JP3923977B2 - Gateway device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gateway device that is interposed between a wired communication line with few bit errors and a wireless communication line with many bit errors, and that includes communication packet retransmission processing means for the wireless communication device.

Conventionally, a system including this type of gateway device and communication device is disclosed in the following document, for example.
Literature: “Evolution of Wireless Data Services: IS-95 to cdma2000” IEEE Communication Magazine, October 1998, pp.140-149. In FIG. Features are included. A communication device connected to a public data network (Public Data Network) and a wireless communication device (Mobile Station) connected to a wireless line are a relay device (Inter Working Function) that functions as an access point of a public data network, mobile switching It is connected via a center and a base station. The mobile switching center M is equipped with a radio link protocol, and as described in the section “The Burst Mechanism in IS-95-B” on page 144 of the above document, the mobile switching center M A reliable data transmission service is provided by using a retransmission function (ARQ: Automatic Repeat reQuest) between the mobile station and the base station. The retransmission function is a method in which the transmission side repeatedly sends the same data until a reception confirmation that confirms that the transmitted data has correctly arrived at the other party arrives from the reception side to the transmission side. In this way, high-quality data transmission is possible even in a communication line with many errors such as a wireless line.
`` Evolution of Wireless Data Services: IS-95 to cdma2000 '' IEEE Communication Magazine, October 1998, pp.140-149.

  However, when the communication device connected to the public data network and the wireless communication device connected to the wireless line communicate using the TCP / IP protocol, the TCP protocol can be used in addition to the retransmission function in the wireless link protocol. Because the retransmission function is working, the TCP protocol timer times out during retransmission in the wireless link protocol, and the same packet is sent to the public data network side even though retransmission is performed with the wireless communication device. There is a case in which retransmission is performed from a connected communication device, and there is a problem that traffic on a wireless line is unnecessarily increased. In addition, due to retransmission in the radio link protocol, the arrival time of the reception confirmation signal returned from the radio communication device to the communication device connected to the public data network increases greatly. As a result, the value of the TCP protocol timer is increased. It was not set properly. Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide an arrival time of a reception confirmation signal at a transmission source in a communication system that transmits and receives data using a transport layer communication packet having a reception confirmation signal field such as a TCP protocol communication packet. A gateway device that reduces the fluctuations of the wireless communication line and prevents an increase in traffic on the wireless line. The gateway device includes a retransmission processing unit for the wireless communication device and relays a communication packet in the transport layer. This is achieved by providing the mobile switching center or the like.

  The present invention provides a packet relay processing means for relaying a communication packet of a transport layer having a field of an acknowledgment signal, which is interposed between a wired network and a wireless circuit, and a wireless communication apparatus. The present invention relates to a gateway device having retransmission processing means for performing retransmission processing of communication packets according to a procedure.

The invention of claim 1 has a first relay processing function in which the packet relay processing means sets a delay processing timer for each downlink communication packet from the wired network side and transfers it to the retransmission processing means.
In addition, when acknowledgment information for downlink communication packets corresponding to this timer is accumulated in a predetermined list for each timeout of the delay processing timer, a reception acknowledgment signal is created and set based on this acknowledgment information. The second relay processing function is provided.
Furthermore, with accumulating acknowledgment information included in the uplink communication packets of the wireless terminal side or al a predetermined list, the field of acknowledgment signal of the communication packet, rewrites already received confirmation signal is set, this uplink A third relay processing function for sharing the communication packet is provided.

  The invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that the retransmission processing means has a function of limiting the number of retransmissions, and sets the time length of the delay processing timer of the packet relay processing means to a time required for retransmission of the number of retransmissions. . According to the configuration of claims 1 and 2, since the reception confirmation signal is returned to the communication device on the wired network side with a certain delay time, the fluctuation of the arrival time of the reception confirmation signal is reduced, and the TCP protocol or the like The retransmission timer setting will not be adversely affected.

  In the present invention, in the relay processing of the communication packet of the transport layer, the retransmission function for the communication packet of the transport layer and the retransmission function of the wireless channel are separated, and the reception confirmation signal is returned to the communication packet of the transport layer. Since it is designed to share the upstream communication packet as much as possible, fluctuations in the arrival time of the reception confirmation signal at the transmission source can be reduced, and an increase in traffic on the wireless line and further on the wired line network can be prevented. Has an effect.

  Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of a system to which the present invention is applied. A communication device 1 and a wireless communication device 2 are a wired network 3, a relay device 4 that functions as an access point, a mobile switching center 5, and Connected via the base station 6, communicates using the TCP / IP protocol, and exchanges data using communication packets (TCP packets) of the TCP protocol. The gateway device 10 includes a packet relay processing unit 11 and a retransmission processing unit 12 and is incorporated in the mobile switching center 5. Communication from the wired line network 3 side to the wireless line side is called down, and communication from the wireless line side to the wired line network 3 side is called up. The downstream TCP packet input to the mobile switching center 5 is transferred to the packet relay processing unit 11 via the transmission / reception interface on the wired network side, relayed by the packet relay processing unit 11 and transferred to the retransmission processing unit 12. And output via the transmission / reception interface on the wireless line side. The retransmission processing unit 12 transmits an error-free TCP packet to the communication device 2 by a retransmission process with the communication device 2 connected to the wireless line, and receives an error-free TCP packet by the retransmission process. The upstream TCP packet is transferred to the retransmission processing unit 12 via the transmission / reception interface on the radio line side in the mobile switching center 5, and an error-free TCP packet is transferred to the packet relay processing unit 11 by the retransmission processing. 11 is relayed and output to the wired network 3 side via the transmission / reception interface on the wired network side.

  In this embodiment, it is assumed that the communication device 1 and the wireless communication device 2 are communicating using the TCP protocol as a protocol. The TCP protocol is originally a protocol between communication terminals, and will be described first. FIG. 2 shows a configuration diagram of a TCP packet. In FIG. 2, one line represents 32 bits (4 bytes). The TCP protocol is an acknowledgment type protocol. A TCP packet transmitted from the communication apparatus 1 is given a sequence number (sequence) consisting of 32 bits. This sequence number represents the byte position of the data that the TCP packet carries to the wireless communication apparatus 2. For example, if the data up to the byte position “229” has already been correctly delivered from the communication device 1 to the wireless communication device 2, the wireless communication device 2 sends a TCP packet starting from the byte position “230” in the next packet. You will be waiting. In this state, when a TCP packet having a sequence number “230” data with a length of 250 bytes is correctly received by the wireless communication device 2 from the communication device 1, the wireless communication device 2 receives a TCP packet that is expected to be received next. A reception confirmation signal (ACK signal) having the byte position 480 (= 230 + 250) of the head data as the confirmation response number is returned to the communication apparatus 1. At this time, if the sequence number of the received TCP packet is “310” and the length is 250 bytes, the data from byte positions 230 to 309 has not yet arrived at the wireless communication apparatus 2. In this case, since the byte position of the head data of the TCP packet that the wireless communication apparatus expects to receive next is “230”, even if the TCP packet with the sequence number “310” data length of 250 bytes is correctly wirelessly communicated. The confirmation response number of the reception confirmation signal returned by the wireless communication device 2 even when it arrives at the device 2 is not “560” but “230”. Thereafter, when the wireless communication device 2 receives a TCP packet with a sequence number “230” having a data length of 80 bytes, the wireless communication device 2 returns a reception confirmation signal having “560” as a confirmation response number to the communication device 1. This reception confirmation signal is a reception confirmation of two packets. The reception confirmation signal (ACK signal) is an acknowledgment provided by turning on the ACK bit in the 14th byte of the header of the TCP packet transmitted from the wireless communication device 2 to the communication device 1 and using the 4th byte from the 9th byte. The number field is transmitted by setting the byte position of the data expected to be received next. If there is data to be transmitted from the wireless communication device 2 to the communication device 1, the ACK signal is transmitted as a TCP packet without a data portion, if it is combined with a TCP packet for transmitting the data. The communication device 1 is set with a TCP protocol timer. If the reception confirmation of the transmitted TCP packet is not received before the timer times out, the TCP packet is retransmitted from the communication device 1. The packet relay processing unit 11 of the gateway device of this embodiment takes over the processing related to reception confirmation originally performed by the wireless communication device.

  Next, processing of the packet relay processing unit 11 in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 3 is a state transition diagram of the packet relay processing unit 11. The packet relay processing unit 11 has three states of “idle”, “packet reception process”, and “reception confirmation transmission process”. Normally, it is in an “idle” state, and when a TCP packet is received from the transmission / reception interface or the retransmission processing unit 12 or a timeout occurs, the state transits to a “packet reception process” state and a “reception confirmation transmission process” state. When the “packet reception process” and the “reception confirmation transmission process” are completed, the state returns to the “idle” state.

  FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining packet reception processing of the packet relay processing unit 11. When receiving the TCP packet, the packet relay processing unit 11 determines whether it is a downstream TCP packet or an upstream TCP packet. If it is a downstream TCP packet, it is checked whether the sequence number of the packet matches the internal variable ACK_NO indicating the sequence number of the packet that the packet relay processing unit expects to receive next. If they do not match, a packet loss has occurred between the communication device 1 and the packet relay unit, or the order of the arrival packets has been reversed, so the ACK_NO is not updated and the unacknowledged packet memory is stored. Data indicating the packet composed of the combination of “sequence number and data length” is registered, the downstream TCP packet is transferred to the retransmission processing unit 12, and then the state returns to the idle state. When the sequence number of the received packet matches the internal variable ACK_NO, ACK_NO is updated by setting a new value of “sequence number + data length” of the packet in ACK_NO. For example, if the ACK_NO before update is “230” and the sequence number of the received TCP packet is “230” and the data length is 250 bytes, ACK_NO is updated to “480”. Next, if there is an entry in the unacknowledged packet memory, there is a possibility that a receipt confirmation signal for a packet that has not been acknowledged will be sent by receiving this packet. Check if it is in the ACK packet memory. If there is, update ACK_NO. This operation is repeated until ACK_NO cannot be updated. For example, if there are two entries (480, 150) (630, 100) in the unACK packet memory, ACK_NO is updated to “730”. Next, when the timer T1 is not yet set, the timer T1 is set. The timer T1 means the maximum time for waiting for an upstream TCP packet to carry a reception confirmation signal (ACK signal). The ACK signal can be transmitted as a single TCP packet with no uplink data. However, if there is a TCP packet that contains uplink data, it is more efficient to ride the TCP packet and transmit the acknowledgment. . After the timer setting, the packet relay processing unit 11 transfers the received downstream TCP packet to the retransmission processing unit 12 and returns to the idle state. When the received TCP packet is an upstream TCP packet, first, the acknowledgment number field in the 9th to 4th byte fields of the TCP packet is replaced with the value of the internal variable ACK_NO. As a result, the ACK signal can be combined with the upstream TCP packet. Since the carpooling is completed, the timer T1 is reset and the TCP packet is transferred to the transmission / reception interface on the wired network side. When the transfer of the TCP packet is completed, it returns to the idle state.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the reception confirmation transmission process of the packet relay processing unit 11. In the idle state, a timeout occurs when a shared upstream TCP packet does not come even after the time of timer T1 has elapsed. In this case, the packet relay processing unit 11 generates a TCP packet in which the internal variable ACK_NO is set in the acknowledgment number, and resets the set timer T1 at the same time that the TCP packet is transferred to the transmission / reception interface on the wired line side. . In this case, the TCP packet returned to the communication device 1 includes only the reception confirmation signal (ACK signal) and does not include uplink data. Then, it returns to an idle state.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the packet relay means generates the reception confirmation signal for the communication device on the wired network side instead of the wireless communication device. An unacceptable reception confirmation signal can be returned, and unnecessary TCP packets are not transmitted from the wired network side during retransmission processing between the gateway device and the wireless communication device, thereby improving communication efficiency. In addition, since the reception confirmation signal that is not affected by the delay due to the retransmission process is returned, the variation in the arrival time of the reception confirmation signal to the communication device on the wired network side is reduced, and the timer value for TCP packet retransmission Will no longer adversely affect your settings.

  Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. This embodiment has substantially the same configuration as that of the first embodiment, but the packet reception process when using an upstream TCP packet is different. In other words, in the first embodiment, if there is an upstream TCP packet from the wireless communication device 2, the reception confirmation signal of the downstream TCP packet is immediately transmitted to the wired network side along with the upstream TCP packet. In the embodiment, the number of retransmissions in the retransmission processing unit 12 is limited, and the return of the reception confirmation signal is delayed by a time required when the retransmission is performed for the limited number of times, so that the fluctuation of the delay time in the reception confirmation signal return is reduced. It is a thing. In the second embodiment, the retransmission processing unit 12 does not retransmit any number of times until a correct TCP packet is transmitted to the wireless communication apparatus 2, but limits the number of retransmissions and retransmits a predetermined limited number of times. If the TCP packet cannot be correctly transmitted to the wireless communication apparatus 2 even after performing the above, the retransmission operation is stopped, and the gateway apparatus 10 discards the TCP packet.

  FIG. 6 is a state transition diagram of the packet relay processing unit 11 in the second embodiment. The packet relay processing unit 11 has four states by adding “delay processing” to “idle”, “packet reception processing”, and “reception confirmation transmission processing”. Normally, it is in an idle state. When a TCP packet is received, the timer T1 times out and the timer T2 times out, the state transits to each state. FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining TCP packet reception processing of the packet relay processing unit 11. When receiving the TCP packet, the packet relay processing unit 11 determines whether it is a downstream TCP packet or an upstream TCP packet. If the TCP packet received by the packet relay processing unit 11 is a downstream TCP packet, the sequence number and data length of the TCP packet are read, and a delay processing timer T2 using i = (sequence number + data length) as a parameter. Set (i). In the timer T2 (i), when the maximum number of retransmissions occurs in the retransmission processing unit 12, a necessary time is set after the packet relay unit 11 transfers the TCP packet to the retransmission processing unit 12. After setting the timer T2 (i), the received downstream TCP packet is transferred to the retransmission processing unit 12 and returned to the idle state. If the TCP packet received by the packet relay processing unit 11 is an upstream TCP packet, it is first checked whether or not the ACK bit is set in the TCP packet. If the ACK bit is not set, the TCP packet does not carry an acknowledgment number, so the TCP packet is transferred as it is to the transmission / reception interface on the wired network side. When the ACK bit is set, it is checked whether or not the value of the acknowledgment number field of the TCP packet is already registered in the OK packet list. If the value is not yet registered, the value is registered in the OK packet list. To do. The OK packet list is a list of the confirmation response numbers sent from the wireless communication device 2 that have not been sent to the communication device 1 yet. In the second embodiment, this list is provided in order to transmit the confirmation response with a certain delay. Next, the value of the acknowledgment number field of the TCP packet is rewritten to the internal variable ACK_NO. ACK_NO is a value set by delay processing described later. Next, the timer T1 is reset, the TCP packet is transferred to the transmission / reception interface on the wired network side, and then returns to the idle state.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart for explaining delay processing. When one timer out of a plurality of timers T2 (i) with i as a parameter from the idle state times out, it is first checked whether or not the parameter i of the timer that has timed out is registered in the OK packet list. If the packet is not registered in the OK packet list, the TCP packet corresponding to the parameter i is not correctly transmitted to the wireless communication device 2, and the process returns to the idle state without doing anything. If the parameter i is registered in the OK packet list, i is set to the internal variable ACK_NO. Thus, when the packet relay processing unit receives an upstream TCP packet that can be shared next time or when the timer T1 times out, an acknowledgment signal with an acknowledgment number i is transmitted to the communication device 1. Next, if the timer T1 has not been set, it is set, i is deleted from the OK packet list, and then the state returns to the idle state. Thus, in this embodiment, when the number of retransmissions of the retransmission processing unit is limited, the reception confirmation signal is returned to the communication device on the wired network side with a certain delay time. The fluctuation of the transmission time is reduced, and the setting of the retransmission timer of the TCP protocol is not adversely affected.

  Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 9 is a state transition diagram of the packet relay processing unit 11 in the third embodiment. The packet relay processing unit has three states of “idle”, “packet reception process”, and “retransmission registration deletion process”. Normally, it is in an “idle” state, and transitions to a “packet reception processing” state and a “retransmission registration deletion processing” state upon receipt of a TCP packet from the wired network side or a retransmission processing end notification from the retransmission processing unit 12. When processing in each processing state ends, the state returns to the “idle” state.

  FIG. 10 is a flowchart of packet reception processing in the packet relay processing unit 11. When receiving the downstream TCP packet from the wired line side, the packet relay processing unit 11 in the “idle” state checks whether or not the TCP packet is registered. Since the transport layer protocol for communication between the communication apparatuses 1 and 2 is TCP, a TCP packet can be uniquely specified by a pair of a transmission port number and a sequence number. In the retransmission packet registration unit in the packet relay processing unit 11, the transmission port number and sequence number of the downlink TCP packet currently being retransmitted by the retransmission processing unit 12 are registered. The packet relay processing unit 11 reads the transmission port number and sequence number of the downlink TCP packet received from the wired line side, and checks whether it is registered in the retransmission packet registration unit. If registered, the TCP packet is being retransmitted by the retransmission processing unit 12, so the TCP packet is discarded without being transferred to the retransmission processing unit 12, and returns to the idle state. When the TCP packet is not registered in the retransmission packet registration unit in the packet relay processing unit 11, the pair of the transmission port number and the sequence number of the TCP packet is first registered in the retransmission packet registration unit, and then the retransmission process is performed. The TCP packet is transferred to the unit 12. When transfer ends, it returns to the idle state.

  FIG. 11 is a flowchart of retransmission registration deletion processing in the packet relay processing unit 11. The retransmission processing unit 12 notifies the packet relay processing unit 11 of a retransmission processing end notification when the retransmission processing of the downstream TCP packet to the wireless communication device 2 is completed. When the packet relay processing unit 11 receives the notification, the packet relay processing unit 11 deletes the information of the corresponding downstream TCP packet from the retransmission packet registration unit. As described above, according to the third embodiment, when the same TCP packet being retransmitted by the retransmission processing unit is retransmitted from the communication device on the wired network side, the packet relay processing unit discards the TCP packet. As a result, the communication efficiency of the wireless line unit is improved. In this embodiment, the transmission port number and the sequence number are used as information for registering the packet. However, other information can be used if the communication packet can be specified.

  In the above embodiment, a TCP packet is used as a transport layer communication packet communicated between communication devices. However, an RTP packet that requires real-time performance using UDP can be used as a transport protocol. . Also, when relaying communication packets using a plurality of protocols, it is possible to switch whether or not to delay the reception confirmation signal depending on the type of protocol. In the above embodiments, the unit of retransmission processing in the retransmission processing unit is not particularly mentioned, but the retransmission processing unit does not necessarily have to be the entire communication packet received from the packet relay processing unit, and communication packets are allocated to a plurality of segments. It may be divided and used as a unit of retransmission processing. In this case, the retransmission processing end notification to the packet relay processing unit is notified from the retransmission processing unit when the retransmission processing for all the segments is completed. Furthermore, in the above embodiment, the gateway device is incorporated in the mobile switching center, but it can also be incorporated in a relay device that functions as an access point of the wired network, and the connection between the other wired network and the wireless circuit. It can be provided in the part.

Configuration diagram showing an example of a system to which the present invention is applied TCP packet configuration diagram State transition diagram of packet relay processing unit in the first embodiment Packet reception processing flowchart of the packet relay processing unit in the first embodiment Reception confirmation transmission processing flowchart of the packet relay processing unit in the first embodiment State transition diagram of packet relay processing unit in the second embodiment Packet reception processing flowchart of the packet relay processing unit in the second embodiment Delay processing flowchart of packet relay processing unit in the second embodiment State transition diagram of packet relay processing unit in the third embodiment Packet reception processing flowchart of the packet relay processing unit in the third embodiment Retransmission registration deletion processing flowchart of the packet relay processing unit in the third embodiment

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Communication apparatus 2 Wireless communication apparatus 3 Wired network 4 Relay apparatus 5 Mobile switching center 6 Base station 10 Gateway apparatus 11 Packet relay process part 12 Retransmission process part

Claims (2)

A packet relay processing means for relaying a communication packet of a transport layer having a reception confirmation signal field interposed between the wired line network and the wireless line;
A retransmission processing means for performing retransmission processing of a communication packet according to a predetermined procedure for a wireless communication device, and a gateway device having:
The packet relay processing means includes
A first relay processing function for setting a delay processing timer each time a downstream communication packet is received from the wired network side, and transferring the downstream communication packet to the retransmission processing means;
For each time-out of each delay processing timer, when acknowledgment information for the downlink communication packet corresponding to the timer is accumulated in the list , the reception confirmation signal is created and set based on the acknowledgment information . 2 relay processing functions;
When receiving the uplink communication packet from the wireless terminal side, confirm the confirmation response information included in the uplink communication packet,
When included acknowledgment signal, the storing the acknowledgment signal to a predetermined list, the field of acknowledgment signal of the communication packet, conversion example written in acknowledgment signal set created in the second relay processing functions , Send the rewritten upstream communication packet to the transmission / reception interface,
A third relay processing function for transferring the uplink communication packet to the transmission / reception interface when the acknowledgment signal is not included;
A gateway device comprising:
The retransmission processing means has a function of limiting the number of retransmissions, and sets the time length of the delay processing timer of the packet relay processing means to the time required for retransmission of the number of retransmissions.
2. The gateway device according to claim 1 , wherein:

Images