JP3939261B2

JP3939261B2 - Railway vehicle low floor structure and railway vehicle structure

Info

Publication number: JP3939261B2
Application number: JP2003065648A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 朝岐藤澤; 宏次谷口; 茂広長島; 健一小山; 昌司西垣
Original assignee: Tokyu Car Corp
Current assignee: Tokyu Car Corp
Priority date: 2003-03-11
Filing date: 2003-03-11
Publication date: 2007-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2023-03-11
Also published as: JP2004268851A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、車体床面が台枠よりも低く配置され、軽量で重心が低い構造を有する鉄道車両の低床構体及び鉄道車両の構体構造に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の鉄道車両の構体構造の中には、二階建鉄道車両として用いられるものがある。このような鉄道車両の構体構造として、従来、前後の台車間に車体床面を一段低く落とし込んで客室の床面とするため、車体床面を支える床板部と、床板部の左右両側で互いに拡開する一対の側板部と、前後に連設される妻板部とを一体に形成した函体を前後の台車間に配設し、その函体の上部を台枠に接合した構造を有するものがあった（例えば、特許文献１参照。）。
【０００３】
【特許文献１】
特公平６−７６０６０号公報（第１頁）
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、上記従来の構体構造は、函体が車体外板として用いられる鋼材よりも厚肉の鋼材（厚さ９ｍｍ）からなる五面体であるため、重量が重く、その自重により側板部が変形しやすいという欠点がある。また、側板部と妻板部とが床板部から起立しているので、函体の重心位置が床板部から離れた高い位置になる。このように重量が重く、重心位置が高い函体を配設すると、鉄道車両は曲線通過速度を保持することが難くなる。
また、上記従来の構体構造は、一体化した函体により強度を保つようになっているから、床板部、一対の側板部及び妻板部の五面一対化構造を余儀なくされ、それ以外の構造を採用する自由度が低いという欠点もある。
そこで、本発明は上記課題を解決し、軽量でしかも重心が低い構造を有し、鉄道車両（特に、二階建鉄道車両）の設計自由度を高めることが可能な鉄道車両の低床構体及び鉄道車両の構体構造を提供することを目的とする。
【０００５】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するため、本発明は、二階建鉄道車両の台枠下の前後の台車間に配設されて一階客室の下部を構成する鉄道車両の低床構体であって、台枠の前後の台車側部分を構成する左右の前側梁および後側梁に前後の両端部が接合される薄板鋼材製の二本の側梁と、一階客室の床部分を構成する底部に左右の側部および前後の妻部が一体に設けられた厚板鋼材製の底板体と、底板体の左右の側部に下端部が固定され、二本の側梁に上端部が固定される薄板鋼板製の複数の側縦骨と、底板体の前後の妻部と二本の側梁との間を塞ぐ薄板鋼板製の妻板とを有し、底板体は、その左右の側部および前後の妻部の上端位置が一階客室に設けられる腰掛の座面よりも低い位置に設定されており、複数の側縦骨は、側梁の長手方向に所定間隔を開けて配列され、各側縦骨の外面には、前記二階建鉄道車両の側構体を構成する側外板が接合されることを特徴とする。
この鉄道車両の低床構体は、最上部の二本の側梁が薄板鋼材製であり、中間部の左右の複数の側縦骨および前後の妻板が薄板鋼板製であって、最下部の底板体だけが厚板鋼材で形成されており、しかも複数の側縦骨の相互間には複数の開口部が形成されているため、総重量が軽くなる。また、厚板鋼材からなる最下部の底板体は、その左右の側部および前後の妻部の上端位置が一階客室に設けられる腰掛の座面よりも低い位置に設定されているため、重心が低くなる。
【０００６】
上記鉄道車両の低床構体は、上記底板体を構成する厚板鋼材を厚さ９ｍｍに設定することができる。
また、いずれの鉄道車両の低床構体も各側梁が断面コの字型の鋼材からなり、かつその開口面が互いに対向していることが好ましい。
この場合、側梁の背面を側構体の接合面にすることができる。
また、この発明は、前後の台車間に鉄道車両の低床構体を配設して車体床面を落し込んだ構造を有する鉄道車両の構体構造であって、鉄道車両の低床構体が、底部の各辺に一対の側部および妻部を設けた厚板鋼材製の底板体と、底板体の各側部に所定間隔をとって固定された薄板鋼材製の複数の側縦骨と、底部の長手辺に沿って各側縦骨に固定され、かつ台枠の各台車側部分を構成する前側梁および後側梁に接合可能な薄板鋼材製の二本の側梁とを有して構成され、各側梁を、前側梁および後側梁に接合して側梁接合構造を設けた鉄道車両の構体構造を提供する。
【０００７】
鉄道車両の構体構造は、上記低床構体の最下部の底板体だけが厚板鋼材で形成されているので、重量が軽く、重心が低い。また、側部と、隣接する側縦骨および側梁との間に開口部が形成されている。側梁接合構造を設けたことにより、台枠にかかる荷重を分散させて鉄道車両の低床構体を配設することができる。
また、上記鉄道車両の構体構造は、底板体を構成する厚板鋼材が厚さ９ｍｍに設定することができる。
上記いずれの鉄道車両の構体構造も、鉄道車両の低床構体の各側梁が断面コの字型の鋼材からなり、かつその開口面が互いに対向していることが好ましい。
この場合、側梁の背面を側構体の接合面にすることができる。
【０００８】
この鉄道車両の構体構造の場合、各側梁を、前側梁および後側梁の上側または下側に配置して、側梁接合構造を設けるとよい。こうすると、各側梁、前側梁および後側梁の背面が側構体の接合面となり、その接合面を広く確保することができる。
さらに、上記いずれの鉄道車両の構体構造においても、底板体の各側部は、底部の付け根部分から上端部分までの高さを、その上端部分が、鉄道車両の低床構体に設けられる一階客室内の腰掛の座面よりも下側に位置するようにして設定していることが好ましい。この場合、側部の高さを、底板体の強度を許容範囲内に保持可能な必要最小限の値に設定することができる。
【０００９】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図面を参照しながら本発明による鉄道車両の低床構体及び鉄道車両の構体構造の好適な実施の形態について詳細に説明する。なお、図面の説明において同一又は相当要素には同一の符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。
図１は本実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の低床構体を有する鉄道車両の側面図、図２はその断面図、図３はその斜め後方からみた一部省略した斜視図、図４は斜め前方上側からみた斜視図、図５は斜め前方下側からみた斜視図である。
本実施形態に係る鉄道車両１は二階建鉄道車両であって、前後の台車１０，１５の間に、一階の客室部分を構成する鉄道車両の低床構体（以下「低床構体」という）２０を配設した構成を有し、その低床構体２０内に一階客室５０が設けられ、その上に二階客室５１が設けられている。
【００１０】
この低床構体２０は、図６に示すように、車体の外板として一般に用いられる鋼材（厚さが１．２ｍｍ〜１．６ｍｍ程度）よりもかなり板厚の厚い鋼材（以下「厚板鋼材」という。本実施の形態では厚さを９ｍｍとしている）からなる底板体３０と、複数本の側縦骨４４と、側縦骨４４に固定された２本の側梁４５，４６とを有している。なお、本願発明において、「鋼材」とは、炭素だけを含む普通鋼からなる鋼材と、その他の元素をも含むステンレス鋼などの特殊鋼からなる鋼材の双方を含んでいる。以下の説明ではステンレス鋼材（ＳＵＳ板）を想定している。また、厚板鋼材よりも厚さの薄い鋼材（厚板鋼材の１０％〜５０％程度の厚さを有する鋼材）を「薄板鋼材」という。
底板体３０は、上面に床板を張り付け可能であり、車両の前後方向に長い矩形板状の底部３１と、その長手辺に沿って設けた一対の側部３２，３２と、短手辺に沿って設けた一対の妻部３３，３３とを有し、底部３１、側部３２，３２および妻部３３，３３が一体的に形成された五面一体化構造を有している。
【００１１】
底部３１はその長手辺に沿って側部３２，３２が形成され、短手辺に沿って妻部３３が形成されており、図２に示すようにその中央の通路部３１ａの両側に、通路部３１ａよりも上側に突出した座席部３１ｂ，３１ｃが設けられている。その通路部３１ａには、補強リブ３１ｄを有する中梁が長手方向に沿って二本平行に設けられ、座席部３１ｂ，３１ｃには短手方向の補強リブ３１ｅ（横梁）が所定間隔で複数本設けられている。また、座席部３１ｂ，３１ｃには、それぞれ腰掛５２が所定間隔で長手方向に沿って複数個設置できるようになっている（図２は、一階客室５０、二階客室５１とも腰掛５２を一対づつ配置した状態を示している）。
【００１２】
側部３２，３２は上方に向かい互いに漸次拡開して形成され、妻部３３，３３は側部３２と同じ高さで形成されている。
この側部３２，３２は、底部３１の付け根部分から上側端部までの高さｈが所定の値に設定されるが、底板体３０を重量が軽くて長手方向に変形し難い構造とするには高さｈをできるだけ小さい値に設定する方がよい。しかしながら、高さｈをある程度の大きさの値に設定しないと底板体３０の強度を著しく低下させるおそれもある。そのため、側部３２，３２の高さｈは底板体３０の強度を許容範囲内に保持可能な必要最小限の値に設定されている。本実施の形態の場合、高さｈは底板体３０を用いて一階客室５０を設け、その上に二階客室５１を設けたときに、側部３２，３２の上端部が、その一階客室５０内に設置される腰掛５２の座面５２ａよりも所定間隔ｄだけ下側に位置するような値に設定されている。
【００１３】
側縦骨４４は薄板鋼材のうち、厚板鋼材の３０％〜５０％の範囲に含まれる厚さを有する鋼材（以下「中厚鋼材」という）を用いた所定の高さ（長さ）および幅を有する板状の部材である。この側縦骨４４は厚さが４．５ｍｍ以下の鋼板からなっている。また、側縦骨４４は、側部３２，３２の上端部に、隣接するもの同士の間が後述する開口部４８となるように所定間隔を設け、その幅方向に平行な側面４４ａが外側を向くように配置して、溶接等により固定されている。
【００１４】
側縦骨４４は図７にも示すように、複数個固定されているが、その幅ｗ１、設置本数および配置間隔ｗ２は適宜変更することができる。例えば図８（ａ）に示すように、幅ｗ１を広げて太くする一方、設置本数は減らし、配置間隔ｗ２を狭めることができる。また、同図（ｂ）に示すように、幅ｗ１を狭めて細くする一方、設置本数は増やし、配置間隔ｗ２を狭めることができる。この側縦骨４４の幅ｗ１、設置本数および配置間隔ｗ２は鉄道車両１に要求される強度や、重量等を考慮して適宜設定すればよい。
【００１５】
側縦骨４４は、板状にして形成すると、その側面を後述する側構体６１との接合面にすることができるが、棒状にして形成してもよい（図示せず）。
側梁４５，４６は、厚さ４．５ｍｍの薄板鋼材（中厚鋼材）を用い断面コの字型に形成した直線上の鋼材（Ｃ型チャネル）である。側梁４５，４６は、いずれも底部３１の長手方向の長さよりも適宜長い長さに設定され、それぞれの両端部は後述する前側梁１１、後側梁１６に溶接等して固定するための接合部４５ａ，４６ａとなっている。この側梁４５，４６は側縦骨４４に、底部３１の長手辺に沿って互いに平行になり、開口面４５ｂ，４６ｂが互いに対向し、かつその背面４５ｃ，４６ｃが外側を向くように配置して、溶接等により固定されている。また、この側梁４５，４６と、隣接する側縦骨４４および側部３２の間に開口部４８が複数形成されている。
【００１６】
また、側梁４５，４６は台枠２の前後の台車１０，１５側部分をそれぞれ構成する前側梁１１、後側梁１６に、接合可能な構成を有していればよく、そのような構成の接合部４５ａ，４６ａと、後述する前側梁１１、後側梁１６とにより、溶接等による側梁接合構造を形成している。鉄道車両１はこの側梁接合構造を設けたことにより、台枠２にかかる荷重を分散させて低床構体２０が配設されている。
この側梁接合構造は側梁４５（４６）と、前側梁１１および後側梁１６とが、接合部４５ａ（４６ａ）が、前側梁１１および後側梁１６に下側から接合される上下二段の側梁接合構造になっている。
【００１７】
上下二段の側梁接合構造は図９に示すように、接合部４５ａ（４６ａ）を前側梁１１および後側梁１６の上側に配置したものでもよい。いずれも、各側梁の開口部と背面の向きが同じであるため、図１０に示すように双方の側梁４５（４６）、前側梁１１（後側梁１６）の背面４５ｃ，１１ｃが後述する側構体６１の接合面となり、その接合面を広く確保することができる。こうなると側構体６１をより確実に接合することができるようになる。特に、後者の側梁接合構造の場合は低床構体２０が台枠２によって吊り下げられた状態で支持されて配設される格好になるから、低床構体２０がより安定して配設されることとなる。（図１０では後側梁１６の図示を省略している）。
さらに、側梁接合構造は、接合部４５ａ（４６ａ）を前側梁１１および後側梁１６の左右いずれかの側に併設して水平に接合する水平の側梁接合構造にしてもよいし、双方の端面同士を突き合わせて接合してもよい。
【００１８】
上下または水平いずれの側梁接合構造でも、側梁４５，４６の長さを延長して（最大で車両全長にわたる長さ）接合部４５ａ（４６ａ）の長さを長く設定し、その分、側梁接合構造に関与する部分を広くとるとよい。こうすれば、低床構体２０がより安定して配設され、鉄道車両１の強度を高めることができる。
その他、側梁接合構造を設ける場合、図１１に示すように、嵌込み部４９ａ、４９ｂを有する変形Ｓ字状の連結金具４９，４９を用いてもよい。この場合は、連結金具４９の両側から、側梁４５（４６）と、前側梁１１（後側梁１６）を嵌込んで各側梁を段違い状に組み合わせて接合することができる。
【００１９】
そして、低床構体２０は図７に示すように、二本の側梁４５，４６の接合部４５ａ，４６ａが、台枠２の前側梁１１、後側梁１６に、溶接、ボルト止め等により接合され、上述の側梁接合構造を設けることによって配設されている（図７では後側梁１６の図示を省略している）。さらに、妻部３３と、側梁４５，４６との間をふさぐため、薄板鋼材からなる妻板３４を妻部３３に接合一体化している。また、側外板６０を含む側構体６１が、台枠２および低床構体２０に対して溶接（例えば、インダイレクトスポット溶接）により接合一体化され、これによって鉄道車両１が構成されている（図７の斜線部分が側外板６０を示している）。
【００２０】
この側外板６０は車体の外板として一般的に用いられる薄板鋼材（厚さ約１．２から１．６ｍｍ）からなるもので、低床構体２０の側部３２の上側部分よりも上側（ドア開口部、窓部を除く）部分をカバーし、開口部４８をふさぐようにして接合されている。この場合、側構体６１は低床構体２０に対しては、少なくとも、側梁４５，４６の背面４５ｃ，４６ｃと、側部３２に対し溶接等して接合され、好ましくは各側縦骨４４の側面４４ａにも溶接等して接合されている。
【００２１】
ところで、従来の鉄道車両の構体構造は、図１３、図１４に示すように、前後の台車１０，１５の間に函体１００を配設した構成を有するが、その函体１００は床板部１０１、側板部１０２及び妻部１０３の全体が厚板鋼板で一体的に形成され、側板部１０２及び妻部１０３の高さが高くなっている（側板部１０２の上端部は腰掛１５２の座面１５２ａよりも高い位置に設定されている）。そのため、函体１００は全体的に重量が重く、変形もしやすい欠点を持っている。しかも、厚板鋼板で一体的に形成して、強度を保つようになっているからこれ以外の構成を採用することが難しく、設計自由度が低い。
【００２２】
これに対して、本発明による鉄道車両１は上述のように、低床構体２０を配設して構成されている。その低床構体２０は、厚板鋼材からなる底板体３０に所定間隔で配設された側縦骨４４を介して側梁４５，４６を固定し、その側梁４５，４６と、前側梁１１、後側梁１６とによって側梁接合構造を構成している。この低床構体２０は最下部の底板体３０のみが厚板鋼材からなり、その他は薄板鋼材からなるので、重量の大半が底板体３０の近傍に位置し、重心の位置が低い。また、底板体３０のみが厚板鋼材で形成されているから、全体を厚板鋼材で形成した従来の函体１００に比べて重量が軽い。そのため、これを配設した鉄道車両１は軽くて重心が低いから、従来の函体１００とほぼ同等の曲線通過速度を保持しつつ軽量化を実現することができる。
【００２３】
しかも、側部３２，３２に所定間隔を持たせて側縦骨４４を複数本固定し、各側縦骨４４に側梁４５，４６を固定したことにより、複数の開口部４８が形成されているから、さらに重量が軽く（従来の函体１００に比べて、１０〜１５％程度軽量化可能）なっている。
このように、軽量化されたことによって、本発明では次のような効果も得られる。
一般に、鉄道車両は車両重量の左右のバランスを確保することが重要視されている。しかしながら、搭載される機器類の配置の関係で、車両重量の左右のバランスがうまく確保されない場合がある。そのような場合はバランス確保のため、おもりとなる部材を搭載し、それを補正重量（カウンターウェイト）としているが、特に二階建鉄道車両の場合は元々の重量が重くなっているため、そのような補正重量を搭載できない場合もある。しかし、本願発明では鉄道車両を軽量化できるので、その軽量化された重量を補正重量の搭載にまわすことも可能である。また、別の電気機器や車内設備等の搭載にまわすことも可能である。
【００２４】
低床構体２０は、底板体３０に側縦骨４４を介して２本の側梁４５，４６を固定して構成されており、その側縦骨４４の配置位置や本数等を適宜変更することができるので、その分、設計自由度の高い構成になっている。
また、従来の鉄道車両のように、函体１００を台枠に接合する構造では、車両側面の下側部分に開口部を設けることはできないが、低床構体２０のように、側梁４５，４６を側縦骨４４に接合する構造の場合は、一階客室５０の部分に開口部４８を設けることができる。そのため、低床構体２０を前後の台車１０，１５の間に配設して鉄道車両１とするにあたり、側外板６０を溶接して固定する前において、開口部４８を内部の機器類のための作業口および点検口や、機器類を搬出入する際の通路として活用することができ、鉄道車両１を製造および点検する際の利便性を向上させることができる。
【００２５】
さらに、鉄道車両１は台枠２を前後の台車側部分と、底板体３０とに分けてそれぞれをブロック単位に（個別に）製造し、それらを組み立てて製造することもできるからそれぞれを精度良く製造でき、組み立て作業における調整作業を軽減することができる。
従来の函体１００を台枠に接合する構造では、溶接により接合する場合はもっぱら栓溶接による手作業主体の溶接に頼らざるを得ないが、鉄道車両１では、側構体６１との接合をインダイレクトスポット溶接等による機械作業主体の溶接により接合することができる。これにより、組み立て作業の機械化が可能となり、作業効率を向上させることができる。
【００２６】
また、上述した鉄道車両１は、低床構体２０の配設により確保される床下の空間を客室とせずに、システム機器等の保護の必要な電気機器一般の収納スペースとすることもできる。この場合、その空間は、低床構体２０および側外板６０により囲まれているため、電気機器を安全に収納する上で有意義である。
上述した鉄道車両１は、妻板３４を妻部３３に接合一体化したものを例にとって説明している。しかし、鉄道車両１は、図１２に示すように、妻板３４の代わりに着脱自在な妻板３５を設け、この妻板３５をボルトｂにより、妻部３３に着脱自在にしてもよい。こうすると、必要に応じて妻板３５を妻部３３から取り外すことができるから、低床構体２０の配設後において、機器搬入や調整および点検等何らかの作業をするのに好都合である。
【００２７】
なお、上述した実施の形態では、本発明を二階建鉄道車両に適用した場合を例にとって説明したが、二階建てではない通常の鉄道車両においても、本発明により、床面を低くして天井を高く、車内を広くすることができ、しかも、車両重量の軽い低重心構造の鉄道車両が得られる。通常の鉄道車両で天井を高くしようとすると、車両高を上げ上方の空間を広げることになるため重心位置が高くなるおそれがあるが、本発明ではそのような不都合を生じることがない。
【００２８】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳細に説明したように、本発明によれば、鉄道車両、特に二階建鉄道車両の重量を軽量化して重心を低くすることができ、設計自由度を高めることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の低床構体を有する鉄道車両の側面図である。
【図２】実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の低床構体を有する鉄道車両の断面図である。
【図３】実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の低床構体を有する鉄道車両の斜め後方からみた一部省略した斜視図である。
【図４】実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の低床構体を有する鉄道車両の斜め前方上側からみた斜視図である。
【図５】実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の低床構体を有する鉄道車両の斜め前方下側からみた斜視図である。
【図６】実施の形態に係る低床構体の斜視図である。
【図７】実施の形態に係る鉄道車両の一部省略した側面図である。
【図８】別の低床構体の側面図で、（ａ）は幅が広い側縦骨を設けた場合、（ｂ）は幅が狭い側縦骨を設けた場合である。
【図９】実施の形態に係る図７とは別の鉄道車両の一部省略した側面図である。
【図１０】上下二段の側梁接合構造を構成する側梁および前側梁を示す一部省略した斜視図である。
【図１１】別の側梁接合構造を構成する台枠、側梁および連結金具を示す分解斜視図である。
【図１２】着脱自在な妻板を設けた妻部と底部の一部を示す断面図である。
【図１３】従来の鉄道車両の構体構造を有する鉄道車両の側面図である。
【図１４】同じく、断面図である。
【符号の説明】
１…鉄道車両、２…台枠、１０、１５…台車
１１…前側梁、１６…後側梁、２０…低床構体
３０…底板体、３１…底部、３２…側部
３３…妻部、３４…妻外板、４４…側縦骨
４５、４６…側梁、４８…開口部
４５ｂ，４６ｂ…開口面、５０…一階客室、
５１…二階客室、５２…腰掛、５２ａ…座面
６０…側外板、６１…側構体[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a low-floor structure of a railway vehicle and a structure of a railway vehicle having a structure in which a vehicle body floor surface is disposed lower than a underframe, is lightweight, and has a low center of gravity.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Some structure structures of conventional railway vehicles are used as two-story railway vehicles. Conventionally, as a structure structure of such a railway vehicle, the floor of the vehicle body is dropped one step lower between the front and rear carriages to form the floor of the cabin, so that the floor plate supporting the vehicle body floor and the left and right sides of the floor plate are mutually expanded. A box having a structure in which a pair of side plate portions to be opened and a front plate portion continuously provided in the front and rear are integrally formed between the front and rear carriages, and the upper portion of the box is joined to the frame. (For example, see Patent Document 1).
[0003]
[Patent Document 1]
Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 6-76060 (first page)
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above conventional structure, the box is a pentahedron made of a steel material (thickness 9 mm) thicker than the steel material used as the outer plate of the vehicle body. Therefore, the weight is heavy and the side plate portion is deformed by its own weight. There is a drawback that it is easy. Further, since the side plate portion and the end plate portion stand from the floor plate portion, the center of gravity of the box becomes a high position away from the floor plate portion. If a box having such a heavy weight and a high center of gravity is disposed, it becomes difficult for the railway vehicle to maintain a curve passing speed.
In addition, since the above conventional structure structure is designed to maintain strength by an integrated box, a five-sided paired structure of a floor plate portion, a pair of side plate portions, and a end plate portion is forced, and other structures are used. There is also a drawback that the degree of freedom to adopt is low.
Therefore, the present invention solves the above problems, has a structure that is lightweight and has a low center of gravity, and can improve the design flexibility of a railway vehicle (particularly, a two-story railway vehicle) and a low-floor structure of a railway vehicle and a railway. An object of the present invention is to provide a vehicle structure.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a low-floor structure of a railway vehicle that is disposed between front and rear carriages under a carriage of a two-story railway vehicle and constitutes a lower part of a guest room on the first floor . Two side beams made of sheet steel that join the front and rear beams on the left and right front and rear beams that make up the front and rear carriage side parts, and the left and right sides at the bottom that make up the floor part of the guest room on the first floor The bottom plate made of thick steel plate with the front and front and back wives integrally formed, and the bottom plate made of thin steel plate with the lower end fixed to the left and right sides of the bottom plate and the upper end fixed to the two side beams A plurality of side longitudinal bones, and a thin plate steel plate closing a gap between the front and rear end portions of the bottom plate body and the two side beams, and the bottom plate body includes left and right side portions and front and rear end portions of the bottom plate body. Is set at a position lower than the seat surface of the seat provided in the first floor cabin, and the plurality of side longitudinal bones are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the side beams. Are columns, the outer surface of each side vertical bone, characterized in that the side outside plate constituting the side structure of the two-story railway car are joined.
In the low floor structure of this railway vehicle, the uppermost two side beams are made of thin steel plate, the left and right side longitudinal bones in the middle part and the front and rear end plates are made of thin steel plate, and the lowermost bottom plate Since only the body is made of a thick steel plate and a plurality of openings are formed between the plurality of lateral longitudinal bones, the total weight is reduced. In addition, the bottom plate body at the bottom made of thick steel plate is set at a position where the upper end positions of the left and right side parts and the front and rear wives are lower than the seat surface of the seat provided in the first floor guest room. Becomes lower.
[0006]
In the low floor structure of the railway vehicle, the thick steel plate constituting the bottom plate can be set to a thickness of 9 mm.
Moreover, it is preferable that the low-floor structure of any railway vehicle is such that each side beam is made of a steel material having a U-shaped cross section and the opening surfaces thereof face each other.
In this case, the back surface of the side beam can be used as the joint surface of the side structure.
Further, the present invention provides a structure for a railway vehicle having a structure in which a low floor structure of a railway vehicle is disposed between front and rear trolleys to drop a vehicle body floor surface, and the low floor structure of the railway vehicle has a bottom portion. A base plate made of a thick steel plate provided with a pair of side portions and wives on each side, a plurality of side longitudinal bones made of a thin steel plate fixed to each side portion of the bottom plate body at a predetermined interval, and a bottom portion It is composed of two side beams made of sheet steel material that are fixed to each side longitudinal bone along the longitudinal side of the frame and that can be joined to the front beam and the rear beam that constitute each carriage side portion of the underframe. Thus, a structure for a railway vehicle is provided in which each side beam is joined to a front beam and a rear beam to provide a side beam joint structure.
[0007]
The structure of the railway vehicle has a light weight and a low center of gravity since only the bottom plate of the lower floor structure is made of thick steel. Moreover, the opening part is formed between the side part and the adjacent side longitudinal bone and side beam. By providing the side beam joint structure, it is possible to disperse the load applied to the underframe and arrange the low floor structure of the railway vehicle.
Moreover, the structure structure of the said railway vehicle can set the thickness steel material which comprises a baseplate body to 9 mm in thickness.
In any of the above-described structures of a railway vehicle, it is preferable that each side beam of the low-floor structure of the railway vehicle is made of a steel material having a U-shaped cross section and the opening surfaces thereof face each other.
In this case, the back surface of the side beam can be used as the joint surface of the side structure.
[0008]
In the case of this railway vehicle structure, each side beam may be arranged on the upper side or the lower side of the front beam and the rear beam to provide a side beam joint structure. If it carries out like this, the back surface of each side beam, a front side beam, and a rear side beam will become a joint surface of a side structure, and the joint surface can be ensured widely.
Further, in any of the above-described structures of the railway vehicle, each side portion of the bottom plate body has a height from the base portion of the bottom portion to the upper end portion, and the upper end portion is provided on the lower floor structure of the railway vehicle. It is preferable to set so that it is located below the seat surface of the seat in the cabin. In this case, the height of the side portion can be set to a minimum necessary value that can maintain the strength of the bottom plate within an allowable range.
[0009]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a railcar low floor structure and a railcar structure according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same or equivalent elements will be denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description will be omitted.
FIG. 1 is a side view of a railway vehicle having a low-floor structure for a railway vehicle according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view thereof, FIG. 3 is a perspective view partially omitted from the oblique rear side, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a perspective view seen from the lower front side, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view seen from the upper side.
The railway vehicle 1 according to the present embodiment is a two-story railway vehicle, and a low-floor structure (hereinafter referred to as a “low-floor structure”) of a railway vehicle that constitutes a guest room portion on the first floor between front and rear carriages 10 and 15. The first floor guest room 50 is provided in the low floor structure 20 and the second floor guest room 51 is provided thereon.
[0010]
As shown in FIG. 6, this low floor structure 20 is a steel material (hereinafter referred to as “thick steel plate material”) that is considerably thicker than a steel material (thickness of about 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm) generally used as an outer plate of a vehicle body. The thickness of the bottom plate body 30 is 9 mm in this embodiment, a plurality of side longitudinal bones 44, and two side beams 45 and 46 fixed to the side longitudinal bones 44. is doing. In the present invention, the “steel material” includes both a steel material made of ordinary steel containing only carbon and a steel material made of special steel such as stainless steel also containing other elements. In the following description, a stainless steel material (SUS plate) is assumed. Further, a steel material that is thinner than a thick steel plate (a steel material having a thickness of about 10% to 50% of the thick steel plate) is referred to as a “thin steel plate”.
The bottom plate 30 can have a floor plate attached to the upper surface, a rectangular plate-like bottom portion 31 that is long in the front-rear direction of the vehicle, a pair of side portions 32 and 32 provided along the long side, and a short side. And has a five-sided integrated structure in which the bottom part 31, side parts 32, 32 and the wife parts 33, 33 are integrally formed.
[0011]
The bottom portion 31 is formed with side portions 32 and 32 along the long side thereof, and a wife portion 33 is formed along the short side thereof. As shown in FIG. 2, a passage is formed on both sides of the central passage portion 31a. Seat portions 31b and 31c projecting upward from the portion 31a are provided. In the passage portion 31a, two intermediate beams having reinforcing ribs 31d are provided in parallel along the longitudinal direction, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 31e (lateral beams) in the short direction are provided at predetermined intervals on the seat portions 31b and 31c. Is provided. Further, a plurality of seats 52 can be installed along the longitudinal direction at predetermined intervals on the seat portions 31b and 31c (FIG. 2 shows a pair of seats 52 for the first floor guest room 50 and the second floor guest room 51. Shows the deployed state).
[0012]
The side portions 32 and 32 are formed so as to gradually expand toward each other, and the end portions 33 and 33 are formed at the same height as the side portion 32.
The side portions 32, 32 have a height h from the base portion of the bottom portion 31 to the upper end portion set to a predetermined value, but the bottom plate 30 has a light weight and is difficult to deform in the longitudinal direction. It is better to set the height h as small as possible. However, unless the height h is set to a certain value, the strength of the bottom plate 30 may be significantly reduced. Therefore, the height h of the side portions 32 and 32 is set to a minimum necessary value that can maintain the strength of the bottom plate body 30 within an allowable range. In the case of the present embodiment, when the first floor guest room 50 is provided by using the bottom plate body 30 and the second floor guest room 51 is provided thereon, the height h is the first floor guest room. It is set to a value that is positioned below the seating surface 52a of the seat 52 installed in 50 by a predetermined distance d.
[0013]
The lateral longitudinal bone 44 has a predetermined height (length) using a steel material (hereinafter referred to as “medium-thick steel material”) having a thickness included in a range of 30% to 50% of the thick steel plate material among the thin steel plates. It is a plate-shaped member having a width. The lateral longitudinal bone 44 is made of a steel plate having a thickness of 4.5 mm or less. Further, the lateral longitudinal bone 44 is provided with a predetermined interval at the upper end portions of the side portions 32, 32 so that an opening 48 which will be described later is formed between adjacent ones, and a side surface 44a parallel to the width direction has an outer side. Arranged to face and fixed by welding or the like.
[0014]
As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of the lateral longitudinal bones 44 are fixed, but the width w1, the number of installations, and the arrangement interval w2 can be appropriately changed. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the width w1 can be widened and widened, while the number of installations can be reduced and the arrangement interval w2 can be narrowed. Further, as shown in FIG. 5B, while the width w1 is narrowed and narrowed, the number of installations can be increased and the arrangement interval w2 can be narrowed. The width w1, the number of installations, and the arrangement interval w2 of the side longitudinal bones 44 may be appropriately set in consideration of the strength, weight, etc. required for the railway vehicle 1.
[0015]
If the side longitudinal bone 44 is formed in a plate shape, its side surface can be used as a joint surface with a side structure 61 described later, but it may be formed in a rod shape (not shown).
The side beams 45 and 46 are straight steel materials (C-type channels) formed in a U-shaped cross section using a thin steel material (medium steel material) having a thickness of 4.5 mm. The side beams 45 and 46 are each set to a length that is appropriately longer than the length of the bottom portion 31 in the longitudinal direction, and both end portions thereof are fixed to the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16 described later by welding or the like. It becomes junction part 45a, 46a. The side beams 45 and 46 are arranged on the side longitudinal bone 44 so as to be parallel to each other along the longitudinal side of the bottom portion 31 so that the opening surfaces 45b and 46b face each other and the back surfaces 45c and 46c face outward. And fixed by welding or the like. A plurality of openings 48 are formed between the side beams 45 and 46 and the adjacent side longitudinal bones 44 and side portions 32.
[0016]
Further, the side beams 45 and 46 only need to have a structure that can be joined to the front side beam 11 and the rear side beam 16 constituting the side parts of the carriages 10 and 15 before and after the frame 2, respectively. The joint portions 45a and 46a, and the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16 described later form a side beam joint structure by welding or the like. Since the railcar 1 is provided with this side beam joint structure, the low floor structure 20 is disposed by dispersing the load applied to the underframe 2.
In this side beam joint structure, the side beam 45 (46), the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16, and the joint portion 45a (46a) are joined to the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16 from below. It has a stepped side beam joint structure.
[0017]
As shown in FIG. 9, the upper and lower two-stage side beam joint structure may have a joint 45 a (46 a) arranged above the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16. In both cases, since the direction of the opening and the back of each side beam is the same, both side beams 45 (46) and the back surfaces 45c and 11c of the front beam 11 (rear beam 16) will be described later as shown in FIG. It becomes a joining surface of the side structure 61 to perform, and the joining surface can be ensured widely. As a result, the side structure 61 can be more reliably joined. In particular, in the case of the latter side beam joint structure, since the low floor structure 20 is supported and disposed in a state of being suspended by the underframe 2, the low floor structure 20 is disposed more stably. The Rukoto. (The rear beam 16 is not shown in FIG. 10).
Further, the side beam joint structure may be a horizontal side beam joint structure in which the joint portions 45a (46a) are provided side by side on either the left or right side of the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16 and are joined horizontally. These end faces may be butted together and joined.
[0018]
In either the vertical or horizontal side beam joint structure, the length of the side beams 45 and 46 is extended (the maximum length over the entire length of the vehicle) to increase the length of the joint 45a (46a). It is advisable to take a wide part related to the beam joint structure. If it carries out like this, the low floor structure 20 will be arrange | positioned more stably and the intensity | strength of the rail vehicle 1 can be raised.
In addition, when providing a side beam joining structure, as shown in FIG. 11, you may use the deformation | transformation S-shaped connection metal fittings 49 and 49 which have fitting part 49a, 49b. In this case, the side beams 45 (46) and the front side beams 11 (rear side beams 16) can be fitted from both sides of the connection fitting 49, and the side beams can be combined in a stepped manner and joined.
[0019]
In the low floor structure 20, as shown in FIG. 7, the joint portions 45a and 46a of the two side beams 45 and 46 are welded to the front beam 11 and the rear beam 16 of the frame 2 by welding, bolting or the like. They are joined and provided by providing the above-mentioned side beam joint structure (the rear beam 16 is not shown in FIG. 7). Further, in order to close the gap between the end portion 33 and the side beams 45 and 46, a end plate 34 made of a thin steel plate is joined and integrated with the end portion 33. Further, the side structure 61 including the side outer plate 60 is joined and integrated to the underframe 2 and the low-floor structure 20 by welding (for example, indirect spot welding), whereby the railway vehicle 1 is configured ( The hatched portion in FIG. 7 shows the side outer plate 60).
[0020]
The side outer plate 60 is made of a thin steel plate (thickness: about 1.2 to 1.6 mm) that is generally used as the outer plate of the vehicle body, and is located above the upper portion of the side portion 32 of the low floor structure 20 ( It covers the portion (excluding the door opening and window) and is joined so as to close the opening 48. In this case, the side structure 61 is joined to the low floor structure 20 at least by the back surfaces 45c and 46c of the side beams 45 and 46 by welding or the like to the side portion 32, and preferably the side longitudinal bones 44 are The side surface 44a is also joined by welding or the like.
[0021]
Incidentally, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the conventional structure of a railway vehicle has a structure in which a box 100 is disposed between front and rear carts 10 and 15, and the box 100 has a floor plate portion 101. The entire side plate portion 102 and the end portion 103 are integrally formed of thick steel plates, and the height of the side plate portion 102 and the end portion 103 is increased (the upper end portion of the side plate portion 102 is the seating surface 152a of the seat 152). Is set to a higher position). Therefore, the box 100 has a drawback that it is heavy overall and easily deforms. And since it forms integrally with a thick steel plate and keeps intensity | strength, it is difficult to employ | adopt a structure other than this, and a design freedom is low.
[0022]
On the other hand, the railway vehicle 1 according to the present invention is configured by arranging the low floor structure 20 as described above. The low floor structure 20 fixes the side beams 45 and 46 to the bottom plate 30 made of a thick steel plate via side vertical bones 44 arranged at predetermined intervals, and the side beams 45 and 46 and the front beam 11. The rear beam 16 forms a side beam joint structure. In this low floor structure 20, only the bottom plate 30 at the bottom is made of a thick steel plate and the others are made of a thin plate steel, so that most of the weight is located near the bottom plate 30 and the position of the center of gravity is low. Moreover, since only the bottom plate 30 is made of a thick steel plate, the weight is lighter than that of the conventional box 100 made entirely of a thick plate steel. Therefore, since the railway vehicle 1 provided with this is light and has a low center of gravity, it is possible to reduce the weight while maintaining a curve passing speed substantially equal to that of the conventional box 100.
[0023]
In addition, a plurality of side longitudinal bones 44 are fixed to the side portions 32, 32 with a predetermined interval, and side beams 45, 46 are fixed to the side vertical bones 44, so that a plurality of openings 48 are formed. Therefore, the weight is even lighter (it can be reduced by about 10 to 15% compared to the conventional box 100).
Thus, the following effects are also acquired in this invention by weight reduction.
In general, it is important to ensure the right and left balance of the vehicle weight of a railway vehicle. However, there is a case where the right and left balance of the vehicle weight is not well secured due to the arrangement of the mounted devices. In such a case, in order to ensure balance, a weight member is mounted and used as a correction weight (counterweight). However, in the case of a two-storied railway vehicle, the original weight is heavy. In some cases, it is not possible to mount a correct weight. However, since the railway vehicle can be reduced in weight in the present invention, the reduced weight can be used for mounting the correction weight. It is also possible to use it for mounting other electrical equipment or in-vehicle equipment.
[0024]
The low floor structure 20 is configured by fixing two side beams 45 and 46 to the bottom plate body 30 via the side longitudinal bones 44, and appropriately changing the arrangement position, the number, etc. of the side longitudinal bones 44. Therefore, it has a configuration with a high degree of design freedom.
Further, in the structure in which the box 100 is joined to the underframe as in a conventional railway vehicle, an opening cannot be provided in the lower part of the side surface of the vehicle. However, as in the low floor structure 20, the side beams 45, In the case of a structure in which 46 is joined to the lateral longitudinal bone 44, an opening 48 can be provided in the first floor guest room 50. Therefore, when the low-floor structure 20 is disposed between the front and rear carriages 10 and 15 to form the railway vehicle 1, the opening 48 is used for internal equipment before the side outer plate 60 is welded and fixed. This can be used as a work port and an inspection port, and as a passage when equipment is carried in and out, and convenience in manufacturing and inspecting the railway vehicle 1 can be improved.
[0025]
Furthermore, the railway vehicle 1 can be manufactured by dividing the underframe 2 into front and rear carriage side parts and a bottom plate body 30 in block units (individually), and assembling them to manufacture each with high accuracy. It can be manufactured and adjustment work in assembly work can be reduced.
In the conventional structure in which the box body 100 is joined to the underframe, when joining by welding, it is unavoidable to rely on manual welding mainly by plug welding. It can be joined by welding mainly by machine work such as direct spot welding. Thereby, mechanization of assembly work is possible and work efficiency can be improved.
[0026]
In addition, the railcar 1 described above can be used as a storage space for general electrical equipment that needs to be protected, such as system equipment, without setting the space under the floor secured by the arrangement of the low floor structure 20 as a guest room. In this case, since the space is surrounded by the low-floor structure 20 and the side outer plate 60, it is meaningful in safely storing the electrical equipment.
The railway vehicle 1 described above is described by taking an example in which the end plate 34 is joined and integrated with the end portion 33. However, the railway vehicle 1 may be provided with a detachable wife plate 35 instead of the wife plate 34 as shown in FIG. In this way, the end plate 35 can be removed from the end portion 33 as necessary, which is convenient for carrying out some work such as equipment loading, adjustment, and inspection after the low floor structure 20 is disposed.
[0027]
In the embodiment described above, the case where the present invention is applied to a two-storied railway vehicle has been described as an example. A railway vehicle having a low center-of-gravity structure, which is high, can widen the interior of the vehicle, and has a low vehicle weight. If an attempt is made to raise the ceiling with a normal railway vehicle, the height of the vehicle is increased and the upper space is widened, which may increase the position of the center of gravity. However, the present invention does not cause such inconvenience.
[0028]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, according to the present invention, the weight of a railway vehicle, in particular, a two-storied railway vehicle can be reduced, the center of gravity can be lowered, and the degree of freedom in design can be increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a side view of a railway vehicle having a low floor structure for a railway vehicle according to an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a railway vehicle having a low floor structure of the railway vehicle according to the embodiment.
FIG. 3 is a partially omitted perspective view of a railway vehicle having a low floor structure for a railway vehicle according to an embodiment as viewed obliquely from the rear.
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a railway vehicle having a low-floor structure of the railway vehicle according to the embodiment as viewed obliquely from the upper front side.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the railway vehicle having the low floor structure of the railway vehicle according to the embodiment as viewed obliquely from the lower front side.
FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a low floor structure according to the embodiment.
FIG. 7 is a side view in which a part of the railway vehicle according to the embodiment is omitted.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are side views of another low-floor structure, in which FIG. 8A shows a case in which a wide lateral longitudinal bone is provided, and FIG. 8B shows a case in which a lateral longitudinal bone having a narrow width is provided.
FIG. 9 is a side view in which a part of a railway vehicle different from FIG. 7 according to the embodiment is omitted.
FIG. 10 is a partially omitted perspective view showing a side beam and a front side beam constituting a two-stage side beam joint structure.
FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view showing a base frame, side beams, and connecting metal fittings constituting another side beam joint structure.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of a bottom part and a wife part provided with a detachable wife board.
FIG. 13 is a side view of a railway vehicle having a conventional structure of a railway vehicle.
FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of the same.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Railcar, 2 ... Underframe 10, 15 ... Dolly 11 ... Front side beam, 16 ... Rear side beam, 20 ... Low floor structure 30 ... Bottom plate body, 31 ... Bottom part, 32 ... Side part 33 ... Wife part, 34 ... Wife outer plate, 44 ... Side longitudinal bones 45, 46 ... Side beams, 48 ... Openings 45b and 46b ... Opening surfaces, 50 ... Guest rooms on the first floor,
51 ... Second floor guest room, 52 ... Stool, 52a ... Seating surface 60 ... Side skin, 61 ... Side structure

Claims

A low-floor structure of a railway vehicle that is arranged between the front and rear carriages under the undercarriage of a two-story railway vehicle and constitutes the lower part of the guest room on the first floor ,
Two side beams made of a thin steel plate in which both front and rear ends are joined to the left and right front beams and the rear beams constituting the front and rear carriage side portions of the frame,
A bottom plate body made of thick steel plate, in which left and right side portions and front and rear end portions are integrally provided at the bottom portion constituting the floor portion of the first floor guest room;
A plurality of side longitudinal bones made of a thin steel plate, with a lower end fixed to the left and right sides of the bottom plate body, and an upper end fixed to the two side beams,
Having a wife plate made of a thin steel plate that plugs between the front and rear wives of the bottom plate body and the two side beams,
The bottom plate body is set to a position where the left and right side portions and the upper and lower ends of the front and rear wives are lower than the seat surface of the seat provided in the first floor guest room,
The plurality of side longitudinal bones are arranged at predetermined intervals in the longitudinal direction of the side beams, and a side skin plate constituting a side structure of the two-storied railway vehicle is joined to the outer surface of each side longitudinal bone. A low-floor structure for railway vehicles.

A structure construction of railway vehicles were provided with a low floor structure, which constitutes the lower part of the first floor rooms between the front and rear of the truck under the underframe of a two storey rail vehicle, low according to claim 1 as the low-floor structure A structure of a railway vehicle, comprising a floor structure .