JP3970339B2 - Cell separation material - Google Patents

Cell separation material Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3970339B2
JP3970339B2 JP28890693A JP28890693A JP3970339B2 JP 3970339 B2 JP3970339 B2 JP 3970339B2 JP 28890693 A JP28890693 A JP 28890693A JP 28890693 A JP28890693 A JP 28890693A JP 3970339 B2 JP3970339 B2 JP 3970339B2
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Prior art keywords
cells
stimulus
separation material
substance
cell separation
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JP28890693A
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JPH07135957A (en
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誠人 大西
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Cellseed Inc
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Cellseed Inc
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/50Conditioning of the sorbent material or stationary liquid
    • G01N30/52Physical parameters
    • G01N30/54Temperature

Description

【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質と刺激応答性高分子とを利用した新規な細胞分離用材料及び分離システムに関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
近年、細胞工学や遺伝子工学等の発展に伴い、細胞や遺伝子を利用した細胞治療や遺伝子治療の研究が盛んとなっており、目的とした細胞や生体物質を損傷させることなく分離する技術が重要となっている。また、バイオテクノジーの発展により、生物工学的手法によるペプチド、蛋白質、糖蛋白質類といった生理活性分子の生産が行われるようになってきており、細胞やバイオプロダクツの簡便で損傷の少ない分離精製技術が望まれている。
【0003】
従来より化学工業分野で使用されている吸着・分配・蒸留・析出といった分離・精製の単位操作では、熱や有機溶媒の添加などにより、被精製物質に対して大幅な環境変化を強いるため、前述の細胞やバイオプロダクツの分離には適していないことが多い。
【0004】
細胞やバイオプロダクツの分離方法として、体積(分子量)や密度による方法(沈降速度法、密度勾配遠心法、ゲル濾過法など)、電場中での移動度の差による方法(電気泳動など)、等電点による方法(焦点電気泳動など)、2液相間への分配による方法(2層分配法、分配クロマトクラフィー)、固相への吸着性の差による方法(吸着クロマトグラフィー、アフィニティークロマトグラフィー)などが知られている。
【0005】
これらの分離方法の多くは、物理化学的性状が大きく異なる細胞成分の分離には適用できるものの、物理化学的性状が良く似た成分や細胞、例えばリンパ球亜集団の分離などには適用が困難であった。この中で標的物質に対する選択性の高い方法は、アフィニティークロマトグラフィーであり、近年広く利用されるようになってきている。細胞を対象とするアフィニティークロマトグラフィートとしては、標的細胞の表層に存在する膜蛋白等に対するモノクローナル抗体を結合したビーズやシャーレを用いた分離方法が報告されており、本方法による各種リンパ球の亜集団分離も報告されている(例えば、ジャーナル・オブ・イミュノロジカル・メソッド、第54号、251ページ、1983年に記載されているブラウンらの研究報告)。この抗体を用いた方法は、特異性が極めて高いことで利点であるが、欠点として、吸着した細胞の脱着が困難なこと、抗体が細胞表層の抗原に結合するための時間(接触時間)を長くする必要があること、その結果、非特異的な吸着が増加することなどがあった。
【0006】
前述の欠点を改良した方法としては、アビジン−ビオチンのような親和性の高い結合を利用して、短時間で分離材料に吸着させる方法が国際出願(WO91/16116)で提案されている。すなわち、ビオチンで標識した抗体を予め時間をかけて標的細胞に結合させた後、アビジンを結合した分離材料に吸着させることにより、短時間で効率良く標的細胞を分離できることとなる。しかしながら、この方法では、標的細胞の回収が、物理的振動によりアビジン−ビオチン結合を解離することにより行われているため、ビーズ同士の衝突による細胞の損傷や機能低下が免れない。
【0007】
細胞機能を損なわないように回収する方法としては、特開平2−211865号に記載された水に対する上限または下限臨界溶解温度が0〜80℃にあるポリマーもしくはコポリマーで表面を被覆した細胞培養基材が報告されている。この方法は、温度により疎水性−親水性と相転移する温度応答性高分子を利用したものであり、温度応答性高分子が疎水性で収縮した状態の時に細胞を吸着させた後、温度を変化させ、親水性となって膨潤するときに吸着した細胞を脱着させる方法である。この方法の欠点は、細胞に対する特異性が低いため、種々の細胞が存在する液体から特定の細胞を回収することができないことである。特に、マクロファージ、白血球、リンパ球などの多くは、曲率の小さい表面に吸着することがしられており、フィルターや不織布形状に加工したこの分離材料を用いて、特定のリンパ球などを選択的に回収することは不可能であった。
【0008】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、本発明は、標的物質に対する高い特異性を有し細胞を簡便に回収できる分離用材料及び分離システムを提供することを目的とする。
【0009】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記発明の目的は以下のアフィニティー分離材料並びに分離方法によって達成される。
【0010】
(1)標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質を結合した刺激応答性高分子鎖と非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子鎖とを表面に担持させたことを特徴とする分離用材料。
(2)標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質を結合した刺激応答性高分子鎖と非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子鎖とを表面に担持させた分離用材料を用いて、標的物質を該分離材料に結合させた後、刺激応答性高分子の高次構造を変化させることにより、標的物質を該分離材料より脱離させることを特徴とする分離方法。
【0011】
本発明において、標的物質は特に限定されないが、機能維持が重要であり分離が困難な細胞、例えば、上皮系細胞、肝実質細胞、膵ラ島細胞、マクロファージ、単核球、NK細胞(CD56+)、血液幹細胞などの未分化細胞(CD34+)、Bリンパ球、Tリンパ球、及びそのサブセット(CD4+、CD8+、CD19+、CD71+、IL2R+など)、腫瘍細胞などを好適に例示できる。標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質とは、抗原−抗体、酵素−基質(阻害剤)、細胞表層のレセプターとの反応などの生体の制御機構で見られる特異的親和性を例示できる。
【0012】
刺激応答性高分子とは、熱、PH、電位、光などにより高次構造が変化して、水溶液中で膨潤したり収縮する高分子であればよい。例えば、水に対する上限臨界温度または下限臨界温度を有し、温度変化に応答して、膨潤−収縮する高分子を好適に例示できる。そのような高分子としては、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドやN、N−ジエチルアクリルアミド、N−イソプロピルメタアクリルアミドなどのアクリルアミドやメタアクリルアミドの誘導体類をはじめ、ビニルメチルエーテルなどのビニルエーテル類などのポリマーやコポリマーを例示できる。
【0013】
光応答性の場合は、例えば、アゾベンゼン基を有する吸水性高分子のように光異性化をおこす高分子、トリフェニルメタンロイコハイドロオキシドのビニル誘導体とアクリルアミド系単量体との共重合体のように光イオン解離する感応基を有する吸水性高分子、スピロベンゾピランを含むN−イソプロピルアクリルアミドゲルのように疎水性相互作用が光変化する高分子などを用いることができる。
【0014】
標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質の刺激応答性高分子への結合は、公知の化学反応を用いた方法で達成できるが、両者の結合の間に、スペーサーや2種以上の化合物よりなる結合が存在していてもよい。そのような結合としては、生理的条件で高い親和性を有するビオチン−アビジン、ビオチン−ストレプトアビジン、リボフラビン−リボフラビン結合蛋白などの組み合わせを好適に例示できる。ビオチン−アビジンの組み合わせは、ビオチン標識抗体などが市販されており容易に入手できるため、容易にアビジンを導入した刺激応答性高分子鎖に結合させることができる。
【0015】
標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質を結合した刺激応答性高分子鎖を材料表面に担持させる方法は、公知の方法でかまわない。例えば、官能基を有する単量体を共重合した刺激応答性高分子を合成した後、該官能基を利用して、直接あるいは縮合剤や架橋剤を用いて材料表面に担持したり、標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質を結合したりすることができる。また、電子線・オゾン・γ線・プラズマなどを利用したグラフト法により官能基を有する単量体を共重合した刺激応答性グラフト鎖を形成させた後、標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質を結合させてもかまわない。疎水性高分子とのブロックコポリマーとして、基材表面にコーティングして担持してもよい。非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子鎖とを表面に担持させる方法についても、同様に公知の方法を適用することができる。好ましくは、刺激応答性高分子鎖が分岐や架橋が少ない直鎖状の高分子として存在している方が、分子の構造変化が大きくなるため望ましい。
【0016】
分離材料の形態は、特に限定されず、プレート状、シャーレ状、繊維状、不織布状、多孔質膜、多孔質フィルター、ビーズなどを例示でき、それぞれの形態にあったカラムなりモジュールに収納されて使用されてもかまわない。また、その基材となる材質についても水に対して非溶解性であれば特に限定されず、ポリオレフィン、ハロゲン化ポリオレフィン、ポリウレタン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、綿、ポリスチレン、及びそれらの変性物や共重合体など、既存の材料を例示することができる。
【0017】
分離材料に吸着した標的物質の回収は、温度等の刺激により刺激応答性高分子の高次構造を急速に変化せしめることによりおこなう。標的物質に結合した特異的親和性を有する物質は、刺激応答性高分子鎖の収縮に伴って分離材内部側に移動するものと推定され、標的物質から解離することとなる。標的物質と刺激応答性高分子の間に2種以上の化合物よりなる弱い結合が存在する場合、その結合を解離することによって、標的物質を脱離させてもかまわない。回収率の向上などを目的として、必要に応じて物理的な方法や化学的な方法を併用してもかまわない。
【0018】
本発明の分離材料は、刺激応答性高分子が緩衝液、培養液、血液、血漿などで膨潤した状態で標的物質を特異的に吸着させた後、温度等を変化させて刺激応答性高分子鎖を急速に収縮させて、標的物質を分離材料より脱離させる方法であるから、細胞やタンパク質などの非特異的吸着を抑制できることとなる。また、非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子が共存しているため、刺激応答性高分子鎖が収縮した状態においても、解離した標的物質の材料表面への再吸着などが起こりにくくなる。さらに、非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子は、刺激応答性高分子鎖が収縮する際に、吸着した細胞等の標的物質が収縮する高分子鎖に伴って移動するのを妨げることとなり、脱離を促進するものと考えられる。
【0019】
以上のように、本発明の分離材料は、標的物質に対する特異的親和性を有するリガンドと刺激応答性高分子とを有しているため、標的物質を選択的に吸着し、刺激応答性高分子の高次構造変化により、該標的物質を簡便に脱離できる分離材料や分離システムとなる。
【0020】
【実施例】
(実施例1)
標的物質としてCD34+細胞を設定し、標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質としてCD34に対する抗体、刺激応答性高分子としてポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)を用いて分離用吸着材料を作製し、CD34+細胞の分離を行った。
【0021】
主鎖にパ−オキサイド基を有するポリブチルメタクリレートを重合開始剤として、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドとメタクリル酸とを重合させ、ブチルメタクリレートを疎水性ドメイン、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドとメタクリル酸との共重合体(モル比22:1)を温度応答性ドメインとするブロック共重合体を合成した。また、非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子としてポリ(N、N−ジメチルアクリルアミド)を選定し、主鎖にパーオキサイド基を有するポリブチルメタクリレートを重合開始剤として、N、N−ジメチルアクリルアミドを重合し、疎水性ドメインとしてポリ(ブチルメタクリレート)、水溶性ドメインとしてポリ(N、N−ジメチルアクリルアミド)を有するブロックコポリマーを合成した。これらの2種類のブロック共重合体を、1:1の割合でクロロホルム−エタノール(9:1)混合溶媒に溶解し、プラズマ放電処理した厚さ100μのポリエステル不織布にコーティングした。続いて、この不織布をφ25mmに打ち抜いて容器に入れ、5mg/mlの1−エチル−3−(ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(シグマ社製)溶液を20ml(pH5.5)シャーレに注入し、5分間室温で放置した。続いて、CD34抗体の10mg/ml溶液を1ml添加し、室温で1時間時々撹拌しながら放置した。さらに、グリシンを最終濃度で0.2モルとなるように添加して1時間放置した後、リン酸バッファ−(PBS)でリンスすることにより本発明の分離材料を得た。
【0022】
この分離用不織布を5枚積層してφ25mmのフィルターホルダーにセットして、骨髄のバフィーコートより1%アルブミン添加PBSで洗浄して調整した白血球液(1×106 /ml)を、定量ポンプで0.5ml/minで流した。吸着した細胞の溶出は、温度を35℃に上昇させ、1%アルブミンを添加したPBSを流すことで行った。その結果、純度97%、回収率53%でCD34+細胞を回収することができた。
【0023】
(実施例2)
標的物質としてCD4+細胞を設定し、標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質としてCD4に対する抗体、刺激応答性高分子としてポリ(N−イソプロピルアクリルアミド)を選定して、分離用吸着材料を作製し、CD4+細胞の分離を行った。
【0024】
主鎖にパ−オキサイド基を有するポリブチルメタクリレートを重合開始剤として、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドとメタクリル酸とを重合させ、ブチルメタクリレートを疎水性ドメイン、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドとメタクリル酸との共重合体(モル比22:1)を温度応答性ドメインとするブロック共重合体を合成した。また、非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子としてポリ(N、N−ジメチルアクリルアミド)を選定し、主鎖にパーオキサイド基を有するポリブチルメタクリレートを重合開始剤として、N、N−ジメチルアクリルアミドを重合し、疎水性ドメインとしポリ(ブチルメタクリレート)、水溶性ドメインとしてポリ(N、N−ジメチルアクリルアミド)を有するブロックコポリマ−を合成した。これらの2種類のブロック共重合体を、1:1の割合で、クロロホルム−エタノール(9:1)の混合溶媒に溶解し、プラズマ放電処理した厚さ100μのポリエステル不織布にコーティングした。続いて、この不織布をφ25に打ち抜いて容器に入れ、5mg/mlの1−エチル−3−(ジメチルアミノプロピル)カルボジイミド(シグマ社製)溶液を50ml(pH5.5)シャーレに注入し、5分間室温で放置した。続いて、アビジンの10mg/ml溶液を2ml添加し、室温で1時間時々撹拌しながら放置した。さらに、グリシンを最終濃度で0.2モルとなるように添加して1時間放置した後、リン酸バッファー(PBS)でリンスした。このアビジン固定化不織布は、PBS中で4℃で保存した。CD4+細胞とアビジンに特異的に吸着する物質として、ビオチン標識したCD4抗体を購入(イムノテック)し、アビジン固定化不織布にPBS中でインキュベートすることにより結合させ、本発明の分離材料を得た。
【0025】
この分離用不織布を5枚積層してφ25mmのフィルターホルダーにセットして、人新鮮血のバフィーコートより採取し1%アルブミンを添加したPBSで洗浄して調整した白血球液(1×105 /ml)を25℃で10ml流すことにより分離用不織布に吸着させた。吸着した細胞の溶出は、温度を35℃に上昇させ、1%アルブミンを添加したPBSを流すことで行った。その結果、純度97%、回収率61%でCD4+細胞を回収することができた。
【0026】
【発明の効果】
本発明の分離材料や分離方法は、標的物質を選択的に吸着する物質を使用して標的物質を吸着しているため、標的物質への高い選択性が得られることとなる。また、標的物質の変性や機能変化が少ない状態で、外部刺激(環境変化)により簡便に脱離させて回収することが可能となる。その結果、従来困難であった血球系細胞や機能細胞の詳細な分離が容易にできるため、特殊な細胞を分離して、必要により増殖・機能変換させて再び生体内に戻す細胞治療や遺伝子治療に有効な分離技術等として効果を発揮することとなる。また、本分離材料や分離方法は、標的物質を各種のバイオプロダクツ、生体関連物質や化学物質とすることで、バイオ産業、医薬品産業、化学工業から診断・治療などの医療分野に至るまで、広範に利用できる技術となる。
[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a novel cell separation material and separation system using a substance having specific affinity for a target substance and a stimulus-responsive polymer.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, with the development of cell engineering and genetic engineering, cell therapy and gene therapy research using cells and genes has been actively conducted, and the technology to separate target cells and biological materials without damaging them is important It has become. In addition, with the development of biotechnology, bioactive molecules such as peptides, proteins, and glycoproteins have been produced using biotechnological methods, and simple and less damaging and purification technologies for cells and bioproducts have been developed. It is desired.
[0003]
The unit operations for separation and purification such as adsorption, distribution, distillation, and precipitation that have been used in the chemical industry in the past have forced significant changes in the environment to be purified due to the addition of heat or organic solvent. Often not suitable for the isolation of cells and bioproducts.
[0004]
Methods for separating cells and bioproducts include volume (molecular weight) and density methods (sedimentation rate method, density gradient centrifugation, gel filtration method, etc.), differences in mobility in an electric field (electrophoresis, etc.), etc. Methods using electrical points (focusing electrophoresis, etc.), methods using partitioning between two liquid phases (two-layer partitioning method, partitioning chromatography), methods using differences in adsorptivity to solid phase (adsorption chromatography, affinity chromatography) ) Etc. are known.
[0005]
Many of these separation methods can be applied to the separation of cellular components that differ greatly in physicochemical properties, but are difficult to apply to the separation of components and cells with similar physicochemical properties, such as lymphocyte subpopulations. Met. Among them, a method having high selectivity for a target substance is affinity chromatography, which has been widely used in recent years. As affinity chromatography for cells, separation methods using beads and petri dishes to which monoclonal antibodies against membrane proteins existing on the surface of target cells are bound have been reported. Subpopulations of various lymphocytes by this method Separation has also been reported (for example, Brown et al.'S research report described in Journal of Immunological Methods, 54, 251, 1983). This method using an antibody is advantageous because of its extremely high specificity, but as a disadvantage, it is difficult to desorb the adsorbed cells, and the time for the antibody to bind to the antigen on the cell surface (contact time) is reduced. There was a need to lengthen, and as a result, non-specific adsorption increased.
[0006]
As a method for improving the above-mentioned drawbacks, a method of adsorbing to a separation material in a short time using a high affinity bond such as avidin-biotin has been proposed in an international application (WO91 / 16116). That is, after the antibody labeled with biotin is preliminarily bound to the target cells over time, the target cells can be efficiently separated in a short time by adsorbing to the separation material bound with avidin. However, in this method, since the recovery of the target cell is performed by dissociating the avidin-biotin bond by physical vibration, cell damage and functional deterioration due to collision between beads are inevitable.
[0007]
As a method for recovering so as not to impair cell function, a cell culture substrate whose surface is coated with a polymer or copolymer having an upper or lower critical dissolution temperature in water of 0 to 80 ° C. described in JP-A-2-21865 Has been reported. This method uses a temperature-responsive polymer that transitions from hydrophobic to hydrophilic depending on the temperature. After the cell is adsorbed when the temperature-responsive polymer is hydrophobic and contracted, the temperature is adjusted. It is a method of desorbing the adsorbed cells when they change and become hydrophilic and swell. The disadvantage of this method is that specific cells cannot be recovered from the liquid in which various cells are present due to the low specificity for the cells. In particular, many of macrophages, leukocytes, lymphocytes, etc. are adsorbed on the surface with a small curvature, and using this separation material processed into a filter or non-woven fabric shape, specific lymphocytes etc. are selectively used. It was impossible to recover.
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a separation material and a separation system that have high specificity for a target substance and can easily recover cells.
[0009]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the invention is achieved by the following affinity separation material and separation method.
[0010]
(1) A separation material characterized in that a stimulus-responsive polymer chain bound with a substance having specific affinity for a target substance and a non-stimulus-responsive water-soluble polymer chain are supported on the surface. .
(2) Using a separation material in which a stimulus-responsive polymer chain bound with a substance having specific affinity for a target substance and a non-stimulus-responsive water-soluble polymer chain are supported on the surface, A separation method characterized in that after binding a substance to the separation material, the target substance is desorbed from the separation material by changing the higher order structure of the stimulus-responsive polymer.
[0011]
In the present invention, the target substance is not particularly limited. However, cells whose function maintenance is important and difficult to separate, such as epithelial cells, hepatocytes, pancreatic islet cells, macrophages, monocytes, NK cells (CD56 + ), Undifferentiated cells such as blood stem cells (CD34 + ), B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and subsets thereof (CD4 + , CD8 + , CD19 + , CD71 + , IL2R + etc.), tumor cells, etc. it can. The substance having specific affinity for the target substance can be exemplified by specific affinity found in biological control mechanisms such as reaction with antigen-antibody, enzyme-substrate (inhibitor), and cell surface receptor. .
[0012]
The stimulus-responsive polymer may be any polymer that swells or contracts in an aqueous solution due to a change in the higher-order structure caused by heat, PH, electric potential, light, or the like. For example, a polymer having an upper critical temperature or lower critical temperature with respect to water and swelling and shrinking in response to a temperature change can be preferably exemplified. Examples of such polymers include polymers and copolymers such as N-isopropylacrylamide, N, N-diethylacrylamide, N-isopropylmethacrylamide and other acrylamides and methacrylamide derivatives, and vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether. It can be illustrated.
[0013]
In the case of photoresponsiveness, for example, a polymer that undergoes photoisomerization such as a water-absorbing polymer having an azobenzene group, or a copolymer of a vinyl derivative of triphenylmethane leuco hydroxide and an acrylamide monomer. For example, a water-absorbing polymer having a sensitive group capable of photoion dissociation, and a polymer in which hydrophobic interaction is photochanged, such as N-isopropylacrylamide gel containing spirobenzopyran, can be used.
[0014]
Binding of a substance having specific affinity for a target substance to a stimulus-responsive polymer can be achieved by a method using a known chemical reaction, but a spacer or two or more compounds are bonded between the two. There may be a bond consisting of: As such a bond, a combination of biotin-avidin, biotin-streptavidin, riboflavin-riboflavin binding protein and the like having high affinity under physiological conditions can be preferably exemplified. The biotin-avidin combination is commercially available, such as a biotin-labeled antibody, and can be easily bound to a stimulus-responsive polymer chain into which avidin has been introduced.
[0015]
A known method may be used as a method for supporting a stimulus-responsive polymer chain bonded with a substance having specific affinity for a target substance on the surface of the material. For example, after synthesizing a stimuli-responsive polymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer having a functional group, the functional group is used to support the target substance directly or using a condensing agent or a crosslinking agent. A substance having a specific affinity for can be bound. In addition, after forming a stimuli-responsive graft chain by copolymerizing monomers with functional groups by grafting using electron beam, ozone, γ-ray, plasma, etc., specific affinity for the target substance is obtained. You may combine the substance which has. As a block copolymer with a hydrophobic polymer, the substrate surface may be coated and supported. Similarly, a known method can be applied to a method for supporting a non-stimulus responsive water-soluble polymer chain on the surface. Preferably, the stimuli-responsive polymer chain is present as a linear polymer with few branches and crosslinks because the structural change of the molecule is large.
[0016]
The form of the separation material is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a plate shape, a petri dish shape, a fiber shape, a nonwoven fabric shape, a porous membrane, a porous filter, a bead, and the like. It may be used. The material used as the base material is not particularly limited as long as it is insoluble in water. Polyolefin, halogenated polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester, cotton, polystyrene, and their modified products and copolymers For example, existing materials can be exemplified.
[0017]
Recovery of the target substance adsorbed on the separation material is performed by rapidly changing the higher-order structure of the stimulus-responsive polymer by stimulation such as temperature. A substance having specific affinity bound to the target substance is presumed to move to the inside of the separation material as the stimulus-responsive polymer chain contracts, and dissociates from the target substance. In the case where a weak bond composed of two or more compounds exists between the target substance and the stimulus-responsive polymer, the target substance may be released by dissociating the bond. For the purpose of improving the recovery rate, a physical method or a chemical method may be used in combination as necessary.
[0018]
The separation material of the present invention is a stimulus-responsive polymer that is prepared by specifically adsorbing a target substance in a state where the stimulus-responsive polymer is swollen with a buffer solution, a culture solution, blood, plasma, or the like, and then changing the temperature or the like. Since this method is a method in which the chain is rapidly contracted and the target substance is desorbed from the separation material, nonspecific adsorption of cells, proteins and the like can be suppressed. In addition, since the non-stimulus responsive water-soluble polymer coexists, even when the stimulus responsive polymer chain is contracted, resorption of the dissociated target substance to the material surface is difficult to occur. Furthermore, the non-stimulus responsive water-soluble polymer prevents the target substance such as an adsorbed cell from moving along with the contracting polymer chain when the stimulus responsive polymer chain contracts, and the desorption is not performed. It is thought to promote separation.
[0019]
As described above, since the separation material of the present invention has a ligand having specific affinity for a target substance and a stimulus-responsive polymer, the target substance is selectively adsorbed and the stimulus-responsive polymer is selected. As a result of this higher order structural change, a separation material or separation system can be obtained that can easily desorb the target substance.
[0020]
【Example】
Example 1
A CD34 + cell is set as a target substance, and an adsorption material for separation is prepared using an antibody against CD34 as a substance having specific affinity for the target substance and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) as a stimulus-responsive polymer. CD34 + cells were isolated.
[0021]
Polybutyl methacrylate having a peroxide group in the main chain as a polymerization initiator, N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid are polymerized, butyl methacrylate is a hydrophobic domain, and a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid ( A block copolymer having a temperature-responsive domain with a molar ratio of 22: 1) was synthesized. In addition, poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) is selected as a non-stimulus responsive water-soluble polymer, and N, N-dimethylacrylamide is polymerized using polybutyl methacrylate having a peroxide group in the main chain as a polymerization initiator. Then, a block copolymer having poly (butyl methacrylate) as a hydrophobic domain and poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) as a water-soluble domain was synthesized. These two types of block copolymers were dissolved in a chloroform-ethanol (9: 1) mixed solvent at a ratio of 1: 1, and coated on a 100 μm thick polyester nonwoven fabric subjected to plasma discharge treatment. Subsequently, this non-woven fabric was punched out into a diameter of 25 mm and placed in a container, and a 5 mg / ml 1-ethyl-3- (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (Sigma) solution was poured into a 20 ml (pH 5.5) petri dish for 5 minutes. Left at room temperature. Subsequently, 1 ml of a 10 mg / ml solution of CD34 antibody was added and left at room temperature with occasional stirring for 1 hour. Further, glycine was added to a final concentration of 0.2 mol and allowed to stand for 1 hour, followed by rinsing with a phosphate buffer (PBS) to obtain the separation material of the present invention.
[0022]
5 sheets of this non-woven fabric for separation were stacked and set in a filter holder with a diameter of 25 mm, and leukocyte fluid (1 × 10 6 / ml) prepared by washing with 1% albumin-added PBS from the buffy coat of bone marrow was prepared with a metering pump. The flow was 0.5 ml / min. The adsorbed cells were eluted by raising the temperature to 35 ° C. and flowing PBS with 1% albumin added. As a result, CD34 + cells could be recovered with a purity of 97% and a recovery rate of 53%.
[0023]
(Example 2)
Set CD4 + cells as the target substance, select an antibody against CD4 as the substance having specific affinity for the target substance, and select poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) as the stimulus-responsive polymer, And CD4 + cells were isolated.
[0024]
Polybutyl methacrylate having a peroxide group in the main chain as a polymerization initiator, N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid are polymerized, butyl methacrylate is a hydrophobic domain, and a copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide and methacrylic acid ( A block copolymer having a temperature-responsive domain with a molar ratio of 22: 1) was synthesized. In addition, poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) is selected as a non-stimulus responsive water-soluble polymer, and N, N-dimethylacrylamide is polymerized using polybutyl methacrylate having a peroxide group in the main chain as a polymerization initiator. Then, a block copolymer having poly (butyl methacrylate) as a hydrophobic domain and poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) as a water-soluble domain was synthesized. These two types of block copolymers were dissolved in a chloroform-ethanol (9: 1) mixed solvent at a ratio of 1: 1 and coated on a 100 μm thick polyester nonwoven fabric that had been plasma-discharge treated. Subsequently, this non-woven fabric is punched out into a diameter of 25 and placed in a container. A 5 mg / ml 1-ethyl-3- (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (Sigma) solution is poured into a 50 ml petri dish (pH 5.5) for 5 minutes. Left at room temperature. Subsequently, 2 ml of a 10 mg / ml solution of avidin was added and left at room temperature with occasional stirring for 1 hour. Further, glycine was added to a final concentration of 0.2 mol and left for 1 hour, and then rinsed with a phosphate buffer (PBS). This avidin-immobilized nonwoven fabric was stored at 4 ° C. in PBS. As a substance that specifically adsorbs to CD4 + cells and avidin, a CD4 antibody labeled with biotin was purchased (Immunotech) and bound to avidin-immobilized nonwoven fabric by incubation in PBS to obtain the separation material of the present invention .
[0025]
5 sheets of this non-woven fabric for separation were placed on a filter holder of φ25 mm, collected from a buffy coat of fresh human blood, washed with PBS supplemented with 1% albumin and adjusted for leukocyte fluid (1 × 10 5 / ml ) Was allowed to adsorb to the nonwoven fabric for separation by flowing 10 ml at 25 ° C. The adsorbed cells were eluted by raising the temperature to 35 ° C. and flowing PBS with 1% albumin added. As a result, CD4 + cells could be recovered with a purity of 97% and a recovery rate of 61%.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
Since the separation material and the separation method of the present invention adsorb the target substance using the substance that selectively adsorbs the target substance, high selectivity to the target substance can be obtained. In addition, the target substance can be easily detached and recovered by external stimulation (environmental change) in a state where the target substance is not denatured or changed in function. As a result, blood cells and functional cells, which were difficult in the past, can be easily separated in detail, so that cell therapy and gene therapy can be performed by isolating special cells, and if necessary, proliferating and functionally converting them back into the living body. It will be effective as an effective separation technique. In addition, this separation material and separation method can be used in a wide range of applications from bio-industry, pharmaceutical industry, chemical industry to medical field such as diagnosis and treatment by using various bio products, bio-related substances and chemical substances as target substances. Technology that can be used for

Claims (4)

標的物質に対して特異的親和性を有する物質を結合した熱により高次構造が変化し、水溶液中で膨潤したり収縮する、アクリルアミド誘導体、メタクリルアミド誘導体、ビニルエーテル誘導体のいずれか一つ、もしくは複数の化合物からなる刺激応答性高分子鎖と標準物質を付着しない非刺激応答性の水溶性高分子鎖とを少なくとも表面に担持させたことを特徴とする細胞分離材料。 One or more of acrylamide derivatives, methacrylamide derivatives, vinyl ether derivatives that change in higher-order structure due to heat bound with a substance having specific affinity for the target substance and swell or shrink in aqueous solution A cell separation material characterized in that a stimulus-responsive polymer chain comprising the above compound and a non-stimulus-responsive water-soluble polymer chain not adhering to a standard substance are supported on at least the surface. 刺激応答性高分子鎖が、N−イソプロピルアクリルアミドの重合体である、請求項1記載の細胞分離材料。  The cell separation material according to claim 1, wherein the stimulus-responsive polymer chain is a polymer of N-isopropylacrylamide. 特異的親和性を有する物質が、抗原−抗体反応、酵素−基質反応、酵素−阻害剤反応、細胞表層のレセプターとの反応のいずれか1つ、もしくは複数の反応による特異的親和性によるものである、請求項1、2いずれかThe substance having specific affinity is due to specific affinity due to one or more of antigen-antibody reaction, enzyme-substrate reaction, enzyme-inhibitor reaction, reaction with receptor on cell surface layer, or multiple reactions. Any one of claims 1 and 2 11 項記載の細胞分離材料。The cell separation material according to Item. 標的物質が、上皮系細胞、肝実質細胞、膵ラ島細胞、マクロファージ、単核球、CD56  Target substances are epithelial cells, hepatocytes, pancreatic islet cells, macrophages, monocytes, CD56 ++ 表面抗原を有するNK細胞、CD34NK cells with surface antigen, CD34 ++ 表面抗原を有する血液幹細胞、Bリンパ球、Tリンパ球、少なくともCD4Blood stem cells with surface antigens, B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, at least CD4 ++ 、CD8, CD8 ++ 、CD19, CD19 ++ 、CD71, CD71 ++ 、IL2R, IL2R ++ のいずれかを有するBリンパ球サブセット、少なくともCD4B lymphocyte subsets with at least CD4 ++ 、CD8, CD8 ++ 、CD19, CD19 ++ 、CD71, CD71 ++ 、IL2R, IL2R ++ のいずれかを有するTリンパ球サブセットのいずれか、もしくは2種以上の細胞の混合物である、請求項1〜3いずれか1項記載の細胞分離材料。The cell separation material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is any one of T lymphocyte subsets having any of the above, or a mixture of two or more types of cells.
JP28890693A 1993-11-18 1993-11-18 Cell separation material Expired - Fee Related JP3970339B2 (en)

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JP2006158305A (en) * 2004-12-08 2006-06-22 National Institute Of Advanced Industrial & Technology Adsorbent for separating cell, adsorbent module for separating cell and method for separating cell
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