、植物ステロールの含有量は、1.2〜10%、特に2〜5%が好ましい。
【0014】
油相と水相の重量比は、10〜80:90〜20が好ましく、35〜75:65〜25が特に好ましい。
【0015】
乳化剤としては卵黄が好ましく、卵黄は、生、凍結、粉末、加塩、加糖等任意の形態でよく、また卵白を含んだ全卵の形態で配合してもよい。組成物中の卵黄の含有量は、風味向上の観点から、液状卵黄換算で5〜20%が好まく、7〜17%がより好ましく、8〜15%が特に好ましく、10〜15%が最も好ましい。
また、卵黄は酵素処理卵黄を用いてもよい。当該卵黄の酵素処理に用いる酵素としては、エステラーゼ、リパーゼ、ホスホリパーゼが好ましく、リパーゼ、ホスホリパーゼがより好ましく、ホスホリパーゼが特に好ましい。ホスホリパーゼの中でも、ホスホリパーゼA、すなわちホスホリパーゼA1及び/又はA2が最も好ましい。
酵素処理条件は、卵黄の全部に酵素処理卵黄を用いる場合、リゾ比率が15%以上となるような条件を適宜選択すればよい。具体的には、酵素添加量は、酵素活性が10000IU/mLの場合、卵黄に対して0.0001〜0.1%、特に0.001〜0.01%が好ましく、反応温度は20〜60℃、特に30〜55℃が好ましく、反応時間は1時間〜30時間、特に5時間〜25時間が好ましい。また卵黄の一部に酵素処理卵黄を用いる場合、酵素未処理卵黄と酵素処理卵黄の合計のリゾ比率が上記範囲となるように酵素処理条件を選択すればよい。かかる酵素処理は、各原料を混合して乳化処理する以前の段階で行うことが好ましい。
【0016】
本発明においては、これらの成分を必要に応じて予備乳化した後、乳化機で精乳化する。当該乳化機として、例えばマウンテンゴウリン、マイクロフルイダイザー等の高圧ホモジナイザー、超音波式乳化機、コロイドミル、ディスパミル、マイルダー等の高速回転式乳化機が挙げられ、なかでも制御の容易性の観点から高速回転式乳化機が好ましい。
【0017】
当該乳化機には、負荷電流計を備える。該負荷電流計としては、汎用のクランプ電力計等を用いることができる。
【0018】
乳化機の負荷電流を経時的に測定し、該乳化機の負荷電流の変化を観察することにより乳化状態を検知する。すなわち、該負荷電流は、被処理物の経時変化等による粘度上昇とともに変化するが、その変化は通常ゆるやかである。かかる定常状態における乳化機の負荷電流の変動は、被処理物の送液流量の変動や、回転部の芯ズレ等の装置由来のものであり、略一定の周期変動である。
【0019】
乳化物が相転位する場合、相転位に近づくに従って連続相と分散相との摩擦による抵抗が極大に達するために粘度が急激に上昇し、相転位後は粘度が急激に低下する。それに伴って乳化機の負荷電流に急激な変化が生じる。即ち、急激な変化が生じるときは、乳化状態に変化が生じたときであるが、相転位にまで至らない場合は、その変化はすぐに元にもどる。この急激な変化が継続する場合は相転位(水中油型−油中水型間)を生じたときである。従って、当該急激な変化を監視し、継続する場合には乳化物に負荷する剪断エネルギーの制御をすれば相転位は防止できることになる。当該監視及び剪断エネルギーの制御はコンピュータにより自動的に行うのが好ましい。
【0020】
ここで、該負荷電流の急激な変化とは、電流値の振れ幅が定常運転時の2倍以上に上昇することをいい、好ましくは3倍以上に上昇することをいう。また、電流値の変化後の状態の継続は、5秒以上、好ましくは10秒以上をいう。電流値の振れ幅が定常運転時の2倍以上に上昇し、その状態が20秒以上継続すると相転位してしまう傾向にある。
【0021】
乳化物に負荷する剪断エネルギーの制御手段としては、乳化機の回転数を調整する、クリアランスを調整する、該乳化機に供給する被処理物の流量を調整すること等が挙げられる。ここでいうクリアランスとは該乳化機内で剪断エネルギーが最大となるローター部とステーター部の間隙のことをいう。なかでも制御の容易性の観点から、該乳化機の回転数を調整すること、被処理物の流量を調整することが好ましい。具体的には、電流値の振れ幅が定常運転時の2倍以上に上昇した状態が5秒以上継続した場合に、剪断エネルギーを減少させるべく、回転数を低下させる、クリアランスを増大させる、又は乳化機に供給する被処理物の流量を増加させる等の操作を行う。なお、調整の度合いは、電流値の変動が急激な変化を生じる前の値に戻る程度とし、戻った後はその状態を保つことが好ましい。
【0022】
また、当然ながら剪断エネルギーの制御には、乳化機の運転を停止することも含まれる。該乳化機の負荷電流の変動により相転位を検知した場合に、乳化機の運転を停止することは、不良品の発生を抑制する観点から、有用な制御方法の一つである。
【0023】
また、受液槽が複数個ある場合に、相転位の検知で受液槽を切替えることも、良品中に不良品が混入することを防止できる観点から、有用な手段である。
【0024】
かくして乳化物に負荷する剪断エネルギーを制御すれば相転位を生じることなく、安定した粘度の酸性水中油型乳化物が、安定して効率良く大量生産できる。なお、本方法はバッチ法、連続法のいずれでも用いられるが、特に連続法においては、原料の諸物性の変動等が生じ、初期に設定した乳化条件では好ましくない場合があるため、連続法において用いることが好ましい。
【0025】
かかる酸性水中油型乳化物の製法に供する製造装置の一例として、図1に記す態様が挙げられる。
製造装置は、乳化機(1)、該乳化機のモーターを変速するインバータ(11)、該乳化機の負荷電流を測定する電流計(12)、該乳化機に被処理物を供給するポンプ(2)、該ポンプのスイッチ(13)、該ポンプのモーターを変速するインバータ(14)被処理物の供給槽(3)、乳化物の受液槽1(4)、乳化物の受液槽2(5)、受液槽の切替えバルブ(6)、乳化機、ポンプ等の構成機器を制御するコンピュータ(7)から構成され、さらに、該制御コンピュータには、該電流計の計測値を受ける入力部(21)と演算部(22)、該構成機器を制御する出力部(23)から構成される。
【0026】
12により計測された乳化機の負荷電流は21を介して22で演算され、定常運転時の電流値の振れ幅(Δa)を求め、入力された電流値(b)と直前の電流値(a)の差をΔaと比較して、負荷電流が急激な変化を呈したか判断する。
【0027】
負荷電流の急激な変化を検知した場合、その電流値レベルが維持された時間の計測を開始し、設定時間に達した時点で、23より、11に減速や停止指令を出力する、13に回路開放指令を出力する、14に増速や停止指令を出力する、6に切替え指令を出力する等の指令を出力するようにプログラムされている。
【0028】
また、乳化機のクリアランス変更部がアクチュエータ等を具備して、自動操作が可能な構造を有する場合は、クリアランスの変更指令を出力することも可能である。
【0029】
出力信号は上記の例の1以上を出力すればよく、選択は任意である。
【0030】
本発明の製法、及び製造装置によって得られる酸性水中油型乳化物としては、例えば日本農林規格(JAS)で定義されるドレッシング、半固体状ドレッシング、乳化液状ドレッシング、マヨネーズ、サラダドレッシング、フレンチドレッシング等が挙げられるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではなく、広くマヨネーズ類、ドレッシング類といわれるものが該当する。
【0031】
【実施例】
実施例1
図1に示す製造装置を用い、表1に示す組成の油相及び水相を次の方法に従って調製した。まず、精製塩、上白糖、グルタミン酸ナトリウム、からし粉、クエン酸を水に分散させたさせたもの(調味分散水)とリゾ比率が56%の酵素処理卵黄を攪拌翼を有するミキサーに添加し、20℃に温度調整しながら減圧下(150torr)、攪拌翼の最外周速が13m/s となる条件で10分撹拌し、混合処理を行った。次に、2%分の油相(ジグリセリド高含有油)に大豆多糖類を分散させたものをミキサーに添加し、同上の攪拌速度で3分攪拌し均一混合した。次に、攪拌周速を7m/s にし、残りの油相を攪拌しながら添加し、その後10%醸造酢を添加混合して予備乳化物を得た。次にこの予備乳化物を、コロイドミル(FRYMA社製、MZ-130型)を使用して均質化した。コロイドミルの負荷電流を測定する方法として、該ミルを取り付けているインバーター(三菱電機製、FR-A520-15.5K 型)のアナログ出力信号端子(AM端子)より電流値信号を出力させ、1Hzのサンプリング周期で制御コンピュータに電流値信号の取込みを行った。
該ミルを液流量50L/min 、クリアランス設定角度450°( 0.47mm相当) 、ローター回転数4200r/min の条件で運転を行った。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0004008796
【0033】
その際のコロイドミルの電流値の経時変化を図2に示す。定常時の該ミルの負荷電流の変動幅は0.8Aであった。この時点でのミル処理物の粘度は192Pa・sであった。運転開始約4分経過後に負荷電流値に変動が見られ、約9分経過後にはその状態が5秒間継続し、該ミルのローター回転数を3600r/min に減速した。その結果、該ミルの負荷電流の変動幅は0.6Aになった。この時点でのミル処理物の粘度は184Pa・sであり、水中油型から油中水型への相転位は認められなかった。
なお、ミル処理物の粘度は下記の条件で測定した値である。
測定条件:温度 20℃
BROOKFIELD社製DV−I型
No.6スピンドル、2r/min 、30秒後測定
【0034】
比較例1
実施例1と同様の運転を行い、該ミルの負荷電流値が変動した後も条件の変更を行わずに運転を継続した。該ミルの負荷電流値が変動した20秒後のミル処理物の粘度は142Pa・sであり、水中油型から油中水型への相転位が認められた。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、乳化機の負荷電流の測定により該乳化機内部の乳化状態を監視でき、良好な乳化物を安定して得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】酸性水中油型乳化物の製造装置の一例を示す図である。
【図2】乳化機の負荷電流の経時変化を示す図である。
【符号の説明】
1:乳化機
2:ポンプ
3:供給槽
4:受液槽1
5:受液槽2
6:切替えバルブ
7:コンピュータ
11:インバータ
12:電流計
13:スイッチ
14:インバータ
21:入力部
22:演算部
23:出力部[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for efficiently producing acidic oil-in-water emulsions such as mayonnaises.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems to be solved by the invention]
Acidic oil-in-water emulsions such as mayonnaises are usually obtained by adding an oil phase component to an aqueous phase containing egg yolk, water, vinegar, etc. as an emulsifier, followed by pre-emulsification and then finely emulsifying with an emulsifier such as a colloid mill. It is manufactured. The manufacturing conditions have also been improved from a batch system to a continuous system. In addition, various improvements have been made to the blended components, such as blending diglyceride into the oil phase component and using enzyme-treated egg yolk as an emulsifier.
[0003]
However, under the emulsification conditions set in the initial stage, there are problems that a sufficiently high viscosity emulsion cannot be obtained due to fluctuations in various physical properties of the raw material, and phase transition from an oil-in-water type to a water-in-oil type occurs. was there. In particular, when the emulsification becomes unstable due to the blending, the above problem is more likely to occur even if the conventional method is used as it is.
[0004]
As a method for detecting the phase transition, for example, there is a method using electrical conductivity (see Non-Patent Document 1). In this method, when the emulsion is oil-in-water type, a large amount of current flows. On the other hand, in the case of water-in-oil type, almost no electricity flows, and the form of the emulsion is judged. . However, in this method, particularly in the case of phase transition from an oil-in-water type to a water-in-oil type, it cannot be accurately detected to the extent that the phase transition has partially occurred. Since this part has already undergone phase transition, it is insufficient from the viewpoint of suppressing the generation of defective products.
[0005]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for efficiently producing a stable, high-viscosity acidic oil-in-water emulsion without phase transition.
[0006]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Emulsification / Solubilization Technology, Recommended by Tsuji, published by Engineering Books Co., Ltd. 64 (1976)
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, the present inventor examined means for detecting the emulsified state in the emulsifier, and installed a load ammeter in the emulsifier and measured the load current of the emulsifier over time. It has been found that before the phase transition occurs, the load current suddenly increases, and when the increase continues, phase transition occurs. Therefore, by observing the load current over time and thereby controlling the shear energy applied to the emulsion, it is possible to prevent phase rearrangement and stably produce a highly viscous acidic oil-in-water emulsion. I found it.
[0008]
That is, the present invention is a method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion in which an aqueous phase containing an acidic substance, an oil phase containing 20% by weight or more of a diglyceride, and an emulsifier are stirred in an emulsifier, and the emulsifier is provided. The load current of the emulsifier is measured with a load ammeter, the emulsified state is detected by observing the change in the load current, and the fluctuation width of the load current value is rapidly increased to more than twice that in steady operation Provides a method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion by detecting a phase transition between an oil-in-water type and a water-in-oil type when it lasts for 5 seconds or more and controlling the shear energy applied to the emulsion. To do.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is a method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion in which an aqueous phase containing an acidic substance, an oil phase and an emulsifier are stirred in an emulsifier. Here, the aqueous phase containing an acidic substance includes water; rice vinegar, sake vinegar, apple vinegar, grape vinegar, grain vinegar, synthetic vinegar and other vinegar; salt; glutamic acid soda and other seasonings; sugar and syrup and other sugars Flavors such as sake and mirin; various vitamins; organic acids such as citric acid and salts thereof; spices; juices of various vegetables or fruits such as lemon juice; xanthan gum, gellan gum, guar gum, tamarind gum, carrageenan, pectin, Polysaccharides such as tragacanth gum; starches such as potato starch; degradation products thereof; and modified starches thereof; synthetic emulsifiers such as sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, polysorbate, soy protein, milk Protein, wheat protein, etc., protein-based emulsifiers such as isolates and degradation products of these proteins, lecithin or Can contain various phosphates and the like; dairy milk and the like; natural emulsifiers of the enzymatic decomposition product and the like. In the present invention, these can be appropriately blended according to the viscosity, physical properties and the like of the target composition.
The pH of the aqueous phase is preferably 2 to 6, particularly 3 to 5, from the viewpoint of the balance between flavor and storage stability. To adjust the pH of the aqueous phase, acidulants such as vinegar, organic acids, salts of organic acids, fruit juices and the like can be used.
[0010]
The oil phase is not particularly limited as long as it is a liquid oil at room temperature, and examples thereof include soybean oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, palm oil, olive oil, and grape seed oil. It is done. In addition, in order to obtain effects such as an obesity prevention effect and a body weight suppression effect, it is preferable to use oils and fats containing 20% by weight (hereinafter simply referred to as%) of diglyceride as the oil phase.
[0011]
However, diglycerides generally tend to form water-in-oil emulsions. That is, when producing an oil-in-water emulsion containing diglyceride, it is necessary to pay attention to the phase transition from the oil-in-water type to the water-in-oil type, and it is particularly applicable to apply the production method of the present invention. preferable.
[0012]
The diglyceride used in the present invention also preferably has a low melting point. Specifically, the carbon number of the constituent fatty acid residue is preferably 8 to 24, particularly 16 to 22. The amount of unsaturated fatty acid residues is preferably 55% or more of all fatty acid residues, more preferably 70% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more. Diglyceride can be obtained by any method such as an ester exchange reaction between vegetable oil, animal oil or the like and glycerin, or an esterification reaction between fatty acid derived from the above fats and glycerin. The reaction method may be either a chemical reaction method using an alkali catalyst or the like, or a biochemical reaction method using an oil and fat hydrolase such as lipase. The diglyceride content in the oil phase is preferably 20% or more, more preferably 30% or more, and particularly preferably 35% or more from the viewpoint of effectiveness as a food for improving lipid metabolism (inhibition of neutral fat accumulation). In addition to diglycerides, the oil phase can contain monoglycerides, free fatty acids and the like. In order to stabilize the emulsion, a high melting point oil or fat, particularly an oil or fat that is solid at room temperature, may be contained in the oil phase.
[0013]
The oil phase may further contain a plant sterol having a blood cholesterol lowering effect. The combined use of diglyceride and plant sterol synergistically increases blood cholesterol lowering action, and can further enhance the usefulness as a food for improving lipid metabolism. Examples of plant sterols include α-sitosterol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, ergosterol, campesterol and the like. These fatty acid esters, ferulic acid esters and glycosides can also be used. In the present invention, one or more of these can be used. The content of plant sterol in the acidic oil-in-water emulsion is preferably 1.2 to 10%, particularly preferably 2 to 5%.
[0014]
10-80: 90-20 are preferable and, as for the weight ratio of an oil phase and an aqueous phase, 35-75: 65-25 are especially preferable.
[0015]
Egg yolk is preferable as the emulsifier, and the egg yolk may be in any form such as raw, frozen, powdered, salted, and sweetened, or may be formulated in the form of whole egg containing egg white. The content of egg yolk in the composition is preferably 5 to 20% in terms of liquid egg yolk, more preferably 7 to 17%, particularly preferably 8 to 15%, and most preferably 10 to 15% from the viewpoint of improving the flavor. preferable.
The egg yolk may be enzyme-treated egg yolk. As the enzyme used for the enzyme treatment of the egg yolk, esterase, lipase and phospholipase are preferable, lipase and phospholipase are more preferable, and phospholipase is particularly preferable. Among the phospholipases, phospholipase A, that is, phospholipase A 1 and / or A 2 is most preferable.
The enzyme treatment conditions may be appropriately selected such that the lyso ratio is 15% or more when the enzyme-treated egg yolk is used for the whole egg yolk. Specifically, when the enzyme activity is 10000 IU / mL, the enzyme addition amount is preferably 0.0001 to 0.1%, particularly preferably 0.001 to 0.01% with respect to the egg yolk, and the reaction temperature is 20 to 60. The reaction time is preferably 1 hour to 30 hours, particularly preferably 5 hours to 25 hours. When enzyme-treated egg yolk is used as part of the egg yolk, the enzyme treatment conditions may be selected so that the total lyso ratio of the enzyme-untreated egg yolk and the enzyme-treated egg yolk falls within the above range. Such an enzyme treatment is preferably performed before mixing and emulsifying each raw material.
[0016]
In the present invention, these components are pre-emulsified as necessary and then finely emulsified with an emulsifier. Examples of the emulsifier include high-pressure homogenizers such as mountain gourin and microfluidizer, ultrasonic emulsifiers, colloid mills, dispa mills, milders, and other high-speed rotary emulsifiers, and in particular, from the viewpoint of ease of control. A high speed rotary emulsifier is preferred.
[0017]
The emulsifier is equipped with a load ammeter. As the load ammeter, a general-purpose clamp wattmeter or the like can be used.
[0018]
The load current of the emulsifier is measured over time, and the emulsification state is detected by observing the change in the load current of the emulsifier. That is, the load current changes with the increase in viscosity due to the aging of the workpiece, but the change is usually gradual. The fluctuations in the load current of the emulsifier in the steady state are derived from devices such as fluctuations in the flow rate of the liquid to be processed and misalignment of the rotating part, and are substantially constant periodic fluctuations.
[0019]
When the emulsion undergoes phase transition, the resistance due to friction between the continuous phase and the dispersed phase reaches a maximum as the phase transition is approached, and the viscosity rapidly increases. After the phase transition, the viscosity decreases rapidly. Along with this, a sudden change occurs in the load current of the emulsifier. That is, when a sudden change occurs, a change occurs in the emulsified state, but when the phase transition is not reached, the change is immediately restored. This rapid change continues when phase transition (between oil-in-water type and water-in-oil type) occurs. Therefore, phase transition can be prevented by monitoring the sudden change and controlling the shear energy applied to the emulsion when the change is continued. The monitoring and the control of shear energy are preferably performed automatically by a computer.
[0020]
Here, the abrupt change in the load current means that the fluctuation range of the current value rises to 2 times or more, preferably 3 times or more that during steady operation. Moreover, the continuation of the state after the change of the current value means 5 seconds or more, preferably 10 seconds or more. If the fluctuation width of the current value rises to twice or more that in the steady operation and the state continues for 20 seconds or more, it tends to cause phase transition.
[0021]
Examples of means for controlling the shear energy applied to the emulsion include adjusting the number of revolutions of the emulsifier, adjusting the clearance, and adjusting the flow rate of the object to be processed supplied to the emulsifier. The clearance here means a gap between the rotor portion and the stator portion where the shearing energy becomes maximum in the emulsifier. Among these, from the viewpoint of ease of control, it is preferable to adjust the rotational speed of the emulsifier and to adjust the flow rate of the object to be processed. Specifically, when the state in which the fluctuation width of the current value is increased to twice or more that in the steady operation continues for 5 seconds or more, the rotational speed is decreased, the clearance is increased, or the shear energy is decreased, or Operations such as increasing the flow rate of the workpiece to be supplied to the emulsifier are performed. It should be noted that the degree of adjustment is preferably such that the current value returns to the value before the sudden change, and the state is preferably maintained after the return.
[0022]
Naturally, controlling the shearing energy includes stopping the operation of the emulsifier. Stopping the operation of the emulsifier when a phase transition is detected by fluctuations in the load current of the emulsifier is one of the useful control methods from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of defective products.
[0023]
In addition, when there are a plurality of liquid receiving tanks, switching the liquid receiving tank by detecting a phase transition is also a useful means from the viewpoint of preventing a defective product from being mixed into a non-defective product.
[0024]
Thus, by controlling the shear energy applied to the emulsion, an acidic oil-in-water emulsion having a stable viscosity can be stably and efficiently mass-produced without causing phase transition. In addition, although this method can be used in either a batch method or a continuous method, in particular, in the continuous method, fluctuations in various physical properties of the raw materials occur, which may not be preferable under the initial emulsification conditions. It is preferable to use it.
[0025]
The embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is mentioned as an example of the manufacturing apparatus used for the manufacturing method of this acidic oil-in-water emulsion.
The production apparatus includes an emulsifier (1), an inverter (11) that shifts a motor of the emulsifier, an ammeter (12) that measures a load current of the emulsifier, and a pump that supplies an object to be processed to the emulsifier ( 2) The switch (13) of the pump, the inverter (14) for shifting the motor of the pump, the supply tank (3) to be processed, the liquid receiving tank 1 (4), and the liquid receiving tank 2 for the emulsion (5) Consists of a computer (7) for controlling component devices such as a liquid-receiving tank switching valve (6), an emulsifier, a pump, and the like. A unit (21), a calculation unit (22), and an output unit (23) for controlling the constituent devices.
[0026]
The load current of the emulsifier measured by 12 is calculated at 22 through 21 to obtain the fluctuation range (Δa) of the current value during steady operation, and the input current value (b) and the previous current value (a ) Is compared with Δa to determine whether or not the load current exhibits a sudden change.
[0027]
When a sudden change in load current is detected, measurement of the time during which the current value level is maintained is started, and when the set time is reached, a deceleration or stop command is output from 23 to 11, and a circuit to 13 It is programmed to output a command such as outputting an opening command, outputting a speed increase / stop command to 14, outputting a switching command to 6, and the like.
[0028]
In addition, when the clearance changing unit of the emulsifier has an actuator and the like and has a structure that can be automatically operated, it is also possible to output a clearance change command.
[0029]
The output signal may output one or more of the above examples, and the selection is arbitrary.
[0030]
Examples of the acidic oil-in-water emulsion obtained by the production method and the production apparatus of the present invention include dressings, semi-solid dressings, emulsified liquid dressings, mayonnaise, salad dressings, French dressings and the like defined by the Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS). However, it is not particularly limited to these, and what is widely referred to as mayonnaises and dressings are applicable.
[0031]
【Example】
Example 1
Using the production apparatus shown in FIG. 1, an oil phase and an aqueous phase having the composition shown in Table 1 were prepared according to the following method. First, purified salt, sucrose, sodium glutamate, mustard powder, citric acid dispersed in water (seasoned dispersion water) and enzyme-treated egg yolk with a lyso ratio of 56% were added to a mixer having a stirring blade. The mixture was stirred for 10 minutes under the reduced pressure (150 torr) while adjusting the temperature to 20 ° C. under the condition that the outermost peripheral speed of the stirring blade was 13 m / s. Next, 2% oil phase (diglyceride-rich oil) in which soybean polysaccharide was dispersed was added to a mixer, and the mixture was stirred for 3 minutes at the same stirring speed and mixed uniformly. Next, the stirring peripheral speed was set to 7 m / s, the remaining oil phase was added with stirring, and then 10% brewed vinegar was added and mixed to obtain a preliminary emulsion. Next, this preliminary emulsion was homogenized using a colloid mill (manufactured by FRYMA, model MZ-130). As a method for measuring the load current of a colloid mill, a current value signal is output from an analog output signal terminal (AM terminal) of an inverter (Mitsubishi Electric, FR-A520-15.5K type) to which the mill is attached. The current value signal was taken into the control computer at the sampling period.
The mill was operated under the conditions of a liquid flow rate of 50 L / min, a clearance setting angle of 450 ° (equivalent to 0.47 mm), and a rotor rotational speed of 4200 r / min.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0004008796
[0033]
The change with time of the current value of the colloid mill at that time is shown in FIG. The fluctuation range of the load current of the mill at regular time was 0.8A. At this time, the viscosity of the milled product was 192 Pa · s. The load current value changed after about 4 minutes from the start of operation, and after about 9 minutes, the state continued for 5 seconds, and the rotor speed of the mill was reduced to 3600 r / min. As a result, the fluctuation range of the load current of the mill was 0.6A. The viscosity of the milled product at this point was 184 Pa · s, and no phase transition from the oil-in-water type to the water-in-oil type was observed.
In addition, the viscosity of a mill processed material is the value measured on condition of the following.
Measurement conditions: Temperature 20 ° C
BROOKFIELD DV-I type No. 6 spindles, 2r / min, measured after 30 seconds [0034]
Comparative Example 1
The same operation as in Example 1 was performed, and the operation was continued without changing the conditions even after the load current value of the mill fluctuated. The viscosity of the milled product 20 seconds after the load current value of the mill fluctuated was 142 Pa · s, and phase transition from the oil-in-water type to the water-in-oil type was observed.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, the emulsification state inside the emulsifier can be monitored by measuring the load current of the emulsifier, and a good emulsion can be stably obtained.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of an apparatus for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion.
FIG. 2 is a view showing a change with time in load current of the emulsifier.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Emulsifier 2: Pump 3: Supply tank 4: Liquid receiving tank 1
5: Liquid receiving tank 2
6: Switching valve 7: Computer 11: Inverter 12: Ammeter 13: Switch 14: Inverter 21: Input unit 22: Calculation unit 23: Output unit

Claims (3)

酸性物質を含む水相、ジグリセリドを20重量%以上含有する油相及び乳化剤を乳化機内で撹拌する酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法であって、当該乳化機に備えた負荷電流計により該乳化機の負荷電流を測定し、該負荷電流の変化の観察により乳化状態を検知し、負荷電流の電流値の振れ幅が定常運転時の2倍以上に急激に上昇した状態が5秒以上継続した場合に水中油型−油中水型間の相転位であると検知し、該乳化物に負荷する剪断エネルギーを制御することによる酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法。A method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion in which an aqueous phase containing an acidic substance, an oil phase containing 20% by weight or more of a diglyceride and an emulsifier are stirred in an emulsifier, and the emulsification is performed by a load ammeter provided in the emulsifier The load current of the machine was measured, the emulsification state was detected by observing the change of the load current, and the state in which the fluctuation value of the load current suddenly increased more than twice the steady operation continued for more than 5 seconds A method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion by detecting a phase transition between an oil-in-water type and a water-in-oil type in some cases and controlling a shear energy applied to the emulsion. 上記剪断エネルギーの制御手段が、該乳化機の回転数の調整、クリアランスの調整及び処理流量の調整から選ばれる1以上の手段である請求項1記載の酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法。  The method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion according to claim 1, wherein the shear energy control means is one or more means selected from the adjustment of the rotational speed of the emulsifier, the adjustment of the clearance, and the adjustment of the treatment flow rate. 酸性水中油型乳化物がマヨネーズ類である請求項1又は2記載の酸性水中油型乳化物の製造法。The method for producing an acidic oil-in-water emulsion according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the acidic oil-in-water emulsion is mayonnaise.
JP2002322988A 2002-11-06 2002-11-06 Method for producing acidic oil-in-water emulsion Expired - Fee Related JP4008796B2 (en)

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JP2019069426A (en) * 2017-10-11 2019-05-09 ナブテスコ株式会社 Fluid mixture producing device

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