JP3947476B2 - Wild animal invasion prevention method - Google Patents

Wild animal invasion prevention method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3947476B2
JP3947476B2 JP2003016141A JP2003016141A JP3947476B2 JP 3947476 B2 JP3947476 B2 JP 3947476B2 JP 2003016141 A JP2003016141 A JP 2003016141A JP 2003016141 A JP2003016141 A JP 2003016141A JP 3947476 B2 JP3947476 B2 JP 3947476B2
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Prior art keywords
fabric
wild animal
wild
prevention method
value
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JP2003016141A
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JP2004222632A (en
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克昇 鈴木
光博 西川
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Unitika Ltd
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Unitika Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、猪や鹿等の野生動物が夜中に田畑等に侵入するのを防止するのに適した資材を用いた野生動物侵入防止方法に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、猪や鹿等の野生動物が田畑等に侵入するのを防止する方法として、金網、鉄条網、鉄柵、塩化ビニルシート等の合成樹脂フィルム、繊維製ネット、電流を流した電線等を用いて田畑等の周囲を取り囲むという方法が実施されていた。これらはいずれも田畑等の周囲に遮蔽物を設けて野生動物の侵入を防止しようという考え方で、それぞれ設置するための労力やコスト、維持コスト、耐用年数等において一長一短があるものであった。
【0003】
これらの方法に対して、野生動物が近づかないようにするとの考え方に基づいた方法が提案されている。例えば、特許文献1には、動物に生理的嫌悪感をもたらす忌避剤を塗布あるいは含浸した繊維製ネットを用いる方法が提案されている。また特許文献2には、周囲に刺激臭を発する植物を植生する方法が提案されている。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平6−237680号公報
【0005】
【特許文献2】
特開2002−34431号公報
【0006】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明は、上記の状況に鑑み、野生動物が近づかないようにするとの考え方に基づいた方法であって、設置するための労力やコスト、維持コストを低く抑えることが可能で、耐用期間が長い資材であって、野生動物による食害が多く発生している夜中に、野生動物が侵入するのを防止するため資材を用いた侵入防止方法を提供することを課題とするものである。
【0007】
【発明を解決するための手段】
本発明は、上記の課題を解決するものであり、野生動物の侵入を防止する区域の周囲に、遮光率が60%以上、L値が40以下である布帛からなる野生動物侵入防止用資材を張り巡らすことを特徴とする野生動物侵入防止方法を要旨とするものである。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明について詳細に説明する。
【0009】
本発明は、猪や鹿等の野生動物が夜中に行動する場合に、暗くてその先が見通すことができないと、恐怖感をおぼえて先に進むことを躊躇する習性があることを利用して、野生動物が保護したい田畑等に近づくことを防止するものである。
【0010】
本発明に用いる野生動物侵入防止用資材は、遮光率が60%以上、L値が40以下である布帛からなるものである。本発明でいう布帛とは、織物、寒冷紗、編物、不織布をいう。布帛を構成する繊維素材は、綿、麻等の天然繊維、レーヨン等の再生繊維、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、アクリル、ビニロン等の合成繊維等いわゆる紡織繊維のいずれでもよく、これらの繊維が混用されていてもよい。また、フィルム等を細幅に裁断したテープヤーンを繊維素材として用いてもよい。
【0011】
織物や編物である場合、その組織はいずれであってもよい。
【0012】
また、布帛が不織布である場合、上記の繊維の短繊維からなる短繊維不織布であっても、ポリアミド、ポリエステル、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等の合成樹脂をスパンボンド法やフラッシュ紡糸法等によって不織布とした長繊維不織布であってもよい。また、コスト等の点で優れているため、スパンボンド不織布を好ましく用いることができ、さらにニードルパンチが施されることにより、構成繊維同士が交絡してなるスパンボンド不織布は、引裂強力が優れるため、長期間の展張において耐久性に優れる。
【0013】
本発明で野生動物侵入防止用資材として布帛を採用するのは、布帛は繊維間、あるいは組織間に空隙を有していて、通気性を有しているからである。フィルムのように通気性のないシートを野生動物侵入防止用資材として用いると、少しの風によって倒壊する恐れがあり、また、風雨等によるはためきによって取り付け部分が破損してしまいやすくなる。布帛の場合には、通気性を有しているため、また、引裂強力に優れているために、これらの事故を発生するリスクが軽減できる。
【0014】
本発明に用いる野生動物侵入防止用資材は、遮光率が60%以上であることが必要であり、好ましくは75%以上、より好ましくは85%以上である。また、本発明に用いる野生動物浸入防止資材は、L値が40以下であることが必要であり、好ましくは30以下である。
【0015】
本発明における遮光率は、次の方法で測定したものである。すなわち、JISL1906に準じた装置にて、光源としてレフランプカラー用500W(品番:PRF−500)を用い、試料取り付け部から30cmの位置に置き、光源の光度を照度計が2000ルックスを示すように調整し、試料取り付け部に試料を取り付け、その時の照度計の値Aを読み取る。そして遮光率を次式により算出する。
遮光率(%)=((2000−A)/2000)×100
【0016】
また、本発明におけるL値は、次の方法で測定したものである。すなわち、色彩色差計(データプロセッサ DP−300、測定ヘッド CR−310:ミノルタ社製)を用い、測定箇所の試料の目付が300g/m2以上となるように、布帛を折りたたみ、設置して測定した。測定の際は、測定個所を変えて4個所測定し、得られた値の平均値をL値とした。なお、布帛の表裏面の形態が異なるものについては、各面共に2個所づつ測定し、それらの平均値をL値とした。
【0017】
布帛の遮光率を60%以上とするには、布帛を構成する繊維間あるいは糸条間の間隔を小さくして光を通しにくくするとよく、織物や編物の場合には、ツイルやサテン調の糸条間の空隙が透かして見えにくい組織とするのが好ましい。不織布の場合は、目付が大きくなる程光を遮る効果が出る。さらにL値を40以下とするには、布帛は濃色に着色されているものを用いるとよい。この場合の色相としては黒色が好ましい。布帛を濃色に着色する方法としては、布帛を染色する方法と、繊維原料に顔料等の着色剤を混合して繊維を形成させて原着繊維とする方法がある。布帛を黒色に着色することにより、布帛の目付が50〜100g/m2であっても遮光率を60%以上とすることができる。ポリエステル等の合成樹脂にカーボン等の黒色の顔料を混練してスパンボンド方式により製造した黒色原着スパンボンド不織布は、コスト面でも有利に製造でき、本発明の野生動物侵入防止用資材として好適な布帛である。繊維原料、製造法、コスト、不織布の性能等を考慮すると、黒色原着ポリエステルスパンボンド不織布であるのが最も好ましい。
【0018】
また、布帛に耐候性を付与することも好ましい。耐候性を付与する方法としては、公知の耐候剤(酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、紫外線反射剤等)を布帛に付与すればよく、例えば、布帛を構成する繊維に練り込む、耐候剤を繊維に付着させる、耐候剤入りのバインダー樹脂等を布帛にコーティングや含浸する等が挙げられる。
【0019】
本発明の野生動物侵入防止方法は、野生動物が侵入するのを防止したい区域の周囲に上記の野生動物侵入防止用資材を張り巡らすものである。野生動物侵入防止用資材を張り巡らすには、適当な間隔にて杭を立てて、対象動物の高さ程度の幅に調整した上記資材を適当な止め具によって止めて張り巡らせればよい。このように遮光率が60%以上、L値が40以下の布帛を作物や果実を植生した田畑等の周囲に張り巡らせておくと、夜中に猪や鹿等の野生動物が近づいてきた時、暗くて前方が見えず恐怖感をおぼえて突進することを躊躇し、結果的に侵入を防止できることになる。
【0020】
【実施例】
次に本発明を実施例により具体的に説明する。実施例における性能評価は、下記の方法によって行った。なお、遮光率、L値については、上記したとおりである。
1)通気度
JIS L1906フラジール形法に準じて測定した。
2)厚さ
JIS L1906に準じて測定した。
3)引裂強力
JIS L1906 シングルタング法に準じて測定した。
【0021】
実施例1
ポリエチレンテレフタレートにカーボンブラックを0.35%混練してスパンボンド法により製造した単繊維繊度が3.8デシテックスの黒色原着スパンボンド不織ウエブにニードルパンチを施して、構成繊維同士が三次元的に交絡してなる不織布とした後、アクリル樹脂(東洋インキ株式会社 トークリルDu)を繊維質量に対して14%含浸により付与し、幅120cmにスリットして、目付が110g/mの本発明に用いる野生動物侵入防止用資材を得た。得られた野生動物侵入防止用資材の遮光率94%、L値29、通気度190cc/cm・秒、厚み0.98mm、引裂強力86Nであった。
【0022】
比較例1
実施例1において、スパンボンド不織布を製造するに際して、ポリエチレンテレフタレートにカーボンブラックを使用しないこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして得た不織布を比較例1とした。得られた不織布の遮光率87%、L値63、通気度200cc/cm2・秒、厚み1.01mm、引裂強力90Nであった。
【0023】
比較例2
黒色フィルムからなるマルチング材(積水フィルム株式会社製 厚み0.02mm、幅135cm)を比較例2とした。フィルムの遮光率は99%で、通気性はなかった。
【0024】
三重県四日市市の里芋農園にて、30m四方の里芋畑の外周に沿って、1.5m間隔で杭(20φ)を立て、実施例1の資材を取り付けて、30m四方の里芋畑の外周に資材を張り巡らして囲んだ。
【0025】
次いで、上記実施例1の資材を張り巡らせた30m四方の里芋畑より約10m離れた里芋畑(30m四方)に、実施例1と同様に、比較例1の資材を取り付け、さらに、比較例1の資材を張り巡らせた里芋畑より約10m離れた里芋畑(30m四方)に、実施例1と同様に比較例2の資材を取り付けた。2002年9月初旬に取り付けを行い、これより1カ月間、動物に侵入状況を観察したところ、比較例1を用いた区域へは、夜中に猪の侵入の形跡があったが、実施例1及び比較例2の区域には、侵入の形跡はなく、作物の被害は全くなかった。ただし、比較例2は、風によるはためきのために取り付け部に破損を生じていた。
【0026】
また、2002年7月初旬に、稲作を行っている田圃に、上記と同様で、資材の幅を100cmとした実施例1の資材を取り付けて、田圃周囲を張り巡らせた。上記取り付けより、8月末の収穫前まで、動物の侵入状態を観察したが、野生動物(猪)による食害は全くなかった。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
本発明のように遮光率が60%以上、L値40以下である布帛からなる資材を野生動物による食害を防止したい区域の周囲に張り巡らしておくと、夜中に野生動物が近づいてきても先が暗くて進むことを躊躇し、中への侵入を防止できる。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to wildlife anti-intrusion method using the capital material suitable to prevent the wild animals such as wild boar, deer from entering the fields such as in the middle of the night.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventional methods of preventing wild animals such as frogs and deer from entering fields etc. have used wire mesh, barbed wire, iron fences, synthetic resin films such as vinyl chloride sheets, fiber nets, electric wires carrying current, etc. The method of enclosing the surroundings of the fields etc. was implemented. All of these are based on the idea of providing a shield around the field to prevent the invasion of wild animals, and each has advantages and disadvantages in labor, cost, maintenance cost, service life, etc. for installation.
[0003]
In contrast to these methods, methods based on the idea of preventing wild animals from approaching have been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a method using a fiber net coated or impregnated with a repellent that causes physiological disgust in animals. Further, Patent Document 2 proposes a method for vegetating a plant that emits an irritating odor around it.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-6-237680 [0005]
[Patent Document 2]
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-34431
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In view of the above situation, the present invention is a method based on the idea of preventing wild animals from approaching, and can reduce labor, cost, and maintenance costs for installation, and has a long service life. a material, in the middle of the night in which the feeding damage by wild animals are often generated, it is an object to provide a anti-intrusion method using materials to prevent the wild animals from entering.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Invention]
The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems, and provides a wild animal invasion prevention material comprising a fabric having a light shielding rate of 60% or more and an L value of 40 or less around an area where wild animals are prevented from entering. A gist of the wild animal invasion prevention method characterized by stretching.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
[0009]
The present invention takes advantage of the habit of reluctant to move forward with a sense of fear when wild animals such as foxes and deer act in the middle of the night and are too dark to see through them. This is to prevent wild animals from approaching the fields that they want to protect.
[0010]
The wild animal intrusion prevention material used in the present invention is made of a fabric having a light shielding rate of 60% or more and an L value of 40 or less. The fabric referred to in the present invention refers to a woven fabric, a cold koji, a knitted fabric, and a non-woven fabric. The fiber material constituting the fabric may be any of natural fibers such as cotton and hemp, recycled fibers such as rayon, so-called textile fibers such as synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester, acrylic and vinylon, and these fibers are mixed. Also good. Further, a tape yarn obtained by cutting a film or the like into a narrow width may be used as the fiber material.
[0011]
In the case of a woven fabric or a knitted fabric, the structure may be any.
[0012]
In addition, when the fabric is a non-woven fabric, even if it is a short-fiber non-woven fabric composed of short fibers of the above-mentioned fibers, a synthetic resin such as polyamide, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. is made into a non-woven fabric by a spunbond method or a flash spinning method. A fiber nonwoven fabric may be sufficient. Moreover, since it is excellent in terms of cost and the like, a spunbond nonwoven fabric can be preferably used, and further, the spunbond nonwoven fabric in which the constituent fibers are entangled by needle punching is excellent in tear strength. Excellent durability in long-term expansion.
[0013]
The reason why the cloth is used as the wild animal invasion prevention material in the present invention is that the cloth has a gap between fibers or tissues, and has air permeability. When a non-breathable sheet such as a film is used as a wild animal invasion prevention material, there is a risk of collapse due to a small amount of wind, and the attachment portion is liable to be damaged by flapping due to wind and rain. In the case of a fabric, since it has air permeability and is excellent in tearing strength, the risk of causing these accidents can be reduced.
[0014]
The wild animal intrusion prevention material used in the present invention is required to have a light shielding rate of 60% or more, preferably 75% or more, and more preferably 85% or more. Further, the wild animal intrusion prevention material used in the present invention is required to have an L value of 40 or less, and preferably 30 or less.
[0015]
The light blocking ratio in the present invention is measured by the following method. That is, with a device conforming to JIS L1906, 500 W (ref. PRF-500) for the reflex lamp color is used as the light source, placed at a position 30 cm from the sample mounting portion, and the luminous intensity of the light source is adjusted so that the illuminance meter shows 2000 lux. Then, the sample is attached to the sample attachment portion, and the value A of the illuminometer at that time is read. Then, the light shielding rate is calculated by the following equation.
Light blocking ratio (%) = ((2000−A) / 2000) × 100
[0016]
The L value in the present invention is measured by the following method. That is, using a color difference meter (data processor DP-300, measuring head CR-310: manufactured by Minolta Co., Ltd.), measurement was performed by folding and setting the fabric so that the basis weight of the sample at the measurement location was 300 g / m 2 or more. did. At the time of measurement, the measurement point was changed and four points were measured, and the average value of the obtained values was taken as the L value. In addition, about the thing from which the form of the front and back of a fabric differs, each surface measured two places, and those average values were made into L value.
[0017]
In order to set the light shielding rate of the fabric to 60% or more, it is preferable to reduce the distance between fibers constituting the fabric or between the yarns so that light cannot pass therethrough. In the case of woven fabrics and knitted fabrics, twill and satin-like yarns are used. It is preferable to use a structure in which the gaps between the stripes are difficult to see through. In the case of a non-woven fabric, the effect of blocking light is increased as the basis weight increases. In order to further reduce the L value to 40 or less, it is preferable to use a fabric that is darkly colored. In this case, the hue is preferably black. As a method of coloring the fabric in a deep color, there are a method of dyeing the fabric and a method of forming a fiber by mixing a fiber material with a colorant such as a pigment to form an original fiber. By coloring the fabric black, the light shielding rate can be 60% or more even if the fabric weight is 50 to 100 g / m 2 . A black original spunbond nonwoven fabric produced by kneading a black pigment such as carbon into a synthetic resin such as polyester by the spunbond method can be advantageously produced in terms of cost, and is suitable as a material for preventing the invasion of wild animals of the present invention. It is a fabric. Considering the fiber raw material, the production method, the cost, the performance of the nonwoven fabric, etc., the black original polyester spunbonded nonwoven fabric is most preferable.
[0018]
It is also preferable to impart weather resistance to the fabric. As a method for imparting weather resistance, a known weathering agent (antioxidant, ultraviolet absorber, ultraviolet reflector, etc.) may be imparted to the fabric. For example, the weathering agent kneaded into the fibers constituting the fabric is used as the fiber. Coating or impregnating a fabric with a binder resin containing a weathering agent to be adhered to the surface.
[0019]
The wild animal invasion prevention method of the present invention is to spread the above wild animal invasion prevention material around an area where it is desired to prevent the invasion of wild animals. In order to stretch the wild animal invasion prevention material, it is only necessary to set up piles at an appropriate interval and stop the material adjusted to a width of about the height of the target animal with an appropriate stopper. In this way, when a fabric with a shading rate of 60% or more and an L value of 40 or less is stretched around a field where crops and fruits are vegetated, when wild animals such as cormorants and deer approach in the middle of the night, It's dark and you can't see the front, hesitates to rush to fear and eventually prevent intrusion.
[0020]
【Example】
Next, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples. The performance evaluation in the examples was performed by the following method. The light shielding rate and L value are as described above.
1) Air permeability Measured according to JIS L1906 Frazier method.
2) Thickness Measured according to JIS L1906.
3) Tear strength Measured according to JIS L1906 single tongue method.
[0021]
Example 1
A single fiber fineness of 3.8 dtex manufactured by kneading 0.35% of carbon black with polyethylene terephthalate is needle punched into a black original spunbond nonwoven web, and the constituent fibers are three-dimensional. Into the present invention with an acrylic resin (Toyo Ink Co., Ltd., Tokrill Du) impregnated by 14% impregnation with respect to the fiber mass, slit into a width of 120 cm, and a basis weight of 110 g / m 2 The wild animal invasion prevention material to be used was obtained. The obtained wild animal invasion prevention material had a light shielding rate of 94%, an L value of 29, an air permeability of 190 cc / cm 2 · second, a thickness of 0.98 mm, and a tear strength of 86 N.
[0022]
Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, when producing a spunbonded nonwoven fabric, a nonwoven fabric obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 was used as Comparative Example 1 except that carbon black was not used for polyethylene terephthalate. The obtained nonwoven fabric had a light shielding ratio of 87%, an L value of 63, an air permeability of 200 cc / cm 2 · sec, a thickness of 1.01 mm, and a tear strength of 90 N.
[0023]
Comparative Example 2
A mulching material made of a black film (Sekisui Film Co., Ltd., thickness 0.02 mm, width 135 cm) was used as Comparative Example 2. The film had a light shielding rate of 99% and was not breathable.
[0024]
At the taro farm in Yokkaichi City, Mie Prefecture, stakes (20φ) were placed at 1.5m intervals along the outer circumference of the 30m square taro field, and the materials of Example 1 were attached to the outer circumference of the 30m square taro field. Surrounded with materials.
[0025]
Next, the material of Comparative Example 1 was attached to the taro field (30 m square) about 10 m away from the 30 m square taro field in which the material of Example 1 was stretched, and further Comparative Example 1 In the same manner as in Example 1, the material of Comparative Example 2 was attached to a taro field (30 m square) about 10 m away from the taro field where the material of No. 1 was placed. Installation was performed at the beginning of September 2002, and when the invasion state of the animals was observed for one month from this, the area using Comparative Example 1 showed signs of intrusion of moths at night. And in the area of Comparative Example 2, there was no evidence of intrusion and no crop damage. However, in Comparative Example 2, the mounting portion was damaged due to flapping by wind.
[0026]
Further, in the beginning of July 2002, the material of Example 1 having a material width of 100 cm was attached to the rice field where rice was being grown, and the periphery of the rice field was stretched. From the above attachment, the invasion state of the animals was observed until the harvest at the end of August, but there was no food damage caused by wild animals.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
If a material made of a fabric having a light shielding rate of 60% or more and an L value of 40 or less as in the present invention is stretched around an area where wild animals want to prevent food damage, even if the wild animals approach in the middle of the night, Can hesitate to go dark and prevent intrusion.

Claims (2)

野生動物の侵入を防止する区域の周囲に、遮光率が60%以上、L値が40以下である布帛からなる野生動物侵入防止用資材を張り巡らすことを特徴とする野生動物侵入防止方法。  A wild animal intrusion prevention method characterized by spreading a wild animal intrusion prevention material made of a cloth having a light shielding rate of 60% or more and an L value of 40 or less around an area where wild animal invasion is prevented. 布帛が黒色原着スパンボンド不織布である請求項1記載の野生動物侵入防止方法The wild animal invasion prevention method according to claim 1, wherein the fabric is a black original spunbond nonwoven fabric.
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