JP3913621B2 - Solar radiation shielding evaluation system - Google Patents

Description

ここで、τ_ｅ：総合日射透過率
ａ_ｅ１：ガラスの総合日射吸収率
ａ_ｅ２：ガラスの総合日射吸収率
Ｒ_０：外表面総合熱伝達抵抗
Ｒ_ｉ：内表面総合熱伝達抵抗
Ｒ_{１ 、 ２}：ガラス、日除け間の熱伝達抵抗
であり、外表面総合熱伝達抵抗、内表面総合熱伝達抵抗、ガラス、日除け間の熱伝達抵抗の値はガラスデータベース７２、日除けデータベース７３より読み出した値である。また、τ_ｅ、α_ｅ１、α_ｅ２、は、それぞれ（４）、（５）、（６）式により求める。
【００３１】
【数２】

ここで、τ_ｇ：ガラスの日射透過率
τ_ｂ：日除けの日射透過率
α_ｇ：ガラスの日射吸収率
α_ｂ：日除けの日射吸収率
ρ_ｇ：ガラスの日射反射率
ρ_ｂ：日除けの日射反射率
であり、これらの値はガラスデータベース７２、日除けデータベース７３より読み出した値である。
【００３２】
次に、計算部４は、開口部に庇を取り付けた場合の日射熱取得率η_０の補正値である日射熱取得率ηを（７）〜（８）式によって求める。
【数３】

【数４】

ここで、ｆ_１、ｆ_２は、それぞれ（１０）、（１１）式によって求められるｌ_１、ｌ_２、建築物が建設される地域、開口部の方位に基づいて庇データベース７４から読み出した係数である。庇データベース７４は、図１３に示すように、（１０）、（１１）式によって求められるｌ_１、ｌ_２と、各地域１〜６毎に開口部の方位毎に係数ｆ_１、ｆ_２の値が定義されている。庇データベース７４における地域１〜６は、日本列島を６つの地域に分けたものであり、地域条件記憶部２１に記憶されている地域条件に基づいて該当する地域を特定し、対象の係数を読み出して計算に用いる。また、ｙ_１、ｙ_２、ｚは、図１４に示す庇の寸法である。
【００３３】
次に、計算部４は、環境条件記憶部２３に記憶されている建築基準法で定める地域と開口部毎の変数Ｄ、Ｈに基づいて、先に求めた日射熱取得率ηを補正する。日射熱取得率ηの補正値は、日射熱取得率ηに対して採光補正係数を乗算することによって求める。採光補正係数は、変数Ｄ、Ｈに基づき、採光補正係数データベース７５に記憶されている算定式を用いて計算する。このとき、対象建築物が算定式の例外に該当する場合は、採光補正係数データベース７５に記憶されている算定式の例外に基づいて採光補正係数を決定する。
この補正によって、建築物の周辺状況による日陰等の影響を考慮した日射熱取得率を得ることができる。
【００３４】
次に、計算部４は、室内入射日射量Ｊ_ＴＶを、（１１）〜（１４）式によって求める。
【数５】

ここで、η：日射熱取得率
Ｊ_ＤＶ：鉛直面直達日射量［Ｗ／ｍ^２］
Ｊ_ＳＶ：鉛直面天空日射量［Ｗ／ｍ^２］
Ｊ_N：法線面直達日射量［Ｗ／ｍ^２］
Ｊ_ＳＨ：水平面天空日射量［Ｗ／ｍ^２］
Ｊ_RV：地表面反射日射量［Ｗ／ｍ^２］
ｈ：太陽高度［°］
α：太陽方位角［°］
ρ：地表面反射率
であり、地表面反射率ρは、環境条件記憶部２３に記憶されている値である。
【００３５】
また、Ｊ_Ｎ、Ｊ_ＳＨは（１５）、（１６）式により求める。
【数６】

ここで、Ｊ_Ｏ：太陽定数（＝１３５３Ｗ／ｍ^２）
Ｐ：大気透過率
であり、大気透過率Ｐは、気象データベース７１に記憶されている各月の値を用いる。
【００３６】
また、ｈ、αは、（１７）、（１８）式より求める
【数７】

ここで、φ：緯度
δ：日赤緯
τ：時角
であり、日赤緯δ、時角τは各計算時刻から算出することができる値である。
【００３７】
前述した（１１）式によって求められる室内入射日射量Ｊ_ＴＶは、ある日時の値であるので、日付を１月１日から１２月３１日まで変化させるともに、各日付において時刻を０時から２４時まで変化させるのに伴い変化する太陽高度ｈ、太陽方位角α、大気透過率Ｐを変化させて繰り返し計算を行うことにより、毎月の室内入射日量を求める。これにより、室内に入射する日射量の変化を得ることができる。
【００３８】
次に、計算部４は、計算して得られた日射熱取得率及び毎月の室内入射日射量を評価判定部５へ渡す。これを受けて評価判定部５は、コスト計算を行う（ステップＳ７）。ここで計算するコストは、建設コストと空調コストである。建設コストは、選定したガラスと日除けのコストをガラスデータベース７２及び日除けデータベース７３にそれぞれ記憶されている単位面積当たりの価格に基づいて計算する。また、空調コストは、毎月の室内入射日射量と空調負荷データベース８１に記憶されている空調負荷データを参照して、月ごとに必要とする冷暖房能力を計算する。
【００３９】
次に、計算部４と評価判定部５は、計算した日射熱取得率、毎月の室内入射日射量、建設コスト及び空調コストをそれぞれ出力部６に対して出力する。これによって計算結果がディスプレイ表示またはプリンタ印刷される（ステップＳ８）。このように、固定値を入力した場合は、日射熱取得率、毎月の室内入射日射量、建設コスト及び空調コストを出力することが可能なため、入力値である条件値を変更して再度計算を行えば、条件を変えた状態の日射遮蔽効果の相対比較によって効果を評価することが可能となる。
【００４０】
次に、ステップＳ５における判定の結果、各条件値が全て固定値でない場合、最適化処理部３は、地域条件記憶部２１、建物条件記憶部２２、環境条件記憶部２３、最適化条件記憶部２４に記憶している各条件値を全て読み出して、固定値でない条件の値を仮決めする（ステップＳ９）。この仮決めは、例えば、制約範囲内の中間値としたり、最小値とすればよい。そして、最適化処理部３は、仮決めした値と記憶部より読み出した値を計算部４へ渡す。これを受けて計算部４は、最適化処理部３より渡された各条件値と、気象データベース７１、ガラスデータベース７２、日除けデータベース７３に記憶されている値に基づいて、日射熱取得率及び毎月の室内入射日射量を計算する（ステップＳ１０）。日射熱取得率及び毎月の室内入射日射量の計算は、（１）〜（１８）式を使用して計算する。
【００４１】
次に、計算部４は、計算して得られた日射熱取得率及び毎月の室内入射日射量を評価判定部５へ渡す。これを受けて評価判定部５は、コスト計算を行う。ここで計算するコストは、前述した建設コストと空調コストである。続いて、評価判定部５は、計算した建設コストと空調コストを最適化処理部３へ渡し、最適化条件を満たしたか否かを評価する（ステップＳ１１）。これを受けて、最適化処理部３は、逐次線形計画法に基づき最適値が得られた否かを判定し（ステップＳ１２）、最適値が得られなければ、逐次線形計画法に基づいて仮決めした値を変更する（ステップＳ１３）。そして、ステップＳ１０、Ｓ１１の処理を最適値が得られるまで繰り返す。
なお、ここでは最適化処理として逐次線形計画法を用いたが、最適化問題をとくことができる他の方法を用いてもよい。
【００４２】
次に、繰り返し処理によって最適値が得られれば、計算部４と評価判定部５は、計算した日射熱取得率、毎月の室内入射日射量、建設コスト及び空調コスト及び最適化処理によって得られた条件値（庇の寸法、選定したガラス種類、設定した日除け種類）をそれぞれ出力部６に対して出力する。これによって計算結果がディスプレイ表示またはプリンタ印刷される（ステップＳ１４）。また、最適化処理によって求めた庇の寸法、選定したガラス種類、設定した日除け種類は、ＣＡＤシステムインタフェース１０を介して、ＣＡＤシステム９へ出力する。これによって、最適化処理によって求めた条件値をＣＡＤデータに反映することが可能となる。
【００４３】
このように、建物の設計段階において、開口部に取り付けられる日除け等の日射遮蔽効果を容易に評価することが可能になるとともに、逐次線形計画法等の最適化処理を行うことによって、遮蔽効果を高くするための日除け等を逆解析により求めるようにしたため、設計業務の負荷を大幅に軽減することができる。
【００４４】
なお、図１における処理部の機能を実現するためのプログラムをコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録して、この記録媒体に記録されたプログラムをコンピュータシステムに読み込ませ、実行することにより日射遮蔽評価処理を行ってもよい。なお、ここでいう「コンピュータシステム」とは、ＯＳや周辺機器等のハードウェアを含むものとする。また、「コンピュータシステム」は、ＷＷＷシステムを利用している場合であれば、ホームページ提供環境（あるいは表示環境）も含むものとする。また、「コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、フレキシブルディスク、光磁気ディスク、ＲＯＭ、ＣＤ−ＲＯＭ等の可搬媒体、コンピュータシステムに内蔵されるハードディスク等の記憶装置のことをいう。さらに「コンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体」とは、インターネット等のネットワークや電話回線等の通信回線を介してプログラムが送信された場合のサーバやクライアントとなるコンピュータシステム内部の揮発性メモリ（ＲＡＭ）のように、一定時間プログラムを保持しているものも含むものとする。
【００４５】
また、上記プログラムは、このプログラムを記憶装置等に格納したコンピュータシステムから、伝送媒体を介して、あるいは、伝送媒体中の伝送波により他のコンピュータシステムに伝送されてもよい。ここで、プログラムを伝送する「伝送媒体」は、インターネット等のネットワーク（通信網）や電話回線等の通信回線（通信線）のように情報を伝送する機能を有する媒体のことをいう。また、上記プログラムは、前述した機能の一部を実現するためのものであっても良い。さらに、前述した機能をコンピュータシステムにすでに記録されているプログラムとの組み合わせで実現できるもの、いわゆる差分ファイル（差分プログラム）であっても良い。
【００４６】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、この発明によれば、建物の設計段階において、開口部に取り付けられる日除け等の日射遮蔽効果を容易に評価することが可能になるとともに、逐次線形計画法等の最適化処理を行うことによって、遮蔽効果を高くするための日除け等を逆解析により求めるようにしたため、設計業務の負荷を大幅に軽減することができるという効果が得られる。
【００４７】
また、この発明によれば、日射遮蔽効果を建設コストと空調コストによって比較評価するようにしたため、日射の遮蔽効果を直感的に把握することができるという効果が得られる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の一実施形態の構成を示すブロック図である。
【図２】 図１に示す地域データベース１１のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図３】 図１に示す地域条件記憶部２１のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図４】 図１に示す建物条件記憶部２２のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図５】 図１に示す地表面データベース１２のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図６】 図１に示す採光補正係数データベース７５のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図７】 図１に示す環境条件記憶部２３のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図８】 図１に示す最適化条件記憶部２４のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図９】 図１に示す気象データベース７１のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図１０】 図１に示すガラスデータベース７２のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図１１】 図１に示す日除けデータベース７３のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図１２】 図１に示す日射遮蔽評価システムの動作を示すフローチャートである。
【図１３】 図１に示す庇データベース７４のテーブル構造を示す説明図である。
【図１４】 庇の形状を示す説明図である。
【符号の説明】
１・・・入力部、 １１・・・地域データベース、
１２・・・地表面データベース、 ２１・・・地域条件記憶部、
２２・・建物条件記憶部、 ２３・・・環境条件記憶部、
２４・・・最適化条件記憶部、 ３・・・最適化処理部、
４・・・計算部、 ５・・・評価判定部、
６・・・出力部、 ７１・・・気象データベース、
７２・・・ガラスデータベース、 ７３・・・日除けデータベース、
７４・・・庇データベース、 ７５・・・採光補正係数データベース、
８１・・・空調負荷データベース、 ９・・・３次元建築ＣＡＤシステム、
１０・・・ＣＡＤシステムインタフェース[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar radiation shielding evaluation system for evaluating the effect of a shielding object for shielding solar radiation incident on a building.
[0002]
[Prior art]
It is known to install shades such as awnings and blinds for the purpose of shielding solar radiation that enters the building from the opening in the summer. These awnings are generally selected according to the preference of the user of the building, so they are often selected based on the design and color, etc. At present, there is little that is done.
On the other hand, for the purpose of energy saving of houses, the Housing and Architectural Energy Conservation Organization stipulates “Next Generation Energy Saving Standards and Guidelines for Houses”. This standard stipulates a standard for the solar radiation penetration rate of the opening calculated based on the direction of the opening, the type of sunshade, and the size of the eyelid. In order to design and construct a house that meets the next-generation energy-saving standards, it is essential to calculate the solar radiation penetration rate.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in order to calculate the solar radiation penetration rate of the opening based on the prescribed standard, complicated calculation must be performed, and there is a problem that the workload is increased for the architect. Moreover, since the solar radiation penetration rate is a numerical value that is not familiar to users of buildings, there is also a problem that it is not possible to intuitively grasp the solar radiation shielding effect.
[0004]
This invention is made in view of such a situation, and provides the solar radiation shielding evaluation system which can evaluate easily effects, such as a sunshade for shielding the solar radiation which injects into a building. Objective.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  BookThe invention evaluates the shielding effect of solar radiation entering the buildingfor,A weather database in which information related to weather is stored in advance for each region, and attached to the opening of the buildingSolar shadingOpening member database in which the characteristics of the members are stored, regional condition input means for inputting regional conditions for specifying the area where the building is built, the opening of the building, and theApertureBe prepared forSolar shadingBuilding condition input means for inputting a building condition for specifying a member, weather data based on the regional condition, and the openingSolar shading providedAnd a calculation means for calculating and outputting the amount of solar radiation incident on the room from the opening based on the data of the member.In the solar radiation shielding evaluation system, based on the amount of solar radiation incident, the air conditioning cost required for each month is obtained, and the evaluation judgment means for obtaining and outputting the cost of the solar radiation shielding member provided in the opening,In the openingSolar shading providedA constraint condition input means for inputting a constraint condition of the type or dimension of the member, and so as to satisfy the constraint condition,Solar shadingChange the type or size of the memberEither or both of the heating / cooling cost and the cost of the solar radiation shielding member determined by the evaluation judging means are minimized.SaidSolar shadingSelect the type of member orSolar shadingBy selecting the dimensions of the parts,Solar shadingAnd an optimization processing means for optimizing members.
  According to this configuration, it is possible to easily evaluate the solar shading effect such as an awning attached to the opening in the building design stage.
  In addition, since the solar shading effect is comparatively evaluated by the construction cost and the air conditioning cost, an effect of intuitively grasping the solar shading effect can be obtained.
  In addition, by performing optimization processing such as sequential linear programming, the awning etc. to increase the shielding effect is obtained by inverse analysis, so the effect of greatly reducing the design work load can be obtained. It is done.
[0008]
  BookThe invention further includes environmental condition input means for inputting an environmental condition around the building, and the calculation means corrects the amount of solar radiation incident based on the environmental condition.
  According to this structure, the effect that solar radiation shielding evaluation can be performed considering the influence of the surrounding environment where a building is constructed is acquired.
[0009]
  BookThe invention further includes a CAD system interface for transferring the output from the optimization processing means to the building CAD system and transferring information on building conditions from the building CAD system to the building condition input means. .
  According to this configuration, since the data of the CAD system can be diverted, there is no need to newly create input data for evaluating the solar shading effect, and the effect of reducing the work load can be obtained.
[0010]
  BookThe invention is characterized in that the solar radiation incident amount is calculated by multiplying the solar heat acquisition rate in the opening by the solar radiation amount.
[0011]
  BookThe invention is characterized in that the calculation means corrects the solar radiation incident amount by multiplying the calculated solar radiation incident amount by a lighting correction coefficient.
[0012]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, a solar shading evaluation system according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the embodiment. In this figure, reference numeral 1 denotes an input unit that performs an initial input for evaluating solar shading, and includes a keyboard and a mouse. Reference numeral 11 is an area database in which latitude / longitude information of each city and an air conditioner usage period for specifying the area are stored in advance. Reference numeral 12 is a ground surface database in which the reflectance of sunlight is defined for each material of the ground surface. Reference numeral 21 denotes an area condition storage unit that reads a condition for specifying an area where a building is built from the input unit 1 and stores the condition. The code | symbol 22 is a building condition memory | storage part which reads the condition for specifying a building from the input part 1, and memorize | stores it. Reference numeral 23 denotes an environmental condition storage unit that reads and stores conditions for specifying the environment in which the building is placed from the input unit 1. Reference numeral 24 denotes a constraint condition storage unit that reads and stores constraint conditions at the time of calculation for evaluation from the input unit 1. Reference numeral 3 denotes an optimization processing unit that sets an input condition for solving an optimization problem using sequential linear programming or the like. Reference numeral 4 denotes a calculation unit that performs a calculation necessary for evaluating the solar shading effect. Reference numeral 5 denotes an evaluation determination unit that evaluates the solar shading effect based on the calculation result in the calculation unit 4. Reference numeral 6 denotes an output unit that outputs a calculation result in the calculation unit 4 and a table result in the evaluation determination unit 5.
[0013]
Reference numeral 71 is a weather database in which data related to weather for each region is stored in advance. Reference numeral 72 is a glass database in which data of glass that can be attached to an opening of a building is stored in advance. Reference numeral 73 denotes an awning database in which awning data that can be attached to an opening of a building is stored in advance. Reference numeral 74 is a wrinkle database in which coefficients necessary for calculating the influence of wrinkles attached to the opening are stored in advance. Reference numeral 75 is a daylighting correction coefficient database in which daylighting correction coefficients based on the building standard method are defined. The code | symbol 81 is an air-conditioning load database in which the data regarding the air conditioning for calculating the running cost of an air conditioner based on the result obtained by the calculation in the calculation part 4 were stored beforehand. Reference numeral 9 denotes an existing three-dimensional architectural CAD system (hereinafter simply referred to as a CAD system) used for designing a building. Reference numeral 10 denotes a CAD system interface that exchanges data with the CAD system 9.
[0014]
Next, the table structure of the regional database 11 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing the table structure of the regional database 11 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, in the regional database 11, latitude / longitude data, a cooling use period, and a heating use period are defined and stored in advance for each major city in Japan. The cooling use period here is a period in which the daily average outside air temperature is equal to or higher than a predetermined value (for example, 15 ° C.). The heating use period is a period during which the daily average outside air temperature is a predetermined value (for example, 10 ° C.) or less.
[0015]
Next, the table structure of the regional condition storage unit 21 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the regional condition storage unit 21 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the regional condition storage unit 21 is a table that stores data when selected from cities stored in the regional database 11 or input data when an arbitrary value is input. , City name, latitude / longitude, cooling use period, and heating use period.
[0016]
Next, the table structure of the building condition storage unit 22 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the building condition storage unit 22 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the building condition storage unit 22 has an opening number for uniquely identifying an opening for each opening such as a window, the size of the opening, the position of the opening, and the orientation of the opening. The size of the eyelid attached to the opening, the type of awning attached to the opening, and the type of glass attached to the opening are input from the input unit 1 and stored.
[0017]
Next, the table structure of the ground surface database 12 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the ground surface database 12 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, in the ground surface database 12, the reflectance of sunlight is defined for each kind of ground surface. The reflectance of the ground surface is used when sunlight reflects off the ground surface and the influence on the building is obtained.
[0018]
Next, the table structure of the daylighting correction coefficient database 75 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the lighting correction coefficient database 75 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the daylighting correction coefficient database 75 defines daylighting correction coefficients based on the Building Standard Law for each region / district. The lighting correction factor is defined by the calculation formula and the exception of the calculation formula. The variable D in the calculation formula is the horizontal distance from the part of the building directly above the opening to the adjacent boundary line or another building in the same site or the other part of the building. The variable H is the vertical distance from the part of the building directly above the opening to the center of the opening.
[0019]
Next, the table structure of the environmental condition storage unit 23 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the environmental condition storage unit 23 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the environmental condition storage unit 23 is the building standard method selected to specify the reflectance and lighting correction coefficient of the ground surface selected from the data stored in the ground surface database 12. Each of the openings having the opening number stored in the area to be determined and the building condition storage unit 22 is composed of fields for storing the variables D and H described above.
[0020]
Next, the table structure of the constraint condition storage unit 24 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the optimization condition storage unit 24 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the optimization condition storage unit 24 includes fields of optimization conditions and input values. The optimization conditions here are for the purpose of optimization so as to satisfy this condition when optimization is intended, and are contents determined and input by the operator.
[0021]
Next, the table structure of the weather database 71 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the weather database 71 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, in the weather database 71, the atmospheric transmittance of each month is defined in advance for each latitude and longitude. The atmospheric transmittance stored here stores at least the atmospheric transmittance of the latitude and longitude of the city stored in the regional database 11.
[0022]
Next, the table structure of the glass database 72 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing the table structure of the glass database 72 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the glass database 72 defines sunlight transmittance, absorption rate, reflectance, and price per unit area for each type of glass. The price per unit area includes the cost required for installation.
[0023]
Next, the table structure of the awning database 73 shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing the table structure of the awning database 73 shown in FIG. As shown in this figure, the awning database 73 defines sunlight transmittance, absorption rate, reflectance, and price per unit area for each type of awning. The price per unit area includes the cost required for installation. Further, when there is no awning, the transmittance is defined as “1”.
[0024]
Next, the operation of the solar shading evaluation system shown in FIG. 1 will be described with reference to FIG. When the solar shading evaluation system is activated, the input unit 1 displays a message on the display (not shown) instructing to specify the regional conditions for constructing the target building. There are two methods for specifying regional conditions. One is a method of arbitrarily inputting latitude / longitude data and a period for using air conditioning, and the other is a method of selecting from pre-registered city names. The operator selects one of these two methods. And when the method of inputting arbitrary values is selected, the input part 1 displays the input instruction of the latitude, the longitude, the cooling use period, and the heating use period on the display. In response to this, the operator inputs latitude, longitude, cooling use period, and heating use period from the keyboard. On the other hand, when a method of selecting from pre-registered city names is selected, the input unit 1 reads out regional data from the regional database 11 and displays it on the display. What is displayed here is the content shown in FIG. The worker arbitrarily selects an appropriate city name from these. Subsequently, the input unit 1 stores the city name, the latitude / longitude, the cooling use period, and the heating use period in the regional condition storage unit 21 based on the arbitrarily input content or the selected city name (Step S1). S1).
[0025]
Next, the input unit 1 displays a message instructing to specify the conditions of the building to be constructed on the display. There are two methods for specifying building conditions. One is a method of arbitrarily inputting or selecting the value of the condition of the opening, and the other is a method of inputting CAD data from the CAD system 9 via the CAD system interface 10 and diverting it. The operator selects one of these two methods. The conditions that must be entered here are the size of the opening, the arrangement position, the orientation, the size of the ridge, the type of sunshade, and the type of glass. When these conditions are all defined in the CAD system 9, the conditions are specified by inputting CAD data from the CAD system 9 via the CAD system interface 10. When only some conditions are defined in the CAD system 9, only the defined conditions are input via the CAD system interface 10. An undefined condition is input by the operator from the input unit 1. input. At this time, the input unit 1 reads out the selection candidates from the glass database 72 and the awning database 73 for the shade type and the glass type, displays the read selection candidates on the display, and selects the work from the displayed selection candidates. The condition is input by letting the user select.
[0026]
It is necessary to input building conditions for all openings provided in the target building. However, it is not essential to input the size of the ridge, the shade type, and the glass type, and it may be determined by an optimization process described later. When the conditions are determined by the optimization process, constraint conditions are input for these conditions. As the constraint condition, either “no constraint” or “the constraint range” is set. “Unconstrained” means that the size of the ridge is determined, the shade, and the glass is selected by an optimization process without any restrictions. On the other hand, the constraint range is to set a value range and perform optimization processing within this range. For example, the dimension of the overhanging part of the heel is set to “0 to 200 mm”, the type of glass is set to “any of XX glass or XX glass”, the type of awning is set to “Race” Set either “curtain or internal blind”. Subsequently, the input unit 1 stores in the building condition storage unit 22 the dimensions of the opening, the arrangement position, the azimuth, the size of the eaves, the type of awning, and the type of glass input here (step S2).
[0027]
Next, the input unit 1 displays a message instructing to specify the environmental condition of the building on the display. Here, the input unit 1 reads out the type of the ground surface stored in the ground surface database 12, displays it on the display, and issues an instruction to make a selection. In response to this, the worker selects the ground surface around the target building from the displayed selection candidates. The input unit 1 reads the reflectance corresponding to the selected ground surface from the ground surface database 12 and stores it in the environmental condition storage unit 23. Subsequently, the input unit 1 reads out the area / district stored in the daylighting correction coefficient database 75, displays it on the display, and issues an instruction to select it. In response to this, the worker selects a region / district in which the target building is built. The input unit 1 stores the selected region / district in the environmental condition storage unit 23. Subsequently, the input unit 1 reads the opening number assigned to the condition relating to the opening previously stored in the building condition storage unit 22 and the condition relating to the opening, and the variable D (horizontal distance) described above regarding this opening. And input a variable H (vertical distance). In response to this, the operator inputs a variable D and a variable H for each opening. The input unit 1 stores the variables D and H input here in the environmental condition storage unit 23 in association with the opening number (step S3).
[0028]
Next, the input unit 1 displays a message for instructing to specify the optimization condition on the display. However, this message is only when a restriction range is set in the building condition. The optimization conditions include construction cost and air conditioning cost, and either “minimum” or “not specified” can be selected. However, it is necessary to select “minimum” for either or both of the construction cost and the air conditioning cost. Here, the term “minimum cost” refers to determining each condition value so that the selected cost is minimized when the value is determined within a range that satisfies the above-described constraint conditions. For example, if the construction cost is set to the minimum, the size of the ridge, the awning and the selection of the glass should be met so that the specified constraints are met and the construction cost is minimized without selecting expensive glass and awnings. Is done. Further, when the air conditioning cost is set to the minimum, the size of the bag, the awning, and the glass are selected so as to minimize the cost required for cooling and heating. That is, the size of the ridge, the sunshade, and the glass are selected so that the solar radiation is not incident as much as possible in the summer, while the solar radiation is incident as much as possible in the winter. In addition, when both the construction cost and the air conditioning cost are set to the minimum, the construction cost is minimized, and the size, awning, and glass are selected so that the air conditioning cost is also minimized. .
Subsequently, the input unit 1 stores the optimization condition input here in the optimization condition storage unit 24 (step S4).
[0029]
Next, the optimization processing unit 3 determines whether or not a fixed value has been input for each condition when the storage of each condition is completed (step S5). Here, the determination is made based on whether or not “no constraint” or “constraint range” values that are not fixed values exist among the condition values of the input building conditions. As a result of this determination, if all the condition values are fixed values, the optimization processing unit 3 stores them in the area condition storage unit 21, the building condition storage unit 22, the environmental condition storage unit 23, and the optimization condition storage unit 24. All the condition values are read and passed to the calculation unit 4. Receiving this, the calculation part 4 is based on each condition value passed from the optimization process part 3, and the value memorize | stored in the weather database 71, the glass database 72, and the awning database 73, and a solar heat acquisition rate and every month The indoor incident solar radiation amount is calculated (step S6). The solar heat acquisition rate and the monthly indoor incident solar radiation are calculated using equations (1) to (18).
[0030]
First, the calculation unit 4 calculates the solar heat acquisition rate η when there are no wrinkles in the opening.₀Is obtained by the equations (1) to (3). The following calculation is performed in order of the opening number for each opening.
[Expression 1]

Where τ_e: Total solar radiation transmittance
a_e1: Total solar absorptivity of glass
a_e2: Total solar absorptivity of glass
R₀: Outer surface total heat transfer resistance
R_i: Internal surface total heat transfer resistance
R_{1 , 2}: Heat transfer resistance between glass and awning
The values of the outer surface total heat transfer resistance, the inner surface total heat transfer resistance, the heat transfer resistance between the glass and the awning are values read from the glass database 72 and the awning database 73. Τ_e, Α_e1, Α_e2Are obtained by equations (4), (5) and (6), respectively.
[0031]
[Expression 2]

Where τ_g: Solar radiation transmittance of glass
τ_b: Sunshade transmittance of sunshade
α_g: Solar radiation absorption rate of glass
α_b: Absorption rate of sunshade
ρ_g: Solar reflectance of glass
ρ_b: Solar reflectance of sunshade
These values are values read from the glass database 72 and the awning database 73.
[0032]
Next, the calculation part 4 is the solar heat acquisition rate (eta) at the time of attaching a gutter to an opening part₀The solar heat acquisition rate η, which is a correction value, is obtained by the equations (7) to (8).
[Equation 3]

[Expression 4]

Where f₁, F₂Are obtained by equations (10) and (11), respectively.₁, L₂The coefficient is read from the heel database 74 based on the area where the building is constructed and the orientation of the opening. As shown in FIG. 13, the bag database 74 is obtained by the equations (10) and (11).₁, L₂And coefficient f for each direction of the opening for each region 1 to 6₁, F₂The value of is defined. The regions 1 to 6 in the cocoon database 74 are obtained by dividing the Japanese archipelago into six regions, specify the corresponding region based on the region condition stored in the region condition storage unit 21, and read out the target coefficient. Used for calculation. Y₁, Y₂, Z are the dimensions of the ridge shown in FIG.
[0033]
Next, the calculation part 4 correct | amends the solar-heat acquisition rate (eta) calculated | required previously based on the area | region and the variable D and H for every opening which are defined by the building standard method memorize | stored in the environmental condition memory | storage part 23. The correction value of the solar heat acquisition rate η is obtained by multiplying the solar heat acquisition rate η by a daylighting correction coefficient. The lighting correction coefficient is calculated using the calculation formula stored in the lighting correction coefficient database 75 based on the variables D and H. At this time, if the target building falls under the exception of the calculation formula, the lighting correction coefficient is determined based on the exception of the calculation formula stored in the lighting correction coefficient database 75.
By this correction, it is possible to obtain a solar heat acquisition rate in consideration of the influence of shade etc. due to the surrounding situation of the building.
[0034]
Next, the calculation unit 4 calculates the indoor incident solar radiation amount J._TVIs obtained by the equations (11) to (14).
[Equation 5]

Where η: Solar heat gain rate
J_DV: Vertical solar radiation [W / m²]
J_SV: Vertical solar radiation [W / m²]
J_N: Normal surface direct solar radiation [W / m²]
J_SH: Horizontal solar radiation [W / m²]
J_RV: Ground surface reflected solar radiation [W / m²]
h: Solar altitude [°]
α: Solar azimuth [°]
ρ: Ground surface reflectance
The ground surface reflectance ρ is a value stored in the environmental condition storage unit 23.
[0035]
J_N, J_SHIs obtained by equations (15) and (16).
[Formula 6]

Where J_O: Solar constant (= 1353 W / m²)
P: Air permeability
As the atmospheric transmittance P, the value of each month stored in the weather database 71 is used.
[0036]
Further, h and α are obtained from the equations (17) and (18).
[Expression 7]

Where φ: Latitude
δ: Japan declination
τ: hour angle
The declination δ and the hour angle τ are values that can be calculated from each calculation time.
[0037]
Indoor incident solar radiation amount J determined by the above-mentioned equation (11)_TVIs a value of a certain date and time, so that the date is changed from January 1 to December 31, and the solar altitude h and solar direction that change as the time is changed from 0:00 to 24:00 on each date The monthly indoor incident daily amount is obtained by repeatedly performing the calculation while changing the angle α and the atmospheric transmittance P. Thereby, the change of the solar radiation amount which injects into a room | chamber interior can be obtained.
[0038]
Next, the calculation unit 4 passes the solar heat acquisition rate and the monthly incident solar radiation amount obtained by calculation to the evaluation determination unit 5. Receiving this, the evaluation determination part 5 performs cost calculation (step S7). The costs calculated here are construction costs and air conditioning costs. The construction cost is calculated based on the price per unit area stored in the glass database 72 and the awning database 73, respectively, for the selected glass and the awning cost. The air conditioning cost is calculated by referring to the monthly incident solar radiation amount and the air conditioning load data stored in the air conditioning load database 81 to calculate the air conditioning capacity required for each month.
[0039]
Next, the calculation unit 4 and the evaluation determination unit 5 output the calculated solar heat acquisition rate, monthly indoor incident solar radiation amount, construction cost, and air conditioning cost to the output unit 6, respectively. As a result, the calculation result is displayed on the display or printed by a printer (step S8). In this way, when a fixed value is input, it is possible to output the solar heat acquisition rate, monthly indoor incident solar radiation amount, construction cost, and air conditioning cost, so the condition value that is the input value is changed and recalculated. If it performs, it becomes possible to evaluate an effect by the relative comparison of the solar radiation shielding effect of the state which changed conditions.
[0040]
Next, as a result of the determination in step S5, when all the condition values are not fixed values, the optimization processing unit 3 performs the area condition storage unit 21, the building condition storage unit 22, the environmental condition storage unit 23, and the optimization condition storage unit. All the condition values stored in 24 are read out, and a condition value that is not a fixed value is provisionally determined (step S9). For example, the provisional determination may be an intermediate value within the restriction range or a minimum value. Then, the optimization processing unit 3 passes the provisionally determined value and the value read from the storage unit to the calculation unit 4. Receiving this, the calculation part 4 is based on each condition value passed from the optimization process part 3, and the value memorize | stored in the weather database 71, the glass database 72, and the awning database 73, and a solar heat acquisition rate and every month The indoor incident solar radiation amount is calculated (step S10). The solar heat acquisition rate and the monthly indoor incident solar radiation are calculated using equations (1) to (18).
[0041]
Next, the calculation unit 4 passes the solar heat acquisition rate and the monthly incident solar radiation amount obtained by calculation to the evaluation determination unit 5. In response, the evaluation determination unit 5 performs cost calculation. The cost calculated here is the construction cost and the air conditioning cost described above. Subsequently, the evaluation determination unit 5 passes the calculated construction cost and air conditioning cost to the optimization processing unit 3, and evaluates whether or not the optimization condition is satisfied (step S11). In response to this, the optimization processing unit 3 determines whether or not an optimum value is obtained based on the sequential linear programming (step S12). The determined value is changed (step S13). Then, the processes in steps S10 and S11 are repeated until an optimum value is obtained.
Although the sequential linear programming method is used here as the optimization process, other methods that can solve the optimization problem may be used.
[0042]
Next, if an optimum value is obtained by repeated processing, the calculation unit 4 and the evaluation determination unit 5 are obtained by the calculated solar heat acquisition rate, monthly indoor incident solar radiation amount, construction cost and air conditioning cost, and optimization processing. The condition values (the size of the ridge, the selected glass type, and the set awning type) are each output to the output unit 6. As a result, the calculation result is displayed on the display or printed by a printer (step S14). In addition, the size of the eyelid obtained by the optimization process, the selected glass type, and the set sunshade type are output to the CAD system 9 via the CAD system interface 10. As a result, the condition value obtained by the optimization process can be reflected in the CAD data.
[0043]
In this way, at the design stage of the building, it becomes possible to easily evaluate the solar shading effect such as an awning attached to the opening, and by performing optimization processing such as sequential linear programming, the shielding effect can be obtained. Since the awning for increasing the height is obtained by inverse analysis, the load on the design work can be greatly reduced.
[0044]
Note that the solar shading evaluation process is performed by recording a program for realizing the function of the processing unit in FIG. 1 on a computer-readable recording medium, causing the computer system to read and execute the program recorded on the recording medium. May be performed. The “computer system” here includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices. Further, the “computer system” includes a homepage providing environment (or display environment) if a WWW system is used. The “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a storage device such as a flexible medium, a magneto-optical disk, a portable medium such as a ROM and a CD-ROM, and a hard disk incorporated in a computer system. Further, the “computer-readable recording medium” refers to a volatile memory (RAM) in a computer system that becomes a server or a client when a program is transmitted via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line. In addition, those holding programs for a certain period of time are also included.
[0045]
The program may be transmitted from a computer system storing the program in a storage device or the like to another computer system via a transmission medium or by a transmission wave in the transmission medium. Here, the “transmission medium” for transmitting the program refers to a medium having a function of transmitting information, such as a network (communication network) such as the Internet or a communication line (communication line) such as a telephone line. The program may be for realizing a part of the functions described above. Furthermore, what can implement | achieve the function mentioned above in combination with the program already recorded on the computer system, and what is called a difference file (difference program) may be sufficient.
[0046]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to easily evaluate the solar shading effect such as the sunshade attached to the opening in the building design stage, and to perform optimization processing such as sequential linear programming. By performing the above, an awning or the like for increasing the shielding effect is obtained by inverse analysis, so that it is possible to greatly reduce the load of the design work.
[0047]
Moreover, according to this invention, since the solar radiation shielding effect was compared and evaluated by the construction cost and the air conditioning cost, the solar radiation shielding effect can be intuitively grasped.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of a regional database 11 shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of a regional condition storage unit 21 shown in FIG.
4 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of a building condition storage unit 22 shown in FIG.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the ground surface database 12 shown in FIG. 1;
6 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of a lighting correction coefficient database 75 shown in FIG. 1; FIG.
7 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the environmental condition storage unit 23 shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the optimization condition storage unit 24 shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the weather database 71 shown in FIG. 1;
10 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the glass database 72 shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of the awning database 73 shown in FIG. 1;
12 is a flowchart showing the operation of the solar shading evaluation system shown in FIG.
13 is an explanatory diagram showing a table structure of a bag database 74 shown in FIG. 1. FIG.
FIG. 14 is an explanatory diagram showing the shape of a ridge.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 ... input unit, 11 ... regional database,
12 ... Ground surface database, 21 ... Regional condition storage unit,
22 .. Building condition storage unit, 23... Environmental condition storage unit,
24 ... optimization condition storage unit, 3 ... optimization processing unit,
4 ... calculation part, 5 ... evaluation judgment part,
6 ... Output unit, 71 ... Weather database,
72 ... Glass database, 73 ... Awning database,
74 ... 庇 database, 75 ... lighting correction coefficient database,
81 ... Air conditioning load database, 9 ... 3D architectural CAD system,
10 ... CAD system interface

Claims (5)

In order to evaluate the shielding effect of solar radiation entering the building ,
A weather database in which weather-related information is stored in advance for each region;
An opening member database in which the characteristics of the solar radiation shielding member attached to the opening of the building are stored,
An area condition input means for inputting an area condition for specifying an area where the building is built; and
Building condition input means for inputting building conditions for specifying an opening of the building and a solar shading member provided in the opening ;
A solar shading evaluation comprising: meteorological data based on the regional conditions; and calculation means for calculating and outputting the amount of solar radiation incident on the room from the opening based on the data of the solar shading member provided in the opening. A system,
Based on the amount of incident solar radiation, as well as determining the heating and cooling costs necessary for each month, evaluation determination means for obtaining and outputting the cost of the solar radiation shielding member provided in the opening,
Restriction condition input means for inputting a restriction condition of the type or size of the solar radiation shielding member provided in the opening,
While changing the type or size of the solar shading member so as to satisfy the constraint conditions, the air conditioning cost and the solar shading cost are repeatedly determined by the evaluation judging means, and the air conditioning cost obtained by the evaluation judging means Optimization process for optimizing the solar shading member by selecting the type of the solar shading member that minimizes either or both of the costs of the solar shading member, or selecting the size of the solar shading member. sunlight shielding evaluation system, characterized in that it further includes a means. An environmental condition input means for inputting environmental conditions around the building is built;
The solar radiation shielding evaluation system according to claim 1, wherein the calculation unit corrects the amount of solar radiation incident based on the environmental condition. 3. A CAD system interface for delivering an output from the optimization processing means to a building CAD system and delivering information on building conditions from the building CAD system to the building condition input means. solar radiation shielding evaluation system according to.   The solar radiation shielding evaluation system according to claim 1, wherein the solar radiation incident amount is calculated by multiplying the solar heat acquisition rate in the opening by the solar radiation amount. The solar radiation shielding evaluation system according to claim 2 , wherein the calculation means corrects the solar radiation incident amount by multiplying the calculated solar radiation incident amount by a lighting correction coefficient.

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