JP3958409B2 - Activation method of activated sludge - Google Patents

Activation method of activated sludge Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3958409B2
JP3958409B2 JP20420097A JP20420097A JP3958409B2 JP 3958409 B2 JP3958409 B2 JP 3958409B2 JP 20420097 A JP20420097 A JP 20420097A JP 20420097 A JP20420097 A JP 20420097A JP 3958409 B2 JP3958409 B2 JP 3958409B2
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Prior art keywords
activated sludge
sludge
bulking
tank
aeration tank
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JPH1147783A (en
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哲也 伊藤
光紀 前田
恭明 橋本
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、生活排水や産業排水・廃水等の汚水処理施設において、活性汚泥を活性化する方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来より、有機物を含有する生活排水や産業排水・廃水等の汚水処理方法として活性汚泥法が広く採用されている。この活性汚泥法は、有機物含有汚水を曝気することにより、好気性のバクテリアや原生動物の凝集体であるフロックを形成させ、このフロックにより有機物を吸着・分解させたのち、重力によりこのフロックが沈殿する性質を利用することで上澄み水(処理水)を得るという汚水原水の処理方法である。この活性汚泥法は古くから都市下水の処理に利用され、産業排水・廃水等の汚水処理にも広く一般的に利用されている。
【0003】
また、活性汚泥法において用いられる処理施設・装置は、第1次沈殿槽、曝気槽、最終沈殿槽及び汚泥返送手段等からなり、第1次沈殿槽は原水の汚濁の程度によって省略される場合もあり、また余剰の汚泥はさらに濃縮された後、脱水ケーキにされたり、燃焼されていた。
【0004】
この活性汚泥法に関与する生物は、主としてバクテリアの集団であるが、この他、原生動物、後生動物等も出現することが知られている。また、沈降不良となった活性汚泥には有害な糸状性微生物が見出される。
【0005】
かかる糸状性微生物が引き起こす、活性汚泥が沈降不良となるバルキング現象は、活性汚泥法における最大の問題であるといわれ、活性汚泥中の微生物相の生育バランスが崩れ、フロック形成菌よりも糸状性微生物が優勢となることがその原因であるといわれている。そして、ひとたびバルキングが発生すると、活性汚泥が膨化を起こし沈殿しにくくなり、沈殿槽において活性汚泥と処理水との界面を得ることが不可能となって、活性汚泥が流出し、環境汚染の原因となっていた。さらに、活性汚泥の流出により、曝気槽内の活性汚泥のMLSS(曝気槽混合液内の浮遊物質)濃度が維持されず、排水・廃水中に溶解している有機物の活性汚泥による生物分解が不良となり、より一層の環境汚染をもたらしていた。
【0006】
従来、バルキング現象が発生した場合、活性汚泥の沈降性を大きくする目的で、無機凝集剤や高分子凝集剤の投入などが行われるのが一般的であり、これら薬剤が廉価なこともあって、各廃水処理施設において多用されている。さらに、廉価な殺菌剤である塩素や各種バルキング防除剤などを曝気槽に直接投入することによるバルキングの防除も行われていた。
【0007】
【発明が解決すべき課題】
活性汚泥処理システムへの凝集剤の添加は、活性汚泥の沈降性悪化を一時的に解決するが、単なる応急処置にすぎず、バルキングの原因である糸状性微生物の生育を抑制しているわけではないので、バルキングの再発防止には有効でない。また、塩素等の殺菌剤は選択性がないため、バルキングの原因となる糸状性微生物の生育のみならず、活性汚泥の有用な生物の生育に多大なる悪影響を与え、バルキング防除後に水質が極端に悪化してしまうことや、有用微生物の死滅によるバルキングの再発を誘発するという問題があった。
【0008】
また、バルキング防除剤を活性汚泥処理施設における汚水処理能力の低下した曝気槽へ直接投入した場合、フロック形成菌等の生物活性の低下や活性汚泥の沈降性悪化を一時的に解決することができるが、単なる応急処置にすぎず、バルキング防除剤等の投入を中止すると再びフロック形成菌等の生物活性の低下や活性汚泥の沈降性悪化が生じるという問題があり、到底効率的かつ恒常的な汚水処理といい得るものではなかった。
【0009】
本発明の課題は、生活排水や産業排水・廃水等の汚水処理施設において、水質を悪化させることなく、また、有用なフロック形成菌の生育を阻害することなく、バルキング現象の発生を防止し、曝気槽内の活性汚泥を恒常的に活性化することができる効率的かつ経済的な方法を提供することにある。
【0010】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明者らは、バルキング現象発生のメカニズム解明という基礎的な研究を行っていた過程において、バルキング防除剤と返送汚泥とを汚泥培養槽中で長時間接触せしめたものを曝気槽内へ継続して還流させたところ、曝気槽内のフロック形成菌が生長・増殖し、バルキングの原因となる糸状性微生物が死滅していく現象を見出し、本発明を完成するに至った。
【0011】
すなわち、本発明は、バルキング防除剤と返送汚泥、汚水原水、曝気槽水、曝気処理水等の汚泥活性化媒体とを混合槽中、回分式又は連続式の通気撹拌条件下等で24時間を超えて96時間以下接触せしめて得られる汚泥活性化物を、曝気槽の原水流入側等の曝気槽内で滞留時間がとれる場所に流入させることを特徴とする活性汚泥の活性化方法に関する。
【0012】
さらに、本発明は、混合槽中に、バルキング防除剤の他に好気性微生物、酵素剤等を定期的に補給することを特徴とする上記活性汚泥の活性化方法に関する。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明において汚水とは、生活排水や産業排水・廃水等の有機物などにより汚染された水をいい、また、本発明においては、活性汚泥処理装置に流入するこれら汚水を原水又は汚水原水ということがある。
【0014】
本発明におけるバルキング防除剤としては、特公昭58−14274号公報に記載されたジチオカルバミン酸塩、特開昭55−11536号公報に記載されたヨードプロパギル誘導体、特開昭55−147196号公報に記載されたビスビグアニド誘導体、特公昭63−39562号公報に記載された塩化ベンザルコニウムや塩化ベンゼトニウム、特公平1−37364号公報に記載された塩酸クロロヘキシジンやグルコン酸クロルヘキシジン、特公平1−49560号公報に記載されたアクリル酸ヒドラジド系高分子化合物やアミノ基又は第4級アンモニウム塩を含有する高分子化合物やスルファミン酸等酸又はその塩、特開昭62−168599号公報に記載された第四級アンモニウム塩、チオシアネート類及びハロゲン化アセトキシアルケン類からなる殺菌剤等、特開平4−74595号公報に記載された別々に添加されるアルキレンイミン重合体等と次亜塩素酸ナトリウム等、特開平5−146790号公報に記載されたシンナミックアルデヒド、アニスアルデヒド、オイゲノール等、特公平6−88889号公報に記載されたイミダゾール化合物とエピハロヒドリンとの陽イオン性反応物、特開平6−170385号公報に記載されたインダゾール誘導体、特開平6−63580号公報に記載されたイソフタロニトリル誘導体、特開平6−71286号公報に記載された少量の凝集剤と少量の殺菌剤との混合物、特開平6−142676号公報に記載されたエピハロヒドリン等とアミンの反応で得られる水溶性重合体又はアルキレンイミン重合体と硫酸アルミニウム等と混合、特開平6−206089号公報に記載されたメチレンジチオシアネート、特開平7−8985号公報に記載されたテトラメチルアンモニウムクロライドやプロピルトリメチルアンモニウムブロマイド等、特開平6−343989号公報に記載された1−アルキルピリジニウムハライド、特開平7−24490号公報に記載されたエピハロヒドリン等とアミンの反応で得られる水溶性重合体とアルキレンイミン重合体とテトラアルキルアンモニウムハライドや1−アルキルピリジニウムハライドとの混合物、特公平7−38991号公報に記載されたソルビン酸及びその塩、特開平7−80492号公報に記載された炭酸カルシウム等とフロック形成菌との混合物、特公平7−41263号公報に記載されたジアルキルアミンとエピハロヒドリンとからの水溶性陽イオン性重合体、特開平7−116686号公報に記載されたアニオン性界面活性剤とノニオン性界面活性剤との混合物、特開平7−116687号公報に記載された第一乃至第三アミノ基を有するカチオン性界面活性剤と両性界面活性剤との混合物、特開平7−136684号公報に記載されたマクロライド系抗生物質、特開平7−241590号公報に記載された1−ヒドロキシ−2(1H)−ピリジンチオンアルカリ金属塩とカチオン系高分子凝集剤との混合物、特開平9−70595号公報に記載されたアミノグリコシド系抗生物質等、従来公知のバルキング防除剤を例示することができる。
【0015】
本発明におけるバルキング防除剤としては、上記従来公知のバルキング防除剤の中でも、バルキングの原因となる有害な糸状性微生物の生育を阻害するが、有用なフロック形成菌の生育は阻害しないという選択性を有するものが望ましく、かかる選択性を有するものとして、例えば上記特開平6−170385号公報に記載されている次の一般式(I)又は一般式(II)で示されるインダゾール誘導体又はそれらの塩の少なくとも1種を含有するものを挙げることができる。
【化1】

Figure 0003958409
(式中、R1 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、低級アルキル基又はニトロ基を表し、R2 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、低級アルキル基、水酸基又はメルカプト基を表し、R3 は水素原子又は低級アルキル基を表す。)
【0016】
【化2】
Figure 0003958409
(式中、R4 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、低級アルキル基又はニトロ基を表し、R5 は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、低級アルキル基、水酸基又はメルカプト基を表し、R6 は水素原子又は低級アルキル基を表す。)
【0017】
上記インダゾール誘導体として、具体的には、3−クロロインダゾール、3−クロロ−5−ニトロインダゾール、3−クロロ−6−ニトロインダゾール、インダゾール、5−アミノインダゾール、6−アミノインダゾール、5−ニトロインダゾール、6−ニトロインダゾール、7−ニトロインダゾール、3−ヒドロキシインダゾール、3−ヒドロキシ−5−ニトロインダゾール、2−メチル−5−ニトロ−2H−インダゾール、N′−(6−インダゾリル)スファニルアミド、3−メチルインダゾール、5−メチルインダゾール、5−クロロインダゾール、7−クロロインダゾール、3−メルカプトインダゾール等を挙げることができる。
【0018】
本発明においてバルキング防除剤と接触させられる汚泥活性化媒体としては、返送汚泥、汚水原水、曝気槽水、曝気処理水等を例示することができるが、これらのものを組み合わせて使用することもできる。これら汚泥活性化媒体の中で、活性汚泥の活性化効率、すなわちバルキング防除剤の使用量当たりの活性化効率の点で返送汚泥を使用することが特に好ましい。
【0019】
また、原水がバルキングを発生させる糸状性微生物を含有する可能性がある場合や、未だバルキングが発生していない曝気槽におけるバルキング発生予防を目的とする場合等、原水を使用することが有利な場合もある。原水を使用する場合には、発泡が生じることがあるので、泡抜き処理や消泡処理をすることが望ましい。
【0020】
本発明における好気性微生物としては、通気培養で増殖しうるものであればバクテリア、カビ、酵母等どのような微生物でも使用することができる。また、これら微生物は混合菌として用いてもよい。これら微生物の内でも、増殖速度が速く、菌体外酵素を多量に生産する微生物が好ましく、かかる微生物として、例えば枯草菌 (Bacillus subtilis)、ズーグレア等の活性汚泥菌、原水に油分が多い場合は油分解菌、原水に難分解性物質が多い場合は種々の難分解性物質分解菌等を例示することができる。
【0021】
本発明において酵素剤とは、アミラーゼ、プロテアーゼ、セルラーゼ、リパーゼ等の酵素の1種又は2種以上を含むものをいう。この酵素剤としては、上記好気性微生物の培養物をそのまま用いてもよいし、他の微生物の培養物であってもよく、あるいは植物等から抽出したものでもよいが、単離・精製したものである必要はなく混合物でよい。好気性微生物の培養物をそのまま用いる場合、該培養物は微生物と各種酵素を共に含むことから、酵素・微生物製剤ということができる。
【0022】
本発明において用いられる混合槽としては、バルキング防除剤と汚泥活性化媒体とを充分に接触することができるものであればどのようなものでも使用し得るが、通気撹拌機構を備えたものを用いることが望ましい。通気撹拌機構としては、通気量、通気により生じる気泡の大きさ、撹拌の速さ等を調整しうるものが好ましい。また、撹拌翼や邪魔板を備えたものであってもよいが、通気管や散気管等により撹拌できる場合には撹拌翼等を備えていなくとも良い。また、混合槽として、従来公知の通気撹拌機構を備えた培養タンク等を用いることもできる。なお、返送汚泥等の粘度が高い場合や液量が少なく混合槽への汚泥活性化媒体の定量導入が困難な場合には高濃度定量ポンプを使用することもできる。
【0023】
混合槽の容量は、適用する活性汚泥処理施設の大きさにもよるが、通常は2〜5m3 程度の容積のものが用いられ、かかる混合槽における通気量としては、通常、単位時間当たり、培養タンクの容積の1〜5倍程度が望ましい。また、混合槽の設置場所は、通常原水流入側曝気槽付近で、作業等に便利で安全な場所に設置される。
【0024】
混合槽におけるバルキング防除剤と汚泥活性化媒体との接触は、通気撹拌条件下で行うことが好ましい。そして、汚泥活性化媒体の混合槽への導入は回分(バッチ)式又は連続式のいずれでも良く、連続式の場合、汚泥活性化媒体は混合槽の有効容積の1/2程度を24時間で連続的に導入することが望ましい。いずれにしても、混合槽中でのバルキング防除剤と汚泥活性化媒体との接触時間は24〜96時間程度が必要である。24時間より少ないと、曝気槽中の活性汚泥を活性化することができる汚泥活性化物が得られず、96時間を超えても、曝気槽中の活性汚泥を活性化することができる汚泥活性化物が得られない。
【0025】
混合槽から得られる汚泥活性化物を曝気槽へ流入させる場所としては、曝気槽内で滞留時間がとれる場所、例えば曝気槽の原水流入側が望ましいが、流入原水に流入させることも可能である。そして、混合槽から得られる汚泥活性化物の曝気槽へ流入は、連続流入であっても、間歇流入であっても良いが、汚泥活性化物の流入を継続、例えば少なくとも5日以上継続することが特に望まれる。
【0026】
次に、汚泥活性化媒体として返送汚泥を用いた場合の活性汚泥処理施設におけるレイアウトの概略を図1に示す。汚水原水1は第1次沈殿槽2を経由して曝気槽3に流入し、曝気槽内で曝気処理を受けた後、最終沈殿槽4で沈殿処理が施され、上澄み部分は曝気処理水5となり、沈殿部分はその一部が余剰汚泥6として取り除かれ、残りの部分が返送汚泥7として、混合槽8に導入され、活性化処理を受けた後、曝気槽3に流入するようになっている。また、返送汚泥7は、混合槽8を経由することなく、曝気槽3に直接返送するバイパス9が設けられている。そして、曝気槽3や混合槽8には通気装置10から空気が送られる。
【0027】
通気撹拌機構を備えた混合槽においては、バルキング防除剤の他に、好気性微生物や酵素を併用して適用することもできる。この場合、バルキング防除剤としては好気性微生物の増殖を阻害するものは好ましくない。酵素や混合槽内で増殖した好気性微生物をも含む汚泥活性化物は、曝気槽へ流入されることになる。
【0028】
混合槽には、バルキング防除剤や、必要に応じて酵素・微生物製剤を定期的に補給することが望ましい。これらバルキング防除剤や酵素・微生物製剤が、粉立ちを防止するために定量ずつ水溶性フィルムにパックされている場合には混合槽にそのまま投入することができる。バルキング防除剤は、その種類にもよるが、毎日10〜3000g/m3 程度、好ましくは400〜2000g/m3 程度投入することが望ましい。かかる混合槽へのバルキング防除剤の補給は、曝気槽へのバルキング防除剤の直接投入に比して、きわめて少量で済むことから格段に経済的である。
【0029】
【実施例】
以下に、実施例を掲げて本発明をさらに具体的に説明するが、本発明の技術的範囲はこれら実施例に限定されるものではない。
(実施例1)
バルキングの発生
曝気槽(2l)と沈殿槽(0.5l)が分離している培養装置に、人工合成廃水(グルコース870mg/l、ペプトン250mg/l、塩化ナトリウム300mg/l、リン酸二カリウム39mg/l、硝酸アンモニウム43mg/l)を連続的に供給し、活性汚泥を培養した。合成廃水の流入量1l/日、MLSS濃度2000mg/l、室温20〜25℃の条件で糸状性バルキングを発生させ、以下の実験を行った。尚、この時発生していた糸状性微生物は、TYPE021N、スフェロチルス ナタンス、TYPE1701、TYPE1702、であった(Eikelboom D.H. Filamentous organisms observed in activated sludge. Water Research vol.9:365−388(1975)に記載された方法で糸状性微生物の分類を行った。)。
【0030】
試験方法
試験区として、薬剤を何も添加しない区(対照区)、5−ニトロインダゾールを有効成分とするバルキング防除剤(日本曹達株式会社製「バルキック」)を40mg/日の割合で毎日曝気槽に添加した区、300mlの三角フラスコに曝気槽水100mlを取り、そこにバルキックを40mg添加し、4、24又は48時間撹拌後、その混合物を毎日曝気槽に添加した区を設けた。試験開始後7日目にバルキング抑制効果の判定を行った。バルキング抑制効果の判定は、顕微鏡観察による糸状性微生物の生育判断(非常に多い=+++>++>+>±=非常に少ない)により行った。結果を表1に示す。
【0031】
【表1】
Figure 0003958409
【0032】
表1からもわかるように、バルキング防除剤を添加していない対照区では、糸状性細菌が全く減少しなかったのに対し、曝気槽に直接バルキング防除剤を添加した区では、わずかに糸状性細菌が減少していた。一方、バルキング防除剤と曝気槽水を混ぜ、任意の時間撹拌した区において、4時間撹拌区では、曝気槽に直接バルキング防除剤を添加した区と同程度の糸状性細菌の減少度であったが、驚いたことに、バルキックと曝気槽水を混ぜ、24時間又は48時間撹拌後、その混合物を曝気槽に添加した区では、糸状性細菌が大幅に減少していることが確認することができた。
【0033】
(実施例2)
廃水処理施設(曝気槽1500トン)の返送汚泥配管途中からバイパス配管を3トンの容量を持つ混合槽に接続した。混合槽は一日に3トンの返送汚泥水が連続的に混合槽内に流入し、同量の活性化された汚泥が混合槽から流出するように設定されている。そして、混合槽の中に毎日500グラムの5−ニトロインダゾールを有効成分とするバルキング防除剤(日本曹達株式会社製「バルキック」)を添加した。活性化された汚泥は、曝気槽の原水流入側に流入させた。
【0034】
バルキック添加前の曝気槽水の顕微鏡観察を行ったところ、密度が低く、形の小さいフロック周辺に糸状性細菌TYPE1702が多数存在していた。バルキックを添加後、2週間目に再度曝気槽水の顕微鏡観察を行ったところ、バルキック投与前と比較して密度が高く、形の大きいフロックが多数観察され、しかも糸状性細菌が明らかに減少していた。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の活性汚泥の活性化方法によると、生活排水や産業排水・廃水等の汚水処理施設において、水質を悪化させることなく、また、有用なフロック形成菌の生育を阻害することなく、バルキング現象の発生を防止し、曝気槽内の活性汚泥を恒常的に活性化することができる。また、バルキング防除剤を直接曝気槽に投入する従来法に比べてランニングコストが安く、効率的かつ経済的である。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明において汚泥活性化媒体として返送汚泥を用いた場合の活性汚泥処理施設におけるレイアウトの概略図である。
【符号の説明】
1 汚水原水
2 第1次沈殿槽
3 曝気槽
4 最終沈殿槽
5 曝気処理水
6 余剰汚泥
7 返送汚泥
8 混合槽
9 バイパス
10 通気装置[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method for activating activated sludge in sewage treatment facilities such as domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, and wastewater.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, the activated sludge method has been widely adopted as a method for treating sewage such as domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater and wastewater containing organic matter. In this activated sludge process, flocs, which are agglomerates of aerobic bacteria and protozoa, are formed by aeration of organic matter-containing sewage, and the flocs are precipitated by gravity after adsorbing and decomposing organic matter. This is a method for treating raw sewage water by using the property to obtain supernatant water (treated water). This activated sludge method has been used for the treatment of municipal sewage for a long time, and is also widely used for the treatment of sewage such as industrial wastewater and wastewater.
[0003]
In addition, the treatment facilities and equipment used in the activated sludge method consist of a primary sedimentation tank, an aeration tank, a final sedimentation tank, sludge return means, etc., and the primary sedimentation tank is omitted depending on the degree of contamination of raw water In addition, surplus sludge was further concentrated and then dehydrated cake or burned.
[0004]
The organisms involved in this activated sludge method are mainly bacterial groups, but it is known that protozoa, metazoans, etc. also appear. In addition, harmful filamentous microorganisms are found in the activated sludge having poor sedimentation.
[0005]
The bulking phenomenon that activated sludge causes poor sedimentation caused by such filamentous microorganisms is said to be the biggest problem in the activated sludge process, and the growth balance of the microbial flora in the activated sludge is disrupted, so that the filamentous microorganisms are more stable than floc-forming bacteria. It is said that the reason is that it becomes dominant. Once bulking occurs, the activated sludge expands and becomes difficult to settle, and it becomes impossible to obtain an interface between the activated sludge and the treated water in the settling tank, and the activated sludge flows out, causing environmental pollution. It was. In addition, the activated sludge spillage does not maintain the MLSS (floating matter in the aeration tank mixture) concentration of the activated sludge in the aeration tank, resulting in poor biodegradation by the activated sludge of organic matter dissolved in the wastewater and wastewater. And brought more environmental pollution.
[0006]
Conventionally, when bulking occurs, it is common to use inorganic flocculants or polymer flocculants to increase the sedimentation of activated sludge, and these chemicals are sometimes cheap. It is frequently used in each wastewater treatment facility. In addition, bulking was also controlled by directly supplying inexpensive bactericides such as chlorine and various bulking control agents into the aeration tank.
[0007]
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Addition of flocculant to the activated sludge treatment system temporarily solves the deterioration of sedimentation of activated sludge, but it is only an emergency measure and does not suppress the growth of filamentous microorganisms that cause bulking. It is not effective in preventing the recurrence of bulking. In addition, since disinfectants such as chlorine are not selective, not only the growth of filamentous microorganisms that cause bulking, but also a significant adverse effect on the growth of useful organisms of activated sludge, the water quality becomes extremely high after bulking control. There was a problem that it worsened and induced recurrence of bulking due to the death of useful microorganisms.
[0008]
Moreover, when a bulking control agent is directly put into an aeration tank with reduced sewage treatment capacity in an activated sludge treatment facility, it is possible to temporarily solve a decrease in biological activity such as floc-forming bacteria and a deterioration in sedimentation of activated sludge. However, this is only an emergency measure, and if the bulking control agent is stopped, there is a problem that the biological activity of floc-forming bacteria, etc. will decrease again, and the sedimentation of activated sludge will deteriorate. Processing was not a good thing.
[0009]
The problem of the present invention is to prevent the occurrence of a bulking phenomenon without deteriorating the water quality and without inhibiting the growth of useful floc-forming bacteria, in sewage treatment facilities such as domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater / wastewater, The object is to provide an efficient and economical method capable of constantly activating activated sludge in an aeration tank.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In the process of conducting basic research to elucidate the mechanism of the occurrence of the bulking phenomenon, the inventors continued the contact between the bulking control agent and the returned sludge in the sludge culture tank for a long time in the aeration tank. As a result, floc-forming bacteria in the aeration tank grew and proliferated and the filamentous microorganisms causing bulking were killed, and the present invention was completed.
[0011]
That is, the present invention provides a bulking control agent and a sludge activation medium such as return sludge, raw sewage water, aeration tank water, and aeration treated water in a mixing tank for 24 hours under a batch or continuous aeration stirring condition. The present invention relates to a method for activating activated sludge, characterized in that a sludge activated product obtained by contacting for 96 hours or less is allowed to flow into a place where a residence time can be obtained in the aeration tank such as the raw water inflow side of the aeration tank.
[0012]
Furthermore, this invention relates to the activated sludge activation method characterized by regularly supplying an aerobic microorganism, an enzyme agent, etc. other than a bulking control agent in a mixing tank.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In the present invention, the sewage refers to water polluted by organic matter such as domestic wastewater, industrial wastewater, wastewater, etc.In the present invention, these sewage flowing into the activated sludge treatment apparatus is referred to as raw water or sewage raw water. is there.
[0014]
Examples of the bulking control agent in the present invention include dithiocarbamate described in JP-B-58-14274, iodopropargyl derivative described in JP-A-55-11536, and JP-A-55-147196. Bisbiguanide derivatives described, benzalkonium chloride and benzethonium chloride described in JP-B-63-39562, chlorohexidine hydrochloride and chlorhexidine gluconate described in JP-B-1-37364, and JP-B-1-49560 Acrylic hydrazide polymer compound described in the publication, a polymer compound containing an amino group or a quaternary ammonium salt, an acid such as sulfamic acid or a salt thereof, and the fourth disclosed in JP-A No. 62-168599. Quaternary ammonium salts, thiocyanates and halogenated acetoxya Disinfectants composed of kens, etc., separately added alkyleneimine polymers described in JP-A-4-74595, etc., sodium hypochlorite, etc., and synamics described in JP-A-5-146790 Aldehyde, anisaldehyde, eugenol, etc., a cationic reaction product of an imidazole compound described in JP-B-6-88889 and epihalohydrin, an indazole derivative described in JP-A-6-170385, JP-A-6-63580 The isophthalonitrile derivative described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 6-71286, a mixture of a small amount of flocculant described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-71286 and a small amount of fungicide, epihalohydrin described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-142676, and an amine Water-soluble polymer or alkyleneimine polymer obtained by the reaction of Examples thereof include methylene dithiocyanate described in JP-A-6-206089, tetramethylammonium chloride and propyltrimethylammonium bromide described in JP-A-7-8985, and the like described in JP-A-6-343989. 1-alkylpyridinium halide, a mixture of a water-soluble polymer, an alkyleneimine polymer, a tetraalkylammonium halide, or a 1-alkylpyridinium halide obtained by a reaction of an epihalohydrin or the like described in JP-A-7-24490 with an amine, Sorbic acid and its salt described in JP-B-7-38991, a mixture of calcium carbonate and the like described in JP-A-7-80492 and floc-forming bacteria, described in JP-B-7-41263 Dialkylamine and epihalohi Water-soluble cationic polymer from drin, a mixture of anionic surfactant and nonionic surfactant described in JP-A-7-116686, No. 7-116687 A mixture of a cationic surfactant having a primary to tertiary amino group and an amphoteric surfactant, a macrolide antibiotic described in JP-A-7-136684, and described in JP-A-7-241590 Examples of conventionally known bulking control agents such as 1-hydroxy-2 (1H) -pyridinethione alkali metal salt and cationic polymer flocculant, aminoglycoside antibiotics described in JP-A-9-70595, etc. can do.
[0015]
As the bulking control agent in the present invention, among the above-mentioned conventionally known bulking control agents, it inhibits the growth of harmful filamentous microorganisms that cause bulking, but does not inhibit the growth of useful floc-forming bacteria. It is desirable to have an indazole derivative represented by the following general formula (I) or general formula (II) described in JP-A-6-170385, or a salt thereof as one having such selectivity. The thing containing at least 1 sort can be mentioned.
[Chemical 1]
Figure 0003958409
(In the formula, R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a lower alkyl group or a nitro group, R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a mercapto group, and R 3 represents a hydrogen atom. Or represents a lower alkyl group.)
[0016]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003958409
(Wherein R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an amino group, a lower alkyl group or a nitro group, R 5 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxyl group or a mercapto group, and R 6 represents a hydrogen atom. Or represents a lower alkyl group.)
[0017]
Specific examples of the indazole derivatives include 3-chloroindazole, 3-chloro-5-nitroindazole, 3-chloro-6-nitroindazole, indazole, 5-aminoindazole, 6-aminoindazole, 5-nitroindazole, 6-nitroindazole, 7-nitroindazole, 3-hydroxyindazole, 3-hydroxy-5-nitroindazole, 2-methyl-5-nitro-2H-indazole, N '-(6-indazolyl) sulfanilamide, 3- Examples thereof include methylindazole, 5-methylindazole, 5-chloroindazole, 7-chloroindazole, 3-mercaptoindazole and the like.
[0018]
Examples of the sludge activation medium to be brought into contact with the bulking control agent in the present invention include return sludge, raw sewage water, aeration tank water, aeration treated water, and the like, but these can also be used in combination. . Among these sludge activation media, it is particularly preferable to use the returned sludge in terms of the activation efficiency of the activated sludge, that is, the activation efficiency per usage amount of the bulking control agent.
[0019]
In addition, when raw water may contain filamentous microorganisms that cause bulking, or when it is advantageous to use raw water for the purpose of preventing bulking in aeration tanks where bulking has not yet occurred There is also. When raw water is used, foaming may occur. Therefore, it is desirable to perform a foam removal process or a defoaming process.
[0020]
As the aerobic microorganism in the present invention, any microorganisms such as bacteria, molds and yeasts can be used as long as they can grow by aeration culture. These microorganisms may be used as mixed bacteria. Among these microorganisms, microorganisms having a high growth rate and producing a large amount of extracellular enzymes are preferable. Examples of such microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis and activated sludge bacteria such as Zooglea, and when the raw water contains a large amount of oil. When oil-degrading bacteria and raw water contain many persistent substances, various persistent substance-degrading bacteria can be exemplified.
[0021]
In the present invention, the enzyme agent means one containing one or more enzymes such as amylase, protease, cellulase and lipase. As the enzyme agent, the culture of the aerobic microorganism may be used as it is, or may be a culture of other microorganisms or may be extracted from a plant or the like, but isolated and purified. It is not necessary to be a mixture, and a mixture may be sufficient. When a culture of aerobic microorganisms is used as it is, the culture contains both microorganisms and various enzymes, so it can be referred to as an enzyme / microorganism preparation.
[0022]
As the mixing tank used in the present invention, any mixing tank can be used as long as it can sufficiently contact the bulking control agent and the sludge activating medium. It is desirable. As the aeration stirring mechanism, a mechanism capable of adjusting the amount of ventilation, the size of bubbles generated by ventilation, the speed of stirring, and the like is preferable. In addition, a stirrer blade or a baffle plate may be provided, but a stirrer blade or the like may not be provided in the case where stirring can be performed with a vent pipe or a diffuser pipe. Moreover, a culture tank etc. provided with a conventionally well-known aeration stirring mechanism can also be used as a mixing tank. A high concentration metering pump can be used when the viscosity of the returned sludge is high, or when the amount of liquid is small and it is difficult to quantitatively introduce the sludge activation medium into the mixing tank.
[0023]
Although the capacity of the mixing tank depends on the size of the activated sludge treatment facility to be applied, a capacity of about 2 to 5 m 3 is usually used, and the amount of ventilation in the mixing tank is usually per unit time. About 1 to 5 times the volume of the culture tank is desirable. The mixing tank is usually installed near the raw water inflow side aeration tank in a safe and convenient place for work.
[0024]
The contact between the bulking control agent and the sludge activating medium in the mixing tank is preferably performed under aeration and stirring conditions. The introduction of the sludge activation medium into the mixing tank may be either a batch type or a continuous type. In the case of the continuous type, the sludge activation medium takes about 1/2 of the effective volume of the mixing tank in 24 hours. It is desirable to introduce continuously. In any case, the contact time between the bulking control agent and the sludge activation medium in the mixing tank needs to be about 24 to 96 hours. If it is less than 24 hours, the activated sludge that can activate the activated sludge in the aeration tank cannot be obtained, and even if it exceeds 96 hours, the activated sludge in the aeration tank can be activated. Cannot be obtained.
[0025]
The place where the sludge activated product obtained from the mixing tank is allowed to flow into the aeration tank is preferably a place where the residence time can be taken in the aeration tank, for example, the raw water inflow side of the aeration tank, but can also be introduced into the inflow raw water. And the inflow of the sludge activated product obtained from the mixing tank to the aeration tank may be continuous inflow or intermittent inflow, but the inflow of sludge activated material may be continued, for example, at least 5 days or more. Particularly desired.
[0026]
Next, FIG. 1 shows an outline of the layout in the activated sludge treatment facility when returning sludge is used as the sludge activation medium. The raw sewage 1 flows into the aeration tank 3 via the first settling tank 2 and is subjected to the aeration process in the aeration tank, and then the precipitation process is performed in the final settling tank 4, and the supernatant part is the aeration-treated water 5. Then, a part of the settled portion is removed as excess sludge 6 and the remaining portion is returned to the mixing tank 8 as return sludge 7, and after being subjected to activation treatment, flows into the aeration tank 3. Yes. Further, the return sludge 7 is provided with a bypass 9 for returning directly to the aeration tank 3 without going through the mixing tank 8. Then, air is sent from the aeration device 10 to the aeration tank 3 and the mixing tank 8.
[0027]
In a mixing tank equipped with an aeration stirring mechanism, aerobic microorganisms and enzymes can be used in combination with a bulking control agent. In this case, a bulking control agent that inhibits the growth of aerobic microorganisms is not preferable. The sludge activated product containing the enzymes and aerobic microorganisms grown in the mixing tank will flow into the aeration tank.
[0028]
It is desirable to periodically replenish the mixing tank with a bulking control agent and, if necessary, an enzyme / microbe preparation. When these bulking control agents and enzyme / microbe preparations are packed in a water-soluble film in a fixed amount in order to prevent powdering, they can be put into a mixing tank as they are. Bulking control agents, depending on the type, daily 10~3000g / m 3, preferably about it is desirable to put about 400~2000g / m 3. The supply of the bulking control agent to the mixing tank is much more economical because it requires a very small amount compared to the direct input of the bulking control agent to the aeration tank.
[0029]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to examples. However, the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1
Generation of bulking Aeration tank (2 l) and sedimentation tank (0.5 l) are separated into artificial synthetic wastewater (glucose 870 mg / l, peptone 250 mg / l, sodium chloride 300 mg / l, dipotassium phosphate 39 mg) / L, ammonium nitrate 43 mg / l) was continuously fed to culture the activated sludge. A filamentous bulking was generated under the conditions of an inflow of synthetic wastewater of 1 l / day, an MLSS concentration of 2000 mg / l, and a room temperature of 20 to 25 ° C., and the following experiment was conducted. The filamentous microorganisms that occurred at this time were TYPE021N, Spherocillus natans, TYPE1701, TYPE1702 (Eikeboom DH Filamentous organs Observed in activated sul. Classification of filamentous microorganisms was carried out by the method described in the above).
[0030]
Test method As test group, a group without any drug (control group), a bulking control agent containing 5-nitroindazole (“Balkick” manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) as a daily aeration tank at a rate of 40 mg / day In a 300 ml Erlenmeyer flask, 100 ml of aeration tank water was taken, 40 mg of bulk kick was added thereto, and after stirring for 4, 24 or 48 hours, the mixture was added to the aeration tank every day. On the seventh day after the start of the test, the bulking inhibitory effect was determined. The determination of the bulking inhibitory effect was made by judging the growth of filamentous microorganisms by microscopic observation (very high = ++>++>+> ± = very low). The results are shown in Table 1.
[0031]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003958409
[0032]
As can be seen from Table 1, in the control group to which no bulking control agent was added, the filamentous bacteria did not decrease at all, whereas in the group in which the bulking control agent was added directly to the aeration tank, the filamentous property was slightly increased. Bacteria were decreasing. On the other hand, in the section where the bulking control agent and aeration tank water were mixed and stirred for an arbitrary time, in the 4-hour stirring section, the degree of filamentous bacteria was the same as in the section where the bulking control agent was added directly to the aeration tank. Surprisingly, however, it was confirmed that the amount of filamentous bacteria was greatly reduced in the section where the bark and aeration tank water were mixed and the mixture was added to the aeration tank after stirring for 24 or 48 hours. did it.
[0033]
(Example 2)
The bypass piping was connected to the mixing tank having a capacity of 3 tons from the middle of the return sludge piping of the wastewater treatment facility (aeration tank 1500 tons). The mixing tank is set so that 3 tons of returned sludge water flows continuously into the mixing tank per day and the same amount of activated sludge flows out of the mixing tank. Then, a bulking control agent (“Balkick” manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd.) containing 500 grams of 5-nitroindazole as an active ingredient was added to the mixing tank every day. The activated sludge was allowed to flow into the raw water inflow side of the aeration tank.
[0034]
When microscopic observation of the aeration tank water before bulkick addition was carried out, many filamentous bacteria TYPE1702 existed around the flock having a low density and a small shape. When microscopic observation of the aeration tank water was performed again in the second week after the addition of bulkick, a higher density and a larger shape of flocs were observed than before bulkick administration, and filamentous bacteria were clearly reduced. It was.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
According to the activated sludge activation method of the present invention, in a sewage treatment facility such as domestic wastewater or industrial wastewater / wastewater, the bulking phenomenon without deteriorating the water quality and without inhibiting the growth of useful floc-forming bacteria. Generation can be prevented and the activated sludge in the aeration tank can be constantly activated. In addition, the running cost is low compared to the conventional method in which the bulking control agent is directly put into the aeration tank, and it is efficient and economical.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a layout in an activated sludge treatment facility when returning sludge is used as a sludge activation medium in the present invention.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Sewage raw water 2 Primary sedimentation tank 3 Aeration tank 4 Final sedimentation tank 5 Aeration treated water 6 Excess sludge 7 Return sludge 8 Mixing tank 9 Bypass 10 Ventilation device

Claims (4)

バルキングの原因となる有害な糸状性微生物の生育を阻害するが、有用なフロック形成菌の生育は阻害しないという選択性を有するバルキング防除剤と、返送汚泥、汚水原水、曝気槽水、曝気処理水の1種又は2種以上からなる汚泥活性化媒体とを混合槽中回分式又は連続式の通気撹拌条件下24時間を超えて96時間以下接触せしめて得られる汚泥活性化物を、曝気槽内で滞留時間がとれる場所に流入させることを特徴とする活性汚泥の活性化方法。 A bulking control agent that has the selectivity of inhibiting the growth of harmful filamentous microorganisms that cause bulking, but not the growth of useful floc-forming bacteria, as well as return sludge, raw sewage water, aeration tank water, and aerated water A sludge activation product obtained by contacting a sludge activation medium consisting of one or more of the above with a batch or continuous aerated stirring condition in a mixing tank for more than 24 hours but not more than 96 hours is aerated. A method for activating activated sludge, characterized in that the activated sludge is allowed to flow into a place where the residence time can be taken in the tank. 曝気槽内で滞留時間がとれる場所が、曝気槽の原水流入側である請求項に記載の活性汚泥の活性化方法。The method for activating activated sludge according to claim 1 , wherein the place where the residence time can be taken in the aeration tank is the raw water inflow side of the aeration tank. バルキング防除剤が、混合槽に定期的に補給されることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載の活性汚泥の活性化方法。The method for activating activated sludge according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bulking control agent is periodically replenished to the mixing tank. バルキング防除剤が、好気性微生物及び/又は酵素剤と共に混合槽に定期的に補給されることを特徴とする請求項記載の活性汚泥の活性化方法。The method for activating activated sludge according to claim 3 , wherein the bulking control agent is periodically replenished to the mixing tank together with the aerobic microorganism and / or the enzyme agent.
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