JP4001740B2 - Repetitive propulsion device and lightweight small aircraft using the same - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a repetitive propulsion device and a lightweight small airplane using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The idea of propelling a rocket by utilizing the reaction of gas emitted from the laser, which was placed on the ground instead of propelling the rocket with chemical fuel, was proposed by Kantroitz in 1972. [Prior Art Document 1: A. Kantroitz, Astronaut, Aeronaut. 10, 74 (1972)].
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, given the size of the rocket, the development of the laser required for this will be difficult in the near future.
[0004]
In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a repetitive propulsion device capable of continuing propulsion with a simple mechanism and a lightweight small airplane using the same.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] In a repetitive propulsion apparatus, a propellant made of aluminum and a fluid laser made of glass, an acrylic plate, or droplets provided behind the propellant and having a specific gravity similar to the propellant a light transparent body, and means for irradiating the repetitive laser beam to the flowable laser light transparent body, a driving force by Abureishon generated by the laser beam acts on the flowable laser light transparent body, the driving force Providing a propulsive force as a reaction to the propelled body, when the driving force is generated, the fluid laser light transparent body is restored, and then a driving force by ablation is generated again by the laser light irradiated, It is characterized by repeating this.
[0006]
[ 2 ] In a light-weight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device, a glass plate and an acrylic plate that are provided at the rear of the metal portion of the airplane main body and at the back of the metal portion of the airplane main body and have a similar specific gravity to the propelled body made of aluminum Or a fluid laser beam transparent body composed of droplets and means for repeatedly irradiating the fluid laser beam transparent body with laser light, and the driving force by ablation generated by the laser beam is transparent to the fluid laser beam transparent body. acts on the body, said driving force as a reaction of the driving force imparted to the propellant, the flowable laser light transparent member and the driving force is generated to restore, then again Abu by laser beam irradiated It is characterized by generating a driving force by a rate and repeating this.
[0007]
[3] In the repeating propulsion device with light weight small aircraft of the above-mentioned [2], further comprising the flowable laser light transparent body to the wing of the airplane, by laser light irradiation to the flowable laser light transparent body, a flight It is characterized by enabling control.
[0008]
[ 4 ] In the lightweight small aircraft with the repetitive propulsion device according to [ 2 ], the wing of the aircraft includes a shape memory alloy, and the shape memory alloy is irradiated with laser light to control the shape of the wing, It is characterized by enabling control of flight.
[0009]
[ 5 ] In the lightweight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device according to [ 3 ] or [ 4 ], the posture and direction are controlled by alternately irradiating both wings of the wing with laser.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0011]
The present inventors have come up with the idea of accelerating small objects with a laser as a more feasible laser application. In other words, a light and small airplane (micro airplane) is accelerated by a laser. Since this aircraft does not require an engine or a control device, it is only necessary to load an observation device, so that it can be reduced in weight and size.
[0012]
A metal is affixed to the rear of the airplane. The plane is propelled by the reaction of the gas which evaporates by irradiating this with laser. By tracking with a laser, propulsion can be adjusted freely if it is irradiated at certain time intervals.
[0013]
In addition, if a similar mechanism is introduced to the wing portion, the posture and direction can be controlled by alternately irradiating both wings with laser. Furthermore, another propulsion method can be considered for the wing portion. That is, a thin shape memory alloy such as a smart structure can be used, and the shape can be controlled by applying heat with a laser to control the wing.
[0014]
In order to further increase the efficiency, it is possible to give a special structure to the portion to be evaporated. For example, the efficiency increases by an order of magnitude by coating a transparent material (such as glass or acrylic) on the metal or coating a liquid material such as water.
[0015]
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the proportional law between laser intensity I and momentum coupling coefficient Cm, and it was confirmed by computer simulation and basic experiments what kind of force the thin film can obtain by irradiating the thin film with laser. is there. The horizontal axis is the laser intensity I, and the vertical axis is the momentum coupling coefficient Cm. Where τ is the pulse width of the laser and Cm is the momentum N.C. obtained by the thin film. s (Newton × second) is normalized by laser energy MJ (megajoule).
[0016]
In FIG. 1, squares and solid lines are simulation results when only an aluminum thin film is irradiated with laser, and x, Δ, + and solid lines are simulation results when acrylic is pasted on aluminum, and the pulse width is 5 nanoseconds. To 50 nanoseconds. For the calculation, a PARCIPHAL code using the CIP-CUP method was used [Prior Art Document 2: T.R. Yabe, F .; Xiao, and T.K. Utsumi, J. et al. Comput. Phys. 169, 556 (2001)].
[0017]
The circles in FIG. 1 are the results of an aluminum plate acceleration experiment by Mr. Hopps using an LHMEL neodymium glass laser (output 70 joules, pulse width 25 to 100 nanoseconds) at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio [Prior Art Documents] 3: C.I. R. Hopps and M.M. M.M. Michaelis, Laser and Particle Beams, 12, 23 (1994)]. In addition, glass was affixed on the aluminum plate.
[0018]
In this way, the fact that the acceleration efficiency is increased by sticking a transparent substance on the aluminum plate has been proposed by many researchers including Yabe, who is the inventor of the present application, and the Cannonball effect and being called. Winterberg [Prior Art Document 4: F.R. Winterberg, Letter al Nuovo Cimento, 16, 216 (1976)], Azechi [Prior Art Document 5: H. et al. Azechi, N .; Miyanaga, S .; Sakabe, T .; Yamanaka and C.I. Yamanaka, Jpn. J. et al. Appl. Phys. 20, L477 (1981)] et al. Have named the cannonball because the outer sphere shows the effect of a cannon tube by making a hole in the outer sphere, and the inner sphere flies in the role of a cannon bullet. went.
[0019]
Yabe [Prior Art Document 6: T.A. Yabe and K.M. Niu, J .; Phys. Soc. Japan, 40, 863 (1976)] et al. Found that a transparent substance is attached to the outside, and the laser transmits the same effect to provide a similar effect. The present invention is based on Prior Art Document 6 proposed by the present inventor. The present invention further utilizes this method as an aircraft propulsion mechanism.
[0020]
〔Concrete example〕
Actually, examples of experiments using this principle are shown in FIGS. Here, a YAG laser having an output of 590 mJ and a pulse width of 5 ns was used.
[0021]
In FIG. 2, a paper airplane having a size of 38 mm × 30 mm × 5 mm and a weight of 0.1 g was used. The plane was first placed on a launch pad with a cut groove. A rectangular aluminum plate of 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 0.1 mm was attached to the rear part of the airplane. Furthermore, a 3.5 mm × 3.5 mm × 0.6 mm rectangular acrylic plate was lightly fixed on the aluminum plate with an adhesive.
[0022]
Without the acrylic board, the airplane did not move at all, but when the acrylic board was attached, it took off with a big thrust. When water droplets were added instead of the acrylic plate, as shown in FIG. 3, a light-weight small airplane having a size of 39 mm × 56 mm × 15 mm and a weight of 0.2 g could fly and land. The fact that such a thrust can be obtained with only one pulse of 590 mJ means that there is no problem in practical use.
[0023]
Figure 1 (above) is the result of this experiment, but simulations and basic experiments show that this thrust can be obtained 10,000 times with a 50 joule laser. This means that a 1 kilogram micro airplane can be driven.
[0024]
However, in the experiment of FIG. 2, since the acrylic plate flies in one pulse, it is not suitable for future repeated propulsion. The droplet of FIG. 3 is optimal for repeated propulsion.
[0025]
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the propulsion device according to the present invention.
[0026]
In this figure, the substance 1 and the substance 2 transparent to the laser are bonded, and when a laser (not shown) is irradiated between the two substances 1 and 2, the substance 2 is transparent to the laser. Therefore, a laser (not shown) incident from the right side passes through this and reaches the substance 1. At this time, according to the law of conservation of momentum,
MU = mu
Is established.
[0027]
Using this, the ratio of the kinetic energy of the substance 1 and substance 2 parts is
MU ² / mu ² = m / M
It becomes.
[0028]
Therefore, if the substance 2 is a light substance such as air, since m << M, most of the kinetic energy goes toward the substance 2 and the efficiency of accelerating the substance 1 (for example, an airplane) is poor.
[0029]
Therefore, if m and M are made equal, energy is efficiently given to the substance 1 (for example, an airplane).
[0030]
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a repetitive propulsion device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[0031]
In this figure, 11 is an aluminum body as a propelled body (metal body), 12 is a droplet as a fluid transparent body provided (attached) behind the propelled body 11, and 13 is this droplet 12. , 14 is a driving force by ablation generated by the laser light, and 15 is a propulsive force as a reaction force generated by the driving force acting on the droplet 12.
[0032]
According to this, as soon as the laser beam is irradiated and a driving force by ablation is generated, the droplet 12 as a fluid transparent body is restored, and a driving force by ablation is generated again by the next irradiated laser beam. By repeating this, continuous driving force can be obtained.
[0033]
The effect of the double structure of the propelled body 11 and the droplet 12 is also demonstrated by direct force measurement using a semiconductor load cell (Model PA-6 / 10N, manufactured by Toyoda Machine Industries, Ltd.) as shown in FIG. It was done. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a time change of a force acting on an object by laser irradiation in the case of only an aluminum thin film (B) and the case where an acrylic plate is attached thereon (A).
[0034]
In this figure, the horizontal axis represents time (μsec) and the vertical axis represents force (N). In the case of the present invention (A), a force several times that of the conventional case (B) is generated. I was able to.
[0035]
Thus, according to the present invention, as a more feasible laser application, a small object can be repeatedly promoted with laser light.
[0036]
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lightweight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[0037]
In this figure, 21 is a light-weight small airplane, 22 is a propulsion device for the light-weight small airplane 21, 23 is a laser base on the ground, and 24 is laser light emitted from the laser base 23 on the ground.
[0038]
As shown in this figure, the aircraft of the present invention does not require an engine or a control device, so that only the observation device needs to be loaded, so that the weight and size can be reduced.
[0039]
The propulsion device 22 described above is mounted on the rear portion of the airplane, and the light-emitting small airplane 21 is propelled by the reaction of the evaporated gas by irradiating the propulsion device 22 with the laser beam 24 and evaporating it. By tracking the lightweight small airplane 21 with the laser beam 24, the propulsion can be freely adjusted if it is irradiated at a certain time interval.
[0040]
In addition, if a similar mechanism is introduced to the wing portion of an airplane, the posture and direction can be controlled by alternately irradiating both wings with laser light.
[0041]
Furthermore, another propulsion method can be considered for the wing portion of the airplane. It is also possible to use a thin shape memory alloy such as a smart structure, etc., irradiate the shape memory alloy with a laser beam and apply heat to control the shape and control the wing.
[0042]
There are various cases where the lightweight small aircraft of the present invention is used.
[0043]
First of all, it is conceivable to carry observation equipment to places where humans cannot go directly, such as volcanoes and methane layers. Currently using radio controlled airplanes,
(1) Maneuvering tends to become unstable due to radio interference.
[0044]
(2) Cannot fly in the very high sky (propeller does not function).
[0045]
(3) Cannot fly far away.
Such drawbacks have been pointed out.
[0046]
In such a case, if the lightweight small airplane (laser-driven micro airplane) of the present invention is used, various measuring devices can be carried with light weight.
[0047]
In addition, it is not necessary to limit only to the drive by laser light. A normal radio control can be used to make a “hybrid type” that can be operated when it becomes impossible to steer, or by irradiating a laser beam at a very high altitude or in the distance to complement each other.
[0048]
At present, there is an attempt to fly an airship over Japan and use it for satellite communication. However, in order to float this airship in the sky, it is necessary to supply driving force. Therefore, if driving force is supplied to the airship from the ground using the present invention, it is not necessary to load fuel.
[0049]
In addition, the micro airplane of the present invention can be guided as long as a reflecting mirror is installed in a necessary place in a pipe or the like.
[0050]
Furthermore, if it becomes smaller, a micro airplane flying in the human body (for example, in the lungs) may be possible.
[0051]
In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation is possible based on the meaning of this invention, and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the above effects can be achieved.
[0053]
(A) It is possible to provide a repetitive propulsion device capable of continuing propulsion with a simple mechanism and a lightweight small airplane using the same.
[0054]
(B) It is possible to provide a light-weight small airplane that can carry the observation device to places where humans cannot go directly, such as volcanoes and methane layers.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a proportional law between laser intensity I and momentum coupling coefficient Cm.
FIG. 2 is a flight path (experimental result) diagram of an airplane in which an acrylic plate is attached on an aluminum thin film (photo taken as a substitute for time-lapse drawing using a high-speed camera).
FIG. 3 is a flight path (experimental result) diagram of an airplane with water drops on an aluminum thin film (photo taken as a substitute for time-lapse drawing with a high-speed camera).
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of the principle of the propulsion device according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a repetitive propulsion device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a time change (measured by a semiconductor load cell) of a force acting on an object by laser irradiation when only an aluminum thin film is used and when an acrylic plate is attached thereon.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a lightweight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Substance 2 Laser transparent substance 11 Aluminum body as propellant (metal body) 12 Liquid droplet as liquid transparent body 13 Laser light repeatedly irradiated 14 Driving force by ablation generated by laser light 15 Propulsion 21 Lightweight small aircraft 22 Lightweight small aircraft propulsion device 23 Ground laser base 24 Laser light emitted from the laser base

Claims (5)

(A) a propelled body made of aluminum ;
(B) A flowable laser beam transparent body made of a glass plate, an acrylic plate or a droplet, which is provided behind the propelled body and has a specific gravity similar to that of the propelled body;
(C) comprising means for repeatedly irradiating the fluid laser beam transparent body with laser beam,
(D) driving force by Abureishon generated by the laser beam acts on the flowable laser light transparent body, wherein the driving force as a reaction of the driving force imparted to the propellant, when the driving force is generated The fluid propellant transparent body is restored, a driving force by ablation is generated again by the next irradiated laser beam, and this is repeated. (A) an airplane having at least a metal part;
(B) a flowable laser beam transparent body made of a glass plate, an acrylic plate or a droplet, which is provided behind the metal portion of the airplane body and has a specific gravity similar to that of a propelled body made of aluminum ;
(C) comprising means for repeatedly irradiating the fluid laser beam transparent body with laser beam,
(D) driving force by Abureishon generated by the laser beam acts on the flowable laser light transparent body, wherein the driving force as a reaction of the driving force imparted to the propellant, when the driving force is generated A light-weight small airplane with a repetitive propulsion device, wherein the fluid laser beam transparent body is restored, and a driving force by ablation is generated again by the next irradiated laser beam, and this is repeated. In the repeating propulsion device with light weight small aircraft of claim 2, further comprising the flowable laser light transparent body to the wing of the airplane, by laser light irradiation to the flowable laser light transparent body, to allow control of flight A lightweight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device. 3. A lightweight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device according to claim 2 , wherein the wing of the aircraft is provided with a shape memory alloy, and the shape of the wing is controlled by irradiating the shape memory alloy with laser light, thereby controlling the flight. A lightweight small aircraft with a repetitive propulsion device, characterized by enabling. According to claim 3 or 4 repeat propulsion device with light weight small aircraft according, by laser irradiation alternately wings of the wing, repeated propulsion apparatus with small, lightweight aircraft and controlling the posture and direction.

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