JP3930448B2 - Environmental load evaluation device and environmental load evaluation method - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is for evaluating an environmental load in a product life cycle, and particularly relates to an environmental load evaluation method and apparatus for calculating an emission amount of an environmental pollutant throughout the product life cycle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In recent years, due to the social rise in global environmental issues, not only environmental considerations caused by production activities in factories, but also reduction of environmental impacts on products has been demanded. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) ) Is attracting attention. LCA is a technique for analyzing and evaluating the load that products have on the environment throughout their lifetime. In other words, it is used to grasp the environmental load through the life cycle of the product (raw material collection → manufacturing → distribution → use → disposal / recycling) and to improve the environmental load. LCA is characterized by comprehensive evaluation over the life of a product, and it can be used for scientifically or rationally improving measures by quantitatively grasping loads such as air pollution, resource efficiency and waste amount. .
[0003]
However, it takes a lot of time and effort to perform a thorough process analysis throughout the product life cycle. Since home appliances are manufactured in large quantities and varieties and have a large share of the environmental burden, LCA evaluation is important. What kind of environmental burden is generated at what stage of the product life cycle? In order to reduce the environmental burden, it is necessary to delve into issues such as what should be improved at what stage and reflect them in actual improvements.
[0004]
For products with a short development period, such as home appliances, a method for utilizing LCA from the product design stage is already known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). With this method, it is possible to easily grasp the environmental load over the product life cycle, but the environmental load calculated by the database of environmental load emission intensity differs greatly, so what kind of database to use is large. It becomes a problem.
[0005]
The environmental load emission basic unit here is, for example, the amount of environmental load discharge per unit of material. As reliable data used for the construction of this database, for example, there is data of “input-output tables (hereinafter referred to as I / O table)”. Since the I / O table covers all the demands and supplies for each industrial sector in Japan, it is possible to calculate the emission intensity that goes back to the source. In addition, the reliable data is not limited to the input-output table, and may be used if the emission unit is standardized as an industry standard.
[0006]
In addition to LCA inventory data (environmental load data), there is an accumulation method in addition to the input-output analysis (hereinafter referred to as I / O method) utilizing the I / O table as described above. Are known. The accumulation method collects inventory data covering all life cycle processes of the evaluation target system and calculates the environmental load. However, it is very difficult to collect inventory data over the entire process, and the range that can be realistically grasped is the system boundary. However, for product designers who are not experts in LCA methods, LCA Enormous effort and cost will be spent on implementation. Against this background, application of the I / O method, which is relatively easy to perform LCA, has been proposed.
[0007]
There are many LCA evaluation cases applying the I / O method, but energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions are the focus as inventory items. These two indicators are representative inventory showing the global environmental load, but only capture one aspect of environmental impact. Environmental impacts have a wide variety of aspects, including global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, impacts on ecosystems, and resource depletion. Although it is the original LCA that comprehensively evaluates these, it cannot be said that there is sufficient data for evaluation. In particular, inventory data of toxic chemicals such as heavy metals necessary for assessing the impact on the human body and ecosystem are not well prepared.
[0008]
As environmental pollutant emission data, data based on the Environmental Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) (hereinafter referred to as PRTR data) is widely known. The PRTR Law determines the amount of the chemicals that are manufactured or used for the specified chemical substances that have been discharged into the environment and the amount that has been moved out of the office for disposal as waste. It compulsorily grasps itself and reports it to the administrative body once a year. In the PRTR system, 354 types of chemical substances are designated as Class 1 designated substances, and the amount transferred and discharged are ascertained and reported. Since April 2002, the first report has been started, and the database of PRTR data will be developed in the future.
[0009]
Such PRTR data has not been utilized for LCA so far. The reason is, for example, that since PRTR data is emission data based on establishments and facilities, a large-scale database that can be used for LCA has not yet been constructed.
[0010]
Large-scale inventory data is indispensable in order to estimate the environmental load related to the product life cycle easily and with high accuracy. It is desirable to build a complete inventory data such as conventional carbon dioxide emissions and energy consumption.
[0011]
[Patent Document 1]
JP 10-57936 A
[0012]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Thus, conventionally, there is no method for estimating the amount of environmental pollutants that are emitted at each stage of the product life cycle to evaluate the effects on the human body and the ecosystem. It was.
[0013]
Therefore, in view of the above problems, the present invention provides environmental pollutants for each sector on a different classification from the industry classification in the input-output table, such as emission data of environmental pollutants based on the PRTR system. Based on data representing emissions, LCA, that is, an environmental load assessment that can easily calculate the emission unit of the environmental pollutant required to calculate the amount of environmental pollutant emission in the product life cycle It is an object to provide a method and apparatus.
[0014]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention is based on (a) a second classification (for example, industrial statistical subclass, industrial statistical subclassification) different from the first classification (I / O table classification) for classifying industries in the input-output table. Distributing the amount of environmental pollutant k (for example, lead) for each sector to a plurality of first related sectors related to the environmental pollutant in the first category, The environmental pollutant emission amount (matrix Ek) per unit for each department is obtained, and (b) the environment on the third classification obtained by subdividing the plurality of first related departments of the first classification. By allocating the emission amount per unit of each of the plurality of first related departments to a plurality of second related departments related to the pollutant, per unit for each department on the third classification Determining the amount of emission of the environmental pollutant (matrix Ek), (c) An input coefficient between the plurality of first related departments represented as an input coefficient table (matrix A) of an input-output table is distributed among the plurality of second related departments, A second input coefficient table (matrix A ′) representing input coefficients between departments is obtained, and (d) the amount of environmental pollutants discharged by each department on the third classification and the second input coefficients. Based on the table, it is the emission unit of the environmental pollutant necessary to calculate the amount of the environmental pollutant emission in the product life cycle, and per unit of each sector in the third classification By calculating the emission intensity representing the emission amount of the environmental pollutant (matrix εk), the data representing the emission amount of the environmental pollutant for each department on the classification different from the industry classification in the input-output table (for example, , PRTR data), product life cycle The emission intensity of the environmental pollutants that is necessary to calculate the emissions of the pollutants can be easily calculated in. In addition, by subdividing from the first classification to the third classification, it is limited to the section where the actual environmental pollutant is input, and the discharge amount or pitching of the environmental pollutant (per sector) By allocating the coefficient, it is possible to calculate the emission intensity that reflects the ripple effect on domestic industry that is more realistic.
[0015]
Further, the emission amount of each of the plurality of first related departments (for example, I / O table classification) and the input coefficient between the plurality of first related departments are set as the second related department (for example, by use). When allocating to (classification), allocation is performed according to the production amount or production value for each second related department.
[0016]
Further, when obtaining the matrix Ek from the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant k (for example, lead) for each department on the second category (for example, the category in industrial statistics), Distributing the amount of environmental pollutant emission for each sector to each sector related to the environmental pollutant in a fourth category (industrial statistical subcategory) different from the second category for classifying the industry The amount of environmental pollutant emissions (matrix X6) for each sector in the fourth category is obtained, and the amount of environmental pollutant emissions for each sector in the fourth category is calculated as the first category. After determining the amount of environmental pollutant emissions (matrix X7) for each sector on the first category, the relevant unit per unit for each category on the first category Obtain the amount of environmental pollutants (matrix Ek).
[0017]
Further, the environmental pollutant in the life cycle of the evaluation target based on the input amount and the emission source unit of each department in the third classification of the raw materials and energy used in the life cycle of the product to be evaluated The amount of emissions (evaluation result of the product) is calculated. Since the input coefficient A ′ and the matrix Ek ′ that show the ripple effect from the sector where the environmental pollutant is actually used are used, the amount of emissions from the sector where the environmental pollutant is actually input Can be estimated, and a more reliable and highly reliable evaluation result can be obtained.
[0018]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[0019]
Here, for example, based on the emission data of environmental pollutants collected in the PRTR system, the emission intensity of each environmental pollutant of products and services is obtained, and the emission intensity for each obtained environmental pollutant An environmental load evaluation apparatus that evaluates the environmental load of the product by calculating the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant at each stage of the product life cycle will be described.
[0020]
In addition, the input-output tables (hereinafter referred to as I / O table) used in the following explanation are three tables: a basic transaction table (transaction basic table or production value table), an input coefficient table, and an inverse matrix coefficient table. The basic transaction table shows the transaction amount of products (each sector (classification item) in the input-output table) performed between industries.
[0021]
In addition, the input coefficient table of the input-output table lists the coefficients (input coefficients) obtained by dividing the input values of raw materials, etc. by the production value of each industry for each column of the basic transaction table. It is. The ratio (ratio) of each product (I / O table classification) arranged in the vertical direction necessary for producing one unit of each product (I / O table classification) arranged in the horizontal direction is shown.
[0022]
Furthermore, the code correspondence table created as an auxiliary table of the input-output table is the ratio of each department (product) in the I / O table classification included in that department for each unit (product) in the industrial statistical subcategory ( (Coefficient value).
[0023]
FIG. 1 shows a hardware configuration example of an environmental load evaluation apparatus according to this embodiment. A communication I / F device 2, a portable recording medium drive device 3, a display device 4, and an input device are connected to a bus 1. 5, the output device 6, the arithmetic unit 7, the external storage device 8, and the memory 9 are connected.
[0024]
Programs relating to various means according to the present embodiment are stored in advance in the external storage device 8, and, for example, the input / output means 11, the allocation means 12, the refinement means 13, the emission intensity calculation means 14, and the product evaluation are performed as necessary. Each program corresponding to the means 15 is read into the memory 9 and operates.
[0025]
A database for storing information such as PRTR data, input coefficient table, and various statistical data described later (such as an input-output table and industrial statistical data created by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, etc.) is stored in the external storage device 8. Yes. Further, the emission unit of each environmental pollutant obtained as a calculation result, the environmental load evaluation result of the product, and the like are also stored in the external storage device 8.
[0026]
The arithmetic unit 7 executes input / output control and various arithmetic processes by executing a program in the memory 9. A mouse and keyboard are used as the input device 5, a printer is used as the output device 6, and a display is used as the display device 4. The portable storage medium drive device 3 includes a floppy disk drive, an optical disk drive, and the like.
[0027]
The external storage device 8 stores a database that stores various statistical data used for calculation of emission unit, which will be described later.
[0028]
FIG. 2 shows an example of a functional configuration of the environmental load evaluation apparatus of FIG. 1. The first input unit 21, the allocation unit 22, the refinement unit 23, the first storage unit 24, and the emission intensity calculation. Unit 25, second storage unit 26, second input unit 27, product evaluation unit 28, and output unit 29. The functions of the first input unit 21, the second input unit 27, and the output unit 29 correspond to the input unit 11, the function of the allocation unit 22 corresponds to the allocation unit 12, and the function of the detailing unit 23 is detailed. The function of the emission source unit calculation unit 25 corresponds to the emission unit calculation unit 14, and the product evaluation unit 28 corresponds to the product evaluation unit 15, the first storage unit 24, and the second storage unit 24. The storage unit 26 corresponds to the external storage device 8 and the memory 9.
[0029]
Hereinafter, each component will be described with reference to FIG.
[0030]
The first input unit 21 receives, for each product according to a predetermined classification, for each environmental pollutant, for example, emission data representing emission into the air, water, and soil. Here, PRTR data is used as an example of such emission data, and the PRTR data for the environmental pollutant k is expressed as PRTR (k) data. Further, here, for example, among environmental pollutants designated as the first type designated substance, lead will be described as an example (that is, k = lead).
[0031]
PRTR data shows the amount of each environmental pollutant emitted when producing and manufacturing each product (each category in the Industrial Statistics category) at all offices in Japan as air, water, and soil emissions. It is divided and expressed. For example, FIG. 7 shows an example of PRTR data regarding the discharge amount of lead as the environmental pollutant k. Fig. 7 shows the results of the PRTR pilot project conducted by the Ministry of the Environment in 2000. This is referred to herein as PRTR pilot data.
[0032]
The “2000 Pilot Project Report” of the pilot project in 2000 surveys the entire area or a part of 30 prefectures and targets 16,149 offices. . Of these, the figures were compiled based on the results of reports from about 46% of business establishments. The PRTR pilot data shown in FIG. 7 indicates the emission and transfer amount of “lead and its compounds” in each industry in the 2000 pilot project report.
[0033]
Since this PRTR pilot data is a collection of data collected from business establishments in some regions, in this embodiment, emission data obtained as a result of estimating emissions in Japan based on this data. Is described as PRTR data.
[0034]
The PRTR data is described as indicating the amount of environmental pollutant emissions by sector in the industrial statistics classification, but this is not the only case. It may represent the discharge amount. The data input here will be described using PRTR data as described above. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the amount of environmental pollutants discharged from all over Japan can be set for each department in any category. Data represented separately may be sufficient. In the allocation unit 22 to be described later, any emission amount according to any classification can be used as long as it can be allocated to the emission amount of each environmental pollutant for each department on the I / O table classification. it can.
[0035]
In the allocation unit 22, each of the I / O table classifications is based on the PRTR data input from the first input unit 21 (that is, data indicating the amount of lead discharged from each industrial establishment in Japan). A matrix Ek is calculated that represents the amount of environmental pollutant k (= lead) that is discharged when one unit of production (production value or production amount) for each department (each product) is produced.
[0036]
As described above, the PRTR data represents the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant k for each product according to the classification in the industrial statistics. Therefore, the allocation unit 22 once redistributes the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant k for each product according to the classification in the industrial statistics to the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant k for each product according to the I / O table classification. . The matrix Ek represents the direct discharge amount of the environmental pollutant k in the I / O table classification.
[0037]
The I / O table classifies industries throughout Japan into about 400 categories based on its own classification. Since PRTR data is aggregated in units of business establishments or industrial statistical classification units, it is necessary to ensure the consistency of this classification.
[0038]
In general, PRTR data is aggregated in units of business units and facilities. If data collection is performed for each process, individual data before aggregation for each business unit or facility can be used. When there are multiple products manufactured in the office, it is necessary to allocate (allocate) the amount of environmental pollutant emissions.
[0039]
As an allocation method for distributing emissions per product according to the first classification (for example, classification in industrial statistics) to emissions per product according to the second classification (for example, I / O table classification) An economic value allocation in which emissions are allocated according to product prices (production value), and a quantity allocation in which emissions are allocated according to product mass (production volume) can be considered. Unless the amount of emission of each environmental pollutant can be grasped for each manufacturing process in the office, such an allocation method is used to grasp the amount of environmental pollutant emission in the manufacturing process of each product. The emission data obtained as a result can be used as foreground data (direct emission) in LCA.
[0040]
Furthermore, by matching the PRTR data with the I / O table, it becomes possible to consider the flow of environmental pollutants between industries. As a result, not only the amount of environmental pollutants emitted directly from each process, but also indirect emissions at other business sites and industries where it is difficult to grasp the amount of emissions, the background in LCA It can be used as data (indirect emissions).
[0041]
In addition, it is possible to perform environmental impact assessment in consideration of regional characteristics by using the result of impact assessment based on this emissions, not the emissions shown in the PRTR data.
[0042]
The first storage unit 24 stores an I / O table (such as a basic transaction table matrix T and an input coefficient table matrix A). The matrix T represents the transaction amount between products according to the I / O table classification, and the matrix A represents the input coefficient between products according to the I / O table classification. In the first storage unit 24, in addition to the matrices T and A, various statistical information (for example, described later) used when calculating the matrix Ek, A ′, and Ek ′ to be described later by the allocation unit 22 and the detailing unit 23. Matrix X4a, X4b, X3, X2, production quantity and production value for each department on the I / O table classification), intermediate data obtained in the process in the allocation unit 22 and the refinement unit 23 (for example, Matrixes X4c, X4d, X5, X5 ′, X6, X7, T ′ and the like, which will be described later, are also temporarily stored.
[0043]
The refinement unit 23 classifies the products related to the environmental pollutants out of the products based on the I / O table classification (details), and stores the matrix A stored in the first storage unit 24. Distribute the input coefficient between products according to the I / O table classification among the products according to the detailed classification (actually, the transaction amount between products according to the I / O table classification of the matrix T is detailed) After dividing between the products according to the classified classification, each element is divided by the column sum to obtain a matrix A ′ representing the input coefficient between the products according to the detailed classification). In addition, the above matrix E, which represents the amount of environmental pollutant k (= lead) emitted during the production of one unit of each product in the I / O table classification, also applies to each product in the I / O table classification. Distribute the amount of environmental pollutant k per unit to each product according to the detailed classification.
[0044]
By detailing the department regarding the I / O table classification related to environmental pollutant k, it becomes possible to assign the direct emission amount in the process of discharging environmental pollutant k in detail, and the more realistic emission amount It is possible to estimate.
[0045]
The I / O table classification uses its own classification, and all industries in Japan are classified into 397 sectors. Therefore, a plurality of products are included in one department. In order to estimate the emission of chemical substances that are limited to products with an emission source, it is necessary to reset only a specific product as one division. This can be done by making the department related to the target chemical substance independent or newly established.
[0046]
In this embodiment, as the classification of products corresponding to each department according to the respective classifications of I / O table classification (397 departments), industrial statistical middle classification (14 departments), and industrial statistical subcategory classification (577 departments). Used.
[0047]
In the refinement unit 23 of the present embodiment, the product according to the I / O table classification is further refined into, for example, application-specific classifications that are subdivided by application. Then, an element value (transaction amount) corresponding to the product i related to the environmental pollutant k in the I / O table classification of the matrix T (such as the material k that discharges the material k or uses the material k or the product containing the material k as a raw material) ) Is distributed to products u classified by usage, which are further subdivided according to usage, and then each element value is divided by the column sum of prime p to obtain matrix A ′. In addition, the matrix Ek ′ is calculated in which the discharge amount of the product i in the I / O table classification of the matrix E corresponding to the substance k is distributed to the product u in the application classification.
[0048]
When distributing the input coefficient of matrix A and the discharge amount of matrix E, as in the allocation method described above, the economic value of assigning the input coefficient and discharge amount according to the ratio of the production value of product u to the production value of product i. Either the distribution or the physical quantity distribution to which the input coefficient or the discharge amount is assigned according to the ratio of the production amount of the product u to the production amount of the product i is used.
[0049]
The emission source unit calculation unit 25 calculates the emission unit εk of the environmental pollutant k using the matrix A ′ and the matrix Ek ′. In other words, the emission intensity is calculated taking into account the ripple effect on the entire domestic industry based on the I / O table.
[0050]
In general, in the I / O method, the environmental load emission intensity ε of the environmental load k is expressed by the following equation (1). _k Is calculated. In the following equation (1), the subscript k indicates the type of environmental load, E is a direct emission coefficient matrix, A is an I / O table input coefficient matrix, and I is a unit matrix.
[0051]
εk = Ek × (IA) ^-1 ... (1)
Formula (1) calculates the environmental load emission intensity including not only the environmental load E directly discharged in each sector but also indirect discharge due to the ripple effect on the entire domestic industry. By this calculation method, it is possible to estimate the total emissions of products and services provided to consumers. Equation (1) is also calculated by assuming that goods and services (imports) produced overseas are produced domestically. Another method is to ignore the imports and calculate.
[0052]
In the present embodiment, similarly to the I / O method, the emission unit εk of the environmental pollutant k is calculated using the above equation (1). That is, the matrix A ′ and the matrix Ek ′ calculated by the detailing unit 23 are substituted into the following equation (2) and calculated using the emission basic unit εk.
[0053]
εk = Ek ′ × (IA ′) ^-1 ... (2)
For example, it is assumed that the product i related to lead in the I / O table classification is further subdivided according to use, so that the product i is classified into 411 departments in the application classification from all 397 departments in the I / O table classification. In this case, the matrix Ek ′ is represented by a matrix of 3 rows and 411 columns, and the matrix A ′ is represented by a row example of 411 rows and 411 columns. Therefore, the emission intensity εk (matrix εk) is calculated as a matrix of 3 rows and 411 columns.
[0054]
The matrix εk calculated by the emission intensity calculation unit 25 is stored in the second storage unit 26.
[0055]
The product evaluation unit 28 uses the matrix εk of the environmental pollutant k stored in the second storage unit 26 to input each stage of the product life cycle input from the second input unit 27 and the entire life cycle. The emission amount of substance k is calculated.
[0056]
The second input unit 27 determines the input amount of raw materials and energy input at each stage of the life cycle (material procurement stage, manufacturing stage, distribution stage, use stage, disposal stage, etc.) of the product to be evaluated. It is for inputting information. Here, in each stage of the life cycle to be evaluated, a matrix of 411 rows and 1 column for each stage (hereinafter referred to as “the matrix of 411 sections”) showing the input amounts of raw materials and energy for each item of the above-mentioned classification by use (for example, 411 departments). Input matrix).
[0057]
The product evaluation unit 28 multiplies the input matrix for each stage by εk for each stage of the life cycle (see the following equation (3)), and discharges the environmental pollutant k at that stage (atmosphere, water). , By soil). Since the emission amount of the environmental pollutant k calculated here can be expressed as a matrix of 3 rows and 1 column, this is called an emission amount matrix.
[0058]
Environmental exhaust material k emission matrix (3 rows and 1 column) = εk (3 rows and 411 columns) × input amount matrix (411 rows and 1 column) (3)
In the output unit 29, display data for displaying the evaluation result calculated by the product evaluation unit 28 is created and displayed on the display device 4.
[0059]
(Calculation of emission unit εk of environmental pollutant k)
Next, a processing operation for calculating εk of the environmental load evaluation apparatus of FIG. 1 will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. This operation is performed by a program transferred from the external storage device 8 to the memory 9 (an input / output program corresponding to the input / output means 11, an allocation program corresponding to the allocation means 12, a refinement program corresponding to the refinement means 13, a discharge source unit) This is executed by a computer including the arithmetic unit 7 in accordance with an emission source unit calculation program or the like corresponding to the calculation means, and the processing result is displayed on the display device 4.
[0060]
Here, as an example, a calculation example in the case of targeting “lead and its compounds” among PRTR system target substances will be specifically described. It goes without saying that the emission intensity can be calculated for substances other than “lead and its compounds (hereinafter simply referred to as lead)” by the same calculation.
[0061]
The processing operation until εk is calculated will be specifically described using the PRTR pilot data as shown in FIG.
[0062]
FIG. 8 shows the PRTR pilot data shown in FIG. 7 in three rows 14 in which “atmospheric discharge”, “water discharge” and “soil discharge” are arranged in the vertical direction, and items of 14 categories in the industrial statistics are arranged in the horizontal direction. This is represented by a matrix of columns.
[0063]
Emission amount data as shown in FIG. 8 is input to the first input unit 21 (step S1). As described above, PRTR pilot data does not cover Japan as a whole because only a part of the regions and offices are surveyed. Therefore, here, first, the emission amount of Japan as a whole is estimated from the ratio of the number of target establishments in FIG. 7 and the total number of establishments in Japan. This is equivalent to assuming that the emission status of the target establishments in the pilot project is the national average.
[0064]
For example, paying attention to the column of “Electric machinery” in FIG. 8 (see FIG. 9A), the value of (total number of business establishments / number of reporting establishments) shown in FIG. By multiplying, the total amount of emissions in Japan is obtained (see Fig. 9 (b)). For the other columns, in the same way as above, by multiplying each element value by the value of (National total number of establishments / Number of reporting establishments), emissions from the entire Japan by sector in the industrial statistics classification (14 divisions) Determine the amount of lead released. This calculation process may be performed in the apparatus (for example, the allocation unit 22) after inputting the PRTR pilot data shown in FIG. 8 to the first input unit 21, or may be performed in advance in FIG. From the PRTR pilot data shown in Fig. 1, the result of calculating the amount of lead discharged from the whole Japan by sector in the industrial statistics classification (14 sectors) is input to the first input unit 21 as PRTR data. Also good.
[0065]
For the sake of simplicity of explanation, the first input unit 21 includes a matrix of 3 rows and 14 columns representing the amount of lead discharged from the whole Japan by sector in the industrial statistics classification (14 sectors) (matrix). Suppose X2) is input. Each element value amn of this matrix represents a lead emission amount by m (atmosphere, water area, soil) of the product n classified in the industrial statistics. FIG. 9 (b) shows only a portion of the matrix X2, ie, n = electromechanical instrument column.
[0066]
Next, the allocation unit 22 estimates the lead discharge amount for each product in the I / O table classification from the lead discharge amount for each product in the industrial statistics classification represented by the matrix X2 (steps S2 to S2). Step S4).
[0067]
For this purpose, a code correspondence table is used here. As described above, the code correspondence table associates each department of the industrial statistical subcategory (all 577 departments) with each department of the I / O table classification. On the other hand, the matrix X2 represents the lead discharge amount for each department in accordance with the industrial statistics classification (all 14 departments). Therefore, when allocating each department in the industrial statistics classification of the matrix X2 to a department in the I / O table classification, it is first necessary to allocate each department in the industrial statistics classification to a classification in the industrial statistical subclass.
[0068]
Since lead is not uniformly discharged from all sectors included in the industrial statistical classification, refinement after accurately grasping the usage status of lead in each industrial statistical classification It is desirable to do. Therefore, in order to specify the lead discharge sector in the industrial statistical subcategory, for example, the lead input status is extracted from the I / O table. In the 1995 I / O table, since multiple goods are integrated as the “lead / zinc” sector, the “lead” in 1995 reflects the input status of the “lead” sector in the 1990 I / O table. ”Is specified.
[0069]
In sectors with inputs from the “lead” sector, it is believed that there is lead usage and emissions. The “lead” input department is converted from the I / O table classification to the industrial statistical sub-classification using the “code correspondence table” attached to the I / O table. As a result, the amount of lead input by sector in the industrial statistical subcategories is also clarified.
[0070]
In this way, the sector j of the industrial statistical subcategory into which the lead classified into each sector (product) n of the industrial statistical category is input is obtained.
[0071]
FIG. 11 shows an example of the matrix x4a representing the production value cj for each department j in the industrial statistical subcategory where lead is introduced in the case of n = electric equipment.
[0072]
Therefore, the allocation unit 22 uses the code correspondence table (matrix x4b) as shown in FIG. 10 and the matrix x4a as shown in FIG. 11 to analyze the PRTR data by, for example, economic value allocation (allocation). Refine from classification to industrial statistical sub-classification and further to I / O table classification. That is, from the matrix X2 representing the lead emissions for each m (m = 1: atmospheric discharge, m = 2: water discharge, m = 3: soil discharge) of products n classified in the industrial statistics, A matrix X6 representing the discharge amount for each m of the classified product j is calculated (step S2). For example, the lead discharge amount of product n is allocated to product j according to the amount of lead input to product i. It is assumed that all subcategories included in the same middle class are in the same emission status. Thereby, the amount of lead emissions for each industrial statistical subcategory is estimated.
[0073]
Thereafter, a matrix X7 representing the discharge amount for each m of the product i in the I / O table classification is calculated from the matrix X6 (step S3). And the matrix E showing the lead discharge amount for every m from 1 unit of the product i is calculated from this matrix X7 (step S4).
[0074]
The calculation processing in steps S2 to S4 in FIG. 3 will be specifically described with reference to the flowcharts shown in FIGS.
[0075]
Here, each division (product) in the industrial statistics classification is represented by n, and among the divisions of the industrial statistical subcategory included in the product n, the division (product) in which lead is introduced is represented by j. As described above, it is assumed that the environmental pollutant k is lead (step S11).
[0076]
A matrix X4a representing the production value cj of the product j in Japan as shown in FIG. 11 and a matrix representing the ratio bji used for the product i in one unit of the product j as shown in FIG. Using X4b (code correspondence table), the production value cj of the product j is allocated to the product i into which the product j is input according to the coefficient bji. The same process as described above is performed for all n, and a matrix X4c representing the input amount dji to the product i of the product j is obtained (step S12).
[0077]
For example, each element value bji of the matrix X4c is multiplied by the element cj of the matrix X4a corresponding to the subscript j of the element to calculate the element value dji of the matrix X4c. Of the matrix x4c, part of the matrix relating to the product j corresponding to n = electric appliance is shown in FIG.
[0078]
For each column of the matrix X4c, the sum of the element values dji is obtained. This is represented as a column sum Di. By dividing each element value dji of the matrix X4c by the column sum Di of the column to which the element belongs, a matrix X4d representing the ratio ej of the product j input to the product i is obtained (step S13). Of the matrix X4d, part of the matrix relating to product j corresponding to n = electric appliance is shown in FIG.
[0079]
Next, the input amount fi is allocated to the product j using the matrix X3 representing the input amount fi of the environmental pollutant k (here, k = lead) input to the product i and the matrix X4d. By performing the same process as described above for all i (in which lead is introduced), a matrix X5 representing the amount gj of the lead introduced in the product j is obtained (step S14).
[0080]
For example, the element value gj of the matrix X5 is calculated by adding each element value eji of the matrix X4d to the element fi of the matrix X3 corresponding to the subscript i of the element for each j. FIG. 13 shows lead input amounts for batteries and light bulbs in the matrix X3, and FIG. 14A shows a part of the matrix for the product j corresponding to n = electric equipment in the matrix X5.
[0081]
The column sum Gk of the matrix X5, that is, the sum of the element values gi is obtained. Each element value gj of the matrix X5 is divided by the column sum Gk to obtain a matrix X5 ′ representing the ratio hj of the input amount of lead input to the product j with respect to the total input amount Gk of lead (step S15). FIG. 14B shows a part of the matrix related to the product j corresponding to n = electric equipment in the matrix X5 ′.
[0082]
Next, using the matrix X2 representing the lead emission amount amn of each product n in the industrial statistics category n and the matrix X5 ′, amn is allocated to the product j according to each element value hj of the matrix x5 ′. To do. By performing the same process as described above for all n, a matrix X6 representing the lead emission amount pmj for each m of the product j is obtained (step S16).
[0083]
For example, a value obtained by multiplying each element value amn for a product n having a matrix X2 as shown in FIG. 15A by an element hj of the matrix X5 ′ corresponding to each j is obtained for all n, and for each j In addition, each element value pml of the matrix X6 is calculated. Of the matrix X6, part of the matrix related to the product j corresponding to n = electric appliance is shown in FIG.
[0084]
Further, a matrix X7 in which the matrix X6 representing the lead emission pmj for each m of the product j is allocated to the department i on the I / O table classification is obtained (step S17). That is, again using the matrix X4b (code correspondence table) representing the ratio bji used for the product i in one unit of the product j, the subscript of the element is added to the lead emission amount pmj for each m of each product j. A matrix X7 representing the lead emission amount qmi for each m of the product i is obtained by obtaining all j by multiplying the elements bji of the corresponding matrix X4b corresponding to j and adding them for each i. Of the matrix X7, part of the matrix relating to the product i corresponding to n = electric appliance is shown in FIG.
[0085]
Finally, a matrix E representing each element value qmi from the matrix X7 and representing the lead discharge amount smi for each m for one unit of the product i is calculated (step S18). For this purpose, the production value or the production amount ri in Japan for each product i is used. Each element value qmi of the matrix X7, that is, the lead discharge amount for each m of the product i is divided by the production value or the production amount ri of the product i to represent the lead discharge amount smi for each m of the product i. Matrix E is calculated. This matrix E is a matrix of environmental pollutant k (here, k = lead), and this is represented as Ek. Of the matrix Ek, part of the matrix related to the product i corresponding to n = electric equipment is shown in FIG.
[0086]
Returning to the description of FIG. 3, when the matrix E representing the lead emission amount for each m discharged from one unit of the product i on the I / O table classification is calculated, the refinement unit 23 then inputs the input coefficient table. The input coefficient related to the product i that uses or discharges the environmental pollutant k in (Matrix A) is allocated to the product u classified by use, which is the product i further subdivided by use, and the input coefficient table A ′ is obtained (step) S5). Further, the matrix Ek ′ is calculated by allocating the lead emission amount smi for each m of the product i in the I / O table classification of the matrix Ek to the product u in the application classification (step S6).
[0087]
Lead applications include lead-acid batteries (for automobiles, small seals, motorcycles, other industries), inorganic chemicals (for TVs and computers, vinyl chloride, paints / pigments, wire coating, optical glass, etc.), solder ( For consumer equipment, communications / industrial equipment, automobiles, mounting processing, etc.), lead pipes / lead plates, other demands (other non-ferrous metal products, automotive internal combustion engines, copper products, electron tubes, ceramics, weapons, bearings, Printing, etc.), and there is demand in a wide range of industrial fields. Moreover, the usage-amount as a lead storage battery is the largest.
[0088]
The I / O table classification does not necessarily correspond to each use of lead as described above. In order to accurately represent these uses, it is necessary to refine the I / O table classification to a level that can correspond to each use. For example, the I / O table classification is corrected and detailed as follows. Clearly separate lead-related goods and non-lead-related goods from one sector.
[0089]
For example, from the “other inorganic pigments” category in the I / O table classification, lead tan, resurge and yellow lead are taken out and the lead-related inorganic pigment sector is made independent.
[0090]
The “lead glass” section is taken out of the “other glass products” section in the I / O table classification and made independent.
[0091]
The “Ceramics” category is made independent from the “Ceramics” category in the I / O table classification.
[0092]
The “Lead / Zinc” category in the I / O table classification is divided into “Lead”, “Solder”, and “Zinc”.
[0093]
Make “Copper products” independent from the “Other non-ferrous metal shapes” section in the I / O table classification.
[0094]
The “other non-ferrous metal products” category in the I / O table classification is divided into “lead pipes”, “lead plates”, “alloys”, and “other non-ferrous metal products”.
[0095]
The “Brown tube” section is made independent from the “Electron tube” section in the I / O table classification.
[0096]
"Lead storage battery (for automobiles)", "lead storage battery (for motorcycles)", "lead storage battery (small seal)", and "lead storage battery (other)" from the "Battery" category in the I / O table classification Let
[0097]
By making the details of the division of the I / O table classification as described above, it becomes possible to allocate the emission amount only to the division related to lead. The original I / O table is represented by a matrix of 397 departments × 397 departments. As a result of the above-described details, a matrix of 411 departments × 411 departments is obtained, which corresponds to the matrix T ′. Here, in order to distribute the input coefficient between products according to the I / O table classification of the matrix A among the products according to the detailed classification, first, the products according to the I / O table classification of the matrix T Between the products according to the detailed classification, and then dividing each element value by its column sum to represent the input factor between products according to the detailed classification A matrix A ′ is obtained.
[0098]
FIG. 18A shows a part of the matrix T. FIG. Here, the details of the matrix A will be described with reference to FIG. For example, I / O table product i = battery is detailed by application (lead-acid battery car, lead-acid battery small seal, lead-acid battery motorcycle, lead-acid battery, other industries, and other batteries in general). The case where it performs is demonstrated.
[0099]
Here, in the case of economic value allocation in which transaction amounts (input amounts) that are element values of the matrix T are allocated according to the production value in Japan as a whole for each product classified by use (see FIG. 18B). However, as described above, the same applies to the quantity distribution in which the input amount of the matrix T is allocated according to the production amount in Japan for each product classified by use.
[0100]
For example, in FIG. 18A, an element value (input amount) t11 representing a ratio of products i (= battery) arranged in the horizontal direction into one unit of product i (= battery) arranged in the horizontal direction. Is distributed to each product u ("Battery in general", "Lead battery automobile", "Lead battery motorcycle", "Lead battery small seal", "Lead battery and other industrial use") The amount of money t11 is arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions for “battery in general”, “for lead-acid battery automobiles”, “for lead-acid battery motorcycles”, “lead-acid battery small seal”, and “for lead-acid batteries and other industries”, respectively. This is to distribute to each element wuu of the matrix (see FIG. 18C). At that time, the sum of wuu is distributed so as to be equal to t11.
[0101]
In order to allocate the input amount, if the production values for each product u shown in FIG. 18B are expressed as α1 to α5, first, the ratio of the production value of each product u to the total value Uα is obtained. In accordance with this ratio, the input amount t11 is distributed to each column in FIG. In each column, the allocated amount is further distributed according to the ratio of the product u corresponding to each row. Alternatively, in each column, the allocated amount may be equally divided (in this case, equally divided into five) by the product u corresponding to each row. Furthermore, the value “0” may be entered in advance for the element values for products for which the product u is not explicitly inserted, and the input amount t11 may be allocated to other element values. In addition, if the ratio of a certain product u (= 1 to 5) to be input is known for a certain product u (= 1 to 5) in advance, the input amount t11 may be allocated according to the ratio. Good.
[0102]
As described above, for each element on the matrix T related to each product i subdivided by use, the input amount is the same as described above, and the production value or production of the product u is assigned to each product u classified by use. A matrix T ′ of 411 rows and 411 columns is obtained by allocating according to the ratio of the amounts.
[0103]
FIG. 18C shows a part of the matrix T ′. The input coefficient table matrix A ′ is calculated by dividing each element of the matrix T ′ by the sum of each column (that is, the total production value of each department).
[0104]
In the case of the matrix Ek, as in the case of the matrix A, the lead emission amount smi for each m of the product i in the I / O table classification is classified according to use by use or discharge by the economic value distribution and the physical quantity distribution. Allocate to product u.
[0105]
For example, I / O table product i = battery is detailed by application (lead-acid battery car, lead-acid battery small seal, lead-acid battery motorcycle, lead-acid battery, other industries, and other batteries in general). The case where the amount of lead discharge smi of the battery is distributed will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
[0106]
FIG. 19A shows a part of the matrix Ek, i = lead emission smi by m (atmosphere, water area, soil) of batteries and light bulbs. Of these, when the amount of lead discharged from a battery is distributed to each product classified by use, which is classified in more detail for a lead-in product (lead battery), for example, as shown in FIG. Allocate lead emissions smi based on the total production volume of each product in Japan.
[0107]
From FIG. 20, the total Uβ of the production amounts β2 to β5 of each product u (u = 2 to 5) classified as a lead battery is obtained, and the ratio of the production amount of each product u (u = 2 to 5) to this value Is calculated.
[0108]
Assuming that the amount of lead discharged into the atmosphere s11 of the battery, the amount of lead discharged w1u into the atmosphere of each product u is obtained by multiplying s11 by the ratio (βu / Uβ) to the total Uβ of the production amount βu of the product u. be able to.
[0109]
In this way, by distributing the lead discharge amount of each product i to each product u classified by use that uses or discharges lead, for example, for each product in the 411 sector, lead by air, water, and soil A matrix E ′ of 3 rows and 411 columns representing the discharge amount is obtained.
[0110]
FIG. 19B shows a part of the matrix E ′.
[0111]
As explained above, the matrix A 'showing the input coefficient between each department (product) classified by use and the lead emissions by air, water, and soil of each branch (product) classified by use When the expressed matrix E ′ is obtained, the lead emission basic unit ε is then calculated from the above equation (2) (step S7 in FIG. 3).
[0112]
First, based on the matrix A ′, the inverse matrix coefficient matrix (I−A ′) ^-1 Ask for. By using the matrix A ′, it is possible to limit the input destinations of the lead-related departments to the departments that are actually input, and it is possible to express the ripple effect on the domestic industry that is more realistic.
[0113]
FIG. 21 shows the result of calculating the lead emission basic unit ε using the above formula (2).
[0114]
In FIG. 21, for some departments of the 411 classifications according to the above-mentioned usage classifications, the products (goods / services) classified according to the usage classification corresponding to each department are discharged by one unit for each air, water, and soil. Lead emissions are shown in tabular form.
[0115]
The second storage unit 26, as shown in FIG. 21, for example, represents the lead discharge amount per unit of air, water area, and soil for each department of the classification by use of 411 departments in total. Store column row example εk.
[0116]
(Product evaluation)
Next, FIG. 6 shows a processing operation for the environmental load evaluation apparatus of FIG. 1 to calculate the lead emission amount related to the entire life cycle of the product using the emission basic unit εk calculated as described above. This will be described with reference to a flowchart. This operation is executed by a computer including the arithmetic unit 7 in accordance with a program transferred from the external storage device 8 to the memory 9 (an input / output program corresponding to the input / output unit 11, a product evaluation program corresponding to the product evaluation unit 15, etc.) The processing result is displayed on the display device 4.
[0117]
Here, for example, a case where the lead emission amount related to the entire life cycle of a notebook personal computer (notebook PC) is calculated using the I / O method will be described as an example.
[0118]
The I / O method for calculating the emission amount of, for example, carbon dioxide throughout the product life cycle using the emission unit ε according to the I / O table classification of 397 departments is a publicly known public method. . In the present embodiment, as described above, for each environmental pollutant such as lead, based on the emission data of environmental pollutants such as lead discharged from each office such as PRTR data, the environmental pollution Using the emission intensity by classification, which is more detailed than the I / O table classification (for example, each department of the I / O table classification by use). The I / O method is used to calculate the amount of discharge of the environmental pollutant of the product to be evaluated that is passed through the entire life cycle.
[0119]
First, input amounts of raw materials and energy input at each stage st in the life cycle of the notebook personal computer to be evaluated are input from the second input unit 27 for each department in the application-specific classification (step S31).
[0120]
In the life cycle, there are a material procurement stage (st = 1), a production stage (st = 2), a distribution stage (st = 3), a use stage (st = 4), and a disposal stage (st = 5). Data representing the input amount for each department in the stage (st) (that is, a matrix of 411 rows and 1 column) is referred to herein as an input amount matrix IDst.
[0121]
In the product evaluation unit 28, as shown in FIG. 22, for example, the matrix ε representing the lead emission unit is multiplied by the input amount matrix of each stage st, and the atmosphere, water area, soil for each stage st A discharge amount matrix ODst representing another discharge amount is obtained (step S32). Here, lead emissions are calculated at each stage of the product life cycle. Using ε, the lead emission calculated as shown in FIG. 22 is referred to as indirect emission (background data).
[0122]
For the amount directly discharged from the product life cycle, that is, the direct discharge amount (foreground data), for example, the discharge amount corresponding to the amount of lead contained in the product to be evaluated is counted in the manufacturing stage and the disposal stage.
[0123]
Hereinafter, a method for calculating the indirect emission amount and the direct emission amount at each stage will be described.
[0124]
[1] Material procurement stage
In the material procurement stage, the environmental load is calculated based on the component configuration and material configuration of the product to be evaluated. In the case of a notebook PC, it is comprised from units, such as a housing | casing, HDD, FDD, and LCD, and each unit is comprised from iron, copper, aluminum, resin, an electronic component, etc. By multiplying the input matrix ID (st = 1) representing such various material usage [g] and the lead emission basic unit ε [g / g], it is classified by atmosphere, water area, and soil at the material procurement stage. Of indirect lead emissions.
[0125]
[2] Manufacturing stage
In the notebook PC assembly process, the amount of energy input, such as electric power, industrial water, gas, and heavy oil, and the amount of auxiliary materials used, such as solder, cardboard, and wood, are determined, and the input amount matrix ID (st = 2) representing these input amounts And the lead emission basic unit ε, the indirect discharge amount of lead by air, water, and soil in the manufacturing process is calculated.
[0126]
In addition, PRTR data can be applied as it is for the amount of lead directly discharged in the manufacturing process (direct discharge amount of lead). By calculating the ratio between the amount of release into the environment and the amount of lead consumed in the PRTR data, for example, the amount of release into the environment is estimated from the amount of solder used in the notebook PC. For example, according to the environmental report of Company A's B office, 0.0% of the lead content of the product is discharged into the atmosphere and public water, and there is no discharge into the soil. Therefore, the direct emission amount in the manufacturing stage is set to “0” here.
[0127]
[3] Distribution stage
By multiplying the input matrix ID (st = 3) indicating the fuel consumption of trucks and trains used when products are transported from the factory to consumers and the lead emission intensity ε, the air in the distribution stage Calculate indirect lead emissions by water and soil.
[0128]
[4] Use stage
First, the total power consumption during the usage period is obtained. For example, if the usage period is 4 years, corporate use is 8 hours / day, 240 days / year, personal use is 5 hours / day, 360 days / year, and the ratio of corporate use to personal use is 7: 3. From the power consumption [W] of the product, the total power consumption for 4 years is obtained. By multiplying the input matrix ID (st = 3) representing the total power consumption and the lead emission basic unit ε, the indirect discharge amount of lead by air, water area and soil at the use stage is calculated.
[0129]
[5] Disposal stage
At the disposal stage, it is necessary to set the disposal status of the product. For example, if the product recovery rate is assumed to be 90%, and 10% of the uncollected product is set to be discharged into the soil, 10% of the product lead content [g] It can be assumed that it is discharged into the soil. This is the direct lead emission at the disposal stage.
[0130]
The product evaluation unit 28 creates display data based on the calculation result of the lead emission amount of the notebook PC calculated as described above (step S34), and displays it (step S35). 23 and 24 show display examples of display data.
[0131]
FIG. 23 is a display example of display data showing the indirect discharge amount and direct discharge amount of each stage in the product life cycle in a table format, and FIG. 24 shows indirect lead in each stage of the product life cycle. It is a display example of the display data which represented discharge | emission amount in the graph according to the air | atmosphere, water area, and soil.
[0132]
According to FIG. 24, it can be seen that the amount of lead emission at the disposal stage and the material procurement stage is large. Emissions in the material procurement stage are the total emissions until the materials and parts that make up the product are manufactured and processed, and are much larger than in the production stage. At the manufacturing stage, both the lead content and emission rate of a single product are small, so the emissions are small. In the distribution stage, emissions from the fuel consumption of the transport truck are counted, but the emissions per product are very small.
[0133]
Among indirect emissions (background data), the contribution of emissions at the material procurement stage is significant. Compared with the amount of emissions in the manufacturing process, which enables the product manufacturer to accurately manage the emission status, it is discharged on a larger scale in the upstream process. Therefore, it becomes apparent that consideration for the upstream process, such as more accurately grasping the lead content of purchased parts to be contained in the product, is indispensable. With the progress of green procurement in companies, it is conceivable that the status of emissions and the reduction of emissions will be promoted upstream from the company's own processes.
[0134]
As described above, according to the above-described embodiment, the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant for each department in the I / O table classification is obtained based on the discharge data of the environmental pollutant collected in the PRTR system. . Then, the I / O table classification is subdivided according to use, for example, and the emission amount of the environmental pollutant for each department on the I / O table classification is allocated to each department on the detailed use classification. In addition to calculating E ′, a matrix A ′ is calculated by allocating an input coefficient between each department on the I / O table classification to each department on the application-specific classification. The emission unit εk of the environmental pollutant k is calculated from the matrix E ′ and the matrix A ′ using the above equation (2).
[0135]
The amount of environmental pollutant k emissions (indirect emissions) in the product life cycle is the amount of input for each sector in the above-mentioned classification of raw materials and energy (by each stage) in the life cycle (by each stage). It can be calculated by multiplying the matrix.
[0136]
In this way, by correlating PRTR data and I / O tables, the emission intensity of various environmental pollutants can be easily calculated, and various environmental load emissions can be grasped throughout the life cycle of products and services. be able to. In addition, based on the calculation result, it is possible to realize the design / development of products / services with reduced environmental loads throughout the life cycle.
[0137]
The method of the present invention described in the embodiment of the present invention is a program that can be executed by a computer, such as a magnetic disk (flexible disk, hard disk, etc.), an optical disk (CD-ROM, DVD, etc.), a semiconductor memory, etc. It can be stored in a medium and distributed.
[0138]
Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of components disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, constituent elements over different embodiments may be appropriately combined.
[0139]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the product life is based on the data (for example, PRTR data) representing the emission amount of the environmental pollutant for each department on the classification different from the industry classification in the input-output table. It is possible to easily calculate the emission unit of the environmental pollutant necessary for calculating the emission amount of the environmental pollutant in the cycle.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a hardware configuration example of an environmental load evaluation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a functional configuration example of an environmental load evaluation apparatus.
3 is a flowchart for explaining a processing operation for calculating an emission intensity of the environmental load evaluation apparatus in FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the processing operation of the allocation unit.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the processing operation of the allocation unit.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a processing operation of a product evaluation unit.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of PRTR data representing lead emission as a result of aggregation of PRTR pilot projects in 2000.
8 is a diagram showing the PRTR pilot data shown in FIG. 7 in a matrix format (matrix 1).
9A is a diagram showing a part of the matrix X1, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing a part of the matrix X2.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a part of a code correspondence table.
FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining a matrix X4a that represents a production value for each department in the industrial statistics classification;
FIG. 12A is a diagram for explaining a matrix X4c that represents the amount of input from each department of the industrial statistical subcategory to each department of the I / O table classification, and FIG. The figure for demonstrating the matrix X4d showing the ratio of the amount invested from each department of a fine classification to each department of an I / O table classification.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a part of the matrix X3 for explaining the matrix X3 representing the lead input amount of each department in the I / O table classification.
FIG. 14A is a diagram for explaining a matrix X5 representing the amount of lead input by sector of the industrial statistical subcategory, and FIG. 14B is a diagram of the lead input by sector of the industrial statistical subcategory. The figure for demonstrating the matrix X5 'showing the ratio of these.
15A is a diagram showing a part of the matrix X2 showing the lead emission by each sector of the industrial statistics classification, and FIG. 15B is the sector statistical classification by sector. The figure which was a part of matrix X6 showing the amount of lead discharge | emission, and showed the part corresponding to (a) figure.
FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a part of a matrix X6 representing the lead emission amount for each department in the I / O table classification.
FIG. 17 is a diagram for explaining a matrix E that represents lead emissions for one unit in each department of the I / O table classification, calculated based on the matrix X6 and the production value for each department of the I / O table classification; Figure.
FIGS. 18A and 18B are diagrams for explaining details of a basic transaction table (matrix T) of an input-output table, and FIG. 18C is a detailed basic transaction table. The figure which showed a part of (matrix T ').
19A is a diagram showing a part of a matrix E, and FIG. 19B is a diagram showing a part of a matrix E ′ obtained by refining the matrix E. FIG.
FIG. 20 is a diagram showing the production amount of each department classified by use used for the refinement of the matrix E;
FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining an example of a matrix ε representing the emission unit of lead for each department in the classification by use.
FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a method of calculating the amount of environmental pollutant emissions in the product life cycle.
FIG. 23 is a view showing a display example of an evaluation result when an evaluation target is a notebook personal computer.
FIG. 24 is a diagram showing another display example of the evaluation result when the evaluation target is a notebook computer.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Bus, 2 ... Communication interface (I / F) device, 3 ... Portable storage medium drive device, 4 ... Display device, 5 ... Input device, 6 ... Output device, 7 ... Arithmetic device, 8 ... External storage device, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 ... Memory, 11 ... Input / output means, 12 ... Allocation means, 13 ... Refinement means, 14 ... Emission unit calculation means, 15 ... Product evaluation means, 21 ... First input part, 22 ... Allocation part, 23 ... Refinement unit, 24 ... first storage unit, 25 ... emission unit calculation unit, 26 ... second storage unit, 27 ... second input unit, 28 ... product evaluation unit, 29 ... output unit.

Claims (4)

An environmental impact assessment device that calculates the amount of environmental pollutants discharged in the product life cycle,
A first input coefficient matrix indicating input coefficients among a plurality of industrial sectors in an input-output table, a basic transaction table indicating transaction amounts between the plurality of industrial sectors, and a plurality of subcategories of industrial statistical subcategories. For each unit, the code correspondence table showing the input factor, which is the proportion of each industrial sector belonging to the subcategory, out of one unit produced in the subcategory, and the production value / production amount for each subclass First statistical data to be shown, second statistical data to show the input amount of the environmental pollutant for each industrial sector, third statistical data to show the production value / production amount for each industrial sector, and each industrial sector 4th statistical data showing the production value / production amount for each product category classified by use, and the environmental pollutant emission for each product category classified by use for products belonging to each industrial sector 5th statistical data showing quantity First storage means for storing the, the,
A first input means for inputting a first matrix indicating an emission amount of the environmental pollutant for each of the middle classification departments that discharge the environmental pollutant among a plurality of middle classification departments of the industrial statistics middle classification;
By allocating the production value / production amount for each subdivision of the first statistical data to each industrial sector based on the code correspondence table, each industrial sector is input to the industrial sector from each subcategory A first calculation means for obtaining a second matrix representing a ratio of the input amount / input amount from each sub-classification section to the sum of the amount / input amount;
Based on the second matrix, the amount of input of the environmental pollutant for each industrial sector of the second statistical data is allocated to the subcategory group, so that the total input amount of the environmental pollutant / total A second calculating means for obtaining a third matrix representing a ratio of the input amount / input amount of the environmental pollutant input to each sub-classification section with respect to the input amount;
Based on the third matrix, the amount of the environmental pollutant discharged for each middle classification section of the first matrix is allocated to each of the fine classification sections, so that each middle classification section belongs to the middle classification section. A third calculating means for obtaining a fourth matrix representing an emission amount of the environmental pollutant in each subcategory branch into which the environmental pollutant is introduced;
Distributing the amount of the environmental pollutant in each sub-category of the fourth matrix to the plurality of industrial sectors based on the code correspondence table, thereby releasing the amount of the environmental pollutant in each industrial sector A fourth calculating means for obtaining a fifth matrix representing:
Dividing the amount of environmental pollutant emissions in each industrial sector of the fifth matrix by the production value / production amount for each industrial sector in the third statistical data, thereby producing one unit of production in each industrial sector / Fifth calculating means for obtaining a sixth matrix representing the amount of the environmental pollutant emission per production amount
By allocating the transaction amount of the industry sector of the basic transaction table to the product sector by use according to the production value / production amount for each product sector by use in each industry sector of the fourth statistical data, Sixth calculation means for obtaining a second input coefficient matrix representing input coefficients between different product departments;
Allocating the element values of the industrial sector of the sixth matrix to the product sectors according to the use according to the amount of the environmental pollutant discharged for each product sector according to the use in each industrial sector of the fifth statistical data. Accordingly, a seventh calculation means for calculating a seventh matrix representing the emissions of the pollutants per production value / production of one unit of application-specific products each department,
The 7 matrix, by multiplying the inverse matrix of the matrix second input coefficients matrix subtracted resulting matrix, discharged representing the emission of the pollutants per unit in each application by division An eighth calculating means for obtaining a basic unit;
Second storage means for storing an eighth matrix representing the emission unit of the environmental pollutant in each product category for each use;
An environmental load evaluation apparatus comprising: A second input means for inputting an input amount matrix that represents an input amount of raw materials and energy for each product category by use, which is used in the life cycle of the product to be evaluated ;
A ninth calculating means for calculating the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant in the life cycle of the evaluation target by multiplying the eighth matrix and the input amount matrix ;
The environmental load evaluation apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising: (A) a first input coefficient matrix indicating input coefficients between a plurality of industrial sectors in an input-output table; (b) a basic transaction table indicating transaction amounts between the plurality of industrial sectors; and (c) industrial statistics. A code correspondence table representing an input coefficient, which is a ratio of each industrial sector belonging to the subclassified sector, out of one unit produced by the subclassified sector, for each of a plurality of subclassified subdivisions; ) First statistical data indicating the production value / production amount for each subdivision sector; (e) second statistical data indicating the input amount of the environmental pollutant for each industrial sector; and (f) for each industrial sector. Third statistical data indicating production value / production amount, (g) fourth statistical data indicating production value / production amount for each product division classified by use, in which products belonging to each industrial sector are classified by use, (h ) Product division by use that categorizes products belonging to each industrial sector by use First storage means for storing a fifth statistical data indicating the emission of the pollutants per,
  A first input means for inputting a first matrix indicating an emission amount of the environmental pollutant for each of the middle classification departments that discharge the environmental pollutant among a plurality of middle classification departments of the industrial statistics middle classification;
  First allocation means for allocating the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant for each middle classification section of the first matrix to each sub-classification section;
  A second allocation means for allocating the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant for each subdivision sector to each industrial sector;
  Based on the amount of environmental pollutant emissions for each industrial sector, 1 A third allocation means for calculating an emission amount of the environmental pollutant per unit production value / production amount;
  A first refining means for calculating a second input coefficient matrix representing an input coefficient between product divisions by application;
  In each product category 1 A second refinement means for calculating the emission amount of the environmental pollutant per unit production value / production amount;
  In each product category 1 A basic unit calculating means for obtaining an emission basic unit representing the amount of the environmental pollutant discharged per unit;
  A second storage means for storing the emission unit of the environmental pollutant in each product category;
  An environmental load evaluation method in an environmental load evaluation apparatus for calculating the amount of environmental pollutants discharged in the product life cycle, comprising:
  A first step in which the first input means inputs the first matrix;
  The first allocation means allocates the production value / production amount for each subdivision department of the first statistical data to each industrial department based on the code correspondence table, whereby each subdivision is made for each industrial department. A second step for obtaining a second matrix representing the ratio of the input amount / input amount from each sub-classification to the sum of the input amount / input amount from the department to the industrial sector;
  The first allocation means allocates the input amount of the environmental pollutant for each industrial sector of the second statistical data to the sub-category sector group based on the second matrix, so that the environment A third step of obtaining a third matrix representing a ratio of the input amount / input amount of the environmental pollutant input to each subdivision section with respect to the total input amount / contamination amount of the pollutant;
  The first allocation means based on the third matrix; 1 By allocating the amount of the environmental pollutant emission for each middle classification department of the matrix to each subclassification department, each subclassification in which the environmental pollutant belonging to the middle classification department is input for each middle classification department A fourth step for determining a fourth matrix representing the environmental pollutant emissions of the branch;
  The second allocation means allocates the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant of each sub-classification section of the fourth matrix to the plurality of industrial sections based on the code correspondence table, so that each industrial section A fifth matrix for obtaining a fifth matrix representing the amount of the environmental pollutant emission Tep,
  The third allocation means divides the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant of each industrial sector of the fifth matrix by the production value / production amount for each industrial sector of the third statistical data, In the industrial sector 1 A sixth step for obtaining a sixth matrix E representing the amount of the environmental pollutant discharged per unit production value / production amount;
  The first refining means sets the transaction amount of the industrial sector in the basic transaction table according to the use according to the production amount / production amount of the product category by use in each industrial sector of the fourth statistical data. A seventh step of obtaining a second input coefficient matrix indicating the input coefficient between the product departments by application by allocating to the product department;
  The second refining means calculates the element value of the industrial sector of the sixth matrix according to the amount of the environmental pollutant discharged for each product sector in each industrial sector of the fifth statistical data. By allocating to the product divisions for each application, 1 An eighth step for obtaining a seventh matrix representing the amount of the environmental pollutant emission per unit production value / production amount;
  The basic unit calculation means multiplies the seventh matrix by the inverse matrix of the matrix obtained as a result of subtracting the second input coefficient matrix from the unit matrix. 1 A ninth step for obtaining an emission basic unit representing the amount of the environmental pollutant emission per unit;
  A tenth step in which the second storage means stores an eighth matrix representing the emission intensity of each product category by use;
  Environmental impact assessment method including   A second input means included in the environmental load evaluation device inputs an input amount matrix that represents an input amount of raw materials and energy for each product category by use, which is used in the life cycle of the product to be evaluated. Steps,
  A twelfth step in which the evaluation means included in the slow / fast additional evaluation device calculates the discharge amount of the environmental pollutant in the life cycle of the evaluation target by multiplying the eighth matrix and the input amount matrix; ,
  The environmental load evaluation method according to claim 3, further comprising:

Images