JP3964927B2 - Information storage medium, information recording method and apparatus, and information reproducing apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an improvement in the data structure when recording video information on an information storage medium capable of recording video information in the form of digital information and reproducing the digital information to extract the video information. The present invention also relates to an improvement of an information storage medium having an improved data structure. When video information is recorded on the information storage medium, digital video compressed based on the MPEG standard is often recorded. The present invention also relates to an information recording / reproducing apparatus for recording the video information on the information storage medium and an improvement of the information reproducing apparatus for reproducing the video information from the information storage medium.

  In recent years, a system for playing back optical discs that record video (moving images), audio, etc. has been developed, and it has become widespread for the purpose of playing movie software, karaoke, etc. such as LD (laser disc) or video CD (video compact disc). ing.

  Among them, a DVD (Digital Versatile Disc) standard that uses an internationally standardized MPEG2 (Moving Picture Expert Group) system and adopts an audio compression system such as AC-3 (Digital Audio Compression) has been proposed. The DVD standard includes a reproduction-only DVD video (or DVD-ROM), a write-once DVD-R, and a repetitive read / write DVD-RAM (or DVD-RW).

  According to the MPEG2 system layer, the DVD video (DVD-ROM) standard supports MPEG-3 as a moving image compression system and AC-3 audio and MPEG audio as a sound recording system in addition to linear PCM. Further, this DVD video standard is configured by adding sub-picture data obtained by run-length compression of bitmap data for subtitles and playback control control data (navigation data) such as fast-forward / rewind data search. The standard also supports ISO 9660 and UDF bridge formats so that data can be read by a computer.

  An optical disk used for DVD video (DVD-ROM) is currently a single-layer 12 cm disk with a storage capacity of approximately 4.7 GB (gigabytes). The single-sided two-layer has a storage capacity of about 9.5 GB, and the double-sided two-layer can record a large capacity of about 18 GB (when a laser having a wavelength of 650 nm is used for reading).

  On the other hand, the optical disk used for DVD-RAM (DVD-RW) is a 12 cm disk and has a storage capacity of about 2.6 GB (gigabytes) on one side and a capacity of 5.2 GB on both sides. The DVD-RAM optical disk currently in practical use has a smaller storage capacity than the corresponding size DVD-ROM disk.

  FIG. 37 shows a directory structure of information (data file) recorded on an information storage medium in a reproduction-only DVD video (DVD-ROM). Similar to the hierarchical file structure adopted by the general-purpose operating system of a computer, a subdirectory of the video title set VTS and a subdirectory of the audio title set ATS are connected under the root directory. Various video files (files such as VMGI, VMGM, VTSI, VTSM, and VTS) are arranged in the sub-directory of the video title set VTS so that each file is managed in an orderly manner. A specific file (for example, a specific VTS) can be accessed by specifying a path from the root directory to the file.

  That is, the root directory of the DVD video disc includes a subdirectory called a video title set (VTS). This subdirectory includes various management data files (VIDEO_TS.IFO, VTS_01_0.IFO), backup files (VIDEO_TS.BUP, VTS_01_0.BUP) for backing up information of these management data files, and descriptions of the management data files. And a video data file (VTS — 01 — 1.VOB) for storing digital video information.

  The subdirectory may further include a menu data file (VMGM, VTSM) for storing predetermined menu information.

  A DVD video disc is composed of one video manager (VMG) and at least one video title set (VTS). The video manager (VMG) is composed of control data (VMGI), VMG menu VOBS (VMGM_VOBS) and backup control data (VMGI_BUP), and each data is individually recorded as a single file on the information storage medium. The

  As shown in FIG. 37, each DVD video disc has a different video title set [in FIG. 37, “video title set (VTS) # 1” and “video title set (VTS) # 2”]. It is necessary to record the files separately. Further, control data (VTSI), VTS menu VOBS (VTSM_VOBS), and backup control data (VMGI_BUP) are individually included in the same video title set [eg, “Video Title Set (VTS) # 1”]. The video data for titles (VTS — 01_1.VOB and VTS — 01 — 2.VOB) in the VTS are recorded as separate files.

  A DVD-RAM disk employs UDF (Universal Disk Format) instead of FAT (File Allocation Table) as a file system. A detailed description of the UDF will be described later. UDF enables a hierarchical structure of files as in FAT, and data is recorded on an information storage medium in units of individual files. Conventionally, both UDF and FAT are filled with data to be recorded, and there is no “unrecorded area” in the same file as in the present invention.

  The above contents will be described in detail with an example. For example, when a sentence is created by word processor software (Ichitaro, Word, Amipro, etc.) running on a PC, the created sentence is recorded as one file on the information storage medium. One file is all filled with text information. Even if a “space area” or “continuous enter mark portion” where no text is written in the middle portion of the created text continues for a long time, “space information” or “enter” is also included in the saved file. “Information” is clogged, and there is no “total unrecorded area” in the file.

  If the user reads the document file and deletes the central part of the sentence and then saves the data, the saved information does not define an “unrecorded area”, and before and after the part deleted by the user Are recorded on the information storage medium as a file that is packed and connected. As a result, the file size of the file recorded on the information storage medium is reduced by the amount of data deleted by the user.

  In addition, in application software that operates on a general PC, a file read from an information storage medium for editing is transferred as it is onto a buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on the PC, and the edited data is temporarily stored on the PC. Stored in a buffer memory (semiconductor memory). When the user issues a “file save” instruction, the edited data stored in the buffer memory (semiconductor memory) on the PC is overwritten on the information storage medium as the entire file. As described above, in the conventional file system such as FAT or UDF, when the file data is changed, all the data in the file is changed at once by overwriting, and only a part of the data in the file is not changed as in the present invention. .

  Examples of video information reproduction using PGC (program chain) in a DVD video disc are shown in FIGS. As shown in FIG. 38A, playback data is designated as a cell in a playback section from cell A to cell F, and PGC information is defined in each PGC as shown in FIG.

1. PGC # 1 shows an example composed of cells in which continuous playback sections are designated, and the playback order is cell A → cell B → cell C.
It becomes.

2. PGC # 2 shows an example composed of cells that specify intermittent playback intervals, and the playback order is cell D → cell E → cell F.
It becomes.

3. PGC # 3 shows an example in which playback is possible regardless of playback direction or overlap playback, and the playback order is cell E → cell A → cell D → cell B → cell E.
It becomes.

In this way, a plurality of different PGCs can be defined to indicate different display orders for the same cell. In addition, in a DVD video disc, not all cell information is necessarily displayed by one PGC because of the freedom of PGC setting.
JP-A-11-238318 (prior application)

  The data structure of the video information recorded on the reproduction-only DVD video disc has been described above. Development of an information storage medium capable of recording / reproducing video information using a DVD-RAM disc or a DVD-RW disc as one form of the DVD family is currently in progress.

The video information recording format on the recordable / reproducible information storage medium is desired to have continuity and relevance with the data structure of the DVD video disk. The file system for DVD-RAM discs or DVD-RW discs employs UDF as well as playback-only DVD video discs. When the data structure of the DVD video disc described above is used as it is as a data structure in a recordable (recordable) information storage medium, and the conventional UDF (or FAT) as described above is used as a file system,
1. Since control data and video data are distributed and recorded in a plurality of files, if one file is mistakenly erased, the error location is not known until the erased file is reproduced during reproduction. That is, there is no risk of the user erasing the file on the read-only DVD video disk, but there is a risk of erroneous erasure of the file by the user on the recordable / erasable information storage medium.

2. Control data and video data are distributed and recorded in multiple files, and the data structure has the same hierarchical structure as computer data. For general home users who are not familiar with computers, there are erasure and recording locations. It's hard to understand. In other words, for general household users who have only known a VTR as a medium on which video can be recorded, a question arises as to where the video is recorded or erased, which location is in one tape. If the recording / deleting process result is directly displayed to the user, the user is confused.

  As shown in FIG. 37, since a DVD video disc is recorded separately for each video title set, a plurality of video title sets (VTS # 1 and VTS # 2 in FIG. 37) are information storage media. If it is recorded above, the user who knows only the VTR will not know in which order to play it.

3. In the method in which a general home user selects a specific cell corresponding to PGC for recorded information, confusion tends to occur depending on the user. In other words, for general home users who only know a VTR as a medium capable of recording video, the idea of “where in the tape is the location where the video is recorded or erased” comes first. Some users have difficulty understanding the concept of cell selection by PGC in a DVD-Video disc for playback only.

4). Since there is no unrecorded area in the data file recorded by conventional UDF or FAT, when partial deletion processing of specific data in the file or additional recording processing of a small amount of video information is performed, data before and after the partial deletion location It is necessary to change the size of the entire data file each time, such as adding information to the end of existing data, adding information to the end of existing data, and rerecording the changed data file on the information storage medium. It takes a long time.

Since the conventional UDF or FAT does not have an unrecorded area in the file,
(A) Changing the erase location to an unrecorded area when partially erasing data in the file,
(B) Record additional data in an unrecorded area in the file without changing the overall file size.
The file size must be changed every time partial deletion or data addition is performed.

  As a result, it is necessary to re-record the entire file on the information storage medium. In the case of a video file in which video information is recorded, the size of one video file exceeds a few hundred megabytes. When a very large number of files exceeding several hundred megabytes are re-recorded on the information storage medium each time for a slight change, there is a problem that it takes a long time to change the file contents.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an information storage medium, an information recording apparatus and method, and a reproducing apparatus that make file management easier.

In order to achieve the above object, in an information storage medium capable of recording a management file including video file and recording / playback video management data and file system information, a video object including video information is recorded in the video file. The video file recorded on the information storage medium is composed of extents that are continuous and includes video information. The video object can be distributed and arranged at a plurality of locations for each extent, and continuous AV addresses are set in the video file, and the pre-recording / re-video management data is described by the AV address. Including
A logical block number is set in the logical block, and the file system information includes a file entry and a file identifier descriptor in which a recording position of the video file is described, and the file entry includes an allocation descriptor. The AV address order is set in accordance with the description order of the allocation descriptor in the file entry, and the allocation descriptor includes length information and position information of the extent, and in the allocation descriptor, The location information of the extent is specified by the logical block number, and a long allocation indicating the recording position of the file entry to which the file identifier descriptor corresponds. Comprises Deployment descriptor, the long allocation descriptor is seen contains position information and length information of the extent about the file entry and the descriptor tag containing the file Identifier descriptor identification information described as 257 It is based on having .

  According to the present invention, file management can be facilitated and access to the file can be performed accurately.

  First, the data structure of video information recorded in the information storage medium of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. An external view of the information storage medium of the present invention is shown in FIG. As a schematic data structure of information recorded on the information storage medium (optical disc 1001), as shown in FIG. 1B, a lead-in area 1002, volume & file manager information 1003, in order from the inner peripheral side 1006, , There is a data area 1004 and a lead-out area 1005.

  The lead-in area 1002 has an embossed data zone whose light reflecting surface has an uneven shape, a mirror zone having a flat surface (mirror surface), and a rewritable data zone in which information can be rewritten.

  In the volume & file manager information 1003, information on the file of audio and video data or the entire volume is recorded in a rewritable data zone that can be recorded and rewritten by the user.

  The data area 1004 has a rewritable data zone that can be recorded and rewritten by the user. The lead-out area 1005 includes a rewritable data zone in which information can be rewritten.

  The embossed data zone of the lead-in area 1002 includes information indicating a disk type such as DVD-ROM / -RAM / -R, disk size, recording density, etc., and a physical sector number indicating a recording start / recording end position. Information on the entire information storage medium, information on recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics such as recording power and recording pulse width, erasing power, reproducing power, linear velocity at the time of recording / erasing, and information such as manufacturing number Information relating to the production of the medium is recorded in advance.

  The rewritable data zone of the lead-in area 1002 and the rewritable data zone of the lead-out area 1005 are a unique disk name recording area, a test recording area (for checking recording erasure conditions), and a data area for each information storage medium, respectively. A management information recording area relating to a defective area in the area 1004 is recorded, and information can be recorded in the area by the information recording / reproducing apparatus.

  In the data area 1004 sandwiched between the lead-in area 1002 and the lead-out area 1005, as shown in FIG. 1C, mixed recording of computer data and audio & video data is possible. The recording order of computer data and audio & video data and the size of each recording information are arbitrary. The locations where the computer data is recorded are called computer data areas 1008 and 1010, and the area where the audio & video data is recorded It is named a video data area 1009.

  As shown in FIG. 1D, the data structure of information recorded in the audio & video data area 1009 is control information 1011 which is control information necessary for recording (recording), playback, editing, and search processing. A video object 1012 that is recording information of the content (content) of the video data, and a picture object that is information such as a still image such as a still or a slide, or a thumbnail for searching or editing a desired location in the video data (thumbnail picture). 1013 and an audio object 1014 which is recording information of contents (contents) of audio data.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1E, the content of the control information 1011 manages the data structure in the video object 1012, and AV data that is management information of information relating to the recording position on the optical disc 1001 that is an information storage medium. Control information 1101, playback control information 1021 which is control information necessary for reproduction, recording control information 1022 which is control information necessary for recording (recording / recording), and edit control information which is control information necessary for editing 1023 and a thumbnail picture control information which is management information related to a thumbnail for searching or editing a desired place in the video data (thumbnail picture). Has a 024 or the like.

  Also, the data structure of the AV data control information 1101 shown in FIG. 1 (e) is PGC control information 1103 that is information related to the video information reproduction program (sequence), and a cell that is information related to the data structure of the video information basic unit. It consists of time control information 1104 and the like.

  The content up to FIG. 1 (f) is as described above, but some explanation will be supplemented below for each piece of information. The volume & file manager information 1003 records information on the entire volume, information on the number of PC data files, the number of AV data files, recording layer information, and the like. In particular, as the recording layer information, the number of constituent layers (e.g., one RAM / ROM two-layer disk counts as two layers, one ROM two-layer disk counts as two layers, and one single-sided disk counts as n layers) is allocated for each layer. Logical sector number range table (capacity for each layer), characteristics for each layer (eg, DVD-RAM disk, RAM section of RAM / ROM dual layer disk, CD-ROM, CD-R, etc.), RAM for each layer Allocation logical sector number range table by zone in area (including rewritable area capacity information for each layer), unique ID information for each layer (to discover disk replacement in multiple disk packs), etc. Is recorded, and consecutive logical sector numbers are assigned to multiple disk packs and RAM / ROM dual-layer disks. So that the treated as one large volume space with.

  In the playback control info 1021, information related to a playback sequence in which PGC is integrated and information indicating a pseudo recording position in which the information storage medium is regarded as one tape like VTR or DVC in relation to the above (recorded information) A sequence for continuously playing all cells), information on simultaneous playback of multiple screens having different video information, search information (cell ID corresponding to each search category and a table of start times in the cell are recorded, Information that enables direct access to the video information by selecting a category) is recorded.

  In the recording control information 1022, program reservation recording information and the like are recorded. Further, in the edit control information 1023, special edit information (corresponding time setting information and special edit contents are described as EDL information) for each PGC unit, file conversion information (a specific part in the AV file is stored on a PC such as an AVI file). The file is converted into a file that can be specially edited in the file, and the location for storing the converted file is specified).

  FIG. 2 shows a directory structure having only one video file in one information storage medium in the present invention. The recording / playback video data itself of the video object 1012 shown in FIG. 1 is RWVIDEO_OBJECT. It is recorded in the only video file with the file name VOB.

  The recording / playback video management data of the control information 1011 in FIG. 1 is the file name RWVIDEO_CONTROL. IFO and its backup file RWVIDEO_CONTROL. Recorded in BUP. The picture object 1013 information in FIG. 1 is divided into still image data and thumbnail image data, and RWPICTURE_OBJECT. POB and RWTHUMBNAIL_OBJECT. Each is recorded in a POB file. Also, the audio object 1014 in FIG. 1 is RWAAUDIO_OBJECT. It is recorded in a file named AOB.

  Each file related to the DVD video disc as shown in FIG. 37 is not shown, but is recorded under the sub-directory of the video title set VIDEO_TS in FIG. 2, and RWVIDEO_CONTROL. In accordance with information of IFO (recording / playback video management data), RWVIDEO_OBJECT. A link with VOB (recording / playback video data) is attached, and seamless continuous playback between the two is possible.

  FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of another embodiment of the present invention, in which video data, still image data, thumbnail data, and audio data are all recorded together in one file (RWOBJECT.OB). In FIG. 3, all data for recording / playback is recorded in one file, but recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) in which management information such as playback procedure is recorded is recorded as a separate file. Has been.

  FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a further embodiment of the present invention, and all files including management data are recorded as one file (rewritable audio video file RWAFILE.DAT) as compared with FIG. In this case, the file is not located under a specific subdirectory, but is located immediately below the root directory.

  Next, the relationship between a video object (VOB) and a cell (Cell) will be described with reference to FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, each cell 84 includes one or more video object units (VOBU) 85. Each video object unit 85 is an aggregate (pack string) of video packs (V packs) 88, sub-picture packs (SP packs) 90, and audio packs (A packs) 91 starting from the VOBU first pack 86. It is configured as. That is, the video object unit VOBU 85 is defined as a collection of all packs recorded from one navigation pack 86 to immediately before the next navigation pack 86.

  These packs are a minimum unit when performing data transfer processing. The minimum unit for logical processing is a cell unit, and the logical processing is performed in this cell unit.

  The playback time of the video object unit VOBU85 corresponds to the playback time of video data composed of one or more video groups (group of pictures; GOP for short) included in the video object unit VOBU85, and the playback time is 0. It is determined within the range of 4 seconds to 1.2 seconds. 1 GOP is screen data compressed in such a way as to reproduce approximately 15 images during the period of about 0.5 seconds in the MPEG standard.

  When the video object unit VOBU 85 includes video data, a GOP (MPEG standard compliant) composed of a video pack 88, a sub-picture pack 90, and an audio pack 91 is arranged to form a video data stream. However, regardless of the number of GOPs, the video object unit VOBU 85 is determined based on the GOP playback time, and the VOBU head pack 86 is always arranged at the head thereof as shown in FIG.

  Even in the reproduction data of only audio and / or sub-picture data, the reproduction data is configured with the video object unit VOBU85 as one unit. For example, when the video object unit VOBU 85 is composed of only the audio pack 91 with the VOBU head pack 86 as the head, as in the case of the video object VOB 83 of the video data, within the playback time of the video object unit VOBU 85 to which the audio data belongs. The audio pack 91 to be played is stored in the video object unit VOBU85.

  By the way, in the information recording / reproducing apparatus capable of recording the video title set VTS including the video object set VOBS 82 having the structure as shown in FIG. In order to respond to this request, a dummy pack 89 can be inserted into each VOBU 85 as appropriate. This dummy pack 89 can be used when recording editing data later.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the video object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 82 is defined as a set of one or more video objects (VOB) 83. The video object VOB 83 in the video object set VOBS 82 is used for the same purpose.

  The menu VOBS 82 is usually composed of one VOB 83, in which a plurality of menu screen display data are stored. On the other hand, the VOBS 82 for title set is usually composed of a plurality of VOBs 83.

  Here, the VOB 83 constituting the video object set VTSTT_VOBS 82 for the title set can be considered to correspond to video data of performance of a certain band, for example. In this case, by designating VOB 83, it is possible to reproduce, for example, the third piece of the concert performance piece of the band.

  The VOB 83 constituting the menu video object set VTSM_VOBS stores the menu data of all the concert performance songs of the band, and a specific song, for example, an encore performance song can be reproduced according to the display of the menu. .

  In a normal video program, one VOB 83 can constitute one VOBS 82. In this case, one video stream is completed with one VOB 83.

  On the other hand, for example, in the case of an animation collection of a plurality of stories or an omnibus movie, a plurality of video streams (a plurality of program chains PGC) can be provided in one VOBS 82 corresponding to each story. In this case, each video stream is stored in the corresponding VOB 83. At this time, the audio stream and sub-picture stream associated with each video stream are also completed in each VOB 83.

  An identification number (IDN # i; i = 0 to i) is assigned to the VOB 83, and the VOB 83 can be specified by this identification number. The VOB 83 is composed of one or a plurality of cells 84. A normal video stream is composed of a plurality of cells, but a menu video stream may be composed of one cell 84. Each cell 84 is assigned an identification number (C_IDN # j) as in the case of the VOB 83.

  Next, the data structure in the playback control information 1021 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. The data structure in the playback control information 1021 shown in FIG. 1 has the data structure shown in the program chain (PGC) control information 1103 in FIG. 6, and the playback order is determined by the PGC and the cell.

  PGC indicates a unit for executing a series of reproductions in which the reproduction order of cells is designated. The cell indicates a playback section in which playback data is designated by a start address and an end address. Program chain (PGC) control information 1103 includes PGC information management information 1052, one or more search pointers of PGC information 1053 and 1054, and PGC information 1055, 1056, and 1057.

  The PGC information management information 1052 includes information indicating the number of PGCs (number of PGC information). Search pointer of PGC information 1053 and 1054 point to the head of each PGC information, and facilitate search.

  The PGC information 1055, 1056, and 1057 includes PGC general information 1061 and one or more search pointer of cell time information 1062 and 1063.

  The PGC general information 1061 includes information indicating the reproduction time of the PGC and the number of cells (number of search pointer of cell time information).

  Search pointer of cell time information 1062 and 1063 indicate the recording position of the cell time information. Here, the data structure in the cell time information where the recording position is shown has the structure shown in FIG. 1 (h), FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 (details will be described later).

  An example of video information reproduction using PGC in a conventional DVD video will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 38A, playback data is designated as a cell in a playback section from cell A to cell F, and PGC information is defined in each PGC as shown in FIG.

1. PGC # 1 shows an example composed of cells in which continuous playback sections are designated, and the playback order is cell A → cell B → cell C.
It becomes.

2. PGC # 2 shows an example composed of cells that specify intermittent playback intervals, and the playback order is cell D → cell E → cell F.
It becomes.

3. PGC # 3 shows an example in which playback is possible regardless of playback direction or overlap playback, and the playback order is as follows: cell E → cell A → cell D → cell B → cell E
It becomes.

  In the conventional example, it is not always necessary to continuously reproduce all video information (all cells) with one PGC. Since video information is already recorded in the DVD video, there is no sense of incongruity for the user even if the playback method as shown in FIG. However, the user records video information in the video file of the present invention that can be recorded by the user. For a user who is familiar with the VTR, in the case of the playback method as shown in FIG.

On the other hand, in the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the playback order is defined by one PGC so that all video information in the video file is continuously played back. On the information storage medium, as shown in FIG. 9A, the VOBs are sequentially VOB_IDN # 1 → VOB_IDN # 3 → VOB_IDN # 2 from the inner circumference side.
In response to this, the cell is changed from the inner side to the cell A → cell B → cell C → cell F → cell G → cell D → cell E.
And are arranged in order. On the other hand, in the PGC showing the order of continuously reproducing all the cells shown in FIG. 9B, cell A → cell B → cell C → cell D → cell E → cell F → cell G
Play in the order.

  FIG. 10 shows an information reproducing apparatus or information recording / reproducing apparatus structure for the information storage medium having the video file shown in FIG. 2 or FIG.

  In general, the information reproducing apparatus or information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 rotates and drives an optical disc 1001, which is an information storage medium having a video file, and executes information reading / writing on the optical disc 1001. The reproducing unit 32 includes an encoder unit 50 constituting the recording side, a decoder unit 60 constituting the reproducing side, and a microcomputer block 30 that controls the operation of the apparatus main body.

  The encoder unit 50 includes an ADC (analog / digital converter) 52, a video encoder (V encoder) 53, an audio encoder (A encoder) 54, a sub-picture encoder (SP encoder) 55, a formatter 56, and a buffer memory. 57.

  The ADC 52 receives an external analog video signal + external analog audio signal from the AV input unit 42 or an analog TV signal + analog audio signal from the TV tuner 44. The ADC 52 digitizes the input analog video signal with, for example, a sampling frequency of 13.5 MHz and a quantization bit number of 8 bits. That is, the luminance component Y, the color difference component Cr (or YR), and the color difference component Cb (or YB) are each quantized with 8 bits.

  Similarly, the ADC 52 digitizes the input analog audio signal with, for example, a sampling frequency of 48 kHz and a quantization bit number of 16 bits.

  When an analog video signal and a digital audio signal are input to the ADC 52, the ADC 52 allows the digital audio signal to pass through. The content of the digital audio signal is not altered, and processing for reducing only the jitter associated with the digital signal or processing for changing the sampling rate and the number of quantization bits may be performed.

  On the other hand, when a digital video signal and a digital audio signal are input to the ADC 52, the ADC 52 allows the digital video signal and the digital audio signal to pass through. For these digital signals, jitter reduction processing, sampling rate change processing, and the like may be performed without changing the contents.

  A digital video signal component from the ADC 52 is sent to a formatter 56 via a video encoder (V encoder) 53. The digital audio signal component from the ADC 52 is sent to the formatter 56 via the audio encoder (A encoder) 54.

  The V encoder 53 has a function of converting an input digital video signal into a digital signal compressed at a variable bit rate based on the MPEG2 or MPEG1 standard.

  The A encoder 54 has a function of converting the input digital audio signal into a digital signal (or linear PCM digital signal) compressed at a fixed bit rate based on the MPEG or AC-3 standard.

  When video information is input from the AV input unit 42 (for example, a signal from a DVD video player with an independent output terminal of a sub video signal) or a DVD video signal having such a data structure is broadcast and received by the TV tuner 44 In this case, the sub video signal component (sub video pack) in the DVD video signal is input to the sub video encoder (SP encoder) 55. The sub-picture data input to the SP encoder 55 is arranged in a predetermined signal form and sent to the formatter 56.

  The formatter 56 performs predetermined signal processing on the input video signal, audio signal, sub-picture signal, etc. while using the buffer memory 57 as a work area, and has the format (file structure) as described in FIG. The recording data matching the above is output to the data processor 36.

  Here, a standard encoding process for creating the recording data will be briefly described. That is, when the encoding process is started in the encoder unit 50 of FIG. 10, parameters necessary for encoding video (main video) data and audio data are set. Next, the main video data is pre-encoded using the set parameters, and the optimal code amount distribution is calculated for the set average transfer rate (recording rate). Based on the code amount distribution obtained by the pre-encoding in this way, the main video is encoded. At this time, audio data is also encoded at the same time.

  As a result of pre-encoding, if the amount of data compression is insufficient (when the desired video program does not fit in the information storage medium to be recorded), if there is an opportunity to pre-encode again (for example, the recording source is videotape or If it is a reproducible source such as a video disc, the main video data is partially re-encoded and the re-encoded main video data is replaced with the previously pre-encoded main video data portion. . By such a series of processing, main video data and audio data are encoded, and the average bit rate value required for recording is greatly reduced.

  Similarly, parameters necessary for encoding the sub-picture data are set, and the encoded sub-picture data is created.

  The main video data, audio data, and sub-video data encoded as described above are combined and converted into the structure of the video title set VTS described above.

  That is, a cell as a minimum unit of main video data (video data) is set, and cell time information as shown in FIGS. 7 to 8 is created as will be described later. Next, the configuration of the cells constituting the program chain as shown in FIG. 9, the attributes of the main video, the sub video, and the audio are set (part of these attribute information was obtained when each data was encoded) Information is used), recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) including various information is created.

  The encoded main video data, audio data, and sub-video data are subdivided into packs of a certain size (2048 bytes) as shown in FIG. A dummy pack is appropriately inserted into these packs. Note that time stamps such as PTS (presentation time stamp) and DTS (decode time stamp) are appropriately described in packs other than dummy packs. For the sub-picture PTS, a time arbitrarily delayed from the PTS of the main picture data or audio data in the same reproduction time zone can be described.

  Then, each data cell is arranged while arranging the navigation pack 86 at the head of each VOBU 85 so that the data can be reproduced in the time code order, and a VOB 83 composed of a plurality of cells as shown in FIG. Composed. A VOBS 82 in which one or more VOBs 83 are collected is recorded on the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) in FIG.

  When the DVD playback signal is digitally copied from the DVD video player, the contents of the cell, the program chain, the management table, the time stamp, and the like are determined from the beginning, and it is not necessary to create them again. However, in order to configure a DVD video recorder so that a DVD playback signal can be digitally copied, an electronic watermark or other copyright protection means must be provided.

  A disk drive unit that executes reading and writing (recording and / or playback) of information with respect to an information storage medium (optical disk 1001) includes a disk changer unit 100, an information recording / reproducing unit 32, a temporary storage unit 34, and a data processor. 36 and a system time counter (or system time clock; STC) 38.

  The temporary storage unit 34 buffers a certain amount of data (data output from the encoder unit 50) written to the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) via the information recording / reproducing unit 32, and records and reproduces information. This is used to buffer a certain amount of data (data input to the decoder unit 60) reproduced from the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) via the unit 32.

  For example, when the temporary storage unit 34 is composed of a 4 Mbyte semiconductor memory (DRAM), it is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for approximately 8 seconds at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps. Further, when the temporary storage unit 34 is composed of a 16 Mbyte EEPROM (flash memory), it is possible to buffer the recording or reproduction data of about 30 seconds at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps. Furthermore, when the temporary storage unit 34 is composed of a 100 Mbyte ultra-small HDD (hard disk), it is possible to buffer recording or reproduction data for 3 minutes or more at an average recording rate of 4 Mbps.

  The temporary storage unit 34 temporarily stores recording information until the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) is replaced with a new disk when the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) is used up during recording. Available.

  In addition, when the high-speed drive (double speed or higher) is adopted as the information recording / reproducing unit 32, the temporary storage unit 34 also temporarily stores data read out excessively from the normal drive within a certain time. Available. If the read data at the time of reproduction is buffered in the temporary storage unit 34, even if an optical pickup (not shown) causes a read error due to vibration shock or the like, the reproduction data buffered in the temporary storage unit 34 is switched and used. As a result, it is possible to prevent the playback video from being interrupted.

  Although not shown in FIG. 10, the EEPROM can be sold as an optional IC card if an external card slot is provided in the information reproducing apparatus or information recording / reproducing apparatus. Further, if the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus is provided with an external drive slot or a SCSI interface, the HDD can be sold as an optional expansion drive.

  The data processor 36 shown in FIG. 10 supplies the DVD recording data from the encoder unit 50 to the disk drive 32 according to the control of the microcomputer block 30 and the DVD reproduction signal reproduced from the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) as information. The information is taken out from the recording / reproducing unit 32, the management information recorded on the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) is rewritten, or the data (file or VTS) recorded on the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) is deleted.

  The microcomputer block 30 includes an MPU (or CPU), a ROM in which a control program and the like are written, and a RAM that provides a work area necessary for executing the program.

  The MPU of the microcomputer block 30 uses the RAM as a work area according to a control program stored in the ROM, and detects a defect location, unrecorded area detection, recording information recording position setting, UDF recording, AV address, which will be described later. Execute settings and so on.

  The contents to be notified to the user of the information recording / reproducing apparatus among the execution results of the MPU are displayed on the display unit 48 of the DVD video recorder or displayed on the monitor display by an on-screen display (OSD).

  The timing at which the microcomputer block 30 controls the disc changer unit 100, the information recording / reproducing unit 32, the data processor 36, the encoder unit 50 and / or the decoder unit 60 is executed based on the time data from the STC 38. Can do. The recording / playback operation is normally executed in synchronization with the time clock from the STC 38, but other processing may be executed at a timing independent of the STC 38.

  The decoder unit 60 includes a separator 62 that separates and extracts each pack from video information having a pack structure as shown in FIG. 5, a memory 63 that is used when performing pack separation and other signal processing, and a main unit separated by the separator 62. A video decoder (V decoder) 64 that decodes video data (contents of the video pack 88 in FIG. 5), and a sub-video decoder that decodes sub-video data (contents of the sub-video pack 90 in FIG. 5) separated by the separator 62 (SP decoder) 65, an audio decoder (A decoder) 68 for decoding the audio data (the contents of the audio pack 91 in FIG. 5) separated by the separator 62, and video data from the V decoder 64 Sub-picture data is combined as appropriate, and menus, highlight buttons, subtitles, etc. are added to the main video. A video processor 66 that superimposes and outputs video, a video / digital / analog converter (V / DAC) 67 that converts a digital video output from the video processor 66 into an analog video signal, and a digital audio output from the A decoder 68. An audio / digital / analog converter (A / DAC) 67 for converting into an analog audio signal is provided.

  The analog video signal from the V • DAC 67 and the analog audio signal from the A • DAC 67 are supplied to an external component (2-channel to 6-channel multi-channel stereo apparatus + monitor TV or projector) via the AV output unit 46. Is done.

  The OSD data output from the microcomputer block 30 is input to the separator 62 of the decoder unit 60, passes through the V decoder 64 (and is not particularly decoded), and is input to the video processor 66. Then, the OSD data is superimposed on the main video and supplied to the external monitor TV connected to the AV output unit 46. Then, a warning text is displayed together with the main video.

  Next, the internal structure of the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. 10 will be described with reference to FIG.

(11A) Functional description of information recording / reproducing unit (11A-1) Basic function of information recording / reproducing unit In the information recording / reproducing unit,
(*) New information is recorded or rewritten (including erasure of information) using a focused spot at a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201.

(*) Information already recorded from a predetermined position on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is reproduced using a focused spot.

Perform the following process.

(11A-2) Basic function achievement means of information recording / reproducing unit In the information recording / reproducing part as means for achieving the basic function,
(*) The focused spot is traced (followed) along a track (not shown) on the information storage medium 201.

(*) The information recording medium 201 is switched to record / reproduce / erase information by changing the amount of light of the focused spot irradiated on the information storage medium 201.

(*) The recording signal d given from the outside is converted into an optimum signal for recording with high density and low error rate.

Is doing.

(11B) Structure of mechanism portion and operation of detection portion (11B-1) Basic structure of optical head 202 and signal detection circuit (11B-1-1) Signal detection by optical head 202 The optical head 202 is basically illustrated. Although not provided, it is composed of a semiconductor laser element which is a light source, a photodetector, and an objective lens.

  Laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element is focused on an information storage medium (optical disk) 201 by an objective lens. The laser beam reflected by the light reflecting film or the light reflecting recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is photoelectrically converted by a photodetector.

  The detection current obtained by the photodetector is subjected to current-voltage conversion by an amplifier 213 and becomes a detection signal. This detection signal is processed by the focus / track error detection circuit 217 or the binarization circuit 212. In general, a photodetector is divided into a plurality of light detection regions, and changes in the amount of light applied to each light detection region are individually detected. A focus / track error detection circuit 217 calculates a sum / difference for each detection signal to detect a focus shift and a track shift. A signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of reflected light from the light reflecting film or the light reflecting recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201.

(11B-1-2) Defocus detection method As a method for optically detecting the defocus amount,
(*) Astigmatism method: Although not shown, an optical element that generates astigmatism is arranged in the detection optical path of the laser beam reflected by the light reflecting film or light reflecting recording film of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201. And a method for detecting a change in the shape of the laser light irradiated on the photodetector. The light detection area is divided into four diagonal lines. The focus error detection signal is obtained by taking the difference between the diagonal sums in the focus / track error detection circuit 217 for the detection signal obtained from each detection region. Or
(*) Knife edge method: A method of arranging a knife edge that shields a part of the laser light reflected by the information storage medium 201 asymmetrically. The light detection area is divided into two, and a focus error detection signal is obtained by taking a difference between detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas.

Often use either of these.

(11B-1-3) Track Deviation Detection Method The information storage medium (optical disc) 201 has spiral or concentric tracks, and information is recorded on the tracks. Information is reproduced or recorded / erased by tracing the focused spot along the track. In order to stably trace the focused spot along the track, it is necessary to optically detect the relative positional deviation between the track and the focused spot. In general, track deviation detection methods include:
(*) DPD (Differential Phase Detection) method: A change in intensity distribution on a photodetector of laser light reflected by a light reflecting film or a light reflecting recording film of an information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is detected. The light detection area is divided into four diagonal lines. For the detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas, a difference between the diagonal sums is taken in the focus / track error detection circuit 217 to obtain a track error detection signal. Or
(*) Push-pull method: A change in intensity distribution on a photodetector of laser light reflected by the information storage medium 201 is detected. The light detection area is divided into two, and a track error detection signal is obtained by taking a difference between detection signals obtained from the respective detection areas.

(*) Twin-Spot Method: A diffraction element or the like is disposed in the light transmission system between the semiconductor laser element and the information storage medium 201 to divide the light into a plurality of wavefronts and irradiate the information storage medium 201. Changes in the amount of reflected light of ± first-order diffracted light are detected. In addition to the light detection area for detecting the reproduction signal, a light detection area for individually detecting the reflected light amount of the + 1st order diffracted light and the reflected light amount of the −1st order diffracted light is arranged, and a track error detection signal is obtained by taking a difference between the respective detection signals. Get.

There are.

(11B-1-4) Objective Lens Actuator Structure An objective lens (not shown) for condensing the laser light emitted from the semiconductor laser element on the information storage medium 201 depends on the output current of the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. The structure is movable in two axial directions. The direction of movement of this objective lens is
Move in the direction perpendicular to the information storage medium 201 for focus deviation correction,
Move in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201 for track deviation correction.

Although not shown, the objective lens moving mechanism is called an objective lens actuator. As an objective lens actuator structure,
(*) Shaft sliding method: A method in which the blade integrated with the objective lens moves along the central axis (shaft), and the blade moves in the direction along the central axis to correct focus deviation. This is a method of correcting the track deviation by rotating the blade relative to the central axis. Or
(*) Four-wire system: A method in which a blade integrated with an objective lens is connected to a fixed system by four wires, and the blade is moved in two axial directions using elastic deformation of the wire.

Is often used. Each method has a structure in which a blade is moved by passing a current through a coil connected to the blade having a permanent magnet and a coil.

(11B-2) Rotation Control System of Information Storage Medium 201 The information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is mounted on the rotation table 221 that is rotated by the driving force of the spindle motor 204.

  The rotation speed of the information storage medium 201 is detected by a reproduction signal obtained from the information storage medium 201. That is, the detection signal (analog signal) output from the amplifier 213 is converted into a digital signal by the binarization circuit 212, and a constant cycle signal (reference clock signal) is generated from the signal by the PLL circuit 211. The information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 uses this signal to detect the rotation speed of the information storage medium 201 and outputs the value.

  A correspondence table of information storage medium rotational speeds corresponding to radial positions to be reproduced or recorded / erased on the information storage medium 201 is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. When the reproduction position or the recording / erasing position is determined, the control unit 220 refers to the semiconductor memory 219 information, sets the target rotational speed of the information storage medium 201, and notifies the spindle motor drive circuit 215 of the value.

  The spindle motor drive circuit 215 obtains a difference between the target rotation speed and the output signal (current rotation speed) of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214, and supplies a drive current corresponding to the result to the spindle motor 204. Control is performed so that the rotation speed of the spindle motor 204 is constant. The output signal of the information storage medium rotation speed detection circuit 214 is a pulse signal having a frequency corresponding to the number of rotations of the information storage medium 201, and the spindle motor drive circuit 215 controls both the frequency and the pulse phase of this signal.

(11B-3) Optical Head Moving Mechanism An optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 is provided to move the optical head 202 in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201.

  In many cases, a rod-shaped guide shaft is used as a guide mechanism for moving the optical head 202, and the optical head 202 moves using friction between the guide shaft and a bush attached to a part of the optical head 202. In addition, there is a method using a bearing in which frictional force is reduced by using rotational motion.

  A driving force transmission method for moving the optical head 202 is not shown, but a rotating motor with a pinion (rotating gear) is arranged in a fixed system, and a rack that is a linear gear meshing with the pinion is arranged on the side surface of the optical head 202. The rotary motion of the rotary motor is arranged and converted into the linear motion of the optical head 202. As another driving force transmission method, there is a case of using a linear motor system in which a permanent magnet is arranged in a fixed system and a current is passed through a coil arranged in the optical head 202 to move in a linear direction.

  In both the rotary motor and linear motor systems, basically, a current is passed through the feed motor to generate a driving force for moving the optical head 202. This driving current is supplied from a feed motor driving circuit 216.

(11C) Functions of each control circuit (11C-1) Condensed spot trace control In order to perform focus deviation correction or track deviation correction, the optical head 202 has a function corresponding to the output signal (detection signal) of the focus / track error detection circuit 217. The objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 is a circuit for supplying a drive current to the objective lens actuator (not shown). In order to make the objective lens move at high speed up to a high frequency range, it has a phase compensation circuit for improving the characteristics in accordance with the frequency characteristics of the objective lens actuator.

In the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218, in response to a command from the control unit 220,
(*) Focus / track deviation correction operation (focus / track loop) on / off processing,
(*) Processing for moving the objective lens at a low speed in the vertical direction (focus direction) of the information storage medium 201 (executed when the focus / track loop is off),
(*) A process of moving the focused spot to the next track by slightly moving the information storage medium 201 in the radial direction (direction crossing the track) using a kick pulse,
To do.

(11C-2) Laser light quantity control (11C-2-1) Playback / recording / erasing switching process Playback / recording / erasing switching is performed by changing the light quantity of the focused spot irradiated on the information storage medium 201.

For information storage media using the phase change method,
[Light intensity during recording]> [Light intensity during erase]> [Light intensity during playback]
In general, for information storage media using the magneto-optical method,
[Light intensity during recording] <[Light intensity during erase]> [Light intensity during playback]
There is a relationship. In the case of the magneto-optical method, the recording and erasing processes are controlled by changing the polarity of an external magnetic field (not shown) applied to the information storage medium 201 during recording / erasing.

  At the time of information reproduction, the information storage medium 201 is continuously irradiated with a certain amount of light.

  In the case of recording new information, a pulsed intermittent light amount is added on the light amount at the time of reproduction. When the semiconductor laser element emits pulses with a large amount of light, the light-reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201 locally undergoes an optical change or a shape change, and a recording mark is formed. In the case of overwriting on an already recorded area, the semiconductor laser element is similarly pulsed.

  When erasing already recorded information, a constant amount of light that is larger than that during reproduction is continuously irradiated. In the case of erasing information continuously, the irradiation light amount is returned at the time of reproduction every specific period such as a sector unit, and information is reproduced intermittently in parallel with the erasure process. The track number and address of the track to be erased intermittently are reproduced, and the erase process is performed while confirming that there is no error in the erase track.

(11C-2-2) Laser emission control Although not shown, the optical head 202 incorporates a photodetector for detecting the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element. In the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205, the difference between the photodetector output (detection signal of the amount of emitted light from the semiconductor laser element) and the emission reference signal given from the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206 is taken, and the result is based on the result. The drive current to the laser is fed back.

(11D) Various operations related to the control system of the mechanism portion (11D-1) Activation control When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is mounted on the rotary table 221 and activation control is started, processing is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) The target rotational speed is transmitted from the controller 220 to the spindle motor drive circuit 215, and a drive current is supplied from the spindle motor drive circuit 215 to the spindle motor 204, so that the spindle motor 204 starts rotating.

(2) At the same time, a command (execution command) is issued from the control unit 220 to the feed motor drive circuit 216, and a drive current is supplied from the feed motor drive circuit 216 to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203. Moves to the innermost circumferential position of the information storage medium 201. It is confirmed that the optical head 202 has come to the inner periphery beyond the area where the information in the information storage medium 201 is recorded.

(3) When the spindle motor 204 reaches the target rotational speed, the status (status report) is output to the control unit 220.

(4) A current is supplied from the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205 to the semiconductor laser element in the optical head 202 in accordance with the reproduction light quantity signal sent from the control unit 220 to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generating circuit 206 to emit laser light. Start. Depending on the type of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, the optimum irradiation light amount at the time of reproduction differs. At the time of start-up, the lowest irradiation light amount is set.

(5) In accordance with a command from the control unit 220, the objective lens (not shown) in the optical head 202 is shifted to the position farthest from the information storage medium 201, and the objective lens is slowly moved closer to the information storage medium 201. The lens actuator drive circuit 218 controls.

(6) At the same time, the focus / track error detection circuit 217 monitors the amount of focus deviation, and outputs a status when the objective lens comes near the in-focus position and notifies the control unit 220 of the status.

(7) Upon receiving the notification, the control unit 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator driving circuit 218 to turn on the focus loop.

(8) The control unit 220 issues a command to the feed motor drive circuit 216 with the focus loop turned on, and slowly moves the optical head 202 toward the outer periphery of the information storage medium 201.

(9) At the same time, the reproduction signal from the optical head 202 is monitored, and when the optical head 202 reaches the recording area on the information storage medium 201, the movement of the optical head 202 is stopped, and a track loop is made to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. Issue a command to turn on.

(10) The “optimum light amount during reproduction” and “optimum light amount during recording / erasing” recorded on the inner periphery of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 are reproduced, and the information passes through the control unit 220. Recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

(11) Further, the control unit 220 sends a signal in accordance with the “optimum light amount at the time of reproduction” to the recording / reproduction / erasure control waveform generation circuit 206 to reset the light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of reproduction.

(12) The light emission amount of the semiconductor laser element at the time of recording / erasing is set in accordance with “optimum light amount at the time of recording / erasing” recorded in the information storage medium 201.

(11D-2) Access control (11D-2-1) Reproduction of access destination information on the information storage medium 201 Information about what content is recorded in which location on the information storage medium 201 Varies depending on the type of the information storage medium 201, and generally in the information storage medium 201,
(*) Directory management area: recorded in the inner area or outer area of the information storage medium 201. Or
(*) Navigation pack: This is included in a VOBS that conforms to the data structure of PS2 (Program Stream) of MPEG2, and information on where the next video is recorded is recorded.

Etc. are recorded.

  When reproducing or recording / erasing specific information, information in the above area is first reproduced, and an access destination is determined from the obtained information.

(11D-2-2) Coarse access control The control unit 220 calculates the radius position of the access destination by calculation, and calculates the distance from the current optical head 202 position.

  Speed curve information that can reach the optical head 202 moving distance in the shortest time is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 in advance. The control unit 220 reads the information, and controls the movement of the optical head 202 by the following method according to the speed curve.

  After the controller 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn off the track loop, the feed motor drive circuit 216 is controlled to start the movement of the optical head 202.

  When the focused spot crosses the track on the information storage medium 201, a track error detection signal is generated in the focus / track error detection circuit 217. Using this track error detection signal, the relative speed of the focused spot with respect to the information storage medium 201 can be detected.

  The feed motor drive circuit 216 calculates the difference between the relative speed of the focused spot obtained from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 and the target speed information sent from the controller 220 one by one, and the result is calculated as an optical head drive mechanism ( The optical head 202 is moved while applying feedback to the drive current to the (feed motor) 203.

  As described above in “(11B-3) Optical head moving mechanism”, a frictional force always acts between the guide shaft and the bush or the bearing. When the optical head 202 is moving at a high speed, dynamic friction works, but at the time of starting and immediately before stopping, the moving speed of the optical head 202 is slow, so that static friction works. At this time, since the relative frictional force increases (especially immediately before stopping), the amplification factor (gain) of the current supplied to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203 is increased in accordance with a command from the control unit 220. .

(11D-2-3) Fine Access Control When the optical head 202 reaches the target position, the controller 220 issues a command to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218 to turn on the track loop.

  The focused spot is traced along the track on the information storage medium 201 and the address or track number of that portion is reproduced.

  The current focused spot position is calculated from the address or track number there, the number of error tracks from the target position is calculated in the control unit 220, and the number of tracks necessary for moving the focused spot is calculated as the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218. Notify

  When one set of kick pulses is generated in the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218, the objective lens slightly moves in the radial direction of the information storage medium 201, and the focused spot moves to the adjacent track.

  In the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218, the track loop is temporarily turned off, the kick pulse corresponding to the information from the control unit 220 is generated, and then the track loop is turned on again.

  After the dense access is completed, the control unit 220 reproduces information (address or track number) of the position where the focused spot is traced, and confirms that the target track is being accessed.

(11D-3) Continuous Recording / Reproducing / Erasing Control As shown in FIG. 11, the track error detection signal output from the focus / track error detection circuit 217 is input to the feed motor drive circuit 216. During the above-described “startup control” and “access control”, the controller 220 controls the feed motor drive circuit 216 not to use the track error detection signal.

  After confirming that the focused spot has reached the target track by access, a part of the track error detection signal is sent to the optical head drive mechanism (feed motor) 203 via the motor drive circuit 216 by a command from the control unit 220. Is supplied as a drive current. This control is continued during the period of continuous reproduction or recording / erasing processing.

  The center position of the information storage medium 201 is mounted with an eccentricity slightly shifted from the center position of the rotary table 221. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current, the entire optical head 202 finely moves in accordance with the eccentricity.

  When the reproduction or recording / erasing process is performed continuously for a long time, the focused spot position gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction. When a part of the track error detection signal is supplied as a drive current to the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203, the optical head 202 gradually moves in the outer circumferential direction or the inner circumferential direction in accordance with the driving current.

  In this way, it is possible to reduce the burden of track deviation correction of the objective lens actuator and stabilize the track loop.

(11D-4) End control When a series of processing is completed and the operation is ended, the processing is performed according to the following procedure.

(1) The control unit 220 issues a command for turning off the track loop to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218.

(2) A command for turning off the focus loop is issued from the control unit 220 to the objective lens actuator drive circuit 218.

(3) The control unit 220 issues a command for stopping the light emission of the semiconductor laser element to the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206.

(4) Notify the spindle motor drive circuit 215 of 0 as the reference rotational speed.

(11E) Recording signal / reproduction signal flow to information storage medium (11E-1) Signal format recorded on information storage medium 201 For signals recorded on information storage medium 201,
(*) It is possible to correct a recording information error caused by a defect on the information storage medium 201. (*) The direct current component of the reproduction signal is set to 0 to simplify the reproduction processing circuit. (*) In the information storage medium 201 On the other hand, in order to satisfy the demand for recording information as densely as possible, the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) adds “error correction function” “signal conversion (signal modulation / demodulation of recorded information) as shown in FIG. ) ”.

(11E-2) Signal flow at the time of recording (11E-2-1) ECC (Error Correction Code) addition processing The data input / output interface unit 222 stores information to be recorded in the information storage medium 201 as a recording signal d in the form of a raw signal. Is input. The recording signal d is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219 as it is, and then the ECC encoding circuit 208 performs ECC addition processing as follows.

  An embodiment of an ECC addition method using a product code will be described below.

  The recording signals d are sequentially arranged one by one every 172 bytes in the semiconductor memory 219, and a set of ECC blocks is formed by 192 rows. With respect to the raw signal (recording signal d) in one set of ECC block composed of “row: 172 × column: 192 bytes”, a 10-byte inner code PI is calculated for each row of 172 bytes. Additional recording is performed in the memory 219. Further, a 16-byte outer code PO is calculated for each column in byte units, and additionally recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

As an example of recording in the information storage medium 201, a total of 2366 bytes including the inner code PI and one line for the outer code PO 2366 = (12 + 1) × (172 + 10)
Is recorded in one sector of the information storage medium.

  When the addition of the inner code PI and the outer code PO is completed in the ECC encoding circuit 208, a signal of 2366 bytes for one sector is read from the semiconductor memory 219 and transferred to the modulation circuit 207.

(11E-2-2) Signal Modulation Signal modulation, which is signal format conversion, is performed to bring the DC component (DSV: Disital Sum Value) of the reproduction signal close to 0 and record information on the information storage medium 201 with high density. Is performed in the modulation circuit 207.

  The modulation circuit 207 and the demodulation circuit 210 have a conversion table indicating the relationship between the original signal and the modulated signal. The signal transferred from the ECC encoding circuit 208 is divided into a plurality of bits according to the modulation method, and converted into another signal (code) while referring to the conversion table.

  For example, when 8/16 modulation [RLL (2, 10) code] is used as a modulation method, there are two types of conversion tables, and conversion for reference is performed one by one so that the DC component (DSV) after modulation approaches zero. Switching the table.

(11E-2-3) Recording waveform generation When recording a recording mark on the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, generally, as a recording method,
(*) Mark length recording method: “1” comes to the front end position and rear terminal position of the recording mark.

(*) Inter-mark recording method: The center position of the recording mark coincides with the position “1”.

There are two types.

  When mark length recording is performed, it is necessary to form a long recording mark. In this case, when the recording light amount is continuously irradiated for a certain period, a “raindrop” -shaped recording mark having a wide width only at the rear portion is formed due to the heat storage effect of the light reflective recording film of the information storage medium 201. In order to eliminate this adverse effect, when a long recording mark is formed, it is divided into a plurality of recording pulses or the recording waveform is changed stepwise.

  In the recording / reproducing / erasing control waveform generation circuit 206, the recording waveform as described above is generated in accordance with the recording signal sent from the modulation circuit 207 and transmitted to the semiconductor laser driving circuit 205.

(11E-3) Signal flow during reproduction (11E-3-1) Binarization / PLL circuit Information storage medium (as described above in “(11B-1-1) Signal detection by optical head 202”) A signal on the information storage medium 201 is reproduced by detecting a change in the amount of reflected light from the light reflecting film or the light reflecting recording film of the optical disk 201. The signal obtained by the amplifier 213 has an analog waveform. The binarization circuit 212 converts the signal into a binary digital signal composed of “1” and “0” using a comparator.

  A reference signal at the time of information reproduction is extracted from the reproduction signal obtained here by the PLL circuit 211. The PLL circuit 211 has a built-in variable frequency oscillator. The frequency and phase are compared between the pulse signal (reference clock) output from the oscillator and the output signal of the binarization circuit 212, and the result is fed back to the oscillator output.

(11E-3-2) Signal Demodulation A demodulation table 210 has a conversion table indicating the relationship between the modulated signal and the demodulated signal. The signal is returned to the original signal while referring to the conversion table in accordance with the reference clock obtained by the PLL circuit 211. The returned (demodulated) signal is recorded in the semiconductor memory 219.

(11E-3-3) Error Correction Processing For the signal stored in the semiconductor memory 219, the error correction circuit 209 detects the error location using the inner code PI and the outer code PO, and sets a pointer flag for the error location.

  Thereafter, while reading the signal from the semiconductor memory 219, the signal at the error location is sequentially corrected in accordance with the error pointer flag, and the inner code PI and the outer code PO are removed and transferred to the data input / output interface unit 222.

  The signal sent from the ECC encoding circuit 208 is output from the data input / output interface unit 222 as a reproduction signal c.

  When a DVD-RAM disk is used as an information storage medium for recording a video file, the UDF (Universal Disk Format) is often adopted as the file format, so the UDF contents will be described below with reference to FIGS. To do.

(12A) Outline of UDF (What is UDF)
(12A-1) What is UDF? UDF is an abbreviation for universal disk format, and mainly refers to "rules for file management methods" in disk-shaped information storage media. CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-Video, DVD-ROM, DVD-R, and DVD-RAM adopt the UDF format standardized by “ISO9660”.

  As a file management method, a hierarchical file system that basically has a root directory as a parent and manages files in a tree shape is assumed.

  Here, the UDF format compliant with the DVD-RAM standard (File System Specifications) will be mainly described. However, many of the contents of the explanation are consistent with the contents of the DVD-ROM standard.

(12A-2) Outline of UDF (12A-2-1) File Information Recording Contents on Information Storage Medium When information is recorded on the information storage medium, a group of information is called file data (File Data), and file data unit To record. In order to distinguish from other file data, a unique file name is added to each file data. File management and file search are facilitated by grouping multiple file data with common information contents. A group for each of the plurality of file data is called a directory or a folder. A unique directory name (folder name) is added to each directory (folder).

  Further, the plurality of directories (folders) can be collected and grouped in a higher level directory (upper folder) as a group in the upper hierarchy. Here, the file data and the directory (folder) are collectively called a file (File).

When recording information,
(*) File data information itself (*) File name corresponding to the file data (*) File data storage location (under which directory to record)
All the information regarding is recorded on the information storage medium. Also, (*) directory name (folder name) for each directory (folder)
(*) The location to which each directory (folder) belongs [the location of its parent directory (upper folder)]
All the information regarding is also recorded on the information storage medium.

(12A-2-2) Information recording format on information storage medium All recording areas on the information storage medium are divided into logical sectors with a minimum unit of 2048 bytes, and logical sector numbers are serial numbers in all logical sectors. It is attached. When information is recorded on the information storage medium, the information is recorded in units of logical sectors. The recording position on the information storage medium is managed by the logical sector number of the logical sector in which this information is recorded.

  As shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, a logical sector in which information about the file structure 486 and the file data 487 is recorded is also called a “logical block”, and is linked to a logical sector number (LSN). ) Is set. The length of the logical block is 2048 bytes like the logical sector.

(12A-2-3) Example of Simplified Hierarchical File System An example of simplified hierarchical file system is shown in FIG. Most OS file management systems such as UNIX (registered trademark), MacOS, MS-DOS, and Windows (registered trademark) have a tree-like hierarchical structure as shown in FIG.

  For each disk drive (for example, each partition unit when one HDD is divided into a plurality of partitions), there is one root directory 401 that is the parent of the entire disk drive. A subdirectory 402 belongs. File data 403 exists in this subdirectory 402.

  Actually, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the file data 403 may exist directly under the root directory 401 or may have a complicated hierarchical structure in which a plurality of subdirectories 402 are connected in series.

(12A-2-4) Recording contents of file management information on information storage medium File management information is recorded in units of logical blocks as described above. The contents recorded in each logical block are mainly
(*) Descriptive text FID (File Identifier Descriptor) indicating information about the file
… Describes the file type and file name (root directory name, subdirectory name, file data name, etc.).

    In the FID, the data contents of the subsequent file data and a descriptive sentence indicating the recording location of the contents of the directory (that is, the FE recording position described below corresponding to the corresponding file are also described.

(*) Descriptive text FE (File Entry) indicating the recording position of the file contents
... Describes the data contents of the file data and the position (logical block number) on the information storage medium in which information related to the contents of the directory (subdirectory, etc.) is recorded.

It is.

  An excerpt of the description contents of the file identifier descriptor is shown in FIG. The details will be described in “(12B-4) File identifier descriptor”. An excerpt of the description contents of the file entry is shown in FIG. 16, and a detailed description thereof will be given in “(12B-3) File entry”.

  The descriptive text indicating the recording position on the information storage medium uses the long allocation descriptor shown in FIG. 17 and the short allocation descriptor shown in FIG. Detailed description of each will be given in “(12B-1-2) Long Allocation Descriptor” and “(12B-1-3) Short Allocation Descriptor”.

  As an example, FIG. 14B shows the recorded contents when the information of the file system structure of FIG. 14A is recorded on the information storage medium. The contents recorded in FIG. 14B are as follows.

(*) The contents of the root directory 401 are shown in the logical block with the logical block number “1”.

    In the example of FIG. 14A, since only the subdirectory 402 is contained in the root directory 401, information regarding the subdirectory 402 is described in the file identifier descriptor sentence 404 as the contents of the root directory 401. . Although not shown, information of the root directory 401 itself is also written in a file identifier descriptor sentence in the same logical block.

    The recording position of the file entry statement 405 indicating where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the file identifier descriptor statement 404 of the subdirectory 402 [the second logical block in the example of FIG. ] Is described in a long allocation descriptor sentence [LAD (2)].

(*) A file entry sentence 405 indicating the position where the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the logical block with the logical block number “2” is recorded.

    In the example of FIG. 14 (a), only the file data 403 is contained in the subdirectory 402. Therefore, the file identity fuzzy in which information about the file data 403 is substantially described as the contents of the subdirectory 402. This indicates the recording position of the scripter sentence 406.

    The short allocation descriptor statement in the file entry statement describes that the contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the third logical block [AD (3)].

(*) The contents of the subdirectory 402 are recorded in the logical block with the logical block number “3”.

    In the example of FIG. 14A, since only the file data 403 is contained in the subdirectory 402, information regarding the file data 403 is described in the file identifier descriptor statement 406 as the contents of the subdirectory 402. . Although not shown, information of the subdirectory 402 itself is also written in the same logical block in a file identifier descriptor sentence.

    The recording position of the file entry sentence 407 indicating the position where the contents of the file data 403 are recorded in the file identifier descriptor sentence 406 related to the file data 403 [the fourth in the example of FIG. [Recorded in the logical block] is described [LAD (4)] in the long allocation descriptor statement.

(*) A file entry statement 407 indicating the position where the file data 403 contents 408 and 409 are recorded is recorded in the logical block of the logical block number “4”.

    ... It is described [AD (5), AD (6)] that the file data 403 contents 408 and 409 are recorded in the fifth and sixth logical blocks in the short allocation descriptor statement in the file entry statement 407. Yes.

(*) File data 403 content information (a) 408 is recorded in the logical block with the logical block number “5”.

(*) File data 403 content information (b) 409 is recorded in the logical block of logical block number “6”.

(12A-2-5) FIG. 14 (b) Method for accessing file data according to information
As described earlier in “(12A-2-4) File system information recording contents on information storage medium”, the file identifier descriptors 404 and 406 and the file entries 405 and 407 have the following information. The described logical block number is described. In the same way that the file data is reached via the subdirectory while descending the hierarchy from the root directory, the logical block number on the information storage medium is determined according to the logical block number described in the file identifier descriptor and the file entry. The data contents of file data are accessed while sequentially reproducing information.

  That is, in order to access the file data 403 for the information shown in FIG. 14B, first, the first logical block information is read. Since the file data 403 exists in the subdirectory 402, the file identifier descriptor 404 of the subdirectory 402 is searched from the first logical block information, and LAD (2) is read. Read the second logical block information.

  Since only one file entry statement is described in the second logical block, AD (3) in the second logical block is read and moved to the third logical block. In the third logical block, the file identifier descriptor 406 described with respect to the file data 403 is searched for, and LAD (4) is read. When moving to the fourth logical block according to LAD (4), only one file entry statement 407 is described there, so AD (5) and AD (6) are read and the contents of file data 403 are recorded. And find the logical block number (5th and 6th).

  The contents of AD (*) and LAD (*) will be described in detail in “(12B) Specific contents of each UDF description (discriminator)”.

(12A-3) Features of UDF (12A-3-1) Description of UDF Features Features of UDF will be described below by comparison with FAT used in HDD, FDD, MO, and the like.

(1) Suitable for recording video information and music information having a large minimum unit (such as a minimum logical block size and a minimum logical sector size) and a large amount of information to be recorded.

    ... The FAT logical sector size is 512 bytes, whereas the UDF logical sector (block) size is as large as 2048 bytes.

(2) In FAT, a file allocation management table (file allocation table) is centrally recorded locally on the information storage medium, whereas in UDF, file management information is placed at an arbitrary position on the disk. Distributed recording is possible.

    In UDF, the recording position on the disk relating to file management information and file data is described in an allocation descriptor as a logical sector (block) number.

  Since FAT is centrally managed in a file management area (file allocation table), it is suitable for applications that require frequent file structure changes (mainly frequent rewrite applications). Management information is easy to rewrite because it is recorded in a centralized location. Further, since the recording location of the file management information (file allocation table) is determined in advance, it is assumed that the recording medium has high reliability (there are few defective areas).

  Since file management information is distributed in UDF, there is little change in the file structure, and a new file structure is added later in the lower part of the hierarchy (mainly the part below the root directory) ( Mainly suitable for appending applications). There are few changes to the previous file management information at the time of appending.

  In addition, since the recording position of the distributed file management information can be arbitrarily designated, it is possible to record while avoiding innate defects. Since the file management information can be recorded at an arbitrary position, all the file management information is collected and recorded in one place, and the advantages of the FAT can be obtained, so that it can be considered as a more versatile file system.

(12B) Specific contents description of each UDF description statement (descriptor) (12B-1) Logical block number description statement (12B-1-1) Allocation descriptor First, "(12A-2-4) information Indicates the location (logical block number) that is included in a part of the file identifier descriptor, file entry, etc., and the subsequent information is recorded as shown in “File / system information recorded on storage medium” The description sentence is called an allocation descriptor. The allocation descriptor includes the following long allocation descriptor and short allocation descriptor.

(12B-1-2) Long allocation descriptor As shown in FIG.
· Extent length 410 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Use of the implied use 412 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Consists of In the explanation here, the description is simplified and described as “LAD (logical block number)”.

(12B-1-3) Short Allocation Descriptor As shown in FIG.
Extent length 410: The number of logical blocks is displayed in 4 bytes. Extent position 411: The corresponding logical block number is displayed only in 4 bytes. In the explanatory text here, the description is simplified and described in “AD (logical block number)”.

(12B-2) Space entry that is not allocated As shown in FIG. 19, the “unrecorded extent distribution” on the information storage medium is described by a short allocation descriptor for each extent, and a description statement that arranges them is a space table ( 12 and 13). Specifically,
Descriptor tag 413 represents the identifier of the description content, in this case “263”
ICB tag 414 indicates a file type. The file type = 1 in the ICB tag means a space entry that is not allocated, the file type = 4 represents a directory, and the file type = 5 represents file data.

A total length 415... 4 bytes of the allocation descriptor string indicates the total number of bytes.

(12B-3) File entry The description described earlier in “(12A-2-4) File system information recording contents on information storage medium”. As shown in FIG.
Descriptor tag 417 represents the identifier of the description content, in this case “261”
ICB tag 418 indicates the file type. The content is the same as (12B-2). Permission 419... Recording / playback / deletion permission information for each user. Used mainly for the purpose of securing files.

Allocation descriptor 420: The location where the contents of the corresponding file are recorded is described by arranging short allocation descriptors for each extent.

(12B-4) File identifier descriptor Descriptive text describing file information as described earlier in “(12A-2-4) File system information recording contents on information storage medium”. As shown in FIG.
Descriptor tag 421 represents the identifier of the description content, in this case “257”
File Characteristic 422: Indicates the type of file, and means any one of parent directory, directory, file data, and file deletion flag.

Information control block 423: The FE position corresponding to this file is described by a long allocation descriptor.

File identifier 424: Directory name or file name.

Padding 437 is a dummy area added to adjust the length of the entire file identifier descriptor, and normally all “0” are recorded.

Etc. are described.

(12C) Example of file structure description recorded on information storage medium in accordance with UDF The contents previously described in “(12A-2) Outline of UDF” will be described in detail below using a specific example.

  FIG. 20 shows a more general file system structure example with respect to FIG. The information in the parentheses indicates the logical block number on the information storage medium in which the information regarding the contents of the directory or the data content of the file data is recorded.

  An example in which the information of the file system structure of FIG. 20 is recorded on the information storage medium according to the UDF format is shown in FIGS.

As an unrecorded location management method on an information storage medium,
(*) Space Bit Map Method A flag “recorded” or “unrecorded” is set in a bitmap manner for all logical blocks in the recording area in the information storage medium using the space bitmap descriptor 470.

(*) Space table method All unrecorded logical block numbers are described as a list of short allocation descriptors using the description method of the space entry 471 that is not allocated.

There are two methods.

  In the description of the present embodiment, both systems are intentionally shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 for the purpose of explanation, but in reality, both are used together (recorded on an information storage medium). , Only one of them is used.

  An outline of the contents of the main directories described in FIGS. 12 and 13 is as follows.

Beginning extent area descriptor 445 indicates the start position of the volume recognition sequence 444.

Volume structure descriptor 446: Describes the contents of the volume.

Boot descriptor 447: Describes the processing contents at the time of booting.

Terminating extent area descriptor 448... Indicates the end position of the volume recognition sequence 444.

Partition descriptor 450 indicates partition information (size, etc.). In principle, DVD-RAM has one partition per volume.

Logical volume descriptor 454 describes the contents of the logical volume.

Anchor volume descriptor pointer 458 indicates the recording position of the main volume descriptor sequence 449 and the reserved volume descriptor sequence 467 in the information storage medium recording area.

Reserved (all 00h bytes) 459 to 465... Record a specific disc libter. In order to secure the logical sector number, an adjustment area in which all “0” s are recorded is provided between them.

Reserve volume descriptor sequence 467... A backup area for information recorded in the main volume descriptor sequence 449.

(12D) Access method to file data during reproduction Access on the information storage medium for reproducing the data contents of, for example, file data H432 (see FIG. 20) using the file system information shown in FIGS. A processing method will be described.

(1) The information in the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is loaded. In accordance with the description content of the boot descriptor 447, processing at the time of booting starts. If there is no specified boot time processing,
(2) First, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(3) The logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. It is described by. In the example of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, it is recorded in the 100th logical block from LAD (100).

(4) The 100th logical block (logical sector number is 372) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
(5) The 102nd logical block is accessed, the file entry 475 related to the root directory A425 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information related to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(6) The 103rd logical block is accessed to reproduce information relating to the contents of the root directory A425. Since the file data H432 exists under the directory D428 series, the file identifier descriptor related to the directory D428 is searched, and the logical block number recorded in the file entry related to the directory D428 [not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] Reads LAD (110)].

(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].

(8) The 111th logical block is accessed to reproduce information relating to the contents of the directory D428. Since the file data H432 exists directly under the subdirectory F430, the file identifier descriptor related to the subdirectory F430 is searched, and the logical block number in which the file entry related to the subdirectory F430 is recorded [FIGS. Although not shown, LAD (112)] is read.

(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 related to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information related to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].

(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor relating to the file data H432 is searched. Then, the logical block number [LAD (114) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which the file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 related to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(12) Information is reproduced from the information storage medium in the order of logical block numbers described in the file entry 484 relating to the file data H432, and the data content 489 of the file data H432 is read.

(12E) Specific File Data Content Changing Method A processing method including access when changing the data content of the file data H432, for example, using the file system information shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 will be described.

(1) Obtain the capacity difference between the data contents before and after the change of the file data H432, divide the value by 2048 bytes, and use additional logical blocks or how many logical blocks to record the changed data Calculate in advance.

(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is loaded. In accordance with the description content of the boot descriptor 447, processing at the time of booting starts. If there is no specified boot time processing,
(3) First, the partition descriptor 450 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the partition content use 451 information described therein is read. In this partition content use 451 (also called a partition header descriptor), the recording position of the space table or space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space table 452 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (50). Also,
The space bit map position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space bitmap 453 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (0).

(4) Access the logical block number (0) described in the space bitmap read in (3) above. Space bitmap information is read from the space bitmap descriptor 470, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and use of logical blocks corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (rewriting processing of the space bitmap descriptor 460 information). Or
(4 ') Access to the logical block number (50) described in the space table read in (3) above. An unrecorded logical block is searched from USE (AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)) 471 of the space table, and the use of logical blocks corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (space table). Information rewriting process). In actual processing, either “(4)” or “(4 ′)” is performed.

(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(6) The logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. It is described by. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100).

(7) The 100th logical block (logical sector number is 400th) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the example of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
8) Access to the 102nd logical block, reproduce the file entry 475 related to the root directory A425, and read the position (logical block number) where the information related to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded [AD (103)].

(9) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information relating to the contents of the root directory A425 is reproduced. Since the file data H432 exists under the directory D428 series, the file identifier descriptor related to the directory D428 is searched, and the logical block number recorded in the file entry related to the directory D428 [not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] Reads LAD (110)].

(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].
(11) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. Since the file data H432 exists directly under the subdirectory F430, the file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched for, and the logical block number in which the file entry for the subdirectory F430 is recorded [FIGS. Although not shown, LAD (112)] is read.

(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].

(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor relating to the file data H432 is searched. Then, the logical block number [LAD (114) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] in which the file entry relating to the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(14) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 related to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

(15) The data content 489 of the changed file data H432 is recorded in consideration of the logical block number additionally registered in (4) or (4 ′).

(12F) Specific File Data / Directory Erase Processing Method A method for erasing the file data H432 or the subdirectory F430 will be described as an example.

(1) The information in the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is loaded. In accordance with the description content of the boot descriptor 447, processing at the time of booting starts. If there is no specified boot time processing,
(2) First, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(3) The logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. It is described by. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100).

(4) The 100th logical block (which is the 400th logical sector number) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry relating to the root directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the example of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
(5) The 102nd logical block is accessed, the file entry 475 related to the root directory A425 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information related to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(6) The 103rd logical block is accessed to reproduce information relating to the contents of the root directory A425. Since the file data H432 exists under the directory D428 series, the file identifier descriptor related to the directory D428 is searched, and the logical block number recorded in the file entry related to the directory D428 [not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] Reads LAD (110)].

(7) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].

(8) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. Since the file data H432 exists directly under the subdirectory F430, a file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430 is searched.

<< When deleting the subdirectory F430 >>
A “file deletion flag” is set in the file characteristic 422 (FIG. 15) in the file identifier descriptor for the subdirectory F430.

  The logical block number [LAD (112) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] recorded in the file entry related to the subdirectory F430 is read.

(9) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 related to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information related to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].

(10) The 113th logical block is accessed, information regarding the contents of the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and a file identifier descriptor regarding the file data H432 is searched.

<< When deleting file data H432 >>
A “file deletion flag” is set in the file characteristic 422 (FIG. 15) in the file identifier descriptor for the file data H432.

  Further, the logical block number [LAD (114) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] recorded in the file entry relating to the file data H432 is read from there.

(11) The 114th logical block is accessed, the file entry 484 related to the file data H432 is reproduced, and the position where the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is read.

<< When deleting file data H432 >>
The logical block in which the data content 489 of the file data H432 is recorded is released by the following method (the logical block is registered in an unrecorded state).

(12) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the partition content use 451 information described therein is read. In this partition content use 451 (also called a partition header descriptor), the recording position of the space table or space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space table 452 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (50). Also,
The space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space bitmap 453 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (0).

(13) The logical block number (0) described in the space bitmap read in (12) is accessed, and the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) is used as the space bitmap descriptor. Rewrite to 470. Or
(13 ′) The logical block number (50) described in the space table read in (12) is accessed, and the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) is rewritten to the space table. In actual processing, either “(13)” or “(13 ′)” is performed.

<< When deleting file data H432 >>
(12) The position where the data content 490 of the file data I433 is recorded is read by following the same procedure as the previous (10) to (11).

(13) Next, the partition descriptor 450 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the partition content use 451 information described therein is read. In this partition content use 451 (also called a partition header descriptor), the recording position of the space table or space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space table 452 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (50). Also,
The space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space bitmap 453 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (0).

(14) The logical block number (0) described in the space bitmap read in (13) is accessed, and the “logical block number to be released” obtained as a result of (11) and (12) is a space. Rewrite to bitmap descriptor 470. Or
(14 ') Access the logical block number (50) described in the space table read in (13) earlier, and enter the "logical block number to be released" obtained as a result of (11) and (12) as a space. Rewrite to table. In actual processing, either “(14)” or “(14 ′)” is performed.

(12G) File Data / Directory Addition Processing As an example, an access / addition processing method for newly adding file data or a directory under the subdirectory F430 will be described.

(1) When adding file data, the capacity of the file data content to be added is checked, the value is divided by 2048 bytes, and the number of logical blocks necessary for adding the file data is calculated.

(2) The information of the boot descriptor 447 in the volume recognition sequence 444 area is reproduced as a boot area when the information recording / reproducing apparatus is activated or when the information storage medium is loaded. In accordance with the description content of the boot descriptor 447, processing at the time of booting starts. If there is no specified boot time processing,
(3) First, the partition descriptor 450 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced, and the partition content use 451 information described therein is read. In this partition content use 451 (also called a partition header descriptor), the recording position of the space table or space bitmap is shown.

The space table position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space table 452 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (50). Also,
The space bitmap position is described in the form of a short allocation descriptor in the space bitmap 453 field that is not allocated. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, AD (0).

(4) Access the logical block number (0) described in the space bitmap read in (3) above. The space bitmap information is read from the space bitmap descriptor 470, an unrecorded logical block is searched, and the use of logical blocks corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (rewriting processing of the space bitmap descriptor 470 information). Or
(4 ') Access to the logical block number (50) described in the space table read in (3) above. An unrecorded logical block is searched from USE (AD (*), AD (*),..., AD (*)) 471 of the space table, and the use of logical blocks corresponding to the calculation result of (1) is registered (space table). Information rewriting process). In actual processing, either “(4)” or “(4 ′)” is performed.

(5) Next, the information of the logical volume descriptor 454 in the main volume descriptor sequence 449 area is reproduced.

(6) The logical volume content use 455 is described in the logical volume descriptor 454, and the logical block number indicating the position where the file set descriptor 472 is recorded is in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. It is described by. In the example of FIGS. 12 and 13, the data is recorded in the 100th logical block from the LAD (100).

(7) The 100th logical block (logical sector number is 400th) is accessed, and the file set descriptor 472 is reproduced. The location (logical block number) where the file entry related to the route directory A425 is recorded in the root directory ICB473 is described in the long allocation descriptor (FIG. 17) format. In the example of FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, it is recorded in the 102nd logical block from the LAD (102). According to the LAD (102) of the root directory ICB473,
(8) The 102nd logical block is accessed, the file entry 475 related to the root directory A425 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information related to the contents of the root directory A425 is recorded is read [AD (103)].

(9) The 103rd logical block is accessed, and information relating to the contents of the root directory A425 is reproduced. A file identifier descriptor related to the directory D428 is searched, and a logical block number [LAD (110) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13) recorded in the file entry related to the directory D428 is read.

(10) The 110th logical block is accessed, the file entry 480 relating to the directory D428 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is recorded is read [AD (111)].
(11) The 111th logical block is accessed, and information relating to the contents of the directory D428 is reproduced. A file identifier descriptor related to the subdirectory F430 is searched, and a logical block number [LAD (112) not shown in FIGS. 12 and 13] recorded in the file entry related to the subdirectory F430 is read.

(12) The 112th logical block is accessed, the file entry 482 relating to the subdirectory F430 is reproduced, and the position (logical block number) where the information relating to the contents of the subdirectory F430 is recorded is read [AD (113)].

(13) The 113th logical block is accessed, and the file identifier to be newly added or the file identifier descriptor of the directory is registered in the information related to the contents of the subdirectory F430.

(14) Access the logical block number position registered in (4) or (4 ′) above, and record the file entry relating to the newly added file data or directory.

(15) Access the logical block number position indicated by the short allocation descriptor in the file entry of (14) above, and record the data identifier of the file identifier descriptor of the parent directory related to the directory to be added or the file data to be added. To do.

  21A and 21B illustrate a file position setting method in the conventional method that does not have an unrecorded area in a video file. Consider a case where two PC files and one video file are recorded on the data area 1004 on the information storage medium as shown in FIG. LBN in FIG. 21 means a logical block number (logical block number). When the LBN at the start position of each file is A, F, or C, the recording position on the file entry of the PC file is FE (AD (AD) using the notation of FIG. 12, FIG. 13, FIG. 14, or FIG. (A)) and FE (AD (F)). In FIG. 21A, since the video file # 1 is recorded in one place and can be described by one extent, the file entry corresponding to this file is FE (AD (C)).

  Next, let us consider a case where the portion from L to D in the LBN in the video file # 1 is partially erased. Since the unrecorded area is not allowed in the conventional file, the recording position of the video file # 1 on the information storage medium is divided into two as shown in FIG. As a result, since the extent describing the allocation (recording position) of the video file is divided into two, the file entry of this video file is FE (AD (C), AD (E)). Since continuous recording and continuous reproduction management of video information are not performed on the UDF, the area from LBN D to E is regarded as an unrecorded area in the stage of FIG. 21B, and another file is recorded in this area. Will be allowed. As a result, the PC file # 3 may be recorded there as shown in FIG.

  Next, even if another video information is recorded and used, the LBN cannot be recorded between D and E, and a video file that is another video file at a location where the LBN far away from the video file # 1 starts with G Recorded as # 2. In the case of the conventional method that does not allow an unrecorded area in the video file, the video file is scattered on the information storage medium as shown in FIG. Continuous playback is difficult due to the head access time. Similarly, continuous recording is difficult with the conventional method.

  FIG. 22 illustrates a file recording position setting method on the information storage medium when the existence of an unrecorded area is permitted in the video file of the present invention. FIG. 22A corresponds to FIG. When the LBN is partially erased from D to E, the file size of the video file does not change as shown in FIG. 22 (b) because there is an unrecorded area in the video file # 1 in the embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the file entry for the video file remains unchanged as FE (AD (C)). Therefore, even when a new PC file is recorded, the PC file does not enter between video files # 1 as shown in FIG.

  Next, when additional recording of video information is performed by recording, the additional recording information enters the unrecorded area from LBN to D to E, and changes to the additional recording area. As described above, according to the method of the present invention, the information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 does not need to change the file system information of the UDF for each partial erasure and recording additional recording with a small amount. Becomes easier. If the video information to be recorded further increases, the video file size increases. The unrecorded area in the range of LBN from B to C in FIG. 22C is absorbed by the video file # 1. In FIG. 22 (c), the extent of the video file is one AD (C), whereas in FIG. 22 (d), the extent of AD (A) is increased by one, and the file entry is FE (AD (C)). , AD (B)).

  Next, the detailed structure in the DVD-RAM disk and the defect management method will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining the layout of the outline recording contents in the DVD-RAM disc.

  That is, the lead-in area 607 on the inner circumference side of the disc is composed of an embossed data zone 611 with a light reflecting surface having an uneven shape, a mirror zone 612 with a flat surface (mirror surface), and a rewritable data zone 613 that can be rewritten. The embossed data zone 611 includes a reference signal zone 653 representing a reference signal and a control data zone 655 as shown in FIG. 24, and the mirror zone 612 includes a connection zone 657.

  The rewritable data zone 613 includes a disk test zone 659, a drive test zone 660, a disk identification zone 662 in which a disk ID (identifier) is indicated, and defect management areas DMA1 and DMA2 663.

  As shown in FIG. 25, the lead-out area 609 on the outer periphery side of the disc includes defect management areas DMA3 and DMA4 691, a disc identification zone 692 in which disc IDs (identifiers) are shown, a drive test zone 694, The rewritable rewritable data zone 645 includes a disc test zone 695.

  A data area 608 between the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609 is divided into 24 annual ring-shaped zones 00 620 to zone 23 643. Each zone has a constant rotation speed, but the rotation speed differs between different zones. Further, the number of sectors constituting each zone is different for each zone. Specifically, the zone on the inner circumference side of the disk (such as zone 00 620) has a high rotational speed and a small number of constituent sectors.

  On the other hand, a zone on the outer periphery side of the disk (such as zone 23 643) has a low rotational speed and a large number of sectors. With such a layout, high-speed accessibility like CAV is realized in each zone, and high-density recording like CLV is realized in the entire zone.

  24 and 25 are diagrams for explaining details of the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609 in the layout of FIG.

  The control data zone 655 of the embossed data zone 611 includes a DVD type (DVD-ROM, DVD-RAM, DVD-R, etc.) and a book type and part version 671 indicating the part version, disc size and Disc size and minimum lead-out rate 672 indicating a minimum read rate, disc structure 673 indicating a disc structure such as a one-layer ROM disc, a one-layer RAM disc, a two-layer ROM disc, a recording density 674 indicating a recording density, and data A data area allocation 675 indicating the position where the information is recorded, and a BCA (Burst Cutting Area) descriptor 676 in which the serial number of each information storage medium is recorded in an irreplaceable form on the inner circumference side of the information storage medium , A velocity 677 indicating a linear velocity condition for specifying an exposure amount at the time of recording, a read power 678 indicating an exposure amount to the information storage medium at the time of reproduction, and a maximum given to the information storage medium for recording mark formation at the time of recording A peak power 679 representing the exposure amount, a bias power 680 representing the maximum exposure amount given to the information storage medium at the time of erasing, and information 682 relating to the manufacture of the medium are recorded.

  In other words, the control data zone 655 includes information on the entire information storage medium such as a physical sector number indicating a recording start / end position, recording power, recording pulse width, erasing power, reproducing power, recording / recording Information on the linear velocity at the time of erasing, information on recording / reproducing / erasing characteristics, information on manufacturing of an information storage medium such as a manufacturing number of each disk, and the like are recorded in advance.

  In the rewritable data zones 613 and 645 of the lead-in area 607 and the lead-out area 609, a unique disk name recording area (disk identification zone 662 and 692) and a test recording area (recording erasure condition) for each medium. Drive test zones 660 and 694 and disk test zones 659 and 695) for confirming the above, and management information recording areas (DMA1 & DMA2 663, DMA3 & DMA4 691) relating to defective areas in the data area are provided. By using these areas, it is possible to perform optimum recording on each disc.

  FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the details in the data area 608 in the layout of FIG.

  The same number of groups (Group) is assigned to each of the 24 zones, and each group includes a pair of a user area 723 used for data recording and a spare area 724 used for replacement processing. A pair of user area 723 and spare area 724 is separated by guard areas 771 and 772 for each zone. Further, the user area 723 and the spare area 724 of each group are contained in the same rotation speed zone, and the smaller group number belongs to the high-speed rotation zone, and the larger group number belongs to the low-speed rotation zone. The low-speed rotation zone group has more sectors than the high-speed rotation zone group, but the low-speed rotation zone has a larger disk rotation radius, so the physical recording density on the disk is almost the same across the entire zone (all groups). It becomes uniform.

  In each group, the user area 723 is arranged on the smaller sector number (that is, the inner circumference side on the disk), and the spare area 724 is arranged on the larger sector number (the outer circumference side on the disk).

  Next, a recording signal structure of information recorded on a DVD-RAM disk as an information storage medium and a method of creating the recording signal structure will be described. Note that the content of information recorded on the medium itself is called “information”, and “1” after the structure and expression after the same content information is scrambled or modulated, that is, the signal form is converted. The connection of the states of “0” is expressed as “signal”, and the two are appropriately distinguished.

  FIG. 27 is a diagram for explaining the internal structure of the sector included in the data area portion of FIG. One sector 501a in FIG. 27 corresponds to one of the sector numbers in FIG. 26, and has a size of 2048 bytes as shown in FIG. Although not shown, each sector is not shown, and headers 573 and 574 pre-recorded on the recording surface of the information storage medium (DVD-RAM disk) with an uneven structure such as embossing are used as the head, and the synchronization codes 575 and 576 and the modulated codes are modulated. Signals 577 and 578 are alternately included.

  Next, an ECC block processing method for a DVD-RAM disk will be described.

  FIG. 28 is a diagram for explaining a recording unit (ECC unit of Error Correction Code) of information included in the data area 608 of FIG.

  In a file allocation table (FAT) often used in a file system of an information storage medium for a personal computer (such as a hard disk HDD or a magneto-optical disk MO), information is recorded on the information storage medium with a minimum unit of 256 bytes or 512 bytes. .

  On the other hand, information storage media such as CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, and DVD-RAM use the UDF (Universal Disk Format) as a file system, and here, information is stored in the information storage medium with a minimum unit of 2048 bytes. Is recorded. This minimum unit is called a sector. That is, on an information storage medium using UDF, information of 2048 bytes is recorded for each sector 501 as shown in FIG.

  Since a CD-ROM or DVD-ROM is handled as a bare disk without using a cartridge, the surface of the information storage medium is easily scratched on the user side or dust is likely to adhere to the surface. A specific sector (for example, sector 501c in FIG. 28) cannot be reproduced (or cannot be recorded) due to the influence of dust or scratches on the surface of the information storage medium.

  In the DVD, an error correction method (ECC using a product code) taking such a situation into consideration is adopted. Specifically, one ECC (Error Correction Code) block 502 is formed by 16 sectors (16 sectors from sector 501a to sector 501p in FIG. 28), and a powerful error correction function is provided therein. I have it. As a result, even if an error in the ECC block 502 occurs, for example, the sector 501c cannot be reproduced, the error is corrected, and all information in the ECC block 502 can be reproduced correctly.

  FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between zones and groups (see FIG. 26) in the data area 608 of FIG.

  Each zone 00 620 to zone 23 643 in FIG. 23 is physically arranged on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disc, and data as described in the column of the physical sector number 604 in FIG. 23 and FIG. The physical sector number (starting physical sector number 701) of the first physical sector in the user area 00 705 in the area 608 is set to 031000h (h: meaning in hexadecimal notation).

  Furthermore, the physical sector number increases as it goes to the outer peripheral side 704, and is continuous regardless of the user area 00 705, 01 706, 23 707, spare area 00 708, 01 709, 23 710, and guard areas 711, 712, 713. A number is assigned. Therefore, continuity is maintained in the physical sector numbers across the zones 620 to 643.

  On the other hand, guard areas 711, 712, and 713 are inserted and arranged between the groups 714, 715, and 716 each composed of a pair of user areas 705, 706, and 707 and spare areas 708, 709, and 710, respectively. . Therefore, the physical sector numbers across the groups 714, 715, and 716 have discontinuities as shown in FIG.

  29 is used in the information recording / reproducing apparatus having the information recording / reproducing unit (physical block) shown in FIG. 11, the optical head 202 has the guard areas 711, 712, 713. A process of switching the rotational speed of the DVD-RAM disk during passage can be performed. For example, when the optical head 202 seeks from the group 00 714 to the group 01 715, the rotation speed of the DVD-RAM disk is switched while passing through the guard area 711.

  FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining a method of setting a logical sector number in the data area 608 of FIG. The minimum unit of the logical sector coincides with the minimum unit of the physical sector and is 2048 byte unit. Each logical sector is assigned to a corresponding physical sector position according to the following rules.

  As shown in FIG. 29, since the guard areas 711, 712, and 713 are physically provided on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disc, the physical sector numbers across the groups 714, 715, and 716 have discontinuities. Although it occurs, the logical sector number is set so as to be connected continuously at positions across the groups 00 714, 01 715, 23 716.

  This group 00 714, 01 715-23 716 is arranged such that the smaller group number (the smaller physical sector number) is arranged on the inner periphery side (lead-in area 607 side) of the DVD-RAM disc. The larger one (the one with the larger physical sector number) is arranged on the outer peripheral side (lead-out area 609 side) of the DVD-RAM disk.

  If there is no defect on the recording surface of the DVD-RAM disc in this arrangement, each logical sector is assigned to all physical sectors in the user areas 00 705 to 23 707 in FIG. Is set to 0h (see the column of logical sector number 774 of the first sector in each group in FIG. 26). As described above, when there is no defect on the recording surface, the logical sector number is not set in advance for each sector in the spare areas 00 708 to 23 710.

  When a defective sector is found in the user area 00 705 to 23 707 at the time of certify processing, playback, or recording, which is a defect position detection process on the recording surface performed before recording on the DVD-RAM disk As a result of the replacement process, logical sector numbers are set for the corresponding sectors in the spare areas 00 708 to 23 710 as many as the number of sectors subjected to the replacement process.

  Next, several methods for dealing with defects occurring in the user area will be described. Before that, a defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691 in FIG. 24 or FIG. 25) necessary for defect processing and related matters will be described.

[Defect management area]
The defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) includes data area configuration and defect management information, and is composed of, for example, 32 sectors. Two defect management areas (DMA1, DMA2 663) are arranged in the lead-in area 607 of the DVD-RAM disk, and the other two defect management areas (DMA3, DMA4 691) are in the lead-out area 609 of the DVD-RAM disk. Placed in. A spare sector (spare sector) is appropriately added after each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691).

  Each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) is divided into two blocks. The first block of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) includes a DVD-RAM disk definition information structure (DDS) and a primary defect list (PDL). The second block of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) includes a secondary defect list (SDL). The four primary defect lists (PDL) in the four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) have the same contents, and the four secondary defect lists (SDL) have the same contents.

  The four definition information structures (DDS) of the four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) are basically the same, but the pointers to the PDL and SDL of each of the four defect management areas are individual. It is the contents of.

  Here, the DDS / PDL block means the first block including DDS and PDL. The SDL block means a second block including SDL.

The contents of each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) after initializing the DVD-RAM disk are as follows.
(1) The first sector of each DDS / PDL block contains a DDS.

(2) The second sector of each DDS / PDL block includes PDL.

(3) The first sector of each SDL block contains the SDL.

  The block lengths of the primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are determined by the number of entries. Unused sectors in each defect management area (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691) are written with data 0FFh. All spare sectors are overwritten with 00h.

[Disk definition information]
The definition information structure DDS is composed of a table having a length of one sector. This DDS has a content that defines the disk initialization method and the start addresses of the PDL and SDL. The DDS is recorded in the first sector of each defect management area (DMA) at the end of disk initialization.

[Spare sector]
The defective sector in each data area 608 is replaced (replaced) with a normal sector by a predetermined defect management method (verification, slipping replacement, skipping replacement, linear replacement described later). The position of the spare sector for this replacement is included in the spare area of each group of spare areas 00 708 to 23 710 shown in FIG. Further, the physical sector number in each spare area is described in the column of spare area 724 in FIG.

  The DVD-RAM disk can be initialized before use, but this initialization can be executed regardless of whether or not verification is performed.

  The defective sector is processed by a slipping replacement process (Slipping Replacement Algorithm), a skipping replacement process (Skipping Replacement Algorithm), or a linear replacement process (Linear Replacement Algorithm). The total number of entries listed in the PDL and SDL by these processes (Algorithm) is a predetermined number, for example, 4092 or less.

[Initialization / Certify]
In many cases, initialization processing is performed before recording user information in the data area 608 of the DVD-RAM disc, and defect status inspection (Certify) of all sectors in the data area 608 is performed. The defective sector found in the initialization stage is specified, and the defective sector in the user area 723 is interpolated by the spare sector in the spare area 724 by slipping replacement processing or linear replacement processing according to the number of consecutive defective sectors. When the spare sector in the zone of the DVD-RAM disk is used up during the certification process, it is determined that the DVD-RAM disk is defective, and the DVD-RAM disk is not used thereafter.

  The parameters of all definition information structures DDS are recorded in four DDS sectors. The primary defect list PDL and the secondary defect list SDL are recorded in four defect management areas (DMA1 to DMA4 663, 691). At initial initialization, the update counter in the SDL is set to 00h, and all reserved blocks are overwritten with 00h.

  When the disk is used for data storage of a computer, the above initialization / certification is performed, but when it is used for video recording, the video recording may be suddenly performed without performing the above initialization / certification. .

  FIG. 31B is a view for explaining a slipping replacement algorithm in the data area 608 of FIG.

  Immediately after manufacturing a DVD-RAM disc (when no user information is recorded on the disc) or when user information is recorded for the first time (not over-recording on an already recorded location, not recorded) This slipping replacement process is applied as a defect processing method when information is first recorded in the area.

  That is, the found defective data sector (for example, m defective sectors 731) is replaced (or replaced) with the first normal sector (user area 723b) following the defective sector (replacement process 734). As a result, slipping (logical sector number backward shift) of m sectors occurs toward the end of the corresponding group.

  Similarly, when n defective sectors 732 are subsequently found, the defective sectors are used in replacement with the subsequent normal sector (user area 723c), and the setting position of the logical sector number is also shifted backward. As a result of the alternation process, logical sector numbers are set in m + n sectors 737 from the beginning in the spare area 724, which becomes a user information recordable area. As a result, the unused area 726 in the spare area 724 is reduced by m + n sectors.

  The address of the defective sector at this time is written in the primary defect list (PDL), and recording of user information is prohibited for the defective sector. If no defective sector is found during certification, nothing is written to the PDL. Similarly, if a defective sector is found in the recording use area 743 in the spare area 724, the address of the spare sector is written in the PDL.

  As a result of the above-described slipping replacement process, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective sector and the recording use area 743 in the spare area 724 become the information recording use part (logical sector number setting area 735) of the group, and this part is continuous. Assigned logical sector numbers.

  FIG. 31C is a diagram for explaining a skipping replacement algorithm that is another replacement process in the data area 608 of FIG.

  Skipping replacement processing is a processing method suitable for defect processing when it is necessary to record user information continuously (seamlessly) without interruption, such as video information and audio information. This skipping replacement process is executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, in units of ECC blocks (since 1 sector is 2 kbytes, 32 kbytes).

  For example, if one defective ECC block 741 is found after the user area 723a composed of normal ECC blocks, the data scheduled to be recorded in the defective ECC block 741 is the ECC of the normal user area 723b immediately after. It is recorded instead of the block (replacement process 744). Similarly, if k consecutive defective ECC blocks 742 are found, the data scheduled to be recorded in these defective blocks 742 is recorded instead of the k ECC blocks in the normal user area 723c immediately after that. .

  Thus, when 1 + k defective ECC blocks are found in the user area of the corresponding group, the (1 + k) ECC blocks are shifted into the area of the spare area 724, and the extended area used for information recording in the spare area 724 743 is a user information recordable area, where a logical sector number is set. As a result, the unused area 746 in the spare area 724 is reduced by (1 + k) ECC blocks, and the remaining unused area 746 is reduced.

  As a result of the replacement process, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block and the extended area 743 used for information recording become the information recording use portion (logical sector number setting area) in the group. As a method of setting the logical sector number at this time, the user areas 723a to 723c having no defective ECC block are largely maintained at the initial setting (before the replacement process) with the logical sector number allocated in advance unchanged. There are features.

  As a result, the logical sector number previously assigned to each physical sector in the defective ECC block 741 at the time of initialization is moved and set to the first physical sector in the extension area 743 used for information recording as it is. In addition, the logical sector number assigned at the time of initial setting for each physical sector in the k consecutive defective ECC blocks 742 is translated as it is and set in each corresponding physical sector in the extension area 743 used for information recording. The

  In this skipping replacement processing method, even if the DVD-RAM disc has not been certified in advance, replacement processing can be immediately executed for defective sectors found during user information recording.

  FIG. 31D is a diagram for explaining a linear replacement algorithm that is still another replacement process in the data area 608 of FIG.

  This linear replacement process is also executed in units of 16 sectors, that is, ECC block units (32 kbyte units).

  In the linear replacement process, the defective ECC block 751 is replaced (replaced) with a normal spare block (first replacement recording location 753 in the spare area 724) that can be used first in the corresponding group (replacement process 758). In this replacement process, the user information scheduled to be recorded on the defective ECC block 751 is recorded as it is on the replacement recording location 753 in the spare area 724, and the logical sector number setting position is also directly stored on the replacement recording location 753. Moved. Similarly, the user information and the logical sector number setting position scheduled to be recorded for k continuous defective ECC blocks 752 are moved to the alternate recording location 754 in the spare area 724.

  In the case of linear replacement processing and skipping replacement processing, the address of the defective block and the address of the final replacement (replacement) block are written in the SDL. If the replacement block listed in the SDL is later found to be a defective block, it is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In this direct pointer method, by changing the address of a replacement block from that of a defective block to a new one, the SDL entry in which the replaced defective block is registered is corrected. When updating the secondary defect list SDL, the update counter in the SDL is incremented by one.

[Write processing]
When data is written to a certain group of sectors, the defective sectors listed in the primary defect list (PDL) are skipped. Then, according to the above-described slipping replacement process, data to be written to the defective sector is written to the next data sector. If the block to be written is listed in the secondary defect list (SDL), the data to be written to the block is written to the spare block indicated by the SDL according to the above-described linear replacement process or skipping replacement process. It is.

  In the personal computer environment, linear replacement processing is used when recording personal computer files, and skipping replacement processing is used when recording AV files.

[Primary defect list; PDL]
A primary defect list (PDL) is always recorded on a DVD-RAM disc, but its contents can be empty.

  The PDL includes the addresses of all defective sectors specified at initialization. These addresses are listed in ascending order. PDL is recorded with a minimum number of sectors. PDL then starts with the first user byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the PDL are set to 0FFh. The following information is written in this PDL.

Byte position PDL contents 0 00h; PDL identifier 1 01h; PDL identifier 2 Number of addresses in the PDL; MSB
3 Number of addresses in PDL; LSB
4 Address of first defective sector (sector number; MSB)
5 First defective sector address (sector number)
6 First defective sector address (sector number)
7 Address of the first defective sector (sector number; LSB)
::
x-3 Address of the last defective sector (sector number; MSB)
x-2 Last defective sector address (sector number)
x-1 Address (sector number) of the last defective sector
x Address of the last defective sector (sector number; LSB)
* Note: When the 2nd and 3rd bytes are set to 00h, the 3rd byte is the end of the PDL.

  In the case of a primary defect list (PDL) for a multi-sector, the address list of the defective sector follows the first byte of the second and subsequent subsequent sectors. That is, the PDL identifier and the number of PDL addresses exist only in the first sector. When the PDL is empty, the second byte and the third byte are set to 00h, and the fourth to 2047th bytes are set to FFh. Also, FFh is written to unused sectors in the DDS / PDL block.

[Secondary defect list; SDL]
The secondary defect list (SDL) is generated at the initialization stage and used after certification. All discs are recorded with SDL during initialization.

  The SDL includes a plurality of entries in the form of an address of a defective data block and an address of a spare block that replaces the defective block. Each entry in the SDL is assigned 8 bytes. That is, 4 bytes are assigned to the address of the defective block, and the remaining 4 bytes are assigned to the address of the replacement block.

  The address list includes the first address of the defective block and its replacement block. The addresses of defective blocks are assigned in ascending order.

  The SDL is recorded with the minimum required number of sectors, and this SDL starts with the first user data byte of the first sector. All unused bytes in the last sector of the SDL are set to 0FFh. Subsequent information is recorded in each of the four SDLs.

  If the replacement block listed in the SDL is later found to be a defective block, it is registered in the SDL using the direct pointer method. In this direct pointer method, by changing the address of a replacement block from that of a defective block to a new one, the SDL entry in which the replaced defective block is registered is corrected. At that time, the number of entries in the SDL is not changed by the degraded sector.

  The following information is written in this SDL.

Byte position SDL contents 0 (00); SDL identifier 1 (02); SDL identifier 2 (00)
3 (01)
4 Update counter; MSB
5 Update counter 6 Update counter 7 Update counter; LSB
8-26 Reserve (00h)
27-29 Flag indicating that all spare sectors in the zone have been used 30 Number of entries in SDL; MSB
31 Number of entries in SDL; LSB
32 Address of first defective block (sector number; MSB)
33 Address (sector number) of the first defective block
34 Address (sector number) of the first defective block
35 Address of first defective block (sector number; LSB)
36 Address of first replacement block (sector number; MSB)
37 Address of first replacement block (sector number)
38 Address of first replacement block (sector number)
39 Address of first replacement block (sector number; LSB)
::
y-7 Address of the last defective block (sector number; MSB)
y-6 Last defective block address (sector number)
y-5 Last defective block address (sector number)
y-4 Address of the last defective block (sector number; LSB)
y-3 Address of the last replacement block (sector number; MSB)
y-2 Last replacement block address (sector number)
y-1 Last replacement block address (sector number)
y Address of the last replacement block (sector number; LSB)
* Note: Each entry in the 30th to 31st bytes is 8 bytes long.

  In the case of the secondary defect list (SDL) for the multi-sector, the address list of the defective block and the replacement block follows the first byte of the second and subsequent sectors. That is, the 0th to 31st bytes of the SDL contents exist only in the first sector. Also, FFh is written in unused sectors in the SDL block.

  FIG. 32 is a flowchart for explaining an example of the logical block number setting operation for a DVD-RAM disk or the like.

  When the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is loaded on the rotary table 221 of FIG. 11 (step ST131), the control unit 220 starts the rotation of the spindle motor 204 (step ST132).

  After the rotation of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is started, laser light emission of the optical head 202 is started (step ST133), and the focus servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on (step ST134).

  After the laser emission, the control unit 220 operates the optical head moving mechanism (feed motor) 203 to move the optical head 202 to the lead-in area 607 of the rotating information storage medium (optical disk) 201 (step ST135). Then, the track servo loop of the objective lens in the optical head 202 is turned on (step ST136).

  When the track servo becomes active, the optical head 202 reproduces information in the control data zone 655 (see FIG. 24) in the lead-in area 607 of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 (step ST137). By reproducing the book type and part version 671 in the control data zone 655, the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 that is currently rotationally driven is a recordable medium (DVD-RAM disk or DVD-R disk). (Step ST138). Here, it is assumed that the information recording medium 201 is a DVD-RAM disk.

  When it is confirmed that the information storage medium (optical disc) 201 is a DVD-RAM disc, the optimum light amount (semiconductor laser emission power and emission period or duty ratio) from the control data zone 655 to be reproduced is reproduced. Etc.) is reproduced (step ST139).

  Subsequently, the control unit 220 creates a conversion table (see FIG. 26) between the physical sector number and the logical sector number, assuming that the DVD-RAM disk 201 currently being rotationally driven is free from defects (step ST140).

  After the conversion table is created, the control unit 220 reproduces the defect management area DMA1 / DMA2 663 in the lead-in area 607 and the defect management area DMA3 / DMA4 691 in the lead-out area 609 of the information storage medium (optical disk) 201. Then, the defect distribution of the information storage medium (optical disc) 201 at that time is investigated (step ST141).

  When the defect distribution on the information storage medium (optical disc) 201 is found by the defect distribution investigation, the control unit 220 corrects the conversion table created as “no defect” in step ST140 according to the actual defect distribution. (Step ST142). More specifically, the logical sector number LSN corresponding to the physical sector number PSN is shifted in each sector determined to be defective.

  FIG. 33 is a flowchart for explaining an example of a defect processing operation (drive-side processing) in, for example, a DVD-RAM disk. The flowchart of FIG. 33 will be described below with reference to FIG.

  First, for example, for the MPU in the control unit 220, the head logical block number LBN of the information to be recorded on the information recording medium (for example, DVD-RAM disk) 201 currently loaded in the drive and the file size of the recording information are designated. (Step ST151).

  Then, the MPU of the control unit 220 calculates the top logical sector number LSN of the information to be recorded from the top logical block number LBN specified using FIGS. 12 and 13 (step ST152). The write logical sector number to the information storage medium (optical disk) 201 is determined from the head logical sector number LSN thus calculated and the specified file size.

  Next, the MPU of the control unit 220 writes the recording information file to the designated address of the DVD-RAM disk 201 and checks for defects on the disk 201 (step ST153).

  If no defect is detected during writing of the file, the recording information file has been recorded in the predetermined logical sector number without any abnormality (that is, no error has occurred), and the recording process is completed normally (step ST155).

  On the other hand, if a defect is detected during file writing, a predetermined replacement process (eg, a linear replacement algorithm in FIG. 31D) is executed (step ST156).

  After this replacement process, the newly detected defect is additionally registered in DMA1 / DMA2 663 in the lead-in area 607 and DMA3 / DMA4 691 in the lead-out area 609 (see FIG. 24 and FIG. 25) (step ST157). ). After the additional registration of DMA1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 691 to the information storage medium (optical disk) 201, based on the registration contents of DMA1 / DMA2 663 and DMA3 / DMA4 691, the conversion table created in step ST140 of FIG. Is corrected (step ST158).

  When recording a video file according to the present invention, the skipping replacement method shown in FIG.

A unique “AV address” is used in the video file of the present invention. To set the AV address,
(*) Set in logical block or physical sector size unit of 2048 kbytes.

(*) The address ascending order is matched with the order of description of the allocation descriptor in the file entry corresponding to the video file. In the example of FIG. 22D, the value of the AV address increases in the order of LBN C, D, E, B.

(*) The LBN that has been reset to the spare area by skipping replacement is not included in the AV address, and the AVN is skipped for the LBN portion to set a continuous AV address. Recording is performed only in a sector (logical block) having no defect in the user area 723 (FIG. 26), and all AV addresses are serial numbers.

Set according to the rules.

Information about each cell shown in FIG. 9 is recorded in the cell time control information 1104 as shown in FIG. 1 (f), and its contents are as shown in FIG. 1 (g).
Cell time information # 1 1113 to #m 1115. Information regarding each of the cells 1121 to 1124.

Cell time search information 1112: Map information indicating the description position (AV address) of cell time information corresponding to a specific cell ID specified.

Cell time control general information 1111: Information related to the entire cell information.

Each cell time information has a cell time general information #m 1116 and a cell VOBU table #m 1117, respectively.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the data structure in the cell time information. The recording position of each cell 84 shown in FIG. 5 in the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) shown in FIG. 2 (this video data matches the recording content of the video object 1012 in FIG. 1D). Cell time control general information 1111 and recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) shown in FIG. 2 (this information is the same as the data in the control information 1011 of FIG. 1D). It is composed of cell time search information 1112 in which LBN (logical block number) information 2011 to 2013 of the place where time information is recorded is recorded.

  The cell time control general information 1111 describes the recording position using the AV address described above. As the position information of each cell, the AV address 2002, 2004, 2006 at the head position and the respective data sizes 2003, 2005, 2007 are described in FIG. 7, whereas in the other example of FIG. Describes the AV addresses 2023, 2025, and 2027 at the end positions.

  Content of cell time information recorded in the recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) (this information is the same as the data in the control information 1011 in FIG. 1D) shown in FIG. Is shown in FIG. Cell time general information 1116 indicates general information regarding each cell. A playback speed 2033 is recorded for each cell, and variable speed playback such as playback of only the CM portion at high speed is possible.

  In addition, password 2034 and permission 2035 can be recorded for each cell, and security can be secured and parental lock can be applied. The permission setting contents applied to each cell are as shown in FIG. Erase / write priority rank information 2037 indicating the priority of erasure designation information 2036 by the user as an erasure level that can be restored by UNDO, such as “trash box” on a PC, and priority that can be automatically erased according to the remaining amount at the time of recording. Is also configurable.

  The time code in the present invention uses the cell VOBU table 1117 of FIG. That is, it is represented by a set of the number of video frames 2042, 2044, 2046 included in the cell and the data size (number of used sectors) 2041, 2043, 2045 for each VOBU. By using this notation method, the time code can be recorded with a very small amount of information. The access method using this time code will be described below.

1. The cell that the user wants to access and its time are specified.

2. The MPU of the microcomputer block 30 shown in FIG. 10 calculates the video frame number from the cell start position of the corresponding video frame from this designated time.

3. The MPU sequentially calculates the total number of video frames 2042 to 2046 for each VOBU from the beginning of the cell shown in FIG. 34, and the video frame specified by the user corresponds to what numbered video frame in the numbered VOBU from the beginning. To figure out.

4). From the cell time control general information 1111 in FIG. 7 or FIG. 8, the recording positions on the information storage medium of all the data in the cell are determined.

  The detailed structure of the data in the video file and the additional recording method by partial erasure and recording will be described with reference to FIG. A batch recorded continuously on an information storage medium for VOB in a video file is expressed by an extent as in UDF. In FIG. 35A, each of VOB # 1 and VOB # 2 is composed of one extent (extent #a and extent #b).

  In FIG. 35 (a), cell D is deleted from the PGC information shown in FIG. 9 (b) and cannot be viewed by the user during playback because cell D is designated to be deleted by the user in the same manner as the PC trash box file. However, there is a possibility that it is re-registered in the PGC information shown in FIG.

  When the partial complete erasure is designated by the user for the first part in the cell B in FIG. 35A, the MPU in FIG. The number of seconds from which data is completely erased) is used to determine which VOBU the corresponding time range corresponds to using the cell VOBU table 1117 of FIG.

  Next, the VOBU including the boundary time of complete erasure (in FIG. 35A, the fourth VOBU from the beginning in the cell B corresponds) is removed from the complete erasure target. By this method, the MPU in FIG. 10 determines the VOBU to be completely erased, and erases the corresponding part as shown in FIG.

  Next, when receiving information that the user wants to additionally record very large video information from the user, the MPU in FIG. 10 maps all the AV addresses in the video file, and already records from the VOB position information in FIG. The AV address of a certain part is erased. As a result, the address of the unrecorded area is searched from the remaining AV address part. The sizes of all the unrecorded areas are summed and compared with the size of the additionally recorded video information specified in advance by the user.

  If the size of all unrecorded areas is insufficient, the erase designated area is completely erased as shown in FIG. If the size is still insufficient, the erase / overwrite priority rank information 2037 is read from the cell time general information 1116 in FIG. 34, and the MPU in FIG. As a result, VOB # 3 data is filled in the vacant unrecorded area as shown in FIG. In FIG. 35 (d), the cell E is recorded in two places. In FIG. 35 (d), the data of VOB # 3 is divided and recorded in three extents (extent #c, extent #d, and extent #e).

  FIG. 36 shows the data structure in the VOB control information 1106 shown in FIG. It is mainly composed of information indicating the relationship between the VOB position information and the cell information belonging to each VOB. As shown in FIG. 35, one VOB can be distributed and arranged at a plurality of locations in the video file. A batch that is continuously recorded in a video file in a VOB is expressed by an extent as in UDF. Since the AV address size in the video file is known in advance, by deleting the position information of all VOBs in FIG. 36 from the mapping of all AV addresses, the remaining AV address portion becomes the address of the unrecorded area in the video file. I understand that.

  Various operations in the information reproducing apparatus or information recording / reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 10 will be described.

(*) Processing when the user accidentally erases recording / playback video data When the information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is loaded, the recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) is played back by the information recording / playback unit 32. Thereafter, assuming that the user accidentally erases the recording / playback video data, the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB), still image data (RWPICTURE_OBJECT.POB), thumbnail image data (RWTHUMBNAIL_OBJECT.POB), audio data ( Go to search for RWAAUDIO_OBJECT.AOB). Therefore, if any data is missing, a comment “No specific file is found” is displayed on the DVD video recorder display unit 48.

(*) Initial Video File Size Setting Method A new information storage medium (optical disc 1001) is loaded for the first time, and recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) is played back by the information recording / playback unit 32. When the MPU knows that the recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) has not been created, it will create a recordable area in the DVD video recorder display 48. How many hours of recording can be set as standard? "And display the user's response. The video file size is automatically calculated from the answer result from the user, and the file of recording / playback video data (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB) is registered on the UDF.

(*) Address conversion between LBN and AV address using DMA information When a DVD-RAM is used as an information storage medium, the DMA area is read and address conversion between LBN and AV address is performed. The means for reading the defect position information from the information storage medium means the information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. 10, and the conversion for converting between the logical address and the AV address from the defect position information obtained by the means for reading the defect position information. The means corresponds to the MPU in FIG.

(*) UDF and AV address linked processing in accordance with video file size change As shown in FIG. 22 (d), the file size may need to be changed with respect to the initially set video file size. The MPU in FIG. 10 calculates change information on the UDF as means for creating file system change information in accordance with the video file size change. Then, the result is recorded on the information storage medium (optical disk 1001) by the information recording / reproducing unit 32 of FIG. At the same time, the MPU is also responsible for creating the change information of the AV address setting state in the video file in accordance with the file / system change information, and the result is transferred from the information recording / reproducing unit 32 to the information storage medium (optical disc 1001). The recording / playback video management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO) shown in FIG.

(*) Cell / VOB address change accompanying video file size change The MPU in FIG. 10 is also responsible for creating file / system change information in accordance with the video file size change, and stores information in accordance with the file / system change information. The information recording / reproducing unit 32 corresponds to a means for changing (rewriting) at least a part of the address information recorded on the medium or the address information recorded on the VOB.

(*) Determining the unrecorded position on the disc from the address arrangement information of the cell or VOB This operation is as described in the explanation of FIG. Means for reading the information of the set of the start address and cell size or the set of the start address and the last address for each VOB or for each cell from the information storage medium shows the information recording / reproducing unit 32 of FIG. The means for extracting the address of the unrecorded area in the video file from the VOB address information or the address information of each cell means MPU.

(*) Implementation of permission processing in accordance with permission settings in units of cells or VOBs Information recorded in units of files, and information recorded in the files can be read by a reproduction operation, and video having at least video information Files and
A management file having management information related to a playback control method of video information recorded in the video file is recorded;
In addition, the video information in the video file has a unit of cell unit or VOB unit, and further, for an information storage medium in which permission setting information is recorded on the management file in cell unit or VOB unit,
The information recording / reproducing unit 32 corresponds to the means for reproducing the permission information from the information storage medium, and the MPU is also responsible for the display control means for performing display control of the reproduced video based on the reproduced permission information. The recording / erasing means for performing recording / erasing control of the video based on the reproduced permission information also indicates MPU.

(*) The cell or VOB is resized based on the VOBU unit. When the video information in the video file is partially erased, the first discrimination means for discriminating the cell or VOB related to the video portion to be erased is shown in FIG. Similarly, the MPU determines all the VOBUs constituting the cell or VOB extracted by the first determining means (MPU) using the cell VOBU table 1117 of FIG. Further, the MPU discriminates the VOBU corresponding to the video part to be erased, excludes the VOBU whose boundary position of the video part to be erased coincides with the center position (of the corresponding VOBU) from the VOBU to be erased. For the cell or VOB determined by the determination means (MPU), the erasure target determined by the third determination means (MPU) from the VOBU constituting the cell or VOB determined by the second determination means (MPU). Recording / playback video management data by changing the VOBU information constituting the cell or VOB based on the result of the first determination means (MPU) and the first determination means (MPU). The information recording / reproducing unit 32 in FIG. 10 corresponds to the recording means.

  As described above, according to the present invention, since one video file that can be recorded and reproduced is stored on the information storage medium, if the user accidentally deletes the video file, an abnormality is detected at the start of reproduction (or before reproduction is started). Can be informed. When the existence of a plurality of video files is permitted as in a conventional DVD video disc, if the user deletes one of the video files by mistake, the information reproducing apparatus or the information recording / reproducing apparatus does not notice that fact. In this case, an error is displayed only in the order in which playback is started and the erased video file is played back, which causes confusion for the user. The present invention can eliminate the above-mentioned adverse effects.

  Since the information reproducing apparatus and the information recording / reproducing apparatus access only the video file (RWVIDEO_OBJECT.VOB in FIG. 2) whose file name is specified when recording / reproducing the video information, the user mistakenly (under the subdirectory of RWV_TS) Even if a similar video file is arranged, the information reproducing apparatus and the information recording / reproducing apparatus ignore the file, so that a large influence can be avoided.

One video file that can be recorded and played back on the information storage medium is set by one PGC so that all video information recorded in this video file can be played back sequentially. It is easier for users who are familiar with the method of recording on a book tape. It becomes easy to display all video information recorded by the above method as a continuous connection like a single tape. In addition, as a result of enabling the definition of the unrecorded area in the video file that can be handled as if recording and erasing / reproducing a specific place on one tape for the user by the above method,
(A) When partial erasure of data in a file is performed, processing for changing the erasure location to an unrecorded area without reducing the video file size,
(B) Record additional data in an unrecorded area in the file without changing the overall file size.
Etc. can be done.

  For this reason, it is not necessary to change the video file size every time video information is partially deleted or video information is added. When the video file size does not need to be changed, information on only the changed part, such as the erased place and the additional data recording place in the unrecorded area, is not changed without changing the place in the video file that is not changed. Rewriting is possible.

  When changing the contents of a video file with an enormous file size, compared to the conventional method in which the entire file is re-recorded, the data change to the information storage medium is performed by rewriting the information of only the changed part in the video file according to the present invention. Time is greatly reduced.

  An application that processes video files without depending on the file system (UDF) by having an unrecorded area in the video file and having playback order information (PGC) of all reproducible video information in the video file The software side can set the video information recording location in the video file. As a result, it is possible to set the video information recording location in accordance with the playback order information (PGC), and the continuous recording and continuous playback of the video information becomes easy.

  The setting of the recording location [recording address: LBN (Logical Block Number)] of each file on the information storage medium is left to a file system such as UDF or FAT. However, since only the file name and the file size information are given to the UDF and FAT, the recording positions of the file sizes given to the empty areas on the information storage medium are sequentially applied.

  That is, since PCG information is not given to UDF or FAT, it is impossible to set a recording location suitable for continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information. By having an unrecorded area in the video file, it is not necessary to change the video file size for the addition or partial deletion of a small amount of video information. As a result, on the file system such as UDF or FAT, the recording location (recording address) of the video file at the time of adding a small amount of video information or partial erasing is not changed, and the recording location or partial erasing location of the video information to be added Can be managed on the application software side that processes the video file (the application software side designates the LBN of the place to be partially erased or rewritten from the application software side to the file system side such as UDF and performs the partial rewriting process). Since the application software knows the reproduction order information (PGC) of all reproducible video information in the video file, it can designate an address at which continuous recording and continuous reproduction can be performed in accordance with the PGC information.

  Only one video file can be recorded on the information storage medium, and the unrecorded area can be defined in the video file. As a result, a video file and general computer data in which video information is recorded on the same information storage medium Even if a computer file having recorded therein is mixedly recorded, video information can be recorded in a concentrated manner on a specific location on the information storage medium, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information is facilitated.

  That is, consider a case where a video file and a computer file are mixedly recorded on the same information storage medium. An address (LBN: Logical Block Number) indicating a recording location of the computer file on the information storage medium is set on a file system such as UDF, and as a result, the computer file may be widely scattered on the information storage medium.

  When a video file is recorded thereafter, the video file may be file-entry as a collection of a plurality of extents that are sewn between scattered computer files and are located far away from each other. Furthermore, in the case of a conventional file structure that has no unrecorded area in the file, the video file size changes each time video information in the file is partially deleted or added, and the recording location on the information storage medium is changed each time. The allocation shown (the extent distribution status where the video file is recorded) changes.

  For example, a very large video file (assigned consecutive addresses are allocated to the allocation descriptor of the file entry of this video file) that is localized in one place on the information storage medium by long-time recording first, and then If the intermediate part of the recorded video information is deleted, if there is no unrecorded area in the file as in the past, the result of this partial deletion is that the video file allocation is divided into two locations on the information storage medium. Is done.

  Thereafter, PC data may be recorded in the deleted portion. After the PC data is recorded at this location, when the video file size is further expanded by the recording process, it is necessary to record at a position far away from the recording area of the existing video file on the information storage medium. As described above, when one video file is scattered at a position distant from the information storage medium, continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information is hindered.

  By securing an unrecorded area in the same video file as in the present invention, the recording position of the video file is not dispersed on the information storage medium even if partial erasure and additional recording are repeated, and video information is continuously recorded. Recording and continuous playback are easy.

  Since the start address and size information for each cell or each VOB is recorded on the information storage medium, the cell (or VOB) arrangement distribution in the video file can be detected at high speed. The location of the unrecorded area can be detected immediately.

  Therefore, a series of recording start processes can be performed at a high speed by detecting unrecorded locations in the video file after starting management data (RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO in FIG. 2) and starting recording. When individual video information is stored in separate video files as in the conventional example of FIG. 37, there is no unrecorded area in the video file. Only when the video information to be recorded on the information storage medium is stored in one video file as in the present invention, an “unrecorded area in the video file” occurs, and a cell ( Alternatively, VOB) distribution information is required.

  With the change of the video file size [because the correspondence between AV address and LBN (Logical Block Number) changes], it is necessary to partially change the address of the cell and VOB. Since the cell and VOB address information recorded in the cell time general information (and VOB control information) is described as a combination of each start address and size, only the start address is changed when the above address is changed. Change is sufficient, and the amount of change in management data is small.

  In the DVD video disc standard, the start address and end address of the cell piece are recorded in the video title set cell piece (VTS_CPI) in the video title set cell address table (VTS_C_ADT). In this case, it is necessary to change both the start address and the end address when changing the address. However, in the above method, it is not necessary to change the cell size or the VOB size.

  It is possible to set fine permissions in cell units or VOB units. In the DVD video disc standard, the parental lock function is performed in units of video titles or PGCs. On the UDF, permission settings can be set for each file.

  However, in the present invention, since the information storage medium has a PGC that allows one video file and the entire video information to be seen, fine permission setting, parental lock setting or security management according to the video information cannot be performed. In the present invention, since a flag for permission setting is provided for each cell or VOB, detailed setting is possible for the first time.

  An AV address that avoids (skips) an LBN (Logical Block Number) that has been subjected to replacement processing for a defect position using DMA information of an information storage medium (DVD-RAM) is set, and video information is recorded according to the AV address. Therefore, it is easy to ensure continuous recording and continuous reproduction of video information.

  In the DVD-RAM standard, the physical arrangement position on the information storage medium (DVD-RAM) of the logical block (logical sector) subjected to linear replacement or skipping replacement exists in the spare area. Therefore, when video information is recorded according to LBN, access processing to the spare area is required for the LBN subjected to the replacement process, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction of the video information are hindered. Since the AV address of the present invention is set so as not to include the LBN subjected to the replacement process, the number of unnecessary accesses is reduced, and continuous recording and continuous reproduction are facilitated.

  Since the cell size or VOB size change associated with the partial erasure of the video information is performed in units of VOBU, re-encoding is not necessary, and it can be performed at high speed by changing only the management data (for example, RWVIDEO_CONTROL.IFO in FIG. 2). .

  Since the conventional DVD video disc is exclusively for reproduction, there is no need to change the cell size or VOB size by partially deleting video information. The cell size or VOB size needs to be changed for the first time in the recordable information storage medium of the present invention. The method of the present invention can change the cell size or VOB size faster and more easily than the case of performing VOBU re-creation (re-encoding) every time the cell size or VOB size is changed.

  Since the VOB in the information storage medium of the present invention can be recorded across one or more chunks of the recording area, a plurality of video areas are formed in a “stepping stone” manner between the video information scattered and recorded in the video file. Can be recorded across the lump.

  In the case of the data structure of the information storage medium of the present invention, since all video information is recorded in one video file, recorded information is scattered in the video file during repeated recording and partial erasure. . As a result, a large number of unrecorded areas of small size are distributed in the video file.

  When a VOB is recorded only in a continuous address area at the time of recording, a place where a large size VOB can be recorded is limited, and a recordable capacity in the video file is reduced. By making it possible to record one VOB across a plurality of video area blocks arranged at positions apart from each other in the video file as in the present invention, a large number of small-sized unrecorded video areas are distributed. You can record without wasting a lump.

The figure shown in order to demonstrate the hierarchical structure of the information recorded on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the directory structure of the information (data file) recorded on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the other directory structure of the information (data file) recorded on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the further another directory structure of the information (data file) recorded on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the relationship between a video object and a cell. The figure shown in order to demonstrate PGC control information. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the data structure of cell time control general information and cell time search information. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the other example of the data structure of cell time control general information and cell time search information. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the relationship between a cell and PGC information. The block block diagram which shows the information recording / reproducing apparatus with respect to an optical disk. The block block diagram which shows the detail of the information recording / reproducing part of the information recording / reproducing apparatus. The 1st partial diagram for demonstrating an example of the file system constructed | assembled based on UDF. FIG. 13 is a second partial view for explaining an example of a file system constructed based on UDF together with FIG. 12. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the basic relationship between the hierarchical file system structure shown in FIG. 2, and the information content recorded on the optical disk. The figure shown in order to extract and demonstrate a part of file ID descriptor describing the information of a file (a root directory, a subdirectory, file data, etc.) in the file structure with the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to extract and demonstrate a part of description content of the file entry which displays the recording position of the designated file in the file structure with the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the description content of the long allocation descriptor which displays the recording position of the continuous sector aggregate | assembly (extent) on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the description content of the short allocation descriptor which displays the recording position of the continuous sector aggregate | assembly (extent) on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to search the content of the description sentence used as a space entry for searching the unrecorded continuous sector aggregate (unrecorded extent) on the optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate an example of the structure of the file system with the hierarchical structure shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the setting method of the conventional file recording position at the time of using UDF. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the setting method of the file recording position at the time of using UDF concerning this invention. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the layout of the RAM layer of the optical disk shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the detail of the lead-in area part in the layout shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the detail of the lead-out area part in the layout shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the detail of the data area part in the layout shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the structure of the sector contained in the data area part shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the recording unit (ECC unit) of the information contained in the data area part shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the relationship between the zone and group in the data area shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the setting method of the logical sector in the data area shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the replacement process in the data area shown in FIG. The flowchart shown in order to demonstrate an example of the setting operation | movement of the logical block number with respect to a use medium. The flowchart shown in order to demonstrate an example of the defect processing operation | movement of a use medium. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the data structure in the cell time information shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the detail of the data in a video file shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the detail of the data in VOB control information shown in FIG. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the conventional directory structure of the information (data file) recorded on an optical disk. The figure shown in order to demonstrate the conventional relationship between a cell and PGC information.

Explanation of symbols

  30 ... Microcomputer block, 32 ... Information recording / playback unit, 34 ... Billions of copies, 36 ... Data processor, 38 ... STC, 42 ... Input AV, 44 ... TV tuner, 46 ... AV output, 48 ... DVD video recorder display unit 52 ... ADC, 53 ... V encoder, 54 ... A encoder, 55 ... SP encoder, 56 ... formatter, 57 ... buffer memory, 62 ... separator, 63 ... memory, 64 ... V decoder, 65 ... SP decoder, 66 ... video Processor: 67 ... V-DAC, 68 ... A decoder, 69 ... A-DAC, 100 ... Disc changer unit, 201 ... Information storage medium (optical disc), 202 ... Optical head, 203 ... Optical head moving mechanism (feed motor), 204 ... Spindle motor, 205 ... Semiconductor laser drive circuit, 206 ... Recording / reproduction / Erase control waveform generation circuit, 207 ... modulation circuit, 208 ... ECC encoding circuit, 209 ... error correction circuit, 210 ... demodulation circuit, 211 ... PLL circuit, 212 ... binarization circuit, 213 ... amplifier, 214 ... information storage medium Rotating speed detecting circuit, 215... Spindle motor driving circuit, 216... Feed motor driving circuit, 217... Focus / track error detecting circuit, 218... Objective lens actuator driving circuit, 219. 222 Data input / output interface unit.

Claims (5)

In an information storage medium capable of recording management file and file system information including video file and recording / playback video management data,
In the video file, a video object including video information is recorded, and an unrecorded area where a new video object can be recorded is allowed,
The video file recorded on the information storage medium is composed of extents that are continuous groups,
One video object containing video information can be distributed and arranged in multiple locations for each extent,
A continuous AV address is set in the video file,
Pre-recording / re-video management data includes head address information of the video object described by the AV address;
A logical block number is set for the logical block,
The file system information includes a file entry describing a recording position of the video file and a file identifier descriptor,
The file entry includes an allocation descriptor;
The AV address order is set in accordance with the description order of the allocation descriptor in the file entry,
The allocation descriptor includes length information and position information of the extent;
Furthermore, in the allocation descriptor, the position information of the extent is designated by the logical block number,
Said file Identifier descriptor corresponding includes a long allocation descriptor indicating the recording position of the file entry, the long allocation descriptor is seen contains position information and length information of the extent about the file entry,
The file identifier descriptor includes a descriptor tag including identification information described as 257 . In an information storage medium capable of recording management file and file system information including video file and recording / playback video management data,
In the video file, a video object including video information is recorded, and an unrecorded area where a new video object can be recorded is allowed,
The video file recorded on the information storage medium is composed of extents that are continuous groups,
One video object containing video information can be distributed and arranged in multiple locations for each extent,
A continuous AV address is set in the video file,
Pre-recording / re-video management data includes head address information of the video object described by the AV address;
A logical block number is set for the logical block,
The file system information includes a file entry describing a recording position of the video file and a file identifier descriptor,
The file entry includes an allocation descriptor;
The AV address order is set in accordance with the description order of the allocation descriptor in the file entry,
The allocation descriptor includes length information and position information of the extent;
Furthermore, in the allocation descriptor, the position information of the extent is designated by the logical block number,
Said file Identifier descriptor corresponding includes a long allocation descriptor indicating the recording position of the file entry, the long allocation descriptor is seen contains position information and length information of the extent about the file entry,
The file identifier descriptor has a descriptor tag including identification information described as 257,
An information reproducing method comprising: reading information of the file system; accessing the video file; and reproducing data. In an information storage medium capable of recording management file and file system information including video file and recording / playback video management data,
In the video file, a video object including video information is recorded, and an unrecorded area where a new video object can be recorded is allowed,
The video file recorded on the information storage medium is composed of extents that are continuous groups,
One video object containing video information can be distributed and arranged in multiple locations for each extent,
A continuous AV address is set in the video file,
Pre-recording / re-video management data includes head address information of the video object described by the AV address;
A logical block number is set for the logical block,
The file system information includes a file entry describing a recording position of the video file and a file identifier descriptor,
The file entry includes an allocation descriptor;
The AV address order is set in accordance with the description order of the allocation descriptor in the file entry,
The allocation descriptor includes length information and position information of the extent;
Furthermore, in the allocation descriptor, the position information of the extent is designated by the logical block number,
Said file Identifier descriptor corresponding includes a long allocation descriptor indicating the recording position of the file entry, the long allocation descriptor is seen contains position information and length information of the extent about the file entry,
The file identifier descriptor has a descriptor tag including identification information described as 257,
An information recording method comprising recording the file system information and video information of the video file. In an information storage medium capable of recording management file and file system information including video file and recording / playback video management data,
In the video file, a video object including video information is recorded, and an unrecorded area where a new video object can be recorded is allowed,
The video file recorded on the information storage medium is composed of extents that are continuous groups,
One video object containing video information can be distributed and arranged in multiple locations for each extent,
A continuous AV address is set in the video file,
Pre-recording / re-video management data includes head address information of the video object described by the AV address;
A logical block number is set for the logical block,
The file system information includes a file entry describing a recording position of the video file and a file identifier descriptor,
The file entry includes an allocation descriptor;
The AV address order is set in accordance with the description order of the allocation descriptor in the file entry,
The allocation descriptor includes length information and position information of the extent;
Furthermore, in the allocation descriptor, the position information of the extent is designated by the logical block number,
Said file Identifier descriptor corresponding includes a long allocation descriptor indicating the recording position of the file entry, the long allocation descriptor is seen contains position information and length information of the extent about the file entry,
The file identifier descriptor has a descriptor tag including identification information described as 257,
An information reproducing apparatus comprising means for reading information of the file system and accessing the video file to reproduce data. In an information storage medium capable of recording management file and file system information including video file and recording / playback video management data,
In the video file, a video object including video information is recorded, and an unrecorded area where a new video object can be recorded is allowed,
The video file recorded on the information storage medium is composed of extents that are continuous groups,
One video object containing video information can be distributed and arranged in multiple locations for each extent,
A continuous AV address is set in the video file,
Pre-recording / re-video management data includes head address information of the video object described by the AV address;
A logical block number is set for the logical block,
The file system information includes a file entry describing a recording position of the video file and a file identifier descriptor,
The file entry includes an allocation descriptor;
The AV address order is set in accordance with the description order of the allocation descriptor in the file entry,
The allocation descriptor includes length information and position information of the extent;
Furthermore, in the allocation descriptor, the position information of the extent is designated by the logical block number,
Said file Identifier descriptor corresponding includes a long allocation descriptor indicating the recording position of the file entry, the long allocation descriptor is seen contains position information and length information of the extent about the file entry,
The file identifier descriptor has a descriptor tag including identification information described as 257,
An information recording apparatus comprising means for recording the file system information and video information of the video file.

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