JP3953593B2 - Endoscope - Google Patents

Endoscope Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3953593B2
JP3953593B2 JP24159997A JP24159997A JP3953593B2 JP 3953593 B2 JP3953593 B2 JP 3953593B2 JP 24159997 A JP24159997 A JP 24159997A JP 24159997 A JP24159997 A JP 24159997A JP 3953593 B2 JP3953593 B2 JP 3953593B2
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Prior art keywords
endoscope
led
leds
distal end
end portion
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JPH1176151A (en
Inventor
博文 宮永
敦之 宮崎
優 此村
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Olympus Corp
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Olympus Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0607Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements for annular illumination
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0605Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements for spatially modulated illumination
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0661Endoscope light sources
    • A61B1/0676Endoscope light sources at distal tip of an endoscope
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B1/00Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
    • A61B1/06Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
    • A61B1/0661Endoscope light sources
    • A61B1/0684Endoscope light sources using light emitting diodes [LED]

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
  • Endoscopes (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、観察対象物に挿入部の先端部から照明光を照射し、観察する内視鏡に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
内視鏡は、主に、生体の体腔内や狭い管路内等に挿入し、体腔内の観察や治療、管路内等の観察や補修を行うのに用いられる。
【0003】
通常、体腔内や管路内等は光が無い状態であるため、内視鏡の先端部は観察視野を照明するための照明手段を有している。
照明手段としては、光ファイバを束ねたライトガイドファイバーを介して照明光を内視鏡の先端へ導光するものや、内視鏡の先端に小型ランプを備えたものがある。
【0004】
なかでも、小型のランプを照明手段として使用する先端ランプ式の内視鏡は、ライトガイドファイバーを使用した内視鏡に比べて価格が安く、また、挿入部の長さに(ライトガイドファイバーの長さ)に明るさが影響されないので、挿入部を自由に長くできる利点がある。
【0005】
照明に用いるランプの種類は多数あるが、配光特性、即ち、照射する光の角度で分類すると、ランプの前面に設けたレンズにより光が拡散するのを抑えて狭い範囲に配光するスポット照明タイプと、広い範囲に配光する拡散照明タイプと、に分類される。
【0006】
そのため、ランプは、組み込む内視鏡の観察領域に合致するよう、その配光特性を考慮して選択されるのであるが、通常、1個のランプのみでは、内視鏡の観察領域全域に均一な照度を得られない。
【0007】
例えば、スポット照明タイプのランプを組み込んだ内視鏡を管路等に挿入した場合、その観察領域は奥行きを有するため、手元側程暗い映像となってしまう。逆に、拡散照明タイプのランプを組み込んだ内視鏡を管路に挿入した場合、手元側しか観察できない。
【0008】
これらを解決すべく、様々な工夫がなされている。
例えば、特開平7−275200号公報には、小型ランプとして発光ダイオード(LED)を用い、LEDの前面側にレンズ等の照明光学系を配置することで、LEDが発する照明光の配光角を整えることが記載されている。
【0009】
また、特開昭61−276532には、ランプの裏面側に反射板を設け、この反射板にランプからの光を当てて反射させ、間接的に観察領域を照明することで、観察しやすい適切な配光を得ることが記載されている。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上述のように、適切な配光特性を得るため、レンズや反射板を備えると、内視鏡が高価となってしまう。
【0011】
上記課題に鑑み、本発明は、適切な配光特性の得られる内視鏡を安価に提供することを目的とする。
【0012】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題に鑑み、本発明の内視鏡は、内視鏡の先端部に設けられ、観察対象物に照明光を照射する第1の照明手段と、この第1の照明手段の配光角度より広い配光角度を有する第2の照明手段とを備え、第1の照明手段と第2の照明手段は同時に照射可能であるとともに、同一のパッケージ内に配置する。また、パッケージを複数設け、先端部に設けた対物光学系を挟んで対向するように配置する。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
(実施の形態1)
図1は本実施の形態における内視鏡システムの概略構成を示す図、図2は図1における内視鏡システムの電気系統を模式的に示す図、図3は内視鏡先端部におけるLEDの配置を示す側面図、図4は内視鏡先端部におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図である。
【0014】
図1に示す通り、内視鏡システム1は、観察対象物の映像を捕らえるための内視鏡装置2と、内視鏡装置2より出力される電気信号を映像信号に変換するビデオプロセッサ3と、ビデオプロセッサ3からの映像信号を表示するモニタ4と、より構成される。
【0015】
上記内視鏡装置2は、観察対象物内に挿入する挿入部5と、内視鏡装置2の操作を行う操作部6と、操作部6から延長されたコードと7、コード7とビデオプロセッサ3とを着脱するためのコネクタ8より構成されている。
【0016】
上記挿入部5は、上記操作部6より延出した屈曲自在な軟性部9と、軟性部9より先端側に位置するとともに挿入部5の軸芯線に対して互いに直行する4方向に湾曲自在なフレキシブル性を有する湾曲部10と、湾曲部10よりさらに先端に位置する先端部11と、から構成されている。
【0017】
挿入部5内には、その一端が先端部11に連結されているとともに、その他端が操作部6に備えられた2つのアングルノブ12に連結された操作ワイヤ(図示省略)が挿通されている。
【0018】
アングルノブ12は操作部5に対して回動自在に備えられており、操作ワイヤは、アングルノブ12の回動により引き操作される。
即ち、操作ワイヤが先端部11を引くことで、湾曲部10が湾曲し、先端部11の方向を定めることができる。
【0019】
先端部11には、図2に示す通り、観察対象物を照明するための照明手段としてLED13が備えられているとともに、観察対象物を結像する対物光学系14が備えられており、この対物光学系14の後端には、対物光学系14にて結像された像を電気信号に変換する固体撮像素子(CCD)等からなる撮像手段15が備えられている。
【0020】
撮像手段15の信号線16及びLED13のリード線17は、挿入部5、操作部6、コード7を介してビデオプロセッサ3に接続されている。
ビデオプロセッサ3は、リード線を介してLED13への電力供給を行うとともにLED13の発光を制御し、かつ、信号線16を介して撮像手段15への駆動信号を発信するとともに撮像手段15からの電気信号(出力信号)を受信し、映像信号に処理してビデモニタ4に送出するものであり、操作部6に備えられたスイッチ18により遠隔操作可能である。
【0021】
次に、先端部11における撮像手段15およびLED13の具体的な配置について図3、4を用いて説明する。
LED13は、第1のLED13a及び第2のLED13bからなり、図3に示す通り、それら発光方向が先端部11の軸芯線と平行となるよう先端部11内に備えられている。また、図4に示す通り、第1のLED13a及び第2のLED13bは、交互かつ放射状に2個づつ計4個を等角配置している。
【0022】
本実施の形態における第1のLED13aは、中心部は明るいが、周辺部の照度が足りない、つまり、チップ前面にレンズのついているスポット照明タイプのLEDである。
【0023】
具体的には、LEDチップの前面にエポキシ樹脂からなる凸レンズを一体的に配置したメタルヘッダ形LED、もしくは、LEDチップをエポキシ樹脂等で固めるとともに、該エポキシ樹脂にて凸レンズを形成したエポキシ樹脂埋め込み形LED等を用いる。
また、本実施の形態における第2のLED13bは、周辺部は明るいが、中心部の照度が足りない、つまり、チップ前面にレンズのついていない拡散照明タイプのLEDである。
具体的には、LEDチップをエポキシ樹脂等で固めたチップLED等を用いる。
【0024】
(作用)
上記内視鏡システム1を、管路等の内部の観察に使用する場合、まず、ビデオプロセッサ3によりリード線17を介してLED13a、13bに電力を供給し、LED13a、13bを発光して観察領域を照明しつつ、対物レンズ系14に入射する反射光を撮像手段15で電気信号に変換する。
【0025】
電気信号は、信号線16を介してビデオプロセッサ3に出力されるとともに、ビデオプロセッサ3で画像信号に変換され、モニタ4に出力される。
観察者は、モニタ4の画像を観察しつつアングルノブ12を操作し、先端部11の方向を決めつつ先端部11を管路等の内部に押し込み、先端部11を目的の観察対象物(位置)まで送る。
【0026】
先端部11を押し込むとき、および、観察対象物(位置)を観察する際、光の照射角度が広い拡散照明タイプのLED13bが主に手元側を照明し、光の照射角度が狭いスポット照明タイプのLED13aが主に手元側より遠方を照明するので、観察領域全域が均一に照明されることになる。
【0027】
(効果)
本実施の形態によると、観察しやすい適切な配光特性、即ち、観察領域全域において均一な照度を得ることができるため、従来の様に、ランプとは別体のレンズや反射板を備える必要がない。
従って、適切な配光特性の得られる内視鏡を安価、かつ、小型に製造することができる。
尚、本実施の形態では、LEDの種類を2種類としたが、3種類以上のLEDを配置しても良い。
【0028】
(実施の形態2)
図5に示す通り、本実施の形態は、凸レンズが付いているスポット照明タイプのLED19と、凸レンズが付いていない拡散照明タイプのLED20とを同一の基板上に配置するとともに、エポキシ等の樹脂で一体的に固め、両者を1つのパッケージ21内に納めたものである。
本実施の形態では、このパッケージ21が対物光学系14を挟んで対向するよう、先端部11の先端に1対備えた。
その他の構成および作用は実施の形態1と同様である。
【0029】
(効果)
スポット照明タイプのLEDと、拡散照明タイプのLEDとを同一のパッケージに収めたので、内視鏡の先端部の組み立て性が向上する。従って、製造コストをさらに低減することができる。
その他の効果は実施の形態1と同様である。
【0030】
(実施の形態3)
図6に示す通り、本実施の形態は、スポット照明タイプであって、正面からみると略長方形かつ板面状のLED22と、拡散照明タイプであって略長方形かつ板面状のLED23とを基板(図示省略)上に交互に配置し、この基板を先端部11に固定したものである。
その他の構成および作用は実施の形態1と同様である。
【0031】
(効果)
板面状のLEDは基板への実装が容易であることと、LEDを実装した基板を先端部に組み付けることは容易であることから、製造コストをさらに低減することができる。
その他の効果は実施の形態1と同様である。
【0032】
(実施の形態4)
本実施の形態は、図7に示す通り、スポット照明タイプである板面状のLED24、および、拡散照明タイプである板面状のLED25の形状を扇形状とし、LED24とLED25とを2個づつ計4個配置したものである。
その他の構成及び作用は実施の形態1、3と同様である。
【0033】
(効果)
本実施の形態によると、LEDの配置場所が、観察光学系と先端部との間のリング状部分に限られる場合において、LEDの形状を、リング状部分の形状に沿った扇形状とすることにより、先端部にLEDを高密度に配置できるので、先端部の小型化に寄与できる。
その他の効果は実施の形態1、3と同様である。
尚、図7に示した例では、LED24、25を合計4個としたが、図8に示すように、さらに複数(図8では8個)のLED24、25を配置しても良い。
その効果は実施の形態4と同様である。
【0034】
(実施の形態5)
本実施の形態におけるLEDは、図9に示す通り、その中心部が対物光学系の中心と一致したドーナツ状の基板上に、スポット照明タイプのLEDチップ(図示省略)を複数個と、拡散照明タイプのLEDチップ(図示省略)を複数個、交互に配置し、全体をエポキシ等の樹脂で固め、1つのドーナツ状のパッケージ26としたものである。
その他の構成および作用は実施の形態1と同様である。
【0035】
(効果)
本実施の形態によると、LEDチップの高密度実装が可能となるとともに、先端部へのLEDの組み付け性が容易となる。
その他の効果は実施の形態1と同様。
【0036】
(実施の形態6)
本実施の形態は、図10に示す通り、面取部Cを形成した板面状のLED27、28(破線は、LED27、28に組み込まれたLEDチップを示す。)を、観察光学系の周囲に円周上に並べたものである。
【0037】
LED27はスポット照明タイプ、LED28は拡散照明タイプであり、LED27、28には、対物光学系14を中心としたときの周囲の円周上にLED27、28を等角配置したとき、LED27、28の対物光学系14側となる2箇所の角(稜)に面取部Cを形成してある。
【0038】
面取部Cの角度及び量は、LED27、28に組み込まれたLEDチップや電極に影響のない範囲で、かつ、隣接するLED27、28同士を近接あるいは接触したときに、整然と円周上に並べられる程度、かつ、LED27、28を円周上に並べたときの外径(即ち先端部の内径)が可能な限り最小のものになる程度、とする。
その他の構成および作用は実施の形態1、3と同様である。
【0039】
(効果)
LEDに面取りを施したことにより、LEDの間隔をつめて配置できる。
従って、実施の形態3の場合と比較し、同じ先端部外径の中により多くのLEDを実装できるので、照明光量を増すことができる。
また、同数のLEDを細い内径内に実装できるので、先端部外径をさらに小径化できる。
その他は実施の形態1、3と同様の効果である。
【0040】
(実施の形態7)
本実施の形態では、図11に示す通り、スポット照明タイプのLED29、拡散照明タイプのLED30に対して上記実施の形態6と同様の面取部Cを形成するとともに、LED29、30における先端部11の内径側の角(稜)にも面取部Cを形成した。
【0041】
面取部Cの角度及び量は、LED29、30内に組み込まれたチップや電極に影響のない範囲で、かつ先端部11の内径を最小のもととすることのできる程度、とする。
その他の構成および作用は実施の形態6と同様である。
【0042】
(効果)
実施の形態6の場合よりも、同じ先端部外径の中により多くのLEDを実装できるので、照明光量を増すことができる。
また、同数のLEDを細い内径内に実装できるので、先端部外径をさらに小径化できる。
その他の効果は、実施の形態1、3、6と同様である。
【0043】
(実施の形態8)
本実施の形態の詳細を図12に基づいて説明する。
図12は、本実施の形態における内視鏡の操作部の内部構成を示す図である。図12に示す通り、操作部31は、アングルノブ(図1参照)の回動中心となる軸32を有するとともに、金属等の導電性素材からなるコード33の基端を固定し、かつ、図示省略した他の部品にアースされた金属等の導電性素材からなるジイタ34と、このジイタ34を覆うとともに、ジイタ34およびスイッチ35を位置決め、固定した、プラスチック等の非導電素材からなるカバー36と、より構成されている。
【0044】
また、操作部31の内部には、撮像ユニット15(図2参照)を駆動するための駆動信号を伝達するとともに、撮像ユニット15からの出力信号を伝達するためのCCDケーブル37と、上記スイッチ35からビデオプロセッサー3(図2参照)までのスイッチケーブル38が通っている。
【0045】
通常、撮像ユニット15は、高クロック周波数で駆動されるので、CCDケーブル37から発生する電磁界ノイズは、周辺にある金属部材を誘導し、その誘導された金属部材はさらに強い電磁界ノイズを発生する。
【0046】
本実施の形態における操作部31では、スイッチ35とCCDケーブル37とが近接しているので、スイッチ35が何らアースされていなければ、スイッチ35から強い電磁界ノイズが発生してしまう。
【0047】
そこで、本実施の形態では、スイッチ35の導電性部分と上記ジイタ34とをアース線39で結び、両者を同電位とした。
その他の構成は、上記実施の形態1と同様である。
【0048】
(作用)
本実施の形態によると、スイッチ35は、ジイタ34にアースされているので、高周波の誘導を受けにくい。
【0049】
(効果)
スイッチ35が電磁界ノイズを受けても、さらに強い電磁界ノイズを発生させることはない。
尚、上記各実施の形態における内視鏡装置は、観察対象物を観察する機能のみしか有していないが、本発明に係る内視鏡先端部は、鉗子等を挿通するためのチャンネルを有する医療用の内視鏡装置に、補修のためのプローブ等を挿通するためのチャンネルを有する工業用の内視鏡装置に応用しても良い。
【0050】
(付記)
尚、本発明は、以下の構成を含む。
(1)照明用として複数のランプを設けた内視鏡先端部において、配光特性の異なる少なくとも2種類以上のランプを配置したことを特徴とする内視鏡先端部。
(2)上記構成(1)の内視鏡先端部において、配光特性の異なる少なくとも2種類以上のランプを一組のパッケージとして配置したことを特徴とする内視鏡先端部。
(3)上記構成(2)のランプは発光ダイオード(LED)であることを特徴とする内視鏡先端部。
(4)細長い挿入部の先端に対物光学系を有するとともに、LEDを照明用光源として使用する内視鏡において、上記LEDは正面から見ると略長方形であり、少なくとも対物光学系側の2つの陵に対して、面取りを施したことを特徴とする内視鏡先端部。
(5)上記構成(4)の上記LEDにおいて、対物光学系とは反対側の陵に対しても面取りを施したことを特徴とする内視鏡先端部。
(6)LEDの形状が内視鏡中心軸または、対物光学系の中心軸を中心にドーナツ形状で設けられた内視鏡。
(7)外観が非導電性である成形樹脂からなる操作部と、上記成形樹脂だけから固定された導電性部材と、上記操作部の内部には高クロック周波数のケーブルが通っている電子内視鏡操作部において、上記導電性部材を操作部内のアースされている部材と接続して同電位にしたことを特徴とする電子内視鏡操作部。
【0051】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、照明レンズや反射板等、高価な光学系を使用することなく、簡単な構成で、観察しやすい適切な配光の照明手段を得ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】実施の形態1における内視鏡システムの概略構成を示す図。
【図2】図1における内視鏡システムの電気系統を模式的に示す図。
【図3】実施の形態1におけるLEDの配置を示す側面図。
【図4】実施の形態1におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図5】実施の形態2におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図6】実施の形態3におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図7】実施の形態4におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図8】実施の形態4におけるLEDの他の配置例を示す正面図。
【図9】実施の形態5におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図10】実施の形態6におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図11】実施の形態7におけるLEDの配置を示す正面図。
【図12】実施の形態8における内視鏡の操作部の内部構成を示す図。
【符号の説明】
1 内視鏡システム
2 内視鏡装置
11 先端部
13a スポット照明タイプLED
13b 拡散照明タイプLED
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an endoscope that observes an observation object by irradiating illumination light from a distal end portion of an insertion portion.
[0002]
[Prior art]
An endoscope is mainly inserted into a body cavity of a living body, a narrow duct, or the like, and is used for observation and treatment in the body cavity, observation or repair in the duct or the like.
[0003]
Usually, since there is no light in the body cavity, the duct, etc., the distal end portion of the endoscope has illumination means for illuminating the observation visual field.
Illumination means includes one that guides illumination light to the distal end of the endoscope through a light guide fiber bundled with optical fibers, and one that includes a small lamp at the distal end of the endoscope.
[0004]
In particular, a tip-lamp type endoscope that uses a small lamp as an illumination means is cheaper than an endoscope that uses a light guide fiber, and the length of the insertion section (the length of the light guide fiber) Since the brightness is not affected by (length), there is an advantage that the insertion portion can be freely lengthened.
[0005]
There are many types of lamps used for illumination, but when classified according to the light distribution characteristics, that is, the angle of light to irradiate, spot illumination that distributes light in a narrow range while suppressing the diffusion of light by the lens provided on the front of the lamp It is classified into a type and a diffused illumination type that distributes light over a wide range.
[0006]
For this reason, the lamp is selected in consideration of its light distribution characteristics so as to match the observation area of the endoscope to be incorporated, but usually only one lamp is uniform over the entire observation area of the endoscope. I cannot get a good illuminance.
[0007]
For example, when an endoscope incorporating a spot illumination type lamp is inserted into a duct or the like, the observation region has a depth, so that the image becomes darker toward the hand side. Conversely, when an endoscope incorporating a diffuse illumination type lamp is inserted into the duct, only the hand side can be observed.
[0008]
Various solutions have been made to solve these problems.
For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-275200, a light emitting diode (LED) is used as a small lamp, and an illumination optical system such as a lens is disposed on the front side of the LED, whereby the light distribution angle of illumination light emitted by the LED is set. It is described that it is arranged.
[0009]
In JP-A-61-276532, a reflection plate is provided on the back side of the lamp, and light from the lamp is reflected on the reflection plate to indirectly illuminate the observation area. Obtaining a good light distribution.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, as described above, if a lens or a reflector is provided to obtain an appropriate light distribution characteristic, the endoscope becomes expensive.
[0011]
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide an endoscope capable of obtaining appropriate light distribution characteristics at a low cost.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above problems, the endoscope of the present invention is provided at the distal end portion of the endoscope, and includes a first illumination unit that irradiates the observation target with illumination light, and a light distribution angle of the first illumination unit. and a second illumination means having a wide light distribution angle, with the first illuminating means and second illuminating means can be irradiated simultaneously, arranged in the same package. Also, a plurality of packages are provided and arranged so as to face each other with an objective optical system provided at the tip.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an endoscope system according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an electrical system of the endoscope system in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a diagram of LEDs at the distal end portion of the endoscope. FIG. 4 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs at the distal end portion of the endoscope.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 1, an endoscope system 1 includes an endoscope device 2 for capturing an image of an observation object, a video processor 3 that converts an electrical signal output from the endoscope device 2 into a video signal, and the like. And a monitor 4 for displaying a video signal from the video processor 3.
[0015]
The endoscope apparatus 2 includes an insertion section 5 that is inserted into an observation object, an operation section 6 that operates the endoscope apparatus 2, a cord 7 that is extended from the operation section 6, a cord 7, and a video processor. 3 includes a connector 8 for attaching and detaching 3.
[0016]
The insertion portion 5 is bendable in four directions perpendicular to each other with respect to the axial center line of the insertion portion 5 while being positioned on the distal end side with respect to the flexible portion 9 and the flexible portion 9 extending from the operation portion 6. It comprises a bending portion 10 having flexibility and a distal end portion 11 located further on the distal end than the bending portion 10.
[0017]
One end of the insertion portion 5 is connected to the distal end portion 11, and the other end of the operation wire (not shown) connected to the two angle knobs 12 provided in the operation portion 6 is inserted. .
[0018]
The angle knob 12 is provided so as to be rotatable with respect to the operation unit 5, and the operation wire is pulled by the rotation of the angle knob 12.
That is, when the operation wire pulls the distal end portion 11, the bending portion 10 is bent, and the direction of the distal end portion 11 can be determined.
[0019]
As shown in FIG. 2, the distal end portion 11 is provided with an LED 13 as an illuminating means for illuminating the observation object, and an objective optical system 14 that forms an image of the observation object. At the rear end of the optical system 14, an imaging unit 15 including a solid-state imaging device (CCD) that converts an image formed by the objective optical system 14 into an electrical signal is provided.
[0020]
The signal line 16 of the imaging unit 15 and the lead wire 17 of the LED 13 are connected to the video processor 3 via the insertion unit 5, the operation unit 6, and the cord 7.
The video processor 3 supplies power to the LED 13 via the lead wire, controls light emission of the LED 13, transmits a drive signal to the imaging means 15 via the signal line 16, and supplies electricity from the imaging means 15. A signal (output signal) is received, processed into a video signal, sent to the bidet monitor 4, and can be remotely operated by a switch 18 provided in the operation unit 6.
[0021]
Next, a specific arrangement of the imaging unit 15 and the LED 13 in the distal end portion 11 will be described with reference to FIGS.
The LED 13 includes a first LED 13a and a second LED 13b, and is provided in the distal end portion 11 so that the light emission direction thereof is parallel to the axis of the distal end portion 11 as shown in FIG. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4, the first LED 13a and the second LED 13b are arranged equiangularly in a total of four, two alternately and radially.
[0022]
The first LED 13a in the present embodiment is a spot illumination type LED having a bright central portion but insufficient illuminance in the peripheral portion, that is, a lens attached to the front surface of the chip.
[0023]
Specifically, a metal header LED in which a convex lens made of an epoxy resin is integrally arranged on the front surface of the LED chip, or an epoxy resin embedded in which the LED chip is hardened with an epoxy resin and a convex lens is formed with the epoxy resin A shape LED is used.
In addition, the second LED 13b in the present embodiment is a diffuse illumination type LED that has a bright peripheral part but lacks the illuminance at the central part, that is, has no lens on the front surface of the chip.
Specifically, a chip LED in which the LED chip is hardened with an epoxy resin or the like is used.
[0024]
(Function)
When the endoscope system 1 is used for observing the inside of a pipeline or the like, first, the video processor 3 supplies power to the LEDs 13a and 13b via the lead wires 17 and emits the LEDs 13a and 13b to observe the observation area. The reflected light incident on the objective lens system 14 is converted into an electrical signal by the imaging means 15.
[0025]
The electrical signal is output to the video processor 3 through the signal line 16, converted into an image signal by the video processor 3, and output to the monitor 4.
The observer operates the angle knob 12 while observing the image on the monitor 4, pushes the distal end portion 11 into a pipe or the like while determining the direction of the distal end portion 11, and moves the distal end portion 11 to a target observation object (position )
[0026]
When pushing the tip 11 and observing the observation object (position), the diffuse illumination type LED 13b having a wide light irradiation angle mainly illuminates the hand side, and the light irradiation angle is a narrow spot illumination type. Since the LED 13a mainly illuminates the far side from the hand side, the entire observation region is illuminated uniformly.
[0027]
(effect)
According to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain appropriate light distribution characteristics that are easy to observe, that is, uniform illuminance over the entire observation region, and thus it is necessary to provide a lens and a reflector that are separate from the lamp as in the past. There is no.
Therefore, an endoscope capable of obtaining appropriate light distribution characteristics can be manufactured at a low cost and in a small size.
In this embodiment, two types of LEDs are used, but three or more types of LEDs may be arranged.
[0028]
(Embodiment 2)
As shown in FIG. 5, in this embodiment, a spot illumination type LED 19 with a convex lens and a diffuse illumination type LED 20 without a convex lens are arranged on the same substrate, and a resin such as epoxy is used. They are solidified together and housed in one package 21.
In the present embodiment, a pair of the package 21 is provided at the distal end of the distal end portion 11 so as to face each other with the objective optical system 14 interposed therebetween.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0029]
(effect)
Since the spot illumination type LED and the diffuse illumination type LED are housed in the same package, the assemblability of the distal end portion of the endoscope is improved. Therefore, the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
Other effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0030]
(Embodiment 3)
As shown in FIG. 6, the present embodiment is a spot illumination type, and when viewed from the front, a substantially rectangular and plate-like LED 22 and a diffuse illumination type and substantially rectangular and plate-like LED 23 are provided as substrates. (The illustration is omitted) The substrates are alternately arranged and the substrate is fixed to the tip portion 11.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0031]
(effect)
Since the plate-like LED can be easily mounted on the substrate, and the substrate on which the LED is mounted can be easily assembled to the tip, the manufacturing cost can be further reduced.
Other effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0032]
(Embodiment 4)
In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the plate-like LED 24 that is a spot illumination type and the plate-like LED 25 that is a diffuse illumination type are fan-shaped, and two LEDs 24 and two LEDs 25 are provided. A total of four are arranged.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first and third embodiments.
[0033]
(effect)
According to the present embodiment, in the case where the location of the LED is limited to the ring-shaped portion between the observation optical system and the tip, the shape of the LED is a fan shape along the shape of the ring-shaped portion. As a result, the LEDs can be arranged at a high density at the tip portion, which can contribute to miniaturization of the tip portion.
Other effects are the same as in the first and third embodiments.
In the example shown in FIG. 7, the total number of LEDs 24 and 25 is four. However, as shown in FIG. 8, a plurality of (eight in FIG. 8) LEDs 24 and 25 may be arranged.
The effect is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.
[0034]
(Embodiment 5)
As shown in FIG. 9, the LED according to the present embodiment has a plurality of spot illumination type LED chips (not shown) on a donut-shaped substrate whose central portion coincides with the center of the objective optical system, and diffuse illumination. A plurality of type LED chips (not shown) are alternately arranged, and the whole is hardened with a resin such as epoxy to form one donut-shaped package 26.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0035]
(effect)
According to this embodiment, high-density mounting of LED chips is possible, and the ease of assembling the LED to the tip is facilitated.
Other effects are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0036]
(Embodiment 6)
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 10, plate-like LEDs 27 and 28 having a chamfered portion C (broken lines indicate LED chips incorporated in the LEDs 27 and 28) around the observation optical system. Are arranged on the circumference.
[0037]
The LED 27 is a spot illumination type, the LED 28 is a diffuse illumination type, and when the LEDs 27 and 28 are arranged equiangularly on the circumference around the objective optical system 14, the LEDs 27 and 28 Chamfered portions C are formed at two corners (ridges) on the objective optical system 14 side.
[0038]
The angle and amount of the chamfered portion C are in a range that does not affect the LED chips and electrodes incorporated in the LEDs 27 and 28, and when the adjacent LEDs 27 and 28 are close to or in contact with each other, they are regularly arranged on the circumference. The outer diameter when the LEDs 27 and 28 are arranged on the circumference (that is, the inner diameter of the tip portion) is as small as possible.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first and third embodiments.
[0039]
(effect)
By chamfering the LEDs, the intervals between the LEDs can be increased.
Therefore, as compared with the case of the third embodiment, more LEDs can be mounted in the same outer diameter of the tip, so that the amount of illumination light can be increased.
Moreover, since the same number of LEDs can be mounted within a narrow inner diameter, the outer diameter of the tip can be further reduced.
The other effects are the same as in the first and third embodiments.
[0040]
(Embodiment 7)
In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 11, a chamfered portion C similar to that of the sixth embodiment is formed on the spot illumination type LED 29 and the diffuse illumination type LED 30, and the tip end portion 11 of the LEDs 29 and 30 is formed. The chamfered portion C was also formed on the inner diameter side corner (ridge).
[0041]
The angle and the amount of the chamfered portion C are within a range that does not affect the chips and electrodes incorporated in the LEDs 29 and 30 and that the inner diameter of the tip end portion 11 can be minimized.
Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the sixth embodiment.
[0042]
(effect)
Since more LEDs can be mounted in the same outer diameter of the tip than in the case of the sixth embodiment, the amount of illumination light can be increased.
Moreover, since the same number of LEDs can be mounted within a narrow inner diameter, the outer diameter of the tip can be further reduced.
Other effects are the same as those of the first, third, and sixth embodiments.
[0043]
(Embodiment 8)
Details of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of the operation unit of the endoscope according to the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, the operation unit 31 has a shaft 32 that becomes a rotation center of an angle knob (see FIG. 1), fixes a base end of a cord 33 made of a conductive material such as metal, and the like. And a cover 36 made of a non-conductive material such as plastic, which covers the jitter 34 and positions and fixes the jitter 34 and the switch 35. Is made up of.
[0044]
In addition, a drive signal for driving the image pickup unit 15 (see FIG. 2) and a CCD cable 37 for transmitting an output signal from the image pickup unit 15 and the switch 35 are transmitted inside the operation unit 31. To the video processor 3 (see FIG. 2).
[0045]
Usually, since the imaging unit 15 is driven at a high clock frequency, the electromagnetic noise generated from the CCD cable 37 induces a surrounding metal member, and the induced metal member generates a stronger electromagnetic noise. To do.
[0046]
In the operation unit 31 in the present embodiment, the switch 35 and the CCD cable 37 are close to each other. Therefore, if the switch 35 is not grounded at all, strong electromagnetic field noise is generated from the switch 35.
[0047]
Therefore, in the present embodiment, the conductive portion of the switch 35 and the above-mentioned diter 34 are connected by the ground wire 39, and both are set to the same potential.
Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment.
[0048]
(Function)
According to the present embodiment, since the switch 35 is grounded to the jitter 34, it is difficult to receive high frequency induction.
[0049]
(effect)
Even if the switch 35 receives electromagnetic field noise, no stronger electromagnetic field noise is generated.
In addition, although the endoscope apparatus in each said embodiment has only the function to observe an observation object, the endoscope front-end | tip part which concerns on this invention has a channel for inserting forceps etc. The medical endoscope apparatus may be applied to an industrial endoscope apparatus having a channel for inserting a repair probe or the like.
[0050]
(Appendix)
The present invention includes the following configurations.
(1) An endoscope distal end portion in which at least two kinds of lamps having different light distribution characteristics are arranged in an endoscope distal end portion provided with a plurality of lamps for illumination.
(2) An endoscope distal end portion in which at least two kinds of lamps having different light distribution characteristics are arranged as a set of packages in the endoscope distal end portion having the configuration (1).
(3) The endoscope tip portion, wherein the lamp having the configuration (2) is a light emitting diode (LED).
(4) In an endoscope having an objective optical system at the tip of an elongated insertion portion and using an LED as a light source for illumination, the LED is substantially rectangular when viewed from the front, and at least two ridges on the objective optical system side In contrast, an endoscope distal end portion that is chamfered.
(5) An endoscope distal end portion characterized in that, in the LED of the configuration (4), chamfering is performed also on a ridge opposite to the objective optical system.
(6) An endoscope in which the shape of the LED is provided in a donut shape around the central axis of the endoscope or the central axis of the objective optical system.
(7) An electronic part having an operation portion made of a molding resin having a non-conductive appearance, a conductive member fixed only from the molding resin, and a cable having a high clock frequency passing through the operation portion. An electronic endoscope operation unit characterized in that in the mirror operation unit, the conductive member is connected to a grounded member in the operation unit to have the same potential.
[0051]
【The invention's effect】
ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the illumination means of the appropriate light distribution which is easy to observe can be obtained with simple structure, without using expensive optical systems, such as an illumination lens and a reflecting plate.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an endoscope system according to a first embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing an electrical system of the endoscope system in FIG.
3 is a side view showing the arrangement of LEDs in Embodiment 1. FIG.
4 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs in Embodiment 1. FIG.
5 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs in Embodiment 2. FIG.
6 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs in Embodiment 3. FIG.
7 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs in Embodiment 4. FIG.
FIG. 8 is a front view showing another arrangement example of LEDs in the fourth embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs in the fifth embodiment.
10 is a front view showing an arrangement of LEDs in Embodiment 6. FIG.
FIG. 11 is a front view showing the arrangement of LEDs in the seventh embodiment.
12 is a diagram illustrating an internal configuration of an operation unit of an endoscope according to an eighth embodiment. FIG.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Endoscope system 2 Endoscope apparatus 11 Tip part 13a Spot illumination type LED
13b Diffuse illumination type LED

Claims (2)

内視鏡の先端部に設けられ、観察対象物に照明光を照射する第1の照明手段と、この第1の照明手段の配光角度より広い配光角度を有する第2の照明手段とを備え、前記第1の照明手段と前記第2の照明手段は同時に照射可能であるとともに、同一のパッケージ内に配置することを特徴とする内視鏡。A first illuminating means provided at the distal end portion of the endoscope and irradiating the observation object with illumination light; and a second illuminating means having a light distribution angle wider than the light distribution angle of the first illumination means. The endoscope is characterized in that the first illuminating means and the second illuminating means can be irradiated at the same time , and are arranged in the same package . 前記パッケージを複数設け、前記先端部に設けた対物光学系を挟んで対向するように配置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の内視鏡。 The endoscope according to claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the packages are provided and arranged so as to face each other with an objective optical system provided at the distal end portion interposed therebetween .
JP24159997A 1997-09-08 1997-09-08 Endoscope Expired - Fee Related JP3953593B2 (en)

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