JP3937754B2 - Gear lubricator - Google Patents

Gear lubricator Download PDF

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JP3937754B2
JP3937754B2 JP2001151930A JP2001151930A JP3937754B2 JP 3937754 B2 JP3937754 B2 JP 3937754B2 JP 2001151930 A JP2001151930 A JP 2001151930A JP 2001151930 A JP2001151930 A JP 2001151930A JP 3937754 B2 JP3937754 B2 JP 3937754B2
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lubricating oil
gear
oil supply
supply nozzle
rotational speed
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JP2002340152A (en
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邦彦 森川
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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Nissan Motor Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0456—Lubrication by injection; Injection nozzles or tubes therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/048—Type of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0493—Gearings with spur or bevel gears

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Transmission (AREA)
  • General Details Of Gearings (AREA)

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は歯車の潤滑装置の改良に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来技術】
従来から、歯車の回転が低速のときには歯の噛み込み側から噛合い部に向けて給油したほうが潤滑および冷却効果が高いことや、歯車の回転が高速のときは歯の反噛み込み側から潤滑油を供給することで歯面の冷却をはかれるとともに歯面に付着した油霧である程度潤滑が可能であることが知られている。
【０００３】
このような歯車の潤滑特性を利用した歯車の潤滑装置として、特開平１０−１２２３１０号公報に記載された技術がある。
【０００４】
当該技術は、歯車の反噛み込み側から噛合い部を冷却する潤滑油供給管以外に、歯車の噛み込み側噛合い部や歯車周上に潤滑油を供給する潤滑油供給管を設けており、高速、低速等の如何なる条件下においても、一定量の潤滑油を供給することで、歯車の潤滑および冷却能力を向上させている。
【０００５】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかし、歯車が低速回転の場合には歯車の噛み込み側から潤滑油を供給するだけで十分に潤滑および冷却効果を得ることができるのに対し、従来技術のように反噛み込み側から給油することは、本来不要である潤滑油を供給することになり、ポンプの効率を悪化させるばかりでなく、このように不要な潤滑油までも供給しなければならず、その分ポンプも大きくする必要がある。
【０００６】
一方、歯車が高速回転の場合には、噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給は、歯の頂、背隙に油を閉じ込めるポンプ仕事や、噴射した潤滑油を周速にまで加速する潤滑油加速仕事などの、いわゆる撹拌損失が大きくなり、歯車装置の効率が低下するばかりでなく、発熱量の増加による歯面焼き付き限界の低下などの問題が起きるため好ましくない。
【０００７】
本発明はこれらの問題に鑑み、低速から高速にわたる幅広い運転領域において、潤滑油の攪拌損失を増大させることなく歯車を効率よく潤滑する歯車装置を提供することである。
【０００８】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の請求項１に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、
噛み合った歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルと、
該歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の反噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルと、
少なくとも一方の歯車の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、
該歯車の回転数に応じて前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルと前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルに供給する潤滑油の供給量を調整する供給量調整手段と、
を備えた歯車の潤滑装置において、
前記供給量調整手段は、前記検出された歯車の回転数が上昇するにつれ、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を少なくすると共に前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を多くするよう、また、前記検出された歯車の回転数が低回転域であるとき、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量よりも多くするよう、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルおよび第２潤滑油供給ノズルの潤滑油供給量を調整することを特徴とする。
【０００９】
本発明の請求項２に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、
噛み合った大小の歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルと、
該歯車の反噛み込み側における噛み合いピッチ円接線上から小歯車の中心方向に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルと、
少なくとも一方の歯車の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、該歯車の回転数に応じて前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルと前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルに供給する潤滑油の供給量を調整する供給量調整手段と、
を備えた歯車の潤滑装置において、
前記供給量調整手段は、前記検出された歯車の回転数が上昇するにつれ、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を少なくすると共に前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を多くするよう、また、前記検出された歯車の回転数が低回転域であるとき、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量よりも多くするよう、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルおよび第２潤滑油供給ノズルの潤滑油供給量を調整することを特徴とする。
【００１０】
本発明の請求項３に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、前記供給量調整手段は、前記歯車が所定の回転数になるまでは前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルからのみ潤滑油を供給し、
所定の回転数を超えてからは歯車の回転数が高いほど、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量を少なくし、前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量を多くすることを特徴とする。
【００１１】
本発明の請求項４に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、
歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまでは、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルから供給される潤滑油の流速が歯車の噛み合いピッチ円周速よりも速くなるように、供給油量を設定したことを特徴とする。
【００１２】
本発明の請求項５に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、歯車の回転数が所定の回転数以上のときは、前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルから供給される潤滑油の流速が歯車の噛み合いピッチ円周速よりも速くなるように、供給油量を設定したことを特徴とする。
【００１３】
【発明の効果】
本発明のうち請求項１に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、
歯車の回転数が低回転域であるとき、歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量が、歯車の反噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量よりも多いことから、
当該低回転域において、噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給で歯車の潤滑をしつつ、反噛み込み側からの余分な供給がなくなりポンプ効率の向上およびポンプの小型化を図ることができる。
【００１４】
一方で歯車の回転数が上昇するにつれ、歯車の反噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量は多く、歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量は少なくすることから、
当該回転上昇時に、反噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給で歯車を潤滑および冷却しつつ、噛み込み側に潤滑油を供給することによる歯の頂、背隙に油を閉じ込めるポンプ仕事や、噴射した潤滑油を周速にまで加速する潤滑油加速仕事などの撹拌損失を低減できる。
【００１５】
本発明のうち請求項２に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、
歯車の回転数が低回転域であるとき、歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量が、歯車の反噛み込み側で小歯車の中心方向に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量よりも多いことから、
当該低回転域において、噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給で歯車の潤滑をしつつ、歯車の反噛み込み側での小歯車の中心方向に向けた余分な潤滑油の供給がなくなりポンプ効率の向上およびポンプの小型化を図ることができる。
【００１６】
一方で歯車の回転数が上昇するにつれ、歯車の反噛み込み側で小歯車の中心方向に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量は多く、歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量は少なくすることから、
当該回転上昇時に、歯車の反噛み込み側で小歯車の中心方向に向けて供給される潤滑油で歯車の冷却および潤滑を行いながら、歯車の噛み込み側に潤滑油を供給することによる歯の頂、背隙に油を閉じ込めるポンプ仕事や、噴射した潤滑油を周速にまで加速する潤滑油加速仕事などの撹拌損失を低減できる。
【００１７】
本発明のうち請求項３に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、
歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまでは第１潤滑油供給ノズルからのみ潤滑油を供給し、所定の回転数を超えてからは回転数が高いほど第１潤滑油供給ノズルの供給油量を減じると共に第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの供給量を増加しているので、
歯車の回転数が低いときには第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油のみで歯車の噛合い部を潤滑し、第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油の余分な供給をなくすことにより、ポンプ効率の向上およびポンプの小型化を図ることができる。
【００１８】
一方、歯車の回転数が所定の回転数を超えてからは回転数が高いほど第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油を減量すると共に第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの供給油量を増加することで、
第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの供給油で歯車の冷却および潤滑を行いながら、第１潤滑油供給ノズルから歯車の噛み込み側に潤滑油を供給することによる歯の頂、背隙に油を閉じ込めるポンプ仕事や、噴射した潤滑油を周速にまで加速する潤滑油加速仕事などの撹拌損失を低減できる。
【００１９】
本発明のうち請求項４に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまでは第１潤滑油供給ノズルから供給される潤滑油の流速が歯車の噛合いピッチ円周速よりも速くなるように供給油量を設定したことにより、供給された潤滑油が歯車の歯先で弾き飛ばされることなく歯元まで到達し、歯面全体を効果的に冷却することができる。
【００２０】
本発明のうち請求項５に係る歯車の潤滑装置は、歯車の回転数が前記所定回転数を超えてからは、第２潤滑油供給ノズルから供給される潤滑油の流速が小歯車の噛合いピッチ円周速よりも速くなるように供給油量を設定したことにより、高回転時にも供給された潤滑油が歯車の歯先で弾き飛ばされることなく歯元まで到達し、歯面全体を効果的に冷却することができる。
【００２１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
【００２２】
図１は、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第１実施例であり、以下に説明する。
【００２３】
小歯車１と大歯車２の噛合い部の潤滑のため、噛み込み側と反噛み込み側にそれぞれ第1および第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ａ、９ｂを設ける。
【００２４】
第1および第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ａ、９ｂはそれぞれ噛み合った歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給するように設置される。
【００２５】
また、歯車箱等に設けられた油層３に蓄えられた潤滑油は、オイルポンプ４により吸い上げられ、クーラ５を経て供給量調整手段である流量制御弁６へ送られる。この流量制御弁６により歯車の回転数に応じて第1および第２潤潤滑油供給ノズル９ａ、９ｂへ送られる流量が制御される。
【００２６】
供給される潤滑油量の制御は、コントローラ８によって行われる。
【００２７】
小歯車１の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段７からの信号を読み取り、回転数に応じて流量制御弁６を制御する。
【００２８】
例えば、歯車の回転数を回転数検出手段７で検出し、図６（ａ）に示すように、歯車の噛み込み側である第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａからの潤滑油供給量を歯車の回転数の上昇に応じて減量し、歯車の反噛み込み側である第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂからの潤滑油供給量を歯車の回転数の上昇に応じて増量する。
【００２９】
また、図６（ｂ）に示すように、歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまで、つまり低速運転時には噛み込み側の第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａからのみ潤滑油を供給し、それ以上の回転数では回転数の上昇に応じて第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油の供給量を減じ、反噛み込み側の第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂから潤滑油の供給を開始し、増量するようにコントローラ８により流量制御弁６を制御してもよい。
【００３０】
所定の回転数を超えてからの減量および増量の仕方は、噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給は一定量に減量してもよいが、回転数の上昇に応じて徐々に潤滑油量を減量してもよく、また反噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給は一定量に増量してもよいが、回転数の上昇に応じて徐々に潤滑油量を増量してもよい。
【００３１】
なお、熱負荷が高い場合には歯面温度の効果的な低減のため、低回転時にも反噛み込み側の第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂから補助的に潤滑油を供給し、回転数の上昇に応じて噛み込み側の第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａからの潤滑油供給量を減じて第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂからの潤滑油供給量を増量してもよい。
【００３２】
以上により、歯車が低回転時は、噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給で歯車の潤滑をしつつ、反噛み込み側からの余分な供給がなくなりポンプ効率の向上およびポンプの小型化を図ることができ、
反対に歯車が高回転時は、反噛み込み側からの潤滑油の供給で歯車を潤滑および冷却しつつ、噛み込み側に潤滑油を供給することによる歯の頂、背隙に油を閉じ込めるポンプ仕事や、噴射した潤滑油を周速にまで加速する潤滑油加速仕事などの撹拌損失を低減できる。
【００３３】
図２は、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第２実施例であり、第１実施例と共通する箇所については説明を割愛する。
【００３４】
本第２実施例は第１実施例に対して第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂの向きを小歯車の中心に向けたものである。
【００３５】
そのため、歯車の回転数が高いときでも潤滑油が小歯車歯先面に衝突して弾き飛ばされにくく、供給する潤滑油で有効に小歯車を冷却することができる。
【００３６】
次に図示はしてないが、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第３実施例について説明する。前述の実施例と同様の箇所は説明を割愛する。
【００３７】
本第３実施例は、歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまで、第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａの径ｄa(mm)と供給油量Ｑa(l/min)から次式で決まる潤滑油流速ｖa(m/sec)が、歯車の噛合いピッチ円周速よりも常に速くなるように潤滑油を第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａから供給するようにコントローラ８により流量制御弁６を制御する。
【００３８】
ｖa＝Ｑa×１０3／Ａa／６０ Ａa＝πｄa 2／４
これにより、供給された潤滑油が歯車の歯先まで弾き飛ばされることなく、歯元まで到達し、歯面全体を効果的に冷却できる。
【００３９】
次に図示はしてないが、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第４実施例について説明する。前述の実施例と同様の箇所は説明を割愛する。
【００４０】
本第４実施例は、歯車の回転数が前記所定の回転数から歯車装置の最大回転数までの間、第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂの径ｄb(mm)と供給油量Ｑb(l/min)から次式で決まる潤滑油流速ｖb(m/sec)が、歯車の噛合いピッチ円周速よりも常に速くなるように潤滑油を第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂから供給するようにコントローラ８により流量制御弁６を制御する。
【００４１】
ｖb＝Ｑb×１０3／Ａb／６０ Ａb＝πｄb 2／４
これにより、供給された潤滑油が歯車の歯先まで弾き飛ばされることなく、歯元まで到達し、歯面全体を効果的に冷却できる。
【００４２】
図５は、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の流量制御弁の駆動制御方法を示すフローチャートである。なお、図５においてＳ１、Ｓ２等は各ステップを示している。
【００４３】
図５に示すように、歯車の潤滑装置のコントローラ８は、Ｓ１において回転検出器７により小歯車１の回転数を読み込む。
【００４４】
次いでＳ２においてＳ１で読み込んだ小歯車の回転数より歯車ピッチ円周速の演算を行う。
【００４５】
歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまで、第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａから供給する潤滑油流速が、歯車のＳ２で演算した歯車ピッチ円周速よりも大となるようにコントローラ８により流量制御弁６を制御する。
【００４６】
Ｓ３においてはＳ１で読み込んだ小歯車の回転数が所定値以上か否かを判定し、所定値未満の場合にはＳ４へ進み、所定値以上の場合にはＳ５へと進む。
【００４７】
小歯車の回転数が所定値未満の場合には、潤滑油を噛み込み側から供給することとなり、Ｓ４において必要潤滑油量を演算し、必要最低限の潤滑油を供給するようにＳ７で流量制御弁の駆動電圧を出力し、流量制御弁６を制御する。
【００４８】
小歯車の回転数が所定値以上の場合には、潤滑油を噛み込み側および反噛み込み側から供給することとなり、Ｓ５において反噛み込み側からの必要潤滑油量を、Ｓ６において噛み込み側からの補助潤滑油量を演算して各演算結果により潤滑油を供給するようにＳ７で流量制御弁の駆動電圧を出力し、流量制御弁６を制御する。
【００４９】
図３は、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第５実施例である。前述の実施例と同様の箇所は説明を割愛する。
【００５０】
第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａおよび第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂに通ずる油圧回路のそれぞれにオイルポンプ４ａ、４ｂと流量制御弁６ａ、６ｂが設置されている。
【００５１】
このように、第１潤滑油供給ノズル９ａおよび第２潤滑油供給ノズル９ｂ油圧回路のそれぞれにオイルポンプ４ａ、４ｂと流量制御弁６ａ、６ｂを２つに分けて設置することで、それぞれの潤滑油供給ノズルに応じた能力のオイルポンプを設置することができる。
【００５２】
図４は、本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第６実施例である。前述の実施例と同様の箇所は説明を割愛する。
【００５３】
オイルポンプ４ａ、４ｂは歯車軸１０、１１に設置されている。
【００５４】
これにより、オイルポンプ４ａ、４ｂの駆動源を別に設ける必要がなく、歯車装置をコンパクトにすることができる。
【００５５】
尚、上記実施例における歯車の回転数の検出は、小歯車の回転数を測定することにより行われているが、大歯車の回転数により行ってもよい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第１実施例
【図２】本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第２実施例
【図３】本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第５実施例
【図４】本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の第６実施例
【図５】本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の制御方法を示すフローチャート
【図６】本発明の歯車の潤滑装置の潤滑油供給量を示す図
【符号の説明】
１ 小歯車
２ 大歯車
３ 潤滑油油層
４ａ、４ｂ オイルポンプ
５ オイルクーラ
６ａ、６ｂ 流量制御弁
７ 回転検出手段
８ コントローラ
９ａ 第１潤滑油供給ノズル
９ｂ 第２潤滑油供給ノズル
１０ 小歯車軸
１１ 大歯車軸[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improvement of a gear lubrication device.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, lubrication and cooling are more effective when the gear rotates at a low speed from the tooth meshing side toward the meshing portion, and when the gear rotation is at a high speed, lubrication is performed from the tooth anti-meshing side. It is known that the tooth surface is cooled by supplying oil, and lubrication is possible to some extent with oil mist adhering to the tooth surface.
[0003]
As a gear lubrication device using such gear lubrication characteristics, there is a technique described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-122310.
[0004]
In this technology, in addition to the lubricating oil supply pipe that cools the meshing part from the counter meshing side of the gear, a lubricating oil supply pipe that supplies the lubricating oil to the meshing side meshing part of the gear and the circumference of the gear is provided. The lubrication and cooling ability of the gears is improved by supplying a certain amount of lubricating oil under any conditions such as high speed and low speed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when the gear rotates at a low speed, a sufficient lubrication and cooling effect can be obtained simply by supplying the lubricating oil from the gear engagement side, whereas the oil supply from the anti-engagement side as in the prior art. This means that it is necessary to supply unnecessary lubricating oil, not only deteriorating the efficiency of the pump but also supplying unnecessary lubricating oil in this way, and it is necessary to enlarge the pump accordingly. is there.
[0006]
On the other hand, when the gear rotates at high speed, the supply of lubricating oil from the biting side can be done by pumping work to confine the oil in the crest of the teeth or the back gap, or by accelerating the injected lubricating oil to the peripheral speed This is not preferable because a so-called stirring loss such as work is increased, and not only the efficiency of the gear device is lowered, but also a problem such as a reduction in the tooth surface seizure limit due to an increase in the amount of generated heat occurs.
[0007]
In view of these problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a gear device that efficiently lubricates gears without increasing the stirring loss of lubricating oil in a wide range of operation from low speed to high speed.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A gear lubrication device according to claim 1 of the present invention includes:
A first lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the meshed gear toward the meshing portion on the gear meshing side;
A second lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the gear toward the meshing portion on the counter-meshing side of the gear;
A rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of at least one of the gears;
A supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a supply amount of the lubricating oil supplied to the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle according to the rotational speed of the gear;
In a gear lubrication device comprising:
The supply amount adjusting means, as the rotational speed of the detected gear rises, lubricating oil supply amount of the second lubricant supply nozzle side together with reducing the lubricating oil supply amount of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side Further, when the detected rotational speed of the gear is in a low rotation range, the lubricating oil supply amount on the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side is changed to the lubricating oil supply amount on the second lubricating oil supply nozzle side. The lubricating oil supply amount of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle is adjusted so as to increase the amount of the lubricating oil .
[0009]
A gear lubrication device according to claim 2 of the present invention is provided.
A first lubricating oil supply nozzle that supplies lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the meshed small and large gears toward the meshing portion on the gear meshing side;
A second lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying lubricating oil from a meshing pitch circle tangent on the counter meshing side of the gear toward the center of the small gear;
Rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of at least one gear, and the supply amount of the lubricating oil supplied to the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle according to the rotational speed of the gear Supply amount adjusting means;
In a gear lubrication device comprising:
The supply amount adjusting means, as the rotational speed of the detected gear rises, lubricating oil supply amount of the second lubricant supply nozzle side together with reducing the lubricating oil supply amount of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side Further, when the detected rotational speed of the gear is in a low rotation range, the lubricating oil supply amount on the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side is changed to the lubricating oil supply amount on the second lubricating oil supply nozzle side. The lubricating oil supply amount of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle is adjusted so as to increase the amount of the lubricating oil .
[0010]
In the gear lubrication device according to claim 3 of the present invention, the supply amount adjusting means supplies the lubricating oil only from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle until the gear reaches a predetermined rotational speed,
After the predetermined rotational speed is exceeded, the higher the rotational speed of the gear, the smaller the lubricating oil supply amount from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the larger the lubricating oil supply amount from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle. It is characterized by that.
[0011]
A gear lubrication device according to claim 4 of the present invention is provided.
The amount of oil supplied was set so that the flow rate of the lubricating oil supplied from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle was faster than the gear meshing pitch circumferential speed until the rotational speed of the gear reached a predetermined rotational speed. It is characterized by that.
[0012]
The gear lubrication device according to claim 5 of the present invention is such that when the rotational speed of the gear is equal to or higher than a predetermined rotational speed, the flow speed of the lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle is the circumference of the meshing pitch of the gear. The supply oil amount is set so as to be faster than the speed.
[0013]
【The invention's effect】
A gear lubrication device according to claim 1 of the present invention includes:
When the rotational speed of the gear is the low rotation speed region, the lubricating oil supply amount from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying a lubricating oil toward the meshing portion of the biting side gears, anti biting side gear since more than the amount of the lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying a lubricating oil toward the engagement portion,
In the low rotation range, the lubrication oil is supplied from the biting side to lubricate the gears, while the extra supply from the counter biting side is eliminated, improving the pump efficiency and reducing the size of the pump.
[0014]
On the other hand, as the number of rotations of the gear increases, the amount of lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle that supplies lubricating oil toward the meshing portion on the counter-meshing side of the gear increases , lubricating oil supply amount from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying a lubricating oil toward the engagement portion from reducing,
When the rotation rises, while supplying and lubricating the gears by supplying lubricating oil from the anti-engagement side, pumping work that traps oil in the tooth crest and back gap by supplying the lubricating oil to the biting side and injection Stirring loss such as lubricating oil acceleration work that accelerates the lubricating oil to the peripheral speed can be reduced.
[0015]
Of the present invention, the gear lubrication device according to claim 2 comprises:
When the rotational speed of the gear is the low rotation speed region, the lubricating oil supply amount from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying a lubricating oil toward the meshing portion of the biting side gears, the side biting anti gear since more than the amount of the lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying a lubricating oil toward the center of the pinion,
In this low rotation range, the lubrication of the gear is performed by supplying the lubricating oil from the meshing side, while the excess lubrication oil is not supplied toward the center of the small gear on the counter-meshing side of the gear, and the pump efficiency is reduced. Improvement and downsizing of the pump can be achieved.
[0016]
On the other hand, as the rotational speed of the gear increases, the amount of lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle that supplies the lubricating oil toward the center of the small gear on the side opposite to the gear is increased, and the gear is engaged. lubricating oil toward the meshing portion of the side from a reducing lubricating oil supply amount from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying a,
When the rotation rises, while the gear is cooled and lubricated with the lubricating oil supplied toward the center of the small gear on the counter meshing side of the gear , the lubricating oil is supplied to the meshing side of the gear to Stirring loss such as pump work that traps oil in the top and back gaps and lubricating oil acceleration work that accelerates the injected lubricating oil to the peripheral speed can be reduced.
[0017]
The gear lubrication device according to claim 3 of the present invention includes:
Until the rotational speed of the gear becomes a predetermined rotational speed to supply only the lubricating oil from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle, the supply oil in the first lubricating oil supply nozzle higher rotational speed from exceeding a predetermined rotational speed since increasing the supply amount of the Rutotomoni second lubricating oil supply nozzles reduce the amount,
When the rotational speed of the gear is low, the meshing portion of the gear is lubricated only with the lubricating oil from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle, and the excessive supply of the lubricating oil from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle is eliminated, thereby improving the pump efficiency. Improvement and downsizing of the pump can be achieved.
[0018]
On the other hand, after the rotational speed of the gear exceeds a predetermined rotational speed, the higher the rotational speed, the smaller the amount of lubricating oil from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the larger the amount of oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle. in,
While cooling and lubricating the gear with the oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle , the oil is confined in the tooth crest and back gap by supplying the lubricating oil from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle to the gear engagement side. Stirring loss such as pump work and lubricating oil acceleration work that accelerates the injected lubricating oil to the peripheral speed can be reduced.
[0019]
In the gear lubricating device according to claim 4 of the present invention, the flow rate of the lubricating oil supplied from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle is the circumference of the meshing pitch of the gear until the rotational speed of the gear reaches a predetermined rotational speed. By setting the amount of oil supplied to be faster than the speed, the supplied lubricating oil reaches the tooth base without being blown off by the tooth tip of the gear, and the entire tooth surface can be effectively cooled. .
[0020]
In the gear lubrication device according to claim 5 of the present invention, after the rotational speed of the gear exceeds the predetermined rotational speed, the flow rate of the lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle is meshed with the small gear. By setting the amount of oil to be higher than the pitch circumferential speed, the lubricating oil supplied at the high speed reaches the tooth base without being blown off at the gear tip, and the entire tooth surface is effective. Can be cooled.
[0021]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0022]
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a gear lubrication device according to the present invention, which will be described below.
[0023]
In order to lubricate the meshing portion of the small gear 1 and the large gear 2, first and second lubricating oil supply nozzles 9a and 9b are provided on the meshing side and the counter meshing side, respectively.
[0024]
The first and second lubricating oil supply nozzles 9a and 9b are installed so as to supply the lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the meshed gear toward the meshing portion of the gear.
[0025]
Lubricating oil stored in an oil layer 3 provided in a gear box or the like is sucked up by an oil pump 4 and sent to a flow rate control valve 6 which is a supply amount adjusting means via a cooler 5. The flow rate control valve 6 controls the flow rate sent to the first and second lubrication oil supply nozzles 9a and 9b in accordance with the rotational speed of the gear.
[0026]
The controller 8 controls the amount of lubricating oil supplied.
[0027]
A signal from a rotational speed detection means 7 for detecting the rotational speed of the small gear 1 is read, and the flow control valve 6 is controlled according to the rotational speed.
[0028]
For example, the rotational speed of the gear is detected by the rotational speed detecting means 7, and as shown in FIG. 6A, the amount of lubricating oil supplied from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a on the gear engagement side is rotated. and the amount of reduction in response to an increase in the number and amount of increase in accordance with the lubricating oil supply amount from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b is anti biting side gears to increase in the rotational speed of the gear.
[0029]
Further, as shown in FIG. 6B, the lubricating oil is supplied only from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a on the biting side until the rotational speed of the gear reaches a predetermined rotational speed, that is, during low speed operation, and more As the engine speed increases, the supply amount of the lubricant oil from the first lubricant supply nozzle is decreased and the supply of the lubricant oil is started from the second lubricant supply nozzle 9b on the counter-engagement side, and the amount is increased. As described above, the flow control valve 6 may be controlled by the controller 8.
[0030]
As for how to reduce and increase after exceeding the predetermined rotational speed, the supply of lubricating oil from the biting side may be reduced to a constant amount, but the amount of lubricating oil is gradually reduced as the rotational speed increases. Alternatively, the supply of the lubricating oil from the counter-engagement side may be increased to a constant amount, but the lubricating oil amount may be gradually increased as the rotational speed increases.
[0031]
In addition, when the heat load is high, in order to effectively reduce the tooth surface temperature, the lubricating oil is supplementarily supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b on the anti-engagement side even at a low rotation, and the rotational speed is increased. Accordingly, the amount of lubricating oil supplied from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a on the biting side may be reduced to increase the amount of lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b.
[0032]
As described above, when the gear rotates at a low speed, lubrication of the gear is performed by supplying the lubricating oil from the biting side, and no extra supply from the counter biting side is eliminated, thereby improving pump efficiency and downsizing the pump. Can
On the other hand, when the gear is rotating at high speed, the oil is sealed in the tooth crest and back gap by supplying the lubricating oil to the biting side while lubricating and cooling the gear by supplying the lubricating oil from the counter biting side. Stirring loss such as work and lubricating oil acceleration work that accelerates the injected lubricating oil to the peripheral speed can be reduced.
[0033]
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the gear lubrication device of the present invention, and the description of the parts common to the first embodiment is omitted.
[0034]
In the second embodiment, the direction of the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b is directed to the center of the small gear with respect to the first embodiment.
[0035]
For this reason, even when the rotational speed of the gear is high, the lubricating oil is unlikely to be blown off by colliding with the tip surface of the small gear, and the small gear can be effectively cooled with the supplied lubricating oil.
[0036]
Next, although not shown, a third embodiment of the gear lubricating device of the present invention will be described. A description of the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
[0037]
In the third embodiment, the following equation is determined from the diameter d a (mm) of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a and the supplied oil amount Q a (l / min) until the rotational speed of the gear reaches a predetermined rotational speed. lubricating oil flow rate v a (m / sec) is the flow rate control valve 6 by the controller 8 so as to supply lubricating oil to always faster than the pitch circle speed meshing gears from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a Control.
[0038]
v a = Q a × 10 3 / A a / 60 A a = πd a 2/4
Thereby, the supplied lubricating oil reaches the tooth base without being blown off to the tooth tip of the gear, and the entire tooth surface can be effectively cooled.
[0039]
Next, although not shown, a fourth embodiment of the gear lubricating device of the present invention will be described. A description of the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
[0040]
In the fourth embodiment, the diameter d b (mm) of the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b and the supply oil amount Q b (l ) while the rotation speed of the gear is from the predetermined rotation speed to the maximum rotation speed of the gear device. / min) so that the lubricating oil flow velocity v b (m / sec) determined by the following equation is always higher than the gear mesh pitch circumferential speed so that the lubricating oil is supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b. The controller 8 controls the flow control valve 6.
[0041]
v b = Q b × 10 3 / A b / 60 A b = πd b 2/4
Thereby, the supplied lubricating oil reaches the tooth base without being blown off to the tooth tip of the gear, and the entire tooth surface can be effectively cooled.
[0042]
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a drive control method of the flow rate control valve of the gear lubricating device of the present invention. In FIG. 5, S1, S2, etc. indicate each step.
[0043]
As shown in FIG. 5, the controller 8 of the gear lubrication apparatus reads the rotational speed of the small gear 1 by the rotation detector 7 in S1.
[0044]
Next, in S2, the gear pitch circumferential speed is calculated from the rotational speed of the small gear read in S1.
[0045]
Until the rotational speed of the gear reaches a predetermined rotational speed, the controller 8 controls the flow rate so that the flow velocity of the lubricating oil supplied from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a becomes larger than the gear pitch circumferential speed calculated in S2 of the gear. The control valve 6 is controlled.
[0046]
In S3, it is determined whether or not the rotational speed of the small gear read in S1 is equal to or greater than a predetermined value. If it is less than the predetermined value, the process proceeds to S4.
[0047]
When the rotational speed of the small gear is less than the predetermined value, the lubricating oil is supplied from the biting side, the required amount of lubricating oil is calculated at S4, and the flow rate at S7 so as to supply the minimum necessary lubricating oil. The drive voltage of the control valve is output and the flow control valve 6 is controlled.
[0048]
When the rotational speed of the small gear is equal to or greater than a predetermined value, the lubricating oil is supplied from the biting side and the counter biting side. In S5, the required amount of lubricating oil from the counter biting side is set to the biting side in S6. In step S7, the flow control valve 6 is controlled by outputting the drive voltage of the flow control valve so as to calculate the amount of auxiliary lubricating oil from the flow and supply the lubricating oil according to the calculation results.
[0049]
FIG. 3 shows a fifth embodiment of the gear lubrication device of the present invention. A description of the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
[0050]
Oil pumps 4a and 4b and flow control valves 6a and 6b are installed in the hydraulic circuits communicating with the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b, respectively.
[0051]
As described above, the oil pumps 4a and 4b and the flow rate control valves 6a and 6b are separately provided in the first lubricating oil supply nozzle 9a and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b, respectively, so that the respective lubrication can be performed. An oil pump having a capacity corresponding to the oil supply nozzle can be installed.
[0052]
FIG. 4 shows a sixth embodiment of the gear lubricating device according to the present invention. A description of the same parts as those in the above-described embodiment will be omitted.
[0053]
The oil pumps 4 a and 4 b are installed on the gear shafts 10 and 11.
[0054]
Thereby, it is not necessary to provide the drive source of oil pump 4a, 4b separately, and a gear apparatus can be made compact.
[0055]
In addition, although the detection of the rotation speed of the gear in the said Example is performed by measuring the rotation speed of a small gear, you may perform it by the rotation speed of a big gear.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the gear lubrication device of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the gear lubrication device of the present invention. FIG. 3 shows a fifth embodiment of the gear lubrication device of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a control method of the gear lubrication device of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the amount of lubricating oil supplied by the gear lubrication device of the present invention. [Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Small gear 2 Large gear 3 Lubricating oil layer 4a, 4b Oil pump 5 Oil cooler 6a, 6b Flow control valve 7 Rotation detection means 8 Controller 9a First lubricating oil supply nozzle 9b Second lubricating oil supply nozzle 10 Small gear shaft 11 Large Gear shaft

Claims (5)

噛み合った歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルと、
該歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の反噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルと、
少なくとも一方の歯車の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、
該歯車の回転数に応じて前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルと前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルに供給する潤滑油の供給量を調整する供給量調整手段と、
を備えた歯車の潤滑装置において、
前記供給量調整手段は、前記検出された歯車の回転数が上昇するにつれ、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を少なくすると共に前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を多くするよう、また、前記検出された歯車の回転数が低回転域であるとき、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量よりも多くするよう、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルおよび第２潤滑油供給ノズルの潤滑油供給量を調整することを特徴とする歯車の潤滑装置。A first lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the meshed gear toward the meshing portion on the gear meshing side;
A second lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the gear toward the meshing portion on the counter-meshing side of the gear;
A rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of at least one of the gears;
A supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a supply amount of the lubricating oil supplied to the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle according to the rotational speed of the gear;
In a gear lubrication device comprising:
The supply amount adjusting means, as the rotational speed of the detected gear rises, lubricating oil supply amount of the second lubricant supply nozzle side together with reducing the lubricating oil supply amount of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side Further, when the detected rotational speed of the gear is in a low rotation range, the lubricating oil supply amount on the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side is changed to the lubricating oil supply amount on the second lubricating oil supply nozzle side. The gear lubrication device is characterized in that the amount of lubricant supplied from the first lubricant supply nozzle and the second lubricant supply nozzle is adjusted so as to increase the amount of the lubricant. 噛み合った大小の歯車の噛み合いピッチ円接線方向から歯車の噛み込み側の噛合い部に向けて潤滑油を供給する第１潤滑油供給ノズルと、
該歯車の反噛み込み側における噛み合いピッチ円接線上から小歯車の中心方向に向けて潤滑油を供給する第２潤滑油供給ノズルと、
少なくとも一方の歯車の回転数を検出する回転数検出手段と、
該歯車の回転数に応じて前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルと前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルに供給する潤滑油の供給量を調整する供給量調整手段と、
を備えた歯車の潤滑装置において、
前記供給量調整手段は、前記検出された歯車の回転数が上昇するにつれ、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を少なくすると共に前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を多くするよう、また、前記検出された歯車の回転数が低回転域であるとき、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量を前記第２潤滑油供給ノズル側の潤滑油供給量よりも多くするよう、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルおよび第２潤滑油供給ノズルの潤滑油供給量を調整することを特徴とする歯車の潤滑装置。A first lubricating oil supply nozzle that supplies lubricating oil from the meshing pitch circle tangential direction of the meshed small and large gears toward the meshing portion on the gear meshing side;
A second lubricating oil supply nozzle for supplying lubricating oil from a meshing pitch circle tangent on the counter meshing side of the gear toward the center of the small gear;
A rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of at least one of the gears;
A supply amount adjusting means for adjusting a supply amount of the lubricating oil supplied to the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the second lubricating oil supply nozzle according to the rotational speed of the gear;
In a gear lubrication device comprising:
The supply amount adjusting means, as the rotational speed of the detected gear rises, lubricating oil supply amount of the second lubricant supply nozzle side together with reducing the lubricating oil supply amount of the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side Further, when the detected rotational speed of the gear is in a low rotation range, the lubricating oil supply amount on the first lubricating oil supply nozzle side is changed to the lubricating oil supply amount on the second lubricating oil supply nozzle side. The gear lubrication device is characterized in that the amount of lubricant supplied from the first lubricant supply nozzle and the second lubricant supply nozzle is adjusted so as to increase the amount of the lubricant. 前記供給量調整手段は、前記歯車が所定の回転数になるまでは前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルからのみ潤滑油を供給し、
所定の回転数を超えてからは歯車の回転数が高いほど、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量を少なくし、前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルからの潤滑油供給量を多くすることを特徴とする請求項１または請求項２に記載の歯車の潤滑装置。The supply amount adjusting means supplies lubricating oil only from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle until the gear reaches a predetermined rotational speed,
After the predetermined rotational speed is exceeded, the higher the rotational speed of the gear, the smaller the lubricating oil supply amount from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle and the larger the lubricating oil supply amount from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle. The gear lubricating device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gear lubricating device is provided. 歯車の回転数が所定の回転数になるまでは、前記第１潤滑油供給ノズルから供給される潤滑油の流速が歯車の噛み合いピッチ円周速よりも速くなるように、供給油量を設定したことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項３に記載の歯車の潤滑装置。The amount of oil supplied was set so that the flow rate of the lubricating oil supplied from the first lubricating oil supply nozzle was faster than the gear meshing pitch circumferential speed until the rotational speed of the gear reached a predetermined rotational speed. The gear lubricating device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the gear lubricating device is provided. 歯車の回転数が所定の回転数以上のときは、前記第２潤滑油供給ノズルから供給される潤滑油の流速が歯車の噛み合いピッチ円周速よりも速くなるように、供給油量を設定したことを特徴とする請求項１乃至請求項４に記載の歯車の潤滑装置。When the rotational speed of the gear is equal to or higher than the predetermined rotational speed, the amount of oil supplied is set so that the flow speed of the lubricating oil supplied from the second lubricating oil supply nozzle is faster than the gear mesh pitch circumferential speed. The gear lubricating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the gear lubricating device is provided.
JP2001151930A 2001-05-22 2001-05-22 Gear lubricator Expired - Fee Related JP3937754B2 (en)

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