JP3913781B2 - Method and apparatus for controlling the maneuvering behavior of an automobile - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for controlling the maneuvering behavior of an automobile Download PDF

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JP3913781B2
JP3913781B2 JP52722397A JP52722397A JP3913781B2 JP 3913781 B2 JP3913781 B2 JP 3913781B2 JP 52722397 A JP52722397 A JP 52722397A JP 52722397 A JP52722397 A JP 52722397A JP 3913781 B2 JP3913781 B2 JP 3913781B2
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vehicle
abs
trailer
intervention
driving operation
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JP2000504286A (en
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セムセイ、アーコス
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クノール―ブレムセ・ジステメ・フュール・ヌツファールツォイゲ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミット・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツング
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
    • B60T8/17551—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve determining control parameters related to vehicle stability used in the regulation, e.g. by calculations involving measured or detected parameters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1701—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles
    • B60T8/1708—Braking or traction control means specially adapted for particular types of vehicles for lorries or tractor-trailer combinations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
    • B60T8/1755—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve
    • B60T8/17554—Brake regulation specially adapted to control the stability of the vehicle, e.g. taking into account yaw rate or transverse acceleration in a curve specially adapted for enhancing stability around the vehicles longitudinal axle, i.e. roll-over prevention
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/24—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction, e.g. negotiating bends
    • B60T8/241—Lateral vehicle inclination
    • B60T8/243—Lateral vehicle inclination for roll-over protection
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/24—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to vehicle inclination or change of direction, e.g. negotiating bends
    • B60T8/246—Change of direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
    • B60T8/58—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration responsive to speed and another condition or to plural speed conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D37/00—Stabilising vehicle bodies without controlling suspension arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T2230/00—Monitoring, detecting special vehicle behaviour; Counteracting thereof
    • B60T2230/03—Overturn, rollover

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Description

技術分野
本発明は、車輪がロックアップしそうになったとき、過大な車輪スリップを防止するために制動圧力を変化させる、ABS(アンチロック・ブレーキ)システムを備えた車両の運転動作(ドライビング・ダイナミックス)を制御するための方法及び装置に関する。
背景技術
致命的(危険)な状況を早期に回避するために、特定の運転状態のパラメータに従い車両の操縦に(制御か制御システムを通して)介入することは、多くの運転状態において有益である。市場に出回っている多くの製品は、このような方法の既知の実施形態を用いている。
発明の開示
しかし、このような従来技術とは逆に、本発明の目的は、単純な方法で自動車の転倒安定性に関する境界状態を検出する、車両の運転動作の制御方法及び装置を提供することである。
この目的及びその他の目的及び利点は、カーブ路走行時に、(ABS制御システムによって検出された)過大な車輪スリップ及び車両の安定性の減少を避けるために、ブレーキがロックアップする傾向を示すとき、ブレーキ圧力を変更するように、自動車(特に商用車)の運転動作を制御する方法を実行することにより本発明の装置によって達成される。
本発明の実施形態において、カーブを走行している車両の横転安定性の減少をABSシステムを用いて検出するためのABSシステム用の追加のソフトウェアが提供される。
従って、本発明は、車両(特に商用車)が横転する恐れがある危険な状態を避けるのに、特に適している。
特に、商用車(トラック)の場合には、道路及びタイヤの間の大きな積極的な接触により、車両はカーブを曲がる代わりに、同様に横転し得る。
本発明は、この状態を、カーブ路走行中の制動時にABS制御方法を用いることによって(驚くほど単純な方法で)検出する。
本発明の特に有利な改良例(例えば自動制動システム)では、運転者が、例えば凍結路によりロックアップが生じない程、軽くブレーキを掛けた場合、(この場合には)車輪のロックアップは、車両の対応する車輪が路面から僅かに持ち上がっていることを示しているので、警報信号を発生させたり、或いは車両の運転動作を安定させるための介在策を生起させるために、車輪のロックアップが使われる。
ABSシステムの起動は、例えば、電子的に検出することができる。このために、追加の高価なセンサは必要とされない。例えば、横加速度のみが、この目的に適するセンサにより検出され得る。運転安定性(ドライビング・スタビリティ)を増すために、転倒安定性(チッピング・スタビリティ)の減少が検出されたとき、車両の横転安定性(ロールオーバー・スタビリティ)を増大させるために、運転動作の制御が生起され得る。車両がカーブで横転した結果、或いは危険な状態に対応して激しい操舵操作がなされるときに、正に事故が起こるので、本発明の特に有利な用途は、商業用車両分野にある。
本発明の他の重大な利点は、トラクター(牽引車)及びトレーラから成る組合せ車両の場合にある。
この場合には、制御のためのソフトウェアやハードウェアは、単にトラクター上にインストールすればよい。この結果、本発明は、トレーラのABSが運転動作と関連する特別な追加装置を備える必要が無く、ABSシステムを備えたトレーラ(例えばセミトレーラ)を牽引する全ての車両に使用することができる。トレーラのABSシステムのコストは、本発明により影響を受けない。これに加えて、本発明による方法を実施するための装置を備えた牽引車は、トレーラのABSシステムに関係なく多種多様なトレーラと組み合わせることができる。
また、車両がカーブを走行しているか否か、そして危険な状態が生じたか否かを、適切なパラメータ(例えば、横加速度)に基づいて最初に判定するならば、特に有利である。この場合には、車両の運転に対して殆ど影響を有しない僅かなABS介入(例えばトラックのエアブレーキ・システムにおいて、0.5barの制動)が、自動的に行われる。それにも拘わらず、ABS制御プロセスがそのような状態で開始されたならば、問題は、道路の凍結による車輪ロックアップではなく、特定の車輪が路面から持ち上がることによるロックアップである可能性が大である。この場合、例えば、警報信号が運転者に表示されたり、横加速度を減少させるために制動が引き起こされたり、或いは、他の適当な介入(エンジンを絞ったり、操舵すること)が運転動作になされる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
以下、図面を参照して、本発明の実施の形態について、より詳細に記載する。
図面の簡単な説明
図１は、本発明による制御方法の一実施の形態を示すフローチャートである。
図２は、本発明を備えたトラクタ−トレーラ・ユニットの線図である。
図３は、本発明の効果を図示する運転状態を示す。
発明を実施するための最良の形態
図１は、本発明の特に好適な実施の形態を図示するフローチャートを示している。それは、ループ状に進む以下のステップで行われる運転動作を制御するための方法を示している。
A) 初めに、車両の横加速度が常時判定される。すなわち、横加速度は前に検出された境界値を越えているか否か判定される。
B) 横加速度が境界値を越えているならば、可能な最大制動力より小さな制動介入が開始される。この介入は、第一に、車輪が地面から離れて持ち上がっているか否かを検出するのに役立つ(この場合、ABSは低い制動力でも介入する)。
C) 車輪が地面から離れて持ち上がっているならば、ABSシステムが(車輪荷重に従って)応答しているか否かを検出すべく連続的にモニタされる(すなわち、牽引車のプラグ或いはABS弁の電源(電力供給)が測定される)。
D) ABSシステムが応答するならば、警報信号が発生されるか、及び／又は、横転安定性を増すような制御介入(例えば、恐らくABSを消勢させた状態での制動)が車両の運転特性において行われる。
セミトレーラを有するトラクタ−トレーラ・ユニットの場合、カーブを走行している間、トレーラにおけるABS制御介入の開始が車両の横転安定性の減少を検出するために使われる。
図２は、本発明による装置を備えた商業用車両(トラクタ−トレーラ・ユニット)の概略図を示す。商業用車両１は、トラクタ(牽引車)２及びセミトレーラ３で構成されている。トレーラのABS5に接続された、電流を測定するための測定装置４により、ABS制御介入の開始が検出され、検出結果がABS制御装置６に供給されて、対応するソフトウェアやハードウェア装置(符号７；セミトレーラ用のブレーキ圧力調整器)によって補足されて、運転動作を調節することができる。ここで、本発明を用いるために、セミトレーラ３の設計変更が必要とされないことは、明白である。
図３は、カーブを走行している、図２に示された車両を表し、本発明の動作を示している。前に検出された横加速度(例えば、4ｍ／ｓ2以上)が超えられたとき、「僅かな」ブレーキ介入がセミトレーラ(Fb)に対して行われる。これは、横加速度に対して最小限の影響を有する。ABS制御介入が開始されるならば、横加速度を減少させるために、より強い制動が加えられる。
容易に分かるように、制動力(Fb)及び遠心力(Fz)は、車両が横転する傾向に対して安定させる効果を有する力(Fr)を生成する。車両を安定させるために、ABSシステムを(例えば、リレーを用いることにより)遮断することは、さらに有利である。 TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to the driving behavior of a vehicle with an ABS (anti-lock brake) system that changes the braking pressure to prevent excessive wheel slip when the wheel is about to lock up. The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling (driving dynamics).
BACKGROUND ART Intervention (via a control or control system) in vehicle maneuvering according to specific driving condition parameters is beneficial in many driving situations in order to avoid fatal (dangerous) situations early. It is. Many products on the market use known embodiments of such methods.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION However, contrary to such prior art, an object of the present invention is to control a driving operation of a vehicle and to detect a boundary state related to the overturning stability of the vehicle in a simple manner. Is to provide.
This and other objectives and advantages are when driving on curved roads when the brakes tend to lock up to avoid excessive wheel slip (detected by the ABS control system) and reduced vehicle stability: This is achieved by the apparatus of the present invention by executing a method for controlling the driving behavior of an automobile (particularly a commercial vehicle) so as to change the brake pressure.
In an embodiment of the present invention, additional software for an ABS system is provided for detecting a reduction in roll stability of a vehicle traveling on a curve using the ABS system.
Thus, the present invention is particularly suitable for avoiding dangerous situations where a vehicle (particularly a commercial vehicle) may roll over.
In particular, in the case of commercial vehicles (trucks), the large positive contact between the road and tires can cause the vehicle to roll over as well, instead of turning a curve.
The present invention detects this condition (in a surprisingly simple manner) by using an ABS control method during braking on a curved road.
In a particularly advantageous refinement of the invention (e.g. automatic braking system), if the driver brakes lightly so that no lockup occurs, e.g. due to a frozen road, the wheel lockup (in this case) This indicates that the corresponding wheel of the vehicle is slightly lifted from the road surface, so that the wheel lock-up may occur in order to generate an alarm signal or cause an intervention to stabilize the driving operation of the vehicle. used.
The activation of the ABS system can be detected electronically, for example. For this reason, no additional expensive sensors are required. For example, only the lateral acceleration can be detected by a sensor suitable for this purpose. In order to increase the driving stability (driving stability), when a fall of the tipping stability (chipping stability) is detected, driving to increase the roll stability (rollover stability) of the vehicle Control of movement can occur. A particularly advantageous application of the present invention is in the commercial vehicle field, as accidents occur exactly as a result of the vehicle rolling over on a curve, or when intense steering operations are made in response to dangerous conditions.
Another significant advantage of the present invention is in the case of a combined vehicle consisting of a tractor and trailer.
In this case, control software and hardware may be simply installed on the tractor. As a result, the present invention does not require that the trailer's ABS be equipped with special additional equipment associated with the driving action, and can be used for all vehicles towing a trailer (eg, semi-trailer) with an ABS system. The cost of the trailer's ABS system is not affected by the present invention. In addition, a tow vehicle equipped with a device for carrying out the method according to the invention can be combined with a wide variety of trailers irrespective of the trailer's ABS system.
It is also particularly advantageous if it is first determined whether the vehicle is traveling on a curve and whether a dangerous situation has occurred based on appropriate parameters (eg lateral acceleration). In this case, a slight ABS intervention (eg 0.5 bar braking in a truck airbrake system) is performed automatically, which has little effect on the driving of the vehicle. Nevertheless, if the ABS control process is started in such a situation, the problem is most likely not a wheel lockup due to road freezing but a lockup due to a particular wheel lifting from the road surface. It is. In this case, for example, an alarm signal is displayed to the driver, braking is applied to reduce the lateral acceleration, or other appropriate intervention (squeezing or steering the engine) is made into the driving operation. The
[Brief description of the drawings]
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an embodiment of a control method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a tractor-trailer unit with the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows operating conditions illustrating the effect of the present invention.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1 shows a flowchart illustrating a particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention. It shows a method for controlling the driving operation performed in the following steps that proceed in a loop.
A) First, the lateral acceleration of the vehicle is always determined. That is, it is determined whether the lateral acceleration exceeds a previously detected boundary value.
B) If the lateral acceleration exceeds the boundary value, a braking intervention less than the maximum possible braking force is initiated. This intervention helps first detect if the wheel is lifted away from the ground (in this case, the ABS also intervenes at low braking forces).
C) If the wheel is lifted off the ground, it is continuously monitored to detect whether the ABS system is responding (according to wheel load) (i.e., the plug of the towing vehicle or the power supply of the ABS valve). (Power supply) is measured).
D) If the ABS system responds, a warning signal is generated and / or a control intervention that increases roll stability (e.g. braking with ABS de-energized) is likely to drive the vehicle. Done in the properties.
In the case of a tractor-trailer unit with a semi-trailer, the start of an ABS control intervention in the trailer is used to detect a decrease in the rollover stability of the vehicle while traveling on a curve.
FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a commercial vehicle (tractor-trailer unit) equipped with the device according to the invention. The commercial vehicle 1 includes a tractor (towing vehicle) 2 and a semi-trailer 3. The start of the ABS control intervention is detected by the measuring device 4 for measuring the current connected to the ABS 5 of the trailer, and the detection result is supplied to the ABS control device 6 for corresponding software and hardware devices (reference numeral 7 Supplemented by a semi-trailer brake pressure regulator), the driving behavior can be adjusted. Here, it is clear that no design change of the semi-trailer 3 is required in order to use the present invention.
FIG. 3 represents the vehicle shown in FIG. 2 traveling on a curve and illustrating the operation of the present invention. When a previously detected lateral acceleration (eg, 4 m / s 2 or more) is exceeded, a “slight” brake intervention is made to the semi-trailer (Fb). This has a minimal effect on lateral acceleration. If ABS control intervention is initiated, stronger braking is applied to reduce lateral acceleration.
As can be easily seen, the braking force (Fb) and the centrifugal force (Fz) generate a force (Fr) that has a stabilizing effect against the tendency of the vehicle to roll over. It is further advantageous to shut off the ABS system (for example by using a relay) to stabilize the vehicle.

Claims (3)

車輪がロックアップする傾向を示すとき、過大な車輪スリップを防止するために制動圧力を変更するようにした、ABSシステムを備えた自動車の運転動作を制御するための方法であって、
A) 車両の横加速度を決定する過程と、
B) 可能な最大制動力に比べて小さい制動介入を生起させる過程と、
C) ABSシステムをモニターする過程と、
D) ABSシステムが応答するならば、警報信号及びブレーキ圧力への制御介入の少なくとも１つを生じさせる過程と、
を備えることを特徴とする運転動作の制御方法。When indicating the tendency of the wheel to lock up, and to change the brake pressure in order to prevent excessive wheel slip, a method for controlling the automatic vehicle driving operation with the ABS system,
A) the process of determining the lateral acceleration of the vehicle,
B) causing a braking intervention that is smaller than the maximum possible braking force;
C) the process of monitoring the ABS system;
D) if the ABS system responds, the process of generating at least one of a warning signal and a control intervention on the brake pressure;
Control method for driving operation, characterized in that it comprises a. 牽引車(2)及びセミトレーラ(3)を有するトラクタ−トレーラ・ユニット(1)の場合には、トレーラ(3)におけるABS制御介入の開始が、カーブ路走行中の車両の転倒安定性の減少を検出するために使われることを特徴とする請求項１による運転動作の制御方法。In the case of a tractor-trailer unit (1) with a tow vehicle (2) and a semi-trailer (3), the start of ABS control intervention in the trailer (3) reduces the fall stability of the vehicle while driving on a curved road. the method of driving operation by the claim 1, characterized in that it is used to detect. 上記ステップC)における車両の転倒安定性を増大させる制御介入は、ABSを消勢させた状態で制動を行うことであることを特徴とする請求項１または２による運転動作の制御方法。 3. The driving operation control method according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the control intervention for increasing the overturning stability of the vehicle in step C) is to perform braking in a state where the ABS is de-energized.
JP52722397A 1996-01-29 1996-11-19 Method and apparatus for controlling the maneuvering behavior of an automobile Expired - Lifetime JP3913781B2 (en)

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DE19602879A DE19602879C1 (en) 1996-01-29 1996-01-29 Method for detecting the risk of a vehicle tipping over
DE19602879.5 1996-01-29
PCT/DE1996/002199 WO1997028017A1 (en) 1996-01-29 1996-11-19 Method and device for controlling vehicle travel dynamics

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