JP3970367B2 - Pressure vessel - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a pressure vessel (pressure chamber), and more particularly to a pressure vessel having a support structure for preventing a deformation of an outer peripheral portion due to a change in internal pressure and having an elliptical cross section.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The shape of the outer wall used in a pressure vessel for high-pressure fluid used in various fields or a pressure chamber to which high pressure is applied is generally mechanically significant, so that its cross-section may be designed to be substantially circular. It is almost. The outer wall is often made of iron plate or other plate material with a thickness corresponding to the pressure resistance.
[0003]
By the way, in the case where a light weight is required especially for an application to be mounted on an aircraft in a pressure vessel, a plate material in which a honeycomb structure is sandwiched between thin plates and joined to a vessel outer wall is also used. In addition, there are many cases in which various mechanisms and pipes must be arranged within a limited volume space of the device used, the vehicle used, etc., etc. May be designed (see FIG. 5).
[0004]
FIG. 5 shows an example (symbol: 10) of a pressure vessel having such a flat cross section (substantially oval shape; S) in a cross-sectional view, and (11) indicates an outer wall, For example, a plate-like material formed by bonding and bonding metal thin plates (A, B) to the front and back surfaces of the plate-like core material (C) of the honeycomb core to which the aluminum thin plates are joined is used.
An outer peripheral wall (11) having a cross-sectional shape shown in the figure extends in the container axial direction to form a pressure container (or pressure chamber). For example, a central ellipsoidal shape in which the central cavity is divided by a suitable partition wall as a pressure chamber that communicates with other parts at the fluid input port and output port, or a cross-sectional shape that expands and contracts in a similar shape along the axial direction And used as a pressure vessel provided with a fluid inlet / outlet.
[0005]
In general, in a pressure vessel (including a pressure chamber), internal pressure changes in the course of use, and a wide range of pressure from a considerably high pressure to atmospheric pressure is applied to the inner surface of the outer wall. In particular, in the container having an elliptical cross section (S) as described above, since the projected area is not uniform, the internal pressure is not axisymmetric and has a direction according to the circumferential angle. It deforms unevenly depending on the direction. This state is shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. The longitudinal top (S1) of the flat cross section approaches and the short dimension top (S2) widens. The amount of deformation becomes significant in a pressure vessel that is reduced in weight, such as the example vessel.
[0006]
Further, as described above, the deformation of the pressure vessel having a flat cross-sectional shape generates concentrated stress at the top (S1) in the longitudinal direction of the flat cross-section, resulting in a larger force applied to the other part of the outer wall. Needless to say, the pressure vessels offered on the market are designed with a sufficient safety factor, and in most applications there is no inconvenience in terms of function and safety as a pressure vessel, but there is a special environment. There are cases where further improvements are desirable for below and special purposes.
[0007]
For example, when the pressure change is repeated very frequently and used in applications where the amount of change is relatively large, as described above, as a result of repeated concentrated stress being applied to the top (S1), it is difficult that fatigue proceeds locally locally. As a security measure, replacement is required at an early stage (short life). In addition, when the outer wall (11) of the pressure vessel is in direct contact with an external fluid due to dimensional restrictions in small vessels or the like, deformation of the outer wall (11) serving as the outer surface is not preferable in terms of hydrodynamics. In some cases.
[0008]
Also, from a different perspective, if the deformation can be suppressed, local fatigue of the material due to the concentrated stress described above can be suppressed and the service life can be extended for a longer period. A lower strength outer wall was used and could therefore be replaced by a lighter pressure vessel.
[0009]
The background in which the prevention of deformation is useful has been described above. Next, a pressure vessel equipped with a known deformation prevention structure example used to meet such demand will be described with reference to FIGS. In the illustrated structure, both gentle curved surface portions are firmly attached to a single reinforcing member in order to prevent the opposing gentle curved surfaces of the outer wall (11) from deforming in the direction away from each other due to changes in the container internal pressure. I was trying to fix it.
[0010]
FIG. 6 shows an external perspective view of the reinforcing support (40) used for preventing the deformation of the exemplary container. This reinforcing support (40) is a substantially oval shape substantially corresponding to the inner cross section (S) of the corresponding container, and a flat plate-shaped part having a constant thickness (a portion corresponding to the top (S1) in the longitudinal direction of the container cross section) 41) and a mounting wall (42) projecting by a predetermined length with a predetermined thickness on one side (front side in the figure) at the peripheral edge of the flat plate portion (41) are integrally formed. It is made of resin and has sufficient rigidity corresponding to the container operating pressure. The outer surface of the mounting wall portion (42) is substantially along the inner surface of the outer wall of the container under atmospheric pressure, and a plurality of mounting holes (43) penetrating along the center line of the protruding band are provided. ing.
[0011]
FIG. 7 (a) is a cross-sectional view of the pressure vessel (10 ') to which the reinforcing support (40) is attached. On the pressure vessel (10 ') side, a mounting portion (44) is formed in advance at a position corresponding to the mounting hole (43) of the reinforcing support in the outer wall portion in the direction of narrow cross section. That is, as shown in enlarged views in FIGS. 7 (b) and 7 (c), a mounting body (46) provided with a mounting screw hole (45) in the honeycomb core is embedded and fixed at a corresponding portion of the outer wall (11). It is.
And it is necessary by screwing and tightening into the mounting screw hole (45) of the mounting body (46) through the mounting hole (43) using the mounting bolt (47) at an appropriate position inside the pressure vessel (10 '). A number of reinforcing supports (40) are firmly fixed in the pressure vessel.
[0012]
In the pressure vessel of FIG. 7 configured as described above, if the internal pressure becomes high, the outer wall (11) is subjected to outward stress and tries to be greatly displaced and deformed particularly in the direction of the short cross section. However, the reinforcing support (41) firmly attached to the inside functions to suppress the deformation of the container. Therefore, concentrated stress is not generated at the longitudinal top portion (S1), and a reduction in life due to local fatigue can be prevented. Moreover, even if it uses for the use which an outer wall surface exposes outside and contacts a moving fluid, a shape does not change and aerodynamic performance is not impaired.
Thus, according to the exemplary structure, it is possible to extend the life by suppressing the deformation of the cross-sectional shape according to the internal pressure change seen in the container having a flat cross-sectional shape, and to further enhance the functions such as maintaining aerodynamic characteristics. Pressure vessel.
[0013]
However, the exemplified reinforcing structure has the following disadvantages. That is, the shape of the reinforcing member (40) is complicated, and the pressure vessel main body needs to be processed, so that the manufacturing cost rises and, at the same time, the strength of the pressure vessel itself is undesirably increased. Furthermore, the point that a considerable time is required for attaching the reinforcing member (40) leads to an increase in cost, which is not preferable. Further, the reinforcing member (40) is large and not suitable for weight reduction purposes.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention also suppresses the deformation due to the pressure of the flat cross-sectional shape, paying attention to the above-mentioned many advantages obtained when the deformation of the cross-sectional shape corresponding to the internal pressure change seen in the container having the flat cross-sectional shape is eliminated. In order to obtain a pressure vessel with high functionality such as a long life or light weight, which can improve aerodynamic characteristics, etc., in view of the above-mentioned difficulties that the conventional coping structure had An object of the present invention is to propose a pressure vessel having an improved deformation prevention structure which has the advantages of being simpler, cheaper and lighter by eliminating these difficulties.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a cylindrical pressure vessel in which a substantially elliptical flat cross section is held only by an outer wall forming the vessel, and extends in the major axis direction of the cross section in the internal space, and both ends thereof are elliptical cross section tops (S1). A pressure vessel comprising a straight support (20A) having a shape along the inner wall surface (11) and coupled to an engagement member ( 23, 25 ) engaged with the inner wall surface It is in.
[0016]
Further, the present invention provides a cylindrical pressure vessel in which a substantially elliptical flat cross section is held only by an outer wall forming the container, and the vertical axis of the container is located in the elliptical cross section top (S1) in the internal space. Two elongated connecting members (21, 21) engaged with the inner wall surface in a shape along the inner wall surface (11) of the elliptical cross-section top portion (S1) extending in the direction, and both the connecting members (21 , 21) are opposed to each other at their opposite ends (20a, 20a) and suspended substantially perpendicularly with respect to the connecting member (21) in the longitudinal direction of the cross section , and a plurality of them are provided at appropriate intervals in the container axis direction. There is also a pressure vessel characterized by comprising a cylindrical support (20A) .
Each of the straight supports provided in the pressure vessel of the present invention preferably has a structure provided with an urging means that expands each straight support in the extending direction and presses it against the inner wall surface.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, rods, columns, plates, etc. extending in the major axis direction of the cross section in the inner space of a cylindrical pressure vessel having a substantially elliptical flat cross section are inserted at both ends (appropriately interposing members if necessary) And a straight support that is in contact with the wall of the top of the elliptical cross section. As a result, even when the pressure inside the container increases, the straight support member resists the stress that causes the top of the elliptical cross section to approach, thereby effectively suppressing deformation of the entire container. Of course, stress concentration does not occur at the top of the elliptical cross section, and the occurrence of local fatigue that causes a shortened life can be prevented. Consideration of the end shape can prevent damage to the container. The integration of the straight support facilitates handling and assembly operations. With the biasing means, the locking is more reliable.
[0018]
[Example] The pressure vessel of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) are diagrams for explaining a pressure vessel (10A) according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 (a) is a cross-sectional view in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the pressure vessel, and FIG. ) Is an external perspective view showing a ladder body (30) formed to include the straight support (20A) according to the present invention.
[0019]
The pressure vessel (10A) of the example is formed in a sealed cylindrical body having a substantially elliptical flat cross section (S) using the honeycomb core material as described above on the outer wall (11), and the inside and outside of the vessel are formed. An inflow / outlet (not shown) for communication is provided, and a high-pressure fluid is introduced and stored in the internal space (12) during use, and is discharged as needed. At this time, the outer wall (11) is stressed by a change in pressure.
[0020]
In this pressure vessel internal space (12), there is a straight support (20A) extending in the longitudinal direction of the cross section perpendicular to the cylinder axis of the vessel and having both ends engaged with the inner wall surface of the top of the elliptical cross section (S1). The required number is provided at appropriate intervals in the pressure vessel cylinder axis direction. Each straight support (20A) is rod-shaped, and the material is metal, fiber reinforced synthetic resin, or other material with sufficient rigidity, for example, those that do not react with the contained gas body, those that have high oil resistance, etc. are accommodated in the pressure vessel. It is selected according to the characteristics and pressure resistance of the fluid to be used.
[0021]
These straight supports (20A) can obtain the necessary deformation preventing function even if they are independent from each other (detailed in later examples), but in this embodiment, the container assembly work is facilitated and the container wall portion Are integrally formed as a ladder-like reinforcing body (30).
[0022]
That is, both ends (20a) of each straight support (20A) are semi-circular cross-sections of the cross-sectional shape of different members, and are semi-circular having a cylindrical side surface along the engagement portion wall surface (that is, the elliptical cross-section top; S1). It is formed in a ladder shape with a plurality of linear supports (20A) joined together by joining (adhesion, welding, etc.) at a predetermined distance to the cylindrical connecting members (21, 21) on both the left and right sides. ing. The material of the connecting member (21) is the same as that of the straight support (20A). One reinforcing body (30; also referred to as a ladder body) may be provided in the length direction over the entire pressure vessel, but a plurality of appropriately divided reinforcing bodies (ladder bodies) may be arranged in a row. .
[0023]
A method (fixing method) for locking the ladder body (30) (and thus each of the straight supports (20A)) to the outer wall (11) and holding it in place will be described in detail. As described above, according to the present invention, each of the straight supports (20A) for preventing deformation is subjected to a large stress only in the compression direction when the internal pressure of the pressure vessel is increased. Since a large stress is not applied, the straight support (20A) can be locked by a simple mechanism.
[0024]
It is sufficient to make the longitudinal dimension of the straight support slightly larger than the inner dimension of the pressure vessel in the normal state (no pressure) and lock it by the elasticity of the outer wall. For example, the longitudinal dimension approximately matches the inner dimension. In addition, a small recess is formed at a specified position on the inner wall surface of the outer wall (11), and a corresponding protrusion (21a) is formed on the contact surface of the end of the straight support (in FIG. 1, the outer side of the connecting member (21)). It may be formed on the side surface. Or, conversely, a small protrusion may be provided at the wall surface defining position, and a slight recess corresponding to the protrusion may be provided on the end surface portion on the straight support body side to be locked by engagement of both.
[0025]
In the embodiment, the urging means (22) for expanding and contracting the linear support body in the extending direction is provided so that the locking can be performed more reliably and at the same time each part can be manufactured with low work accuracy. ). That is, the straight support is divided into two members (23, 24), which are connected by a coupling body (25) at the center. The members (23, 24) on both sides are cut with male screws that are opposite to each other at the center side, and female screws corresponding to each from both sides are screwed into the center through hole of the combined body (25). Screwed together and rotated the combined body (25) in a predetermined direction to inflate the straight support (20A) in the extending direction and press both ends to the wall surface specified position to ensure proper and reliable Can be obtained. Such a biasing means may be provided on all the straight supports, but in the embodiment in which a series of straight supports are coupled by the connecting member (21), the bias is applied to every other straight support. Means (22) are provided.
[0026]
In the pressure vessel (10A) of the embodiment having the above-described configuration, even when the internal pressure rises during use and the outer wall (11) swells and the outer wall (11) swells in the direction of narrowing the cross-section width, this force is applied to the linear support. (20A) is converted into compressive stress, deformation is suppressed, the entire deformation is suppressed to a small level, stress concentration on the top (S1) can be prevented, and fatigue due to deformation becomes more uniform in each part, and the top fatigue protrudes. The life of the container is increased and the service life is increased. This deformation prevention function itself is equivalent to the conventional one, but in particular, the reinforcing structure according to the present invention is obtained in addition to the industrially useful effect that it is much simpler, lighter and less expensive than the conventional one. It is important that
[0027]
In the present invention, a form different from the above embodiment may be adopted. 2 and 3 show another embodiment (10B) of the pressure vessel. FIG. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the vessel, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the straight support.
[0028]
In the pressure vessel (10B) shown in the figure, the outer wall of the vessel has the same flat elliptical cross section (S) as described above, and a plurality of linear supports extending in the longitudinal direction of the cross section are provided in the vessel interior (12). (20B) are engaged and arranged in a necessary number in parallel and spaced apart in the pressure vessel cylinder axis direction. Each of the straight supports (20B) is a plate and is selected from a rigid material such as metal or fiber reinforced synthetic resin according to the characteristics of the fluid contained in the pressure vessel, as in the previous embodiment.
[0029]
As shown in FIG. 3, a plate-like engaging body (23) having a semi-cylindrical surface shape along the inner wall surface of the engaging portion is attached to both ends of the straight support (20B). In this example, the straight support body adopts an urging means (22 ') in which the contact portion of the straight support body (the side part of the plate-shaped engagement body) is displaced in the extending direction within the closed curved surface. And the outer wall are properly engaged. That is, the curvature of the plate-like engagement body (23) is slightly smaller than the curvature of the wall surface of the engagement portion, and the straight support body is used even under normal pressure using the elastic force of the plate-like engagement body (23). (20B) engages with the outer wall (11) at the side portion. When the internal pressure of the container rises, the plate-like engagement body (23) is in close contact with the outer wall (11) over the entire surface and can withstand high pressure. This pressure vessel (10B) also functions in the same manner as described above, and can effectively prevent deformation of the vessel due to changes in internal pressure with a simple structure.
[0030]
In addition, the straight support can also take the structure shown in FIG. In this straight support (20C), semi-cylindrical engaging members (25, 25) are joined to both ends of the rod-like portion (24), but the rod-like portion (24) and the engaging member (25) are connected to each other. The joining angle (θ) is slightly shifted from 90 degrees and is fixed. Normally, one end of the engagement body (25) engages the outer wall (11) with a slight spring action inside the pressure vessel. In addition, when the pressure is high, the outer side surface of the engaging body (25) as a whole hits the outer wall.
[0031]
The present invention is not limited to the examples given above, and the shape and structure of the end portion and the biasing means may be appropriately combined or omitted depending on the application, and the present invention can be applied to various pressure vessels. Yes, it is possible to suppress the shape deformation of the flat pressure vessel effectively with a simple configuration. With respect to the cross-sectional shape in the present invention, the above-described effect is not only an ellipse but also a somewhat flat shape such as a rhombus.
[0032]
Since the present invention is configured so that only a compressive force is applied to the support part by supporting only the top part in the long axis direction which is always used in the flat cross-section container due to deformation at high pressure, a fixing mechanism (fastener) Therefore, the support body and its locking portion can be simplified (and thus reduced in weight) as never before.
[0033]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, in a cylindrical pressure vessel having a substantially elliptical cross section, both ends are extended in the major axis direction in the internal space and both ends are engaged with the inner wall surface of the top of the elliptical cross section. Since the straight support is provided, a pressure vessel that simplifies the support and its locking portion and prevents deformation due to a change in internal pressure is obtained at low cost and light weight, and has a great industrial effect.
[0034]
If the shape of both ends of the straight support is made to be a shape along the inner wall engaging portion, it is difficult to break. When both ends of a plurality of linear supports are coupled to two long members and prepared integrally, handling and assembling work are facilitated. Further, the one provided with the urging means for expanding and contracting the straight support member in the extending direction is more surely engaged.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view (a) showing a pressure vessel according to an embodiment of the present invention, and a perspective view (b) showing an example of a straight support according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the pressure vessel of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing another example of a straight support.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing another example of a straight support.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of an existing pressure vessel and its modification.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a known deformation preventing member.
7 is a cross-sectional view (a) of the pressure vessel to which the member of FIG. 6 is attached, and enlarged views (b) and (c) thereof.
[Explanation of symbols]
(10A, 10B)… pressure vessel,
(11)… Outer wall (inner wall surface),
(20A, 20B) ... straight support,
(21) ... long member,
(22), (22 ′)… biasing means,
(S1) ... Ellipse section top.

Claims (6)

In substantially elliptic cylindrical pressure vessel flat cross section is held only by the outer periphery wall forming the container, both ends extending in the cross-sectional longitudinal direction in the interior space, the inner wall surface of the elliptical cross-section top (S1) ( A pressure vessel comprising a straight support (20A) having a shape according to 11) and coupled to engagement members ( 23, 25 ) engaged with the inner wall surface . In a cylindrical pressure vessel in which a substantially elliptical flat cross section is held only by an outer wall forming the vessel, an elliptical cross section located in the top of the elliptical cross section (S1) in the internal space and extending in the longitudinal direction of the vessel Two elongated connecting members (21, 21) engaged with the inner wall surface in a shape along the inner wall surface (11) of the top portion (S1), and the opposing of the both connecting members (21, 21) Both ends (20a, 20a) are coupled to the position and suspended in the longitudinal direction of the cross section substantially perpendicularly to the connecting member (21), and a plurality of linear supports (20A And a pressure vessel. The pressure vessel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer wall is formed of a honeycomb core material made of an aluminum thin plate.  The urging means (22) for expanding and contracting the linear support (20A) in the extending direction and press-contacting with the inner wall surface (11) is provided on the linear support (20A). The pressure vessel according to any one of 3. Elliptical cross-section top of the engagement member or long member (S1) Inner wall (11) The pressure vessel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a curvature of a surface engaged with the pressure vessel is smaller than a curvature of the inner wall surface. The joining angle (θ) between the rod-like portion of the straight support and the engaging member is fixed slightly shifted from 90 degrees, and thus one end of the engaging member is normally attached to the outer wall. 6. A pressure vessel according to claim 1, wherein the pressure vessel is engaged with a spring action.

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