JP3957283B2 - Ground improvement method - Google Patents

Ground improvement method Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP3957283B2
JP3957283B2 JP2002200788A JP2002200788A JP3957283B2 JP 3957283 B2 JP3957283 B2 JP 3957283B2 JP 2002200788 A JP2002200788 A JP 2002200788A JP 2002200788 A JP2002200788 A JP 2002200788A JP 3957283 B2 JP3957283 B2 JP 3957283B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
ground
rod
support base
ground improvement
leg
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
JP2002200788A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2004044147A (en
Inventor
寛昌 五十嵐
康之 早川
森幸 嶋井
裕 小滝
裕 安藤
誠 大塚
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kajima Corp
Chemical Grouting Co Ltd
Fudo Tetra Corp
Original Assignee
Kajima Corp
Chemical Grouting Co Ltd
Fudo Tetra Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kajima Corp, Chemical Grouting Co Ltd, Fudo Tetra Corp filed Critical Kajima Corp
Priority to JP2002200788A priority Critical patent/JP3957283B2/en
Publication of JP2004044147A publication Critical patent/JP2004044147A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP3957283B2 publication Critical patent/JP3957283B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Landscapes

  • Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、例えば海底の様な水面下の地盤を改良する地盤改良工法に関し、特に、水面(例えば海面)上の作業施設(海上作業台或いは海上作業台船等)を支持する為の技術に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
軟弱な地盤に強度の高い地中固結体を造成して改良する技術は周知である。ここで、水面(例えば海面)下における地盤改良では、海底(水底)に堆積した堆積物や、掘削により発生する流動性物質が拡散することを防止しなければならない。
係る要請に対処するため、今般、出願人は、高圧ジェット噴流を用いて水面下の地盤改良を行う技術を開発した(詳細は後述する)。
【0003】
出願人が今般開発した水面下の地盤改良技術を実施するに当たっては、図11で示すように、水面(海面)1上に設置された作業施設2から、海底(水底)の改良すべき領域30に向かって、高圧ジェット噴流の噴射手段4を設け且つ比較的径寸法が小さいロッド5を垂下させる必要がある。
尚、図11において符号50は、ロッド5の先端に取付け、前記攪拌軸52と、攪拌翼54とからなる機械式撹拌混合装置であって、図示の右側の単にロッド5の先端の直交方向に高圧ジェット噴流を噴射するのみに比べ、攪拌軸52によって回転する攪拌翼54近傍へ固化材を吐出するのみの、機械式撹拌混合では、撹拌翼径の混合処理を確実に行うことができる。
【0004】
しかし、半径方向寸法が比較的小さいロッド5を用いる場合には、海面(水面)1上に配置されている作業施設2の振動或いは揺動の影響を受け易い。特に海面1上に作業施設2が配置されている場合には、波の影響で、作業施設2及び前記ロッド5が振動或いは揺動し易い。
そして、前記ロッド5が振動或いは揺動し易くなると、海底の改良すべき領域30に造成された地中固結体の品質が劣化してしまう、という問題がある。
【0005】
また、後述するように、出願人が今般開発した高圧ジェット噴流を用いて水面1下の地盤改良を行う技術では、前記ロッド5から高圧ジェットを噴出する際には、当該ロッド5を正確に上昇させなければならない。
しかし、特に海上で作業を行っている場合には、潮の干満により潮位が変化するため、海上の作業施設2の海底30からの距離も変化するので、ロッド5を正確に上昇させることが出来ない。
ここで、図11において符号Wは海水域を、6は海底の強い地盤の領域であり、30は海底地盤の表層部3から強固な地盤6に至る迄の改良を要する軟弱地盤を示す。
【0006】
上述したような問題を解決するためには、作業台船等の作業施設2が波の影響を受けない様にする必要がある。その様な要請に対して、例えば図12で示すように、海面1下の支持力が取れる強固な地盤6まで到達するレグ7を設置し、該レグ7により作業施設2を支持し、作業施設2を海面1から若干持ち上げ、以って、作業施設2に対する波の影響(動揺)を抑えることが提案された。
その様に構成すれば、波の横方向の力が受け難くなる。また、地盤6から作業施設までの距離を一定にすることができるので、潮位の変化の影響も受けない。
しかし、海面下の支持力が取れる強固な地盤6まで到達するレグ7は、深さ方向寸法Hが大変大きくなってしまう(例えば、50m程度)。そして、あまりに長すぎるレグ7を設けることは、作業コストを高騰させてしまうので、好ましくない。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上述したような従来技術の問題点に鑑みて提案されたものであり、海面に作業施設を設置しても波の影響や潮位の変化の影響を受けず、作業施設を支持する為のレグの長さを必要以上に長くしないような水面下の地盤改良工法の提供を目的としている。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明によれば、水面(1)下方の強固な支持層(6)上にある軟弱地盤(30)を改良するために水面上の作業施設(2)から地盤改良材を噴射する地盤改良工法において、軟弱地盤(30)の表層部(3)上に平板状の支持基盤(8)を造成し、その支持基盤(8)上に先端に反力板(9)を有するレグ(7)を介して作業施設(2)を固定し、先端から地盤改良材と高圧エアとの混合噴流(J)を噴射するロッド(5)を作業施設(2)から支持基盤(8)を貫通して下降させてそのロッド(5)の先端を支持層(6)まで到達させ、次いでロッド(5)を回転させながら混合噴流(J)を噴射させてロッド(5)を引き上げて地中固結体(10)を造成するようになっている。
【0009】
そのような本発明の地盤改良工法によれば、海底地盤の表層部(3)に支持基盤(8)を設けることにより、強固な地盤(6)までレグ(7)を設けなくてもよく、コスト削減が果たせる。
また、支持基盤(8)が施工時に発生する海底堆積物の拡散を押さえる、所謂「蓋」の役割を果たし、施工中、或いは、施工後の清浄処理を不要とする。
これに加えて、従来技術ではレグが軟弱地盤にめり込むため、レグを引き抜いて他の地点に作業施設を移動するに際して、レグと軟弱地盤との間に粘着力或いは吸着力が作用して、レグを軟弱地盤から離隔させる作業(地切り作業)に長時間を費やしてしまう問題があった。これに対して上記構成を具備する本願の地盤改良工法では、レグを海底の軟弱地盤にめり込ませること無く作業施設を支持することが出来るので、上述した従来技術の不都合を緩和することが出来る。
【0010】
本発明の地盤改良工法において、支持基盤(8)により作業施設(海上作業台或いは海上作業台船等2)のレグ(7)を支持する前記工程に先立って、水面(海面)(1)下方の地盤の支持層(海面下の支持力が取れる強固な地盤:6)まで到達し、且つ、前記平板状の支持基盤(8)を支持する支持脚(12)を造成する工程を行うのが好ましい。
係る構成を採用すれば、支持脚(12)により支持基盤(8)を支持するように構成することにより、支持基盤の厚みを薄くすることが出来、コスト削減、及び工期の短縮に繋がる。
【0011】
本発明によれば、水面(1)下方の強固な支持層(6)上にある軟弱地盤(30)を改良するために水面上の作業施設(2)から地盤改良材を噴射する地盤改良工法において、作業施設(2)のレグ(7)の部分にかんじき状改良固結体(11、12)を作業施設(2)が移動する改良すべき領域全域に連結して複数形成し、そのかんじき状改良固結体(11、12)上に先端に反力板(9)を有するレグ(7)を介して作業施設(2)を固定し、先端から地盤改良材と高圧エアとの混合噴流(J)を噴射するロッド(5)を降下させてそのロッド(5)の先端を支持層(6)まで到達させ、次いでロッド(5)を回転させながら混合噴流(J)を噴射させてロッド(5)を引き上げて地中固結体(10)を造成するようになっている。
【0012】
本発明の実施に際して、前記支持基盤(8)としては、施工現場から離隔した陸上に存在する製造基地で予め作られた人工支持基盤(8A)を含む。
施工に際しては、係る人工支持基盤(8A)を運搬船等(2A)で施工海域まで運搬し、当該海域において、各種操作手段(例えばクレーン)を用いて所定の位置に設置すれば良い。係る人工支持基盤(8A)を施工領域の海底地盤の表層部(3)に設置すれば、危険を伴う海上での作業時間が少なくなるため、安全上好ましい。
【0013】
また、本発明において、海上作業施設(海上作業台船2B)には、水中で硬化する材料(例えば、モルタル、コンクリート、流動化処理土等)を投入する機構(例えば、ホッパー26、クレーン25、トレミー管27、ホース28、圧送ポンプ29等)を装備しており、人工支持基盤(8B)造成に際しては、前記水中で硬化する材料を水底(海底)に吐出して、平板状に打設することにより行うことが出来る。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、添付図面を参照して、本発明の実施形態を説明する。
【0015】
図1を参照して第1実施形態を説明する。
当該施工領域は、海面1、海面下の海水域W、海底の表層部3、その下方の軟弱地盤30、軟弱地盤30の下方の強固な支持層6で構成されている。
【0016】
先ず、海底の(軟弱地盤30の)表層部3上に硬い平板状の支持基盤8を造成し、該支持基盤8で海上作業台船である作業施設2を支持する。
平板状の支持基盤8の造成に際しては、施工領域が軟弱地盤30であるので、例えば従来技術の説明で前述した攪拌装置(図11における符号50)を使用して、作業施設2を支持するに必要な領域に支持基盤8を造成する。
【0017】
なお、図1において、符号9は反力板を示す。作業施設の質量が大きく従ってレグ7に作用する下向きの力に対して支持基盤8が弱く、この力に抗しきれない場合は、レグ7が支持基盤8にめり込む可能性がある。
そのため、反力板9を設けることが好ましい。但し、レグ7が支持基盤8にめり込まないのであれば、反力板を設けないことも可能である。
その後、次の手順で表層部3の下方の軟弱地盤30に対して、地中固結体(後述の固化盤11及び砂杭12)を造成して、表層部3下方の領域(軟弱地盤)30を順次改良する。
【0018】
図2において先ず、ロッド5を下降させて、支持基盤8を貫通したのち、軟弱層30を掘り進み、ロッド5の先端を支持層(海面下の支持力が取れる強固な地盤)6まで到達させる。
【0019】
図3において、支持層6まで到達したロッド5先端から地盤改良材の噴流と、それを包囲するような高圧エア噴流を噴射する。なお、図示の水平方向の矢印Jは地盤改良材の噴射と高圧エア噴流の噴射との混合噴流を示す。
混合噴流Jを噴射しながら、ロッド5を回転(矢印R)しつつ、一定の速度でロッド5を引き上げる(矢印S)。
その結果、軟弱地盤30が掘削され、地盤改良材と掘削された土壌とが混合、攪拌される。
【0020】
そして、図4に示すように、地盤改良材と土壌の混合物は次第に固まり、円柱状の地中固結体10が造成される。
ここで、表層部3には前述したように支持基盤8が存在し、前記高圧ジェットJの噴射の際に、海底(水底)に堆積した堆積物や、掘削により発生する流動性物質は、当該支持基盤8が蓋の様に作用するため、海中で拡散してしまうことが防止される。
【0021】
前記作業施設は、自己昇降式作業台船(SEP)であっても、スパット台船であっても良い。
【0022】
そのような工法の第1実施形態によれば、海底地盤の表層部3に支持基盤8を造成して、該支持基盤8に立脚するレグ7によって作業施設2を波浪や潮位の受け難い位置まで引き上げている。また、支持基盤8の造成によってレグ7をより深部の強固な支持層6まで伸ばすことがなく、したがってレグ7の太さは減少出来、材料及びコストの削減に繋がる。
【0023】
また、改良地盤(軟弱地盤)30が支持基盤8の下方となっており、改良工事に伴う海底堆積物や掘削によって発生する流動性物質が、支持基盤8によって上方に拡散することが防止される。
【0024】
次に、図5を参照して第2実施形態を説明する。
海底表層部3に連続した支持基盤8を設ける代わりに、図5に示すように、レグ7の領域(反力板9を含む領域)の下方、すなわち軟弱地盤30で海底表層部3から深さT、直径Dの円柱形の「かんじき」状改良固結体(固化盤11)、或いは図6に示すような深さT、直径Dの円柱形の砂杭12を設けても良い。
固化盤11、或いは砂杭12を用いることによってレグ7を支持層6まで到達させなくとも良い。
【0025】
この固化盤11の直径D、深さ寸法T、その他は、海上の作業施設の状況によりケース・バイ・ケースで定まる。
セメント改良体の砂杭12でも作用効果は同じであり、砂杭12の直径D、深さ寸法Tについても海上の作業施設2の状況によりケース・バイ・ケースで定まる。
【0026】
作業施設2のレグ7を支持した後に行われる地盤改良(第1実施形態で説明した工程図2〜図4参照)ではセメントを用いており、そのため、同様な機械を使用することが出来るセメント固結体で固化盤を構成するのが好ましい。
【0027】
また、作業施設2のレグ7を支持した後に行われる地盤改良は、海底の広い領域全体に亘って行われるので、作業施設2を移動しなければならない。
作業施設2を移動する場合は、固化盤11を非常に多量に作らなければならない。従って、第1実施形態で造成される1枚の連続する平板で、支持基盤8を構成するのが好ましい。
但し、図7の平面図で示す様に田の字状に複数の固化盤11を配置すれば、改良するべき領域全般に作業施設(図示せず)を移動することが可能となる。
【0028】
そのように作業施設2の支持基盤8をレグ7下方の限られた領域の固化盤11、又は砂杭12とすることで、支持盤として作用する固結体の材料使用量が大幅に削減出来る。
【0029】
次に、図8を参照して第3実施形態を説明する。
図1の第1実施形態の様に支持基盤8を広い領域をカバーする平板とした場合は、大量のセメントが必要となる。そこで、図8の第3実施形態では、材料(セメント)の使用量を少しでも少なくする(支持基盤8の厚みを薄くする)ために、支持層6に到達する支持脚13を造成している。
【0030】
その様に、支持層6に到達する支持脚12を造成することによって、平板(支持基盤8)の厚さ寸法Tを減少させ、セメント消費量を削減することが出来る。
【0031】
次に、図9を参照して第4実施形態を説明する。
図1〜図4の第1実施形態では支持基盤8は、前述した工程により現地で造成するものであったが、図9の第4実施形態では、例えば、施工現場から離隔した陸上に存在する製造基地で予め作られた人工支持基盤8Aを運搬船等2Aで施工海域まで運搬し、当該海域において、運搬船等2Aに積載した人工支持基盤8Aを自船のクレーン25を操作しながら所定の位置に設置していく。
【0032】
そのように予め他の場所で作られた人工支持基盤8Aを施工領域の海底地盤の表層部3に、設置するのみであるので、危険を伴う海上での作業時間が少なく安全上好ましい。
【0033】
次に、図10を参照して第5実施形態を説明する。
図10の第5実施形態は、海上作業台船2Bには、クレーン25と、水中で硬化する材料(例えば、モルタル、コンクリート、流動化処理土等)Mを投入するホッパー26と、該ホッパー26から材料の投入を受けその材料をクレーン25につるされたトレミー管27にホース28を介して圧送する圧送ポンプ29を装備している。
【0034】
該海上作業台船2Bは、施工箇所の端部から、図示の右方向に操船しながら前記トレミー管27の先端から水中コンクリートの材料を吐出することによって材料が海水と混じること無く固まって、直接海底の表層部3にコンクリートを打設して平板状の支持基盤8Bを造成する。
【0035】
そのような工法及び装置の第5実施形態によれば、攪拌装置によって高圧のジェットを噴出することも無く、単に水中コンクリートの材料Mをトレミー管27の先端から吐出するのみであり、海底の堆積物の拡散も少なく、効率的に作業が遂行できる。また、コンクリートの打設には細かな制御は不要である。
【0036】
【発明の効果】
本発明の効果を以下に列挙する。
(1) 海底地盤の表層部に支持基盤を設けることにより、より深く強固な地盤までレグを設けなくてもよく、コスト削減が果たせる。
(2) 支持基盤が施工時に発生する海底堆積物の拡散を押さえる、所謂「蓋」の役割を果たし、施工中、或いは、施工後の清浄処理を不要とする。
(3) 支持脚により支持基盤を支持するように構成することにより、支持基盤の厚みを薄くすることが出来、コスト削減、及び工期の短縮に繋がる。
(4) 海底地盤の表層部の一部分を固化するだけで、固化した部分の強度が作業施設を支えるだけの強度を有しておれば、コスト削減となるとともに工期の短縮にも繋がる。
(5) 予め他の場所で作られた人工支持盤を施工領域の海底地盤の表層部に、設置する場合は、危険を伴う海上での作業時間が少なく安全上好ましい。
(6) 海上作業台船に水中コンクリートの材料及び材料吐出装置が備えている場合は、操船しながら吐出管の先端から水中コンクリートの材料を施工位置に吐出することによって、直接海底の表層部3にコンクリートを打設出来、攪拌装置によって高圧のジェットを噴出すことも無く、単に水中コンクリートの材料を吐出管の先端から吐出するのみであり、海底の堆積物の拡散も少なく、効率的に作業が遂行できる。また、コンクリートの打設には細かな制御も不要である。
(7) レグを海底の軟弱地盤にめり込ませること無く作業施設を支持することが出来るので、レグが軟弱地盤にめり込む従来技術における不具合、すなわち、レグを引き抜いて他の地点に作業施設を移動するに際して、レグと軟弱地盤との間に粘着力或いは吸着力が作用して、レグを軟弱地盤から離隔させる作業(地切り作業)に長時間を費やしてしまう問題、が解消される。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の第1実施形態の工法の概要を示す概念図。
【図2】第1実施形態の改良工事を行うべき領域でのボーリング削孔工程図。
【図3】第1実施形態の改良工事を行うべき領域での高圧ジェットによる掘削工程図。
【図4】第1実施形態の改良工事を行うべき領域で地中固結体の完成時を示す工程図。
【図5】本発明の第2実施形態の1工法例の概要を示す概念図。
【図6】本発明の第2実施形態の他の工法例の概要を示す概念図。
【図7】本発明の第2実施形態の別の工法例の概要を示す概念図。
【図8】本発明の第3実施形態の工法の概要を示す概念図。
【図9】本発明の第4実施形態の工法の概要を示す概念図。
【図10】本発明の第5実施形態の工法の概要を示す概念図。
【図11】従来技術の工法の1例を示す概念図。
【図12】従来技術の工法の他の例を示す概念図。
【符号の説明】
1・・・海面
2・・・作業施設(海上作業台船)
3・・・表層部
5・・・ロッド
6・・・支持層
7・・・レグ
8・・・支持基盤
9・・・反力板
10・・・固化盤
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a ground improvement method for improving the ground below the surface of the water such as the seabed, and more particularly, to a technique for supporting a work facility (such as a sea work table or a sea work table ship) on the water surface (for example, the sea surface). .
[0002]
[Prior art]
A technique for creating and improving a high-strength underground solid body on a soft ground is well known. Here, in the ground improvement under the water surface (for example, the sea surface), it is necessary to prevent the sediment deposited on the sea bottom (water bottom) and the fluid material generated by excavation from diffusing.
In order to cope with such a request, the applicant has recently developed a technique for improving the ground beneath the surface of the water using a high-pressure jet jet (details will be described later).
[0003]
In implementing the subsurface ground improvement technology that the applicant has recently developed, as shown in FIG. 11, from the work facility 2 installed on the water surface (sea surface) 1, an area 30 to be improved on the sea floor (water bottom). It is necessary to provide a high pressure jet jet means 4 and to suspend a rod 5 having a relatively small diameter.
In FIG. 11, reference numeral 50 denotes a mechanical stirring and mixing device that is attached to the tip of the rod 5 and is composed of the stirring shaft 52 and the stirring blade 54. Compared to only jetting a high-pressure jet jet, the mechanical stirring and mixing, in which the solidified material is only discharged to the vicinity of the stirring blade 54 rotated by the stirring shaft 52, allows the mixing processing of the stirring blade diameter to be performed reliably.
[0004]
However, when the rod 5 having a relatively small size in the radial direction is used, the rod 5 is easily affected by vibration or swinging of the work facility 2 arranged on the sea surface (water surface) 1. In particular, when the work facility 2 is disposed on the sea surface 1, the work facility 2 and the rod 5 are likely to vibrate or swing due to the influence of waves.
When the rod 5 is easily vibrated or rocked, there is a problem that the quality of the underground solid body formed in the region 30 to be improved on the seabed is deteriorated.
[0005]
Further, as will be described later, in the technology for improving the ground below the water surface 1 using the high pressure jet jet that the applicant has recently developed, when the high pressure jet is ejected from the rod 5, the rod 5 is accurately raised. I have to let it.
However, especially when working at sea, the tide level changes due to tides, so the distance from the sea floor 30 of the work facility 2 at sea also changes, so the rod 5 can be raised accurately. Absent.
Here, in FIG. 11, reference numeral W denotes a seawater area, 6 denotes a ground area having a strong seabed, and 30 denotes a soft ground requiring improvement from the surface layer 3 of the seabed ground to the strong ground 6.
[0006]
In order to solve the above-described problems, it is necessary to prevent the work facility 2 such as a work table ship from being affected by waves. In response to such a request, for example, as shown in FIG. 12, a leg 7 that reaches a solid ground 6 where the supporting force under the sea surface 1 can be obtained is installed, and the work facility 2 is supported by the leg 7. It was proposed that 2 be lifted slightly from the sea level 1 to suppress the influence (sway) of the waves on the work facility 2.
Such a configuration makes it difficult for the waves to receive the lateral force. Further, since the distance from the ground 6 to the work facility can be made constant, it is not affected by changes in the tide level.
However, the length 7 of the leg 7 that reaches the strong ground 6 where the supporting force under the sea surface can be obtained becomes very large (for example, about 50 m). And it is not preferable to provide the leg 7 which is too long, because the working cost is increased.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The present invention has been proposed in view of the problems of the prior art as described above, and supports the work facility without being affected by the influence of waves or changes in tide level even if the work facility is installed on the sea surface. The purpose of this project is to provide a subsurface ground improvement method that does not make the leg length longer than necessary.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the present invention, a ground improvement method for injecting a ground improvement material from a work facility (2) on the water surface in order to improve the soft ground (30) on the strong support layer (6) below the water surface (1). The leg (7) having a flat support base (8) on the surface layer (3) of the soft ground (30) and having a reaction force plate (9) at the tip on the support base (8) is provided. The work facility (2) is fixed through the rod, and the rod (5) for injecting a mixed jet (J) of ground improvement material and high-pressure air from the tip descends from the work facility (2) through the support base (8). The tip of the rod (5) is made to reach the support layer (6), and then the mixed jet (J) is jetted while the rod (5) is rotated to lift the rod (5), thereby 10).
[0009]
According to such ground improvement method of the present invention, it is not necessary to provide the leg (7) to the solid ground (6) by providing the support base (8) on the surface layer portion (3) of the seabed ground. Cost reduction can be achieved.
Further, the support base (8) serves as a so-called “lid” that suppresses the diffusion of seabed deposits generated during construction, and does not require a cleaning process during construction or after construction.
In addition to this, in the conventional technology, the leg sinks into the soft ground, so when pulling out the leg and moving the work facility to another point, an adhesive force or adsorption force acts between the leg and the soft ground, and the leg There is a problem that it takes a long time to work to separate the ground from the soft ground (ground cutting work). On the other hand, in the ground improvement method of the present application having the above-described configuration, the work facility can be supported without the leg being sunk into the soft bottom of the seabed. I can do it.
[0010]
In the ground improvement method of the present invention, prior to the step of supporting the leg (7) of the work facility (a marine work table or a marine work table ship 2) by the support base (8), below the water surface (sea surface) (1) A step of forming a support leg (12) that reaches the support layer of the ground (a strong ground that can take a supporting force under the sea surface: 6) and supports the flat support base (8) is performed. preferable.
If such a configuration is adopted, the support base (8) is supported by the support legs (12), whereby the thickness of the support base can be reduced, leading to cost reduction and shortening of the construction period.
[0011]
According to the present invention, a ground improvement method for injecting a ground improvement material from a work facility (2) on the water surface in order to improve the soft ground (30) on the strong support layer (6) below the water surface (1). In the leg (7) portion of the work facility (2), a plurality of kanji-like improved consolidated bodies (11, 12) are connected to the entire area to be improved and moved by the work facility (2). The work facility (2) is fixed on the shape-improved consolidated body (11, 12) via a leg (7) having a reaction force plate (9) at the tip, and a mixed jet of ground improvement material and high-pressure air from the tip The rod (5) for injecting (J) is lowered so that the tip of the rod (5) reaches the support layer (6), and then the mixed jet (J) is jetted while rotating the rod (5). (5) is pulled up to form an underground solid body (10).
[0012]
In carrying out the present invention, the support base (8) includes an artificial support base (8A) made in advance at a production base existing on land separated from the construction site.
At the time of construction, the artificial support base (8A) may be transported to a construction sea area by a transport ship or the like (2A) and installed in a predetermined position using various operation means (for example, a crane) in the sea area. If such an artificial support base (8A) is installed on the surface layer (3) of the seabed ground in the construction area, the work time on the sea with danger is reduced, which is preferable in terms of safety.
[0013]
Further, in the present invention, a mechanism (for example, a hopper 26, a crane 25, a crane 25, a mortar, concrete, fluidized soil, etc.) is charged into the offshore work facility (offshore work platform 2B). Equipped with treme tube 27, hose 28, pressure feed pump 29, etc.) When constructing the artificial support base (8B), the water-curing material is discharged to the bottom of the water (the sea floor) and placed in a flat plate shape. Can be done.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0015]
The first embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
The construction area includes a sea surface 1, a seawater region W below the sea surface, a surface layer portion 3 on the seabed, a soft ground 30 below the soft ground 30, and a strong support layer 6 below the soft ground 30.
[0016]
First, a hard plate-like support base 8 is formed on the surface layer 3 (of the soft ground 30) on the seabed, and the work facility 2 which is an offshore work platform ship is supported by the support base 8.
When constructing the flat support base 8, the construction area is the soft ground 30, so that the work facility 2 is supported by using, for example, the stirring device (reference numeral 50 in FIG. 11) described above in the description of the prior art. The support base 8 is created in a necessary area.
[0017]
In FIG. 1, reference numeral 9 indicates a reaction force plate. If the mass of the work facility is large and the support base 8 is weak against the downward force acting on the leg 7, the leg 7 may sink into the support base 8 if it cannot resist this force.
Therefore, it is preferable to provide the reaction force plate 9. However, if the leg 7 does not sink into the support base 8, it is also possible not to provide a reaction force plate.
After that, in the following procedure, an underground solidified body (solidified board 11 and sand pile 12 described later) is created for the soft ground 30 below the surface layer part 3, and the area below the surface layer part 3 (soft ground) 30 is improved sequentially.
[0018]
In FIG. 2, first, the rod 5 is lowered, penetrates through the support base 8, digs into the soft layer 30, and reaches the tip of the rod 5 to the support layer (a strong ground that can take a supporting force under the sea surface) 6. .
[0019]
In FIG. 3, a jet of ground improvement material and a high-pressure air jet surrounding the same are injected from the tip of the rod 5 reaching the support layer 6. In addition, the horizontal arrow J of illustration shows the mixed jet of injection of a ground improvement material and injection of a high pressure air jet.
While ejecting the mixed jet J, the rod 5 is rotated (arrow R), and the rod 5 is pulled up at a constant speed (arrow S).
As a result, the soft ground 30 is excavated, and the ground improvement material and the excavated soil are mixed and stirred.
[0020]
And as shown in FIG. 4, the ground improvement material and the mixture of soil are gradually solidified, and the column-shaped underground solid body 10 is created.
Here, the support layer 8 exists in the surface layer portion 3 as described above, and deposits deposited on the seabed (water bottom) and fluid substances generated by excavation during the injection of the high-pressure jet J are Since the support base 8 acts like a lid, it is prevented from spreading in the sea.
[0021]
The work facility may be a self-lifting work platform (SEP) or a spat platform.
[0022]
According to the first embodiment of such a construction method, the support base 8 is formed on the surface layer portion 3 of the seabed ground, and the work facility 2 is moved to a position where it is difficult to receive waves and tide levels by the legs 7 standing on the support base 8. Raised. Further, the leg 7 is not extended to the deeper support layer 6 due to the formation of the support base 8, so that the thickness of the leg 7 can be reduced, leading to a reduction in material and cost.
[0023]
Further, the improved ground (soft ground) 30 is located below the support base 8, so that the bottom sediment accompanying the improvement work and the fluid substance generated by excavation are prevented from diffusing upward by the support base 8. .
[0024]
Next, a second embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
Instead of providing the continuous support base 8 on the seabed surface layer portion 3, as shown in FIG. 5, the depth from the seabed surface layer portion 3 is below the region of the leg 7 (region including the reaction force plate 9), that is, on the soft ground 30. Even if a cylindrical “Kanjiki” -shaped improved solidified body (solidifying board 11) having a diameter T 1 and a diameter D 1 is provided, or a cylindrical sand pile 12 having a depth T 2 and a diameter D 2 as shown in FIG. good.
The leg 7 does not need to reach the support layer 6 by using the solidifying board 11 or the sand pile 12.
[0025]
The diameter D 1 , depth dimension T 1 , etc. of the solidifying board 11 are determined on a case-by-case basis according to the situation of the work facility at sea.
The effect is the same also in the sand pile 12 of the cement improvement body, and the diameter D 2 and the depth dimension T 2 of the sand pile 12 are determined on a case-by-case basis according to the situation of the work facility 2 at sea.
[0026]
Cement is used in the ground improvement performed after supporting the leg 7 of the work facility 2 (see FIGS. 2 to 4 described in the first embodiment), and therefore, a cement solid that can be used with a similar machine. It is preferable that the solidified disk is constituted by the combined body.
[0027]
Moreover, since the ground improvement performed after supporting the leg 7 of the work facility 2 is performed over the wide area of the seabed, the work facility 2 must be moved.
When moving the work facility 2, the solidification board 11 must be made in a very large amount. Therefore, it is preferable that the support base 8 is constituted by one continuous flat plate formed in the first embodiment.
However, as shown in the plan view of FIG. 7, if a plurality of solidification boards 11 are arranged in a square shape, a work facility (not shown) can be moved over the entire area to be improved.
[0028]
Thus, by using the support base 8 of the work facility 2 as the solidification board 11 or the sand pile 12 in a limited area below the leg 7, the amount of material used for the consolidated body acting as the support board can be greatly reduced. .
[0029]
Next, a third embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
When the support base 8 is a flat plate covering a wide area as in the first embodiment of FIG. 1, a large amount of cement is required. Therefore, in the third embodiment of FIG. 8, the support legs 13 reaching the support layer 6 are formed in order to reduce the amount of material (cement) used as much as possible (to reduce the thickness of the support base 8). .
[0030]
As As, by construct a supporting leg 12 to reach the supporting layer 6, to reduce the thickness dimension T 3 of the flat plate (support base 8), it is possible to reduce the cement consumption.
[0031]
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the support base 8 is constructed on site by the above-described process. However, in the fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 9, for example, the support base 8 exists on the land separated from the construction site. The artificial support base 8A made in advance at the manufacturing base is transported to the construction area by a transport ship 2A, and the artificial support base 8A loaded on the transport ship 2A is moved to a predetermined position while operating the crane 25 of the ship. Install it.
[0032]
Since the artificial support base 8A previously prepared in another place is only installed on the surface layer portion 3 of the seabed ground in the construction area, it is preferable from the viewpoint of safety because there is less work time on the sea with danger.
[0033]
Next, a fifth embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
In the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 10, a crane 25, a hopper 26 into which a material (for example, mortar, concrete, fluidized soil, etc.) that hardens in water is added to the offshore work platform 2B, and the hopper 26 Is equipped with a pumping pump 29 for receiving the material from the pipe 25 and pumping the material through a hose 28 to a tremy pipe 27 suspended on the crane 25.
[0034]
The offshore work platform ship 2B is solidified without being mixed with seawater by discharging the underwater concrete material from the end of the tremy pipe 27 while maneuvering rightward in the drawing from the end of the construction site. Concrete is cast on the surface layer 3 of the seabed to form a flat support base 8B.
[0035]
According to the fifth embodiment of the construction method and apparatus, the underwater concrete material M is simply discharged from the tip of the tremy pipe 27 without ejecting a high-pressure jet by the stirring device, and the seabed is deposited. Work can be performed efficiently with little diffusion of objects. Moreover, fine control is not necessary for placing concrete.
[0036]
【The invention's effect】
The effects of the present invention are listed below.
(1) By providing a support base on the surface layer of the submarine ground, it is not necessary to provide a leg to a deeper and stronger ground, and cost can be reduced.
(2) The support base serves as a so-called “lid” that suppresses the diffusion of seabed deposits that occur during construction, eliminating the need for cleaning treatment during or after construction.
(3) By configuring the support base to be supported by the support legs, the thickness of the support base can be reduced, leading to cost reduction and shortening of the construction period.
(4) If only a part of the surface layer of the seabed ground is solidified and the strength of the solidified part is sufficient to support the work facility, the cost will be reduced and the construction period will be shortened.
(5) When an artificial support board made in advance in another place is installed on the surface layer of the seabed ground in the construction area, it is preferable from the viewpoint of safety because there is less work time on the sea with danger.
(6) When the offshore work platform ship is equipped with underwater concrete material and a material discharge device, the surface layer 3 of the seabed is directly discharged by discharging the underwater concrete material from the tip of the discharge pipe to the construction position while maneuvering the vessel. Concrete can be placed on the surface, and high-pressure jets are not ejected by the agitator. Simply, the material of the underwater concrete is simply discharged from the tip of the discharge pipe, and there is little diffusion of sediment on the seabed, allowing efficient operation. Can be accomplished. Moreover, fine control is not required for placing concrete.
(7) Since the work facility can be supported without the leg being sunk into the soft ground on the seabed, the problem with the conventional technology that the leg sunk into the soft ground, that is, the work facility at another point by pulling out the leg. When moving, an adhesive force or adsorption force acts between the leg and the soft ground, and the problem of spending a long time in the work of separating the leg from the soft ground (ground cutting work) is solved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of a construction method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a boring drilling process diagram in an area where improvement work of the first embodiment is to be performed.
FIG. 3 is an excavation process diagram using a high-pressure jet in a region where improvement work of the first embodiment is to be performed.
FIG. 4 is a process diagram showing when an underground solid body is completed in an area where improvement work of the first embodiment is to be performed.
FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of an example of a construction method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of another construction method example according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of another construction method example of the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of a construction method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of a construction method according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a conceptual diagram showing an outline of a construction method according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of a conventional technique.
FIG. 12 is a conceptual diagram showing another example of a conventional technique.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... sea level 2 ... work facility (sea work platform ship)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 3 ... Surface layer part 5 ... Rod 6 ... Support layer 7 ... Leg 8 ... Support base 9 ... Reaction force board 10 ... Solidification board

Claims (3)

水面(1)下方の強固な支持層(6)上にある軟弱地盤(30)を改良するために水面上の作業施設(2)から地盤改良材を噴射する地盤改良工法において、軟弱地盤(30)の表層部(3)上に平板状の支持基盤(8)を造成し、その支持基盤(8)上に先端に反力板(9)を有するレグ(7)を介して作業施設(2)を固定し、先端から地盤改良材と高圧エアとの混合噴流(J)を噴射するロッド(5)を作業施設(2)から支持基盤(8)を貫通して下降させてそのロッド(5)の先端を支持層(6)まで到達させ、次いでロッド(5)を回転させながら混合噴流(J)を噴射させてロッド(5)を引き上げて地中固結体(10)を造成することを特徴とする地盤改良工法。  In the ground improvement method in which ground improvement material is injected from the work facility (2) on the water surface in order to improve the soft ground (30) on the strong support layer (6) below the water surface (1), the soft ground (30 ) On the surface layer portion (3) of the flat plate-like support base (8), and the work facility (2) through the leg (7) having a reaction force plate (9) at the tip on the support base (8). ) Is fixed, and the rod (5) for injecting the mixed jet (J) of the ground improvement material and high-pressure air from the tip is lowered from the work facility (2) through the support base (8), and the rod (5 ) Reaches the support layer (6), and then the mixed jet (J) is jetted while the rod (5) is rotated to lift the rod (5) to form the underground consolidated body (10). A ground improvement method characterized by 水面(1)下方の強固な支持層(6)上にある軟弱地盤(30)を改良するために水面上の作業施設(2)から地盤改良材を噴射する地盤改良工法において、作業施設(2)のレグ(7)の部分にかんじき状改良固結体(11、12)を作業施設(2)が移動する改良すべき領域全域に連結して複数形成し、そのかんじき状改良固結体(11、12)上に先端に反力板(9)を有するレグ(7)を介して作業施設(2)を固定し、先端から地盤改良材と高圧エアとの混合噴流(J)を噴射するロッド(5)を降下させてそのロッド(5)の先端を支持層(6)まで到達させ、次いでロッド(5)を回転させながら混合噴流(J)を噴射させてロッド(5)を引き上げて地中固結体(10)を造成することを特徴とする地盤改良工法。  In the ground improvement method in which ground improvement material is injected from the work facility (2) on the water surface in order to improve the soft ground (30) on the strong support layer (6) below the water surface (1), the work facility (2 ) In the leg (7) portion, a plurality of kanjiki-like improved consolidated bodies (11, 12) are connected to the entire area to be improved where the work facility (2) moves, and the kanjiki-like improved consolidated bodies ( 11, 12) The work facility (2) is fixed via the leg (7) having the reaction force plate (9) at the tip on the tip, and a mixed jet (J) of ground improvement material and high-pressure air is jetted from the tip. The rod (5) is lowered so that the tip of the rod (5) reaches the support layer (6), and then the mixed jet (J) is jetted while the rod (5) is rotated to lift the rod (5). A ground improvement construction method characterized by creating an underground solid body (10). 前記支持層(6)まで到達しそして前記支持基盤(8)を支持する支持脚(12)を造成する請求項1記載の地盤改良工法。  The ground improvement method according to claim 1, wherein a support leg (12) that reaches the support layer (6) and supports the support base (8) is formed.
JP2002200788A 2002-07-10 2002-07-10 Ground improvement method Expired - Fee Related JP3957283B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002200788A JP3957283B2 (en) 2002-07-10 2002-07-10 Ground improvement method

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2002200788A JP3957283B2 (en) 2002-07-10 2002-07-10 Ground improvement method

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2004044147A JP2004044147A (en) 2004-02-12
JP3957283B2 true JP3957283B2 (en) 2007-08-15

Family

ID=31707509

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2002200788A Expired - Fee Related JP3957283B2 (en) 2002-07-10 2002-07-10 Ground improvement method

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JP3957283B2 (en)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2004044147A (en) 2004-02-12

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6209698B1 (en) Improvement method of underwater ground, work boat, pressure control system in bucket
US4086866A (en) Anchoring devices
US10781567B2 (en) Foundation treatment method for piling foundation structure by penetrating hardpan layer
JP2007016507A (en) Ground improvement method and reinforcing method of existing structural foundation
JP3957283B2 (en) Ground improvement method
KR101299656B1 (en) Process for Deep Cement Mixing for Recycling Floating Soil at Sea Bed
JP4593496B2 (en) How to create an artificial tidal flat
US4571121A (en) Underwater erosion prevention and backfill system with barrier bag installation
JP5827528B2 (en) Underground pile drawing method and equipment
JPH09273145A (en) Water depth ground improvement method
JP2007063872A (en) Underwater soil improvement method
JP2000248527A (en) Earthquake resistant reinforcing method for existing structure
JP3957284B2 (en) Ground improvement method
KR20120117607A (en) Deep cement mixing equipment equipped with slime gathering facility and environmently friendly deep cement mixing method using the same
JP6727874B2 (en) Ground improvement method
JP7486461B2 (en) Ground improvement method
CN109868806A (en) A kind of steel pile casting formula deep-sea vibroflotation pile construction method
JP2020056270A (en) Liquefaction countermeasure method
JP2697693B2 (en) Sheet pile driving method
KR100897369B1 (en) Method of constructing ocean structure
KR101492223B1 (en) Sea deep cement mixing method by deep cement mixing barge for reinforcement of underwater ground using relay pump
JP3579104B2 (en) How to bury structures
JPH0678608B2 (en) Dredging Mud Land Improvement Method and Ground Improvement Equipment
JP2005273137A (en) Ground improvement method
JPH0988066A (en) Underwater filling method of light weight premixed soil

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20050328

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20061218

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20061222

A521 Written amendment

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20070213

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20070507

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20070507

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 3957283

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100518

Year of fee payment: 3

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100518

Year of fee payment: 3

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100518

Year of fee payment: 3

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100518

Year of fee payment: 3

R370 Written measure of declining of transfer procedure

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R370

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100518

Year of fee payment: 3

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20100518

Year of fee payment: 3

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130518

Year of fee payment: 6

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130518

Year of fee payment: 6

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20130518

Year of fee payment: 6

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

FPAY Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)

Free format text: PAYMENT UNTIL: 20160518

Year of fee payment: 9

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

LAPS Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees