JP3908210B2 - Facility for preventing environmental emission of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins and its environmental emission prevention method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technology for handling or treating polychlorinated biphenyls, and environmental emissions of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins for preventing external discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins generated from polychlorinated biphenyls by fire. The present invention relates to prevention facilities and their environmental emission prevention methods.

  PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl) is a chemical substance that excels in stability, insulation, electrical properties, etc. About 70% of the amount of PCB used is in places with a high risk of fire, such as power plants, vehicles (subways and Used for electrical equipment such as Shinkansen, ships, mines and underground facilities, and used as non-combustible insulating oil. Other PCBs were used in a wide range of applications such as heating media in various chemical and food industries, heating media for heating and cooling processes, plasticizers for electric wires and resins, solvents for paints and carbonless paper, and agrochemical efficacy extenders.

  PCBs are discharged by wastewater or air discharge from manufacturing / use factories, disposal or incineration of products containing PCBs, leakage from treatment plants or storage locations (damage of storage containers, natural disasters such as earthquakes), and illegal dumping, etc. Released into the environment. PCBs discharged into the environment cause low mud in the ocean and rivers, soil contamination, biological contamination, and other environmental contamination. Furthermore, incomplete incineration of PCBs produces dioxins such as highly toxic Co-PCB (coplanar polychlorinated biphenyl) and PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzofuran).

  PCBs were prohibited from being manufactured and used because the dangers of PCBs were pointed out in terms of environmental pollution and toxicity, and damage to the environment and the human body was actually confirmed. However, PCB, oil containing PCB or PCB is applied, soaked, adhered, or encapsulated material becomes waste (hereinafter referred to as “PCB waste”). There are still tens of thousands of tons. Examples of the detoxification treatment method for PCB waste include a thermochemical decomposition method, a physicochemical decomposition method, an ultraviolet (or radiation) irradiation decomposition method, or a microbial decomposition method.

  The detoxification treatment of PCB waste by the thermochemical decomposition method is the most economical and is the most frequently used method internationally. However, since it is necessary to completely incinerate PCB at about 1400 ° C. or higher in an incinerator, it is necessary to maintain the high temperature conditions in the incinerator uniformly and stably. If incineration is performed under temperature conditions that are not sufficiently maintained uniformly or stably, it may produce highly toxic dioxins, which adversely affects the environment.

  Since the revised Waste Disposal Law was enacted in 1998, it has become possible to detoxify PCB waste by the physicochemical decomposition method. However, most of them are subjected to PCB treatment under a high temperature condition of about 200 ° C. or higher, and may require a high pressure. In addition, there is a method of using metallic sodium directly, but this metallic sodium is difficult to control the reaction, and it is difficult to say that the equipment is sufficient from the viewpoint of safety.

  On the other hand, in the detoxification treatment of PCB by ultraviolet irradiation decomposition method using irradiation of ultraviolet rays (wavelength of about 250 to 300 nm), a gradual decomposition reaction proceeds at low temperature and normal pressure. There has been disclosed a PCB detoxification treatment apparatus that can be detoxified by decomposing PCB at normal temperature and high pressure and with high efficiency, and can reduce the load on the environment (for example, see Patent Document 1). The treatment process by this PCB detoxification treatment equipment includes building treatment, prevention of external discharge, airtight management area, impermeable floor, building negative pressure, local ventilation and construction of treatment system that operates on the safety side, etc. Required by design.

  FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing a detoxification treatment facility for polychlorinated biphenyl waste.

  FIG. 11 shows a PCB waste detoxification treatment facility 1. This detoxification treatment facility 1 is cleaned and separated from a container containing PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid drained from PCB waste in the building 2. A PCB detoxification treatment apparatus that detoxifies the PCB solution obtained through the process, for example, a PCB sampling unit 3 that holds PCB-containing oil and PCB solution and measures PCB-containing oil and PCB solution for one batch process. Have.

  On the downstream side of the processing step of the PCB sampling unit 3 as a PCB detoxification processing device, NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is mixed and dissolved in IPA (isopropyl alcohol) for one batch of deoxygenated treatment, and an IPA preparation solution The photolysis unit 3b which performs primary decomposition by irradiating the mixed solution of the PCB stock solution from the PCB sampling unit 3 and the IPA preparation solution from the IPA preparation unit 3a with ultraviolet rays (wavelength: about 250 to 300 nm). And a catalytic decomposition unit 3c that secondarily decomposes the PCB processing solution first decomposed in the photolysis unit 3b with a noble metal as a catalyst, and neutralizes the PCB processing solution from the catalytic decomposition unit 3c with HCl (hydrochloric acid). Neutralizing unit 3d to be separated and IPA recovery unit for separating and recovering biphenyl by distilling the post-solution of neutralizing unit 3d And 3e, NaCl from the washing water and the NaCl (sodium chloride) produced as by-products within the system of the photolysis unit 3b was collected, IPA, and the washing water detoxification unit 3f to extract the PCB is provided.

Below each unit 3-3 f, primary oil pans 8-8 f, which are primary oil breakwaters, are respectively laid, while the second oil breakwater is almost all over the floor in the building 2. A secondary oil pan 9 is laid. Therefore, even if the IPA leaks from the units 3 to 3f constituted by the tank, the transfer line, etc., the IPA is received by the primary oil pans 8 to 8f and leaks on the floor in the building 2 do not do. Further, even when IPA leaks from the primary oil pans 8 to 8 f, the IPA is received by the secondary oil pan 9, and does not leak on the floor in the building 2. That is, the primary oil pans 8 to 8 f and the secondary oil pan 9 can double prevent the IPA from leaking outside the building 2.
JP 2002-360728 A (Page 11, FIG. 8)

  In facilities that handle PCB waste, fires are the most presumed environmental pollution. The detoxification treatment facility 1 shown in FIG. 11 has a function of collecting the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid leaked from each of the units 3 to 3f, but the fire prevention measures regarding the fire of the collected PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid are as follows. Not taken. Therefore, when the PCB-containing oil leaked from the units 3 to 3f and the combustible oil in the PCB liquid are ignited, the PCB is vaporized and highly toxic dioxins are generated.

  Further, when the oil in the PCB-containing oil in the primary oil pans 8 to 8f is ignited, a secondary disaster occurs such that the flames heat the units 3 to 3f and the units 3 to 3f are destroyed. there is a possibility.

  In addition, most of the highly toxic dioxins produced by fire are contained in the soot, the unburned oil residue. This soot is discharged to the outside of the building 2 from the ventilation device, smoke exhaust device and window provided in the building 2, and if an explosion due to a fire occurs, the roof is blown off by the blast pressure, and then discharged to the outside of the building 2 As a result, highly toxic dioxins are discharged into the environment.

  The ventilation device ventilates the air in the building during normal operation or failure. An exhaust gas treatment device that treats toxic gases such as PCBs and organic solvents may be attached to the ventilator itself, but no special measures are taken against the discharge of dioxins generated by fire. Therefore, when a fire occurs and the ventilator stops or breaks down, soot containing PCBs and dioxins may be discharged from the ventilator.

  Smoke exhaust devices are obligated to be installed by law, but no measures have been taken against dioxin emissions. Thus, when a fire occurs and the smoke evacuation device is opened, soot containing PCB and dioxins is discharged from the smoke evacuation device.

  Therefore, measures for environmental pollution caused by PCBs and dioxins include the prevention of vaporization of PCB-containing oil and PCBs collected in the primary oil pans 8 to 8f and the secondary oil pan 9, and the occurrence of fire, It is necessary to take positive measures to prevent the spread of fire in the event of a fire and to prevent the generated dioxins from being discharged outside the building 2.

  The factors that determine the amount of PCB vaporization are the PCB temperature, concentration, vaporization time, and vaporization area, and the causes of fire are the temperature of the PCB-containing oil and the oil in the PCB liquid, oxygen, and the like. The factors that prevent the spread of fire are the reduction of the size of the flame and the prevention of secondary disasters.

  The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and reduces the amount of polychlorinated biphenyl vaporized and prevents the occurrence of a fire. An object of the present invention is to provide an environment emission prevention facility for polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins that can prevent environmental emission of dioxins and a method for preventing the environmental emission.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention harms PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid drained from PCB waste as described in claim 1. An oil pan is laid under the PCB detoxification treatment apparatus to be treated, and a cooling means is provided in the oil pan that collects the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid leaked from the PCB detoxification treatment apparatus.

  Furthermore, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention is provided with a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the oil pan, as described in claim 2. Features.

  In addition, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention includes, as described in claim 3, PCB-containing oil and polychlorinated salt recovered in the oil pan outside the oil pan. A fire alarm is provided that emits a warning signal when a fire occurs when oil in the biphenyl liquid is ignited.

  The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention is characterized in that, as described in claim 4, a digestive agent spraying means for spraying a digestive agent into the oil pan is provided. To do.

  Furthermore, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention removes the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and the polychlorinated biphenyl liquid recovered in the oil pan as described in claim 5. A vaporization suppression tank to be collected is provided.

  In addition, in the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention, the heat of the flame generated on the oil pan due to a fire is harmless to the PCB above the oil pan. A heat-resistant heat-preventing plate is provided between the oil pan and the PCB detoxifying device so as not to heat the heat treatment device.

  In addition, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention is such that, in the oil pan, a cross section in the plane direction of the oil pan is divided into sections in the oil pan. It is characterized by having a weir.

  Furthermore, in the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention, the plurality of weirs provided in the oil pan are arranged side by side from the central portion of the oil pan. It is designed so that the weir becomes higher in order toward the.

  In addition, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention has a ratio of the long side to the short side in the plane direction of the section of the oil pan of 25 or more as described in claim 9. It is characterized by doing.

  In addition, the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention is inclined so that the outer wall and the weir of the oil pan are inclined upward in the inner direction of the oil pan. It is characterized by that.

  Furthermore, in the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention, the outer wall of the oil pan and the edge of the weir are inclined upward in the inner direction of the oil pan. It is characterized by being refracted.

  In addition, the facility for preventing environmental emission of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention, as described in claim 12, may be opened to the outside in the event of a fire or explosion, Soot capturing means for capturing soot is attached to the smoke device, the window and the roof.

  In addition, the method for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention is the PCB detoxification method for detoxifying PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid drained from PCB waste as described in claim 13. The process of measuring the temperature of PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid leaked from the processing equipment to the oil pan, and the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid are cooled automatically or manually when the temperature of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid reaches the required temperature. And a step of performing.

  According to the facility for preventing environmental emission of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins and the method for preventing environmental emission according to the present invention, the amount of polychlorinated biphenyl is reduced and the occurrence of fire is prevented. While suppressing expansion, it is possible to prevent environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of an environment emission prevention facility for polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention and an environment emission prevention method thereof will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a first embodiment of an environment emission prevention facility and method for preventing environmental emission of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention.

  FIG. 1 shows a waste (hereinafter referred to as “PCB waste”) obtained by applying PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl), PCB-containing oil, or PCB, soaking, adhering, or enclosing the waste. An environmental emission prevention facility (hereinafter referred to as “facility”) 30 for PCBs and dioxins for detoxification treatment is shown, and this facility 30 is a container containing PCB-containing oil drained from PCB waste and PCB liquid, etc. PCB detoxification processing equipment that detoxifies PCB liquid obtained through washing and separation processes from, for example, PCB extraction unit that holds PCB-containing oil and weighs PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid for one batch process 33. The PCB sampling unit 33 is preferably surrounded by a sealed work chamber (not shown) such as a glove box and locally exhausted.

  The PCB detoxification processing apparatus is not limited to the PCB sampling unit 33. For example, NaOH (sodium hydroxide) is mixed and dissolved in one batch of IPA (isopropyl alcohol) that has been deoxygenated to prepare IPA. A photolysis unit that performs primary decomposition by irradiating a mixed solution of an IPA preparation unit as a liquid, a PCB stock solution from the PCB sampling unit, and an IPA preparation solution from the IPA preparation unit with ultraviolet rays (wavelength of about 250 to 300 nm); A catalytic decomposition unit that secondarily decomposes the PCB treatment liquid first decomposed in the photolysis unit with a precious metal as a catalyst; and a neutralization unit that neutralizes the PCB treatment liquid from the catalyst decomposition unit with HCl (hydrochloric acid); An IPA recovery unit that separates and recovers biphenyl by distilling the post-solution of the neutralization unit, and a photolysis unit NaCl from the wash water to the NaCl (sodium chloride) which formed as a by-product was recovered by Mitsurunai, IPA, or in wash water detoxification unit or the like for extracting the PCB.

  The PCB sampling unit 33 includes a PCB temporary receiving tank 34 that holds the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid, a supply line 35 that supplies the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid to the PCB temporary receiving tank 34, and one batch processing from the PCB temporary receiving tank 34. And an extraction line 36 for extracting the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid.

  Also, below the PCB sampling unit 33, there is a primary oil pan 38 which is an oil breakwater for the purpose of collecting the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid leaked from each part of the PCB sampling unit 33 and preventing penetration into the floor. Then, a secondary oil pan 39 having an oil-resistant coated floor and overflowing from the primary oil pan 38 and serving as an oil bank for the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid is laid. The material of each oil pan 38, 39 is made of metal having high thermal conductivity, for example.

  The primary oil pan 38 is provided with a temperature sensor, for example, a contact thermistor 40 that utilizes the temperature characteristics of a semiconductor. The temperature sensor is not limited to the thermistor 40, and may be a contact type such as a platinum resistance temperature detector or a thermocouple, or may be a non-contact type.

  In order to prevent the PCB collected in the primary oil pan 38 from being vaporized, a cooling pipe 41 as a cooling means for allowing a coolant to pass outside the side wall of the primary oil pan 38 is provided at the bottom of the primary oil pan 38. Are respectively provided with a jacket 43 having a coolant line so that the primary oil pan 38 can be cooled. In addition, the material of each oil pan 38 and 39 may be concrete or resin with high heat insulation. In the case of concrete or resin material, a cooling pipe or a cooling fin through which a coolant passes inside the side wall of the primary oil pan 38 is provided. So that the primary oil pan 38 can be cooled.

  Further, in order to prevent the PCB collected in the primary oil pan 38 from being vaporized, a coolant charging means 45 is provided as a cooling means at a position where the coolant can be charged into the primary oil pan 38. The coolant charging unit 45 includes a nozzle 46 for charging water or flame-retardant oil and a solid charging unit 47 for charging ice or dry ice, and the PCB-containing oil in the primary oil pan 38 and Cooling can be directly performed by mixing a coolant such as water with the PCB liquid.

  Further, a fire alarm 48 is provided outside the primary oil pan 38 toward the primary oil pan 38, and the oil in the PCB-containing oil recovered in the primary oil pan 38 is ignited. When a fire occurs, a warning signal is issued.

  And in order to prevent the spread of a fire, the digestive agent spraying means 49 which performs the initial fire extinguishing of a flame is provided. The digestive agent spraying means 49 is provided with a nozzle 49 a in the vicinity of the lower end of the PCB temporary receiving tank 34 at a position where a digestive agent, for example, carbon dioxide gas can be sprayed. The digestive agent spraying means 49 is not limited to carbon dioxide spraying. PCB has a high boiling point, but oil used as a solvent has a lower boiling point than PCB. Therefore, the amount of PCB combustion is small at the beginning of the fire, and as the time elapses, the oil vaporizes and the PCB concentration in the oil increases, so the amount of PCB vaporization increases.

  FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the building 50.

  FIG. 2 shows a building 30 which is a facility 30 for detoxifying PCB waste. In this building 50, a PCB detoxification processing apparatus shown in FIG. 1, for example, a PCB sampling unit 33, is ventilated during normal operation or failure of the facility 30, and air in the building 50 is discharged to the outside. 50, a ventilator 51 for controlling the inside of the chamber 50 to a negative pressure, a smoke evacuator 52 for escaping smoke to save lives in the event of a fire, a window 53 for performing daylighting and observation from the outside of the building 50, A detonated roof 54 is installed.

  Next, the processing operation of the facility 30 will be described.

  A PCB detoxification processing apparatus in the facility 30 shown in FIG. 1, for example, from a PCB supply line 35 provided in a PCB sampling unit 33 for weighing PCB and PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid for one batch processing, to a temporary PCB receiving tank 34. , PCB containing oil and PCB liquid are supplied. In the PCB temporary receiving tank 34, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid are temporarily held, and one batch processing amount of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid are extracted from the PCB temporary receiving tank 34 through the PCB extraction line 36.

  In the facility 30, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid from the PCB extraction line 36 are further mixed with the deoxygenated IPA preparation solution of IPA (isopropyl alcohol) and NaOH (sodium hydroxide) to obtain a PCB treatment liquid. The PCB treatment solution is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to decompose the PCB. According to the ultraviolet irradiation decomposition method of the facility 30, since a slow decomposition reaction of PCB proceeds at low temperature and normal pressure, the PCB-containing oil and PCB contained in the PCB liquid are photodegraded at normal temperature and normal pressure with high efficiency and harmless. Can be

  During normal operation or failure of the facility 30, the air in the building 50 shown in FIG. 2 is discharged to the outside by the ventilation device 51, and the inside of the building 50 is maintained at a negative pressure. On the other hand, the smoke exhaust device 52 and the window 53 are closed during normal operation or failure of the facility 30.

  Here, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid may leak from the PCB temporary receiving tank 34, the supply line 35, the extraction line 36, and the like provided in the PCB extraction unit 33 shown in FIG. The leaked PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid are collected in the primary oil pan 38. Since the boiling point of PCB in the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid recovered in the primary oil pan 38 is about 340 ° C., the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid are cooled so as not to vaporize the PCB. That is, the temperature of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid leaked into the primary oil pan 38 by the thermistor 40 is measured, and when the temperature of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid reaches the required temperature, the cooling pipe 41 is automatically or manually. Then, the coolant is flowed to cool the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid so that they are below the boiling point of the PCB. Further, the coolant is caused to flow through a cooling line provided in the jacket 43 provided at the bottom of the primary oil pan 38 to cool the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid so that they are below the boiling point of the PCB.

  Further, in order to prevent the PCB-containing oil and PCB in the PCB liquid from being vaporized, when the PCB-containing oil is a hydrophilic oil such as alcohols, when the required temperature is reached, the nozzle 46 of the coolant charging means 45 serves as a coolant. Water and ice as a coolant are each gently poured from the solid charging means 47. On the other hand, when the PCB-containing oil is a lipophilic oil such as a hydrocarbon, the flame-retardant oil as a coolant from the nozzle 46 of the coolant charging means 45 becomes a coolant from the solid charging means 47 when the required temperature is reached. Each of the dry ice is added to cool the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid. Cool to below the boiling point of PCB to prevent fires from spreading and spreading. By adding water, ice, flame retardant oil or dry ice, etc. from the coolant charging means 45, PCB containing oil and PCB in PCB liquid are diluted, thereby suppressing PCB vaporization and preventing ignition. Can be realized.

  When the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid are cooled in order for the PCB detoxification processing apparatus to process the PCB, the cooling effect is particularly great. In addition, by setting the temperature of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid below the flammable temperature of the flammable oil, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of fire due to the oil igniting, but the temperature of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid As the vapor pressure decreases, the vapor pressure decreases.

  Next, in the case of a fire that is an accident that is assumed to have the greatest environmental pollution, for example, when the PCB-containing oil in the primary oil pan 38 and the combustible oil in the PCB liquid ignites, A flame heats PCB containing oil and PCB in PCB liquid, and promotes vaporization of PCB. In addition, incomplete combustion of PCBs produces highly toxic dioxins. The vaporized PCB and the generated dioxins are discharged to the outside from the smoke exhaust device 52 and the window 53 that are opened in an emergency such as an accident. Moreover, the vaporized PCB and the generated dioxins are blown off by the explosion, and the roof 54 having an explosion structure is discharged to the outside.

  In the unlikely event that flammable oil in the primary oil pan 38 ignites and a fire occurs, the flame destroys the PCB temporary receiving tank 34, the supply line 35, the extraction line 36, and the like that the PCB extraction unit 33 has. A secondary disaster may occur.

  Therefore, when the oil in the primary oil pan 38 is ignited, the fire alarm 48 quickly detects a fire in the primary oil pan 38 and issues a warning signal. In response to a warning signal from the fire alarm 48, a digestive agent such as carbon dioxide gas is sprayed into the primary oil pan 38 automatically or manually from the nozzle 49a of the digester spraying means 49. Before the fire in the primary oil pan 38 expands, initial fire extinguishing is performed.

  Oil used as a solvent has a lower boiling point than PCB. Therefore, the amount of PCB vaporization is small at the beginning of the fire, and the PCB concentration in the oil increases with time and the amount of PCB vaporization increases. For this reason, in the fire of PCB containing oil, the vaporization of PCB and the production | generation of the dioxins produced | generated from PCB can be prevented by initial fire extinguishing.

  According to the facility 30 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the amount of PCB vaporization and oil ignition are reduced by cooling the primary oil pan 38 and cooling the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid by the coolant charging means 45. be able to. By introducing the coolant from the coolant introduction means 45, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid can be cooled and diluted to reduce the amount of PCB vaporization. Even if oil is ignited and a fire occurs, it is possible to prevent PCBs and dioxins from being discharged outside the building 50 by performing an initial fire extinguishing to prevent the flame from expanding.

  In addition, in the facility 30 shown in FIG.1 and FIG.2, although the cooling operation | movement etc. of the PCB containing oil and PCB liquid which were collect | recovered by the primary oil pan 38 were shown, it is not restricted to the primary oil pan 38, The same applies to the cooling operation and the like of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid collected in the secondary oil pan 39.

  FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a second embodiment of an environmental emission prevention facility and an environmental emission prevention method for polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention.

  FIG. 3 shows a facility 30A for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30A is a refractory heat protection plate on the bottom side of the temporary PCB receiving tank 34 in the facility 30 shown in FIGS. 60 is provided. The heating protection plate 60 is inclined downward toward the inside, so that the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid leaked from the temporary PCB receiving tank 34, the supply line 35, the extraction line 36, etc. do not accumulate on the heating protection plate 60. Yes. Examples of the material of the heat protection plate 60 include metals and ceramics.

  Moreover, the facility 30 connects the bottom part of the primary oil pan 38 laid in the PCB sampling unit 33 and the vaporization suppression tank 61a via the vaporization suppression line 62a for the drain.

  The PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid collected in the primary oil pan 38 are transferred from the bottom of the primary oil pan 38 to the vaporization suppression tank 61a through the vaporization suppression line 62a using the height difference. The PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid can be removed from the primary oil pan 38.

  Or the pump 63 is installed in the primary oil pan 38, and the pump 63 and the vaporization suppression tank 61b are connected via the vaporization suppression line 62b. When the pump 63 is operated, the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid collected in the primary oil pan 38 are transferred from the pump 63 to the vaporization suppression tank 61b via the vaporization suppression line 62b. The PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid can be removed from the primary oil pan 38. In order to prevent fire and explosion, the vaporization suppression tanks 61a and 61b are preferably purged with N2 gas (nitrogen gas) or the like.

  In the facility 30A shown in FIG. 3, the same parts as those of the facility 30 shown in FIG. Also, with respect to the processing operation by the facility 30A shown in FIG. 3, the description of the same processing operation as the processing operation by the facility 30 shown in FIG. 1 is omitted.

  In the facility 30 </ b> A, part of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid leaked from the temporary PCB receiving tank 34, the supply line 35, and the extraction line 36 are collected in the primary oil pan 38 through the heating protection plate 60.

  The PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid collected in the primary oil pan 38 are periodically or continuously collected in the vaporization suppression tank 61a or 61b via the vaporization suppression line 62a or 62b. Therefore, since the vaporization time accumulated in the primary oil pan 38 is reduced, the vaporization of PCB in the primary oil pan 38 and PCB in the PCB liquid is reduced.

  In the unlikely event that flammable oil in the primary oil pan 38 ignites and a fire occurs, the heating protection plate 60 suppresses heating by the flame of the PCB sampling unit 33 or heating by radiant heat from the flame. Therefore, the destruction of the PCB sampling unit 33 is suppressed.

  According to the facility 30A shown in FIG. 3, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid are transferred to the vaporization suppression tanks 61a and 61b, and the residence time (vaporization time) of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid in the primary oil pan 38. The amount of PCB vaporization can be reduced by reducing the size of. Even if a fire occurs, it is possible to prevent PCBs and dioxins from being discharged outside the building 50 by preventing the fire from spreading.

  FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing a third embodiment of an environment emission prevention facility and method for preventing environmental emission of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention.

  FIG. 4 shows a facility 30B for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30B is a primary oil pan 38 laid on a PCB sampling unit 33 in the facility 30 shown in FIGS. Is divided into fine sections by a weir 66. Although the primary oil pan 38 shown in FIG. 4 is divided by the four weirs 66, the number is not particularly limited to four. Further, the weirs 66 may be provided in a lattice shape.

  FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the primary oil pan 38.

  The primary oil pan 38 shown in FIG. 5 shows a cross section of the primary oil pan 38 shown in FIG. 4, and four weirs 66 as partition walls that divide the inside of the primary oil pan 38. Is designed to be lower than the maximum liquid level H of the PCB-containing oil and PCB liquid to be recovered, and so that the weirs 66 become higher in order from the central part to the side part of the primary oil pan 38. The sections partitioned by the weir 66 are referred to as sections S1, S2, and S3 in order from the center to the side.

  Most of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid leaked from the PCB sampling unit 33 shown in FIG. 4 are collected in the section S1 located at the center of the primary oil pan 38. If it continues to be collected in the section S1, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid that have leaked from the section S1 flow out of the weir 66 and into the section S2. Similarly, the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid flow out from the section S2 over the weir 66 to the section S3. That is, the height of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid recovered in the section S1 is the lowest, and the height of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid is sequentially increased toward the sections S2 and S3 and the adjacent sections.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing the dependence of the flame height on the long side / short side ratio.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the primary oil pan 38 shown in FIG. 4 in which the primary oil pan 38 is partitioned, and a rectangular area consisting of the long side and the short side of the partition is defined as a required area, for example, The result when the flame height is measured when the ratio of the long side to the short side (long side / short side ratio) is changed while being fixed at 10 ⁴ mm ² is shown.

  According to the curve shown in FIG. 6, it can be seen that the size of the flame generated in the primary oil pan 38 depends on the long side / short side ratio of the primary oil pan 38. When the long side / short side ratio is large, that is, when the dimensional difference between the long side and the short side is large, the inflow of air into the flame is increased and combustion is promoted, so that the flame height is lowered.

  In addition, the long side / short side ratio of the primary oil pan 38 is preferably about 25 or more. In this case, the height of the flame can be lowered and the expansion of the fire can be prevented.

  According to the facility 30B shown in FIG. 4, even if a fire breaks out, the place where the flame is large becomes the side of the primary oil pan 38 and the unit 33 is crushed to prevent the fire from spreading, so that the PCB and dioxin The discharge to the outside of the building 50 can be prevented. The surface area (vaporization area) of the PCB-containing oil and the PCB liquid can be reduced by dividing the inside of the primary oil pan 38 by the weir 66 into sections such as the sections S1, S2, and S3, thereby reducing the amount of PCB vaporized. it can.

  FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a fourth embodiment of the environmental emission prevention facility and the environmental emission prevention method for polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to the present invention.

  FIG. 7A shows a first embodiment of a facility 30C for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30C is installed in a PCB sampling unit 33 in the facility 30 shown in FIGS. The primary oil pan 38a is divided into fine sections by a weir 66a. By tilting the outer wall of the primary oil pan 38a and the weir 66a toward the inside of the primary oil pan 38a, air flowing from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38a is prevented from entering the oil surface in the event of a fire.

  By tilting the primary oil pan 38a and the weir 66a toward the inside of the primary oil pan 38a, the air flowing from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38a is diverted upward to reduce the amount of air reaching the oil surface. The flame temperature near the oil level decreases.

  FIG. 7B shows a second embodiment of the facility 30C for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30C is laid on the PCB sampling unit 33 in the facility 30 shown in FIGS. The primary oil pan 38b is divided into fine sections by a weir 66b. By refracting the outer wall of the primary oil pan 38b and the edge of the weir 66b so as to be inclined upward in the inner direction of the primary oil pan 38b, the air flowing from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38b in the event of a fire occurs. Keep out of oil.

  By refracting the edges of the primary oil pan 38b and the weir 66b so as to be inclined upward in the inner direction of the primary oil pan 38b, the air flowing in from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38b is deflected upward and the oil By reducing the amount of air reaching the surface, the flame temperature near the oil level is lowered.

  FIG. 7C shows a third embodiment in a facility 30C for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30C is laid on a PCB sampling unit 33 in the facility 30 shown in FIGS. The primary oil pan 38c is divided into fine sections by a weir 66c. By refracting the outer wall of the primary oil pan 38c and the edge of the weir 66c so as to be substantially perpendicular to the inner direction of the primary oil pan 38c, air flowing in from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38c in the event of a fire occurs. Keep out of oil.

  By refracting the edges of the primary oil pan 38c and the weir 66c so as to be substantially perpendicular to the inner direction of the primary oil pan 38c, the air flowing in from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38c is deflected upward and the oil By reducing the amount of air reaching the surface, the flame temperature near the oil level is lowered.

  According to the facility 30C shown in FIG. 7, the amount of PCB vaporization can be reduced by diverting the air flowing in from the side surface of the primary oil pan 38c upward and reducing the amount of air reaching the oil surface. Even if a fire occurs, it is possible to prevent the PCB and dioxins from being discharged outside the building 50 by preventing the flame from spreading.

  Further, in the primary oil pan 38c and the weir 66c shown in the third embodiment of the facility 30C for detoxifying PCB waste in FIG. 7 (c), the worker is on the edge of the primary oil pan 38c. It is also effective as a safety measure to prevent injuries in the event of falling.

  FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a fifth embodiment of the facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins and the method for preventing environmental discharge according to the present invention.

  FIGS. 8A and 8B show a first embodiment in a facility 30D for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30D includes the ventilator 51 and smoke exhaust of the facility 30 shown in FIG. The structure of the soot capturing means provided in the apparatus 52, the window 53, and the roof 54 of the detonation structure, for example, the wire net 72, is shown.

  8A and 8B show a case where a wire mesh 72 is provided in the window 53, for example, and the wire mesh 72 is provided outside the window 53. FIG. Further, it is desirable to reinforce the wire mesh 72 with a frame 73 so that a fire should occur and the wire mesh 72 is not damaged by the blast pressure generated by the fire. The wire mesh 72 is not limited to the case where the wire mesh 72 is provided outside the window 53, and the wire mesh 72 may be provided inside the window 53.

  The metal mesh 72 has a gap of about 0.1 mm, for example. In the unlikely event that a fire occurs in the building 50, most of the highly toxic dioxins generated by the fire are contained in the soot that is the unburned oil residue. When a fire occurs, the window 53 is opened to allow smoke to escape outside, but the soot generated by the fire is captured by the wire mesh 72. Further, even if the window 53 is broken by the blast pressure, it can be recovered by the wire mesh 72, and the fragments of the window 53 containing soot are not leaked to the outside. The soot capturing means is not limited to the wire mesh 72 and may be a cloth filter. In the case of the cloth filter, a fire resistant cloth such as a bag filter for repairing dust in the incinerator or a general cloth filter when the temperature is low. Is used.

  Moreover, in the ventilation apparatus 51, the smoke exhausting apparatus 52, or the roof 54 of an explosion structure, either the wire mesh 72 and the cloth filter, or the wire mesh 72 and the cloth filter are used in combination. In the case of a fire-resistant cloth filter, soot with a fine mesh size of about 10 μm can be captured effectively, but the pressure loss is large and the risk of breakage is large. Therefore, when the blast is small, a fire-resistant cloth filter is effective. Since the metal mesh 72 has a larger gap than the cloth filter, the soot capturing efficiency is low, while the pressure loss is small and the strength is large.

  FIG. 9 shows a second embodiment in a facility 30D for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30D is the same as the facility 30 shown in FIG. The structure of the soot capture means provided in the roof 54 of the detonation structure, for example, the wire mesh 72 and the cloth filter 74 is shown.

  FIG. 9 shows a case where a wire mesh 72 is provided in the window 53, for example. If a fire occurs in the building 50, most of the soot is temporarily removed by an inner cloth filter 74, and further explosion occurs. When the blast pressure is high, large soot is secondarily removed by the outer metal mesh 72. Further, even if the window 53 is broken by the blast pressure, it can be recovered by the wire mesh 72, and the fragments of the window 53 to which the soot adheres are not leaked to the outside. In addition, the cloth filter that has been torn by the blast pressure can be recovered by the wire mesh 72, and the torn cloth filter to which the soot adheres is not leaked to the outside.

  FIG. 10 shows a third embodiment in a facility 30D for detoxifying PCB waste. This facility 30D includes a ventilation device 51, a smoke exhaust device 52, a window 53, and a facility 53 shown in FIG. The structure of the soot capture means provided in the roof 54 of the detonation structure, for example, the wire mesh 72 and the cloth filter 74 is shown.

  FIG. 10 shows a case where, for example, a metal mesh 72 is provided in the window 53, large soot is primarily removed by the inner metal mesh 72, and most soot is secondarily removed by the outer cloth filter 74. The cloth filter 74 is normally folded, and when a fire occurs in the building 50 and an explosion occurs, the folded cloth filter 74 is swollen by the blast pressure and absorbs the blast pressure.

  According to the facility 30 </ b> D shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, if a fire occurs in the building 50, the wire mesh provided on the ventilation device 51, the smoke exhaust device 52, the window 53, and the roof 54 of the detonation structure in the building 50. 72 and the cloth filter 74 can collect soot containing dioxins.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Schematic which shows 1st Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method. The schematic diagram which is 1st Embodiment shown in FIG. 1, and shows a building. Schematic which shows 2nd Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method. Schematic which shows 3rd Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method. Sectional drawing of the primary oil pan shown in FIG. 6 is a graph showing long side / short side ratio dependence of flame height in the primary oil pan shown in FIG. 5. Schematic which shows 4th Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of the polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method. The 1st Example in 5th Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of the polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method is shown, (a) is sectional drawing, (b) is a front view. Sectional drawing which shows the 2nd Example in 5th Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of the polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method. Sectional drawing which shows the 3rd Example in 5th Embodiment of the environmental discharge | release prevention facility of the polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxins which concerns on this invention, and its environmental discharge | release prevention method. Schematic showing a detoxification treatment facility for polychlorinated biphenyl waste.

Explanation of symbols

30, 30A, 30B, 30C, 30D PCB and dioxin environmental discharge prevention facilities 33 PCB sampling units 38, 38a, 38b, 38c Primary oil pan 40 Thermistor 41 Cooling pipe 43 Jacket 45 Coolant input means 48 Fire alarm 49 Digestant spraying means 50 Building 51 Ventilation device 52 Smoke exhaust device 53 Window 54 Roof 60 Heat prevention plate 61a, 61b Vaporization suppression tank 63 Pump 66, 66a, 66b, 66c Weir 72 Wire mesh 74 Cloth filter

Claims (13)

An oil pan is laid under the polychlorinated biphenyl detoxification treatment device for detoxifying the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and polychlorinated biphenyl solution drained from the polychlorinated biphenyl waste, and the polychlorinated biphenyl detoxification treatment device A facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, wherein a cooling means is provided in the oil pan for collecting the leaked polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and polychlorinated biphenyl liquid. 2. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 1, wherein a temperature sensor for measuring the temperature in the oil pan is provided in the oil pan. The oil pan is provided with a fire alarm that emits a warning signal when a fire occurs due to the fire in the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and the polychlorinated biphenyl liquid recovered in the oil pan. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 1. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 1, further comprising a digester spraying means for spraying a digester into the oil pan. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 1, further comprising a vaporization suppression tank that removes and collects the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and polychlorinated biphenyl liquid collected in the oil pan. . Heat resistance between the oil pan and the polychlorinated biphenyl detoxification treatment device so that the heat of the flame generated on the oil pan due to a fire does not heat the polychlorinated biphenyl detoxification treatment device above the oil pan. 2. A facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 1, wherein a heat prevention plate is provided. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 1, wherein a weir is provided in the oil pan so that a cross section in the plane direction of the oil pan is divided into sections. The polychlorinated biphenyl and dioxin according to claim 7, wherein the plurality of weirs provided in the oil pan are designed such that the weirs become higher in order from the center to the side of the oil pan. Kind of environmental emission prevention facility. The environmental emission prevention facility for polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 7, wherein the ratio of the long side to the short side in the plane direction of the section of the oil pan is 25 or more. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 7, wherein an outer wall and a weir of the oil pan are inclined so as to rise upward inward of the oil pan. The facility for preventing environmental discharge of polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins according to claim 7, wherein the outer wall of the oil pan and the edge of the weir are refracted so as to be inclined upward in the oil pan. The soot capturing means for capturing soot is attached to a ventilation device, a smoke exhaust device, a window, and a roof that may be open to the outside in the event of a fire or an explosion. Environmental emission prevention facility for polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins. Temperature of polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and polychlorinated biphenyl fluid leaked from the polychlorinated biphenyl detoxification device that detoxifies the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and polychlorinated biphenyl fluid drained from the polychlorinated biphenyl waste to the oil pan The process of measuring
A step of cooling the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and the polychlorinated biphenyl liquid automatically or manually when the temperature of the polychlorinated biphenyl-containing oil and the polychlorinated biphenyl liquid reaches a required temperature. Dioxin environmental discharge prevention method.

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