JP3874124B2 - Steel plate for heat treatment with excellent oxide scale adhesion - Google Patents
Steel plate for heat treatment with excellent oxide scale adhesion Download PDFInfo
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Description
【０００１】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、酸洗鋼板を大気中又は非還元性雰囲気で加熱したときに生成する酸化スケールが焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理中に下地鋼から剥離しない熱処理用鋼板に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
丸鋸用基板，ギア，ワッシャー等に使用される鋼板は、熱処理特性は勿論、高い寸法精度や良好な表面肌が要求される。そのため、熱処理工程ではスケールに起因する疵の発生を極力防止する必要がある。
通常の熱処理では、熱延時に生成した黒皮スケールが除去された鋼板が使用され、非酸化性雰囲気中で処理されている。しかし、熱処理コストを低減するため、大気雰囲気中での加熱が多用されるようになってきた。大気雰囲気中で鋼板を加熱すると、鋼板表面に酸化スケールが発生する。酸化スケールは、後続する焼入れ時に下地鋼から剥離し、プレステンパー等の次工程で押込み疵を発生させる原因となる。押込み疵がある鋼板では、熱処理後の鋼板表面の研削代が嵩み、作業コストを上昇させる。スケール疵の程度が著しいものは、寸法精度の面から製品として使用できず、不適合になる場合がある。しかも、スケール剥離があると、飛散したスケールによって作業環境も悪化する。
【０００３】
このようなことから、酸化スケールの剥離を防止するため、特開昭６３−１７９０５６号公報，特開平２−３４７９３号公報，特開平２−３８５２２号公報，特開平２−１８５９１５号公報，特開平５−１９５０５５号公報等で酸化スケールの密着性を向上させる方法が種々紹介されている。これらは、熱延過程で急冷により熱延黒皮スケールを薄くし、巻取り温度の低下や非酸化性雰囲気中での冷却によってスケール組成を密着性の良好なＦｅ3 Ｏ4 にしたものである。何れも熱延鋼板状態でのスケール密着性を改善しているが、熱処理時に生成するスケールの密着性については触れられていない。また、表面に凹凸をつけたワークロールによって熱延鋼板のスケール密着性を向上させることが特公平２−１８２３０２号公報に紹介されている。更に、特開平２−１０４６２５号公報では、Ｓｉ含有量を高くすることにより、熱処理時の加熱によるＦｅ3 Ｏ4 からＦｅＯへの変態を抑制している。
【０００４】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
特開昭６３−１７９０５６号公報，特開平２−３４７９３号公報，特開平２−３８５２２号公報，特開平２−１８５９１５号公報，特開平５−１９５０５５号公報等で紹介されている方法は、熱延黒皮ままで使用される製品に対しては有効である。このような製品としては、熱処理を施すことなく切削又は打抜き加工により製品とされる建築用材料，自動車用材料等がある。
しかし、これらの方法は、熱処理用鋼板には不向きである。熱処理用鋼板では、黒皮スケールままでは熱処理時の加熱により表面脱炭が生じることや、酸化スケールが厚くなることによって部分的な剥離が生じることから、押込み疵を発生させるためである。また、酸洗して使用する場合でも、熱延板自体のスケール密着性がよいことから逆に酸洗効率が低下し、スケール密着性のよいＦｅ3 Ｏ4 を除去するために熱処理時のスケール密着性が確保されない。
【０００５】
特公平２−１８２３０２号公報の方法では、ワークロール表面に凹凸を付ける加工が必要とされるため、ロールの製造コストが高くなる。しかも、実際の操業では種々の鋼種を熱延するため、ロールの摩耗を考慮すると安定した製品を得ることが難しくなる。また、鋼種を限定した場合でも、ロール交換に要する時間がかかり、ロール原単位が上昇する。
本発明は、このような問題を解消すべく案出されたものであり、鋼板表層部に形成される完全脱炭層の深さを調整することにより、大気雰囲気或いは酸化性雰囲気中における熱処理時に生成する酸化スケールの密着性を向上させ、焼入れ焼戻しの熱処理工程で酸化スケールが剥離することがない熱処理用鋼板を提供することを目的とする。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明の熱処理用鋼板は、その目的を達成するため、Ｃ：０．３〜１．２重量％，Ｓｉ：０．１〜１．８重量％及びＭｎ：０．３〜２．０重量％に加え、Ｃｒ：０．１〜２重量％，Ｎｉ：０．１〜２重量％を単独又は複合して含み、残部がＦｅ及び不可避的不純物からなる組成をもち、酸洗後の鋼板表面に完全脱炭深さが５〜２０μｍの脱炭層を有することを特徴とする。
なかでも、熱処理時の加熱により生成した酸化スケールの厚みに対する脱炭深さの比を１以上にしたものが好ましい。
この熱処理用鋼板は、特に丸鋸用基板やギヤ，ワッシャー等の焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理を大気雰囲気中の加熱で行う場合に最適な熱処理用鋼板である。
【０００７】
【作用】
本発明者等は、熱延鋼板の表面に形成される酸化スケールの密着性に及ぼす要因を種々調査・研究した。その結果、焼鈍工程で鋼板表層部に形成される完全脱炭層がスケール密着性に大きな影響を及ぼしていることを見い出した。これは、Ｃの低減に伴って軟質化した完全脱炭層が熱歪みや変態応力を緩和する緩衝作用を呈し、結果としてスケール剥離の原因となるクラックの発生が抑制され、スケール密着性が改善されるものと推察される。これにより、大気雰囲気中での加熱によって生成される酸化スケールは、焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理工程で地鉄から剥離することがなくなる。
このような観点から、本発明では、対象とする鋼板の合金成分や完全脱炭層の深さ等を規定している。
【０００８】
Ｃ：０．３〜１．２重量％
熱処理製品の強度を確保するために、０．３重量％以上，望ましくは０．４重量％以上のＣが必要である。しかし、１．２重量％を超える多量のＣが含まれると、セメンタイトの析出を抑えるために熱処理時の加熱温度を下げることが必要とされる。この場合には、熱処理加熱時に酸化スケールの生成が抑えられ、本発明を用いる必要が生じない。通常、焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理に使用される材料としては中〜高炭素鋼板が一般的であり、そのＣ含有量は０．４〜１．０重量％の範囲にある。このような中〜高炭素鋼板に対しては、本発明が顕著な効果を発揮する。
Ｓｉ：０．１〜１．８重量％
Ｍｎと共に粒界酸化層を得るのに適した合金元素であるが、１．８重量％を超えるＳｉ含有量では表面肌が劣化する。他方、０．１重量％に満たないＳｉ含有量は、粒界酸化層を形成させる作用が小さくなる。
Ｍｎ：０．３〜２．０重量％
Ｓｉと同様に粒界酸化層を得るのに適した合金元素である。０．３重量％未満のＭｎ含有量では焼入れ不足が生じ、２重量％を超えるＭｎ含有量では焼き割れが発生し易くなる。
【０００９】
Ｃｒ：０．１〜２重量％
必要に応じて添加される合金元素であり、粒界酸化を促進させて地鉄界面に凹凸を生成することにより、スケール密着性を向上させる作用を呈する。地鉄界面の凹凸生成に及ぼすＣｒの影響は０．１重量％以上で得られ、熱処理時のスケール剥離防止効果が顕著になる。Ｃｒの添加効果は、１重量％を超えるとほぼ飽和する。また、２重量％を超える過剰のＣｒを添加しても、経済的でないばかりか、却って靭性の低下を招く。
Ｎｉ：０．１〜２重量％
必要に応じて添加される合金元素であり、熱間圧延中の二次酸化によって地鉄界面に濃化する傾向を示す。濃化部分は凸状に残り、地鉄界面がミクロ的に凹凸形状になる。その結果、スケールに対するアンカー効果が増大する。このようなＮｉの作用は、０．１重量％以上の含有量で顕著になる。しかし、２．０重量％を超えるＮｉ含有量は、経済的に不利となるばかりでなく、靭性，延性を低下させる原因ともなる。
他の合金元素としては、必要に応じてＭｏ，Ｖ等を含有することも可能である。
【００１０】
完全脱炭層の深さ：５〜２０μｍ
本発明者等は、完全脱炭層の深さとスケール剥離性との関係について数多くの実験を行った。その結果、フェライト組織をもつ完全脱炭層が５μｍ以上の深さになると、熱処理時に酸化スケールが剥離しなくなることを見い出した。完全脱炭層は、熱間圧延後の巻取り温度を高くしたり、箱焼鈍を施すことによって形成されるものである。この完全脱炭層は、地鉄と酸化スケールとの界面に発生する歪みや応力を吸収する層として働き、酸化スケールの剥離を防止するものと推察される。しかし、過度に深い完全脱炭層を形成すると、焼入れ硬さ等の熱処理特性が劣化することから、深さの上限を２０μｍと規定した。
【００１１】
酸化スケールの厚みに対する完全脱炭層の深さの比：１以上
熱処理時の加熱温度は、中〜高炭素鋼では熱処理品の靭性を得るために、通常８００〜９５０℃に設定されている。このとき、加熱雰囲気中の酸素濃度にもよるが、スケール厚みは１〜１０μｍである。１〜２μｍの薄いスケールでは、剥離応力が小さく、スケール剥離が生じ難い。しかし、大半の場合、スケール厚みは２μｍを超えている。このような厚みのスケールに対して有効な緩衝効果を得るためには、スケール厚みに応じて完全脱炭層の深さを設定することが必要である。スケール厚みに対する完全脱炭層の深さの比が１未満では、熱処理スケールに対する緩衝作用が低下する傾向を示し、スケール剥離が発生する場合がある。そのため、望ましくは、完全脱炭層の深さ／スケール厚みの比を１以上とする。
【００１２】
【実施例】
表１に示した組成をもつ鋼種Ａ〜Ｄのスラブを熱間圧延し、板厚３．５ｍｍの熱延板を製造した。この熱延板を酸洗して得た熱処理用鋼板を供試材とした。なお、熱延巻取り温度を７００〜５００℃とし、酸洗後に焼鈍雰囲気の露点を−１０〜−５０℃とすることによって、完全脱炭層の深さを調整した。
【００１３】
各熱処理用鋼板から幅２５ｍｍ及び長さ２００ｍｍの試験片を切り出し、酸素濃度を種々変更した加熱雰囲気中で加熱温度８８０℃，保持時間１０分で加熱した後、６０℃の油槽に焼入れする熱処理を施した。熱処理によって生成したスケールは、酸素濃度に応じて３〜２０μｍの範囲で変化した。
焼入れされた試験片をテープ剥離試験に供し、スケール剥離性を調査した。調査結果を、完全脱炭深さとの関連で表２に示す。
【００１５】
表２にみられるように、試験番号９〜１０の比較例では、表層部の完全脱炭層が５μｍ未満と浅いため、焼入れ時の熱収縮によってスケール剥離が発生した。また、試験番号１１の比較例では、完全脱炭層深さ／スケール厚みの比が１以上であるにも拘らず、表層部の完全脱炭層が本発明例に比較して深いため、表層における焼入れ硬さが不足し、製品として不的確であった。
これに対し、完全脱炭層の深さが本発明で規定した範囲にある試験番号１〜８では、スケール密着性が改善されていることが判る。特に、試験番号２，３，５，７では、完全脱炭層の深さ／スケール厚みの比が１以上になっており、更にスケールの耐剥離性が改善されたことが示されている。
【００１７】
【発明の効果】
以上に説明したように、本発明においては、粒界酸化によって生じる完全脱炭層の深さを調整することにより、熱処理時に発生する鋼板表面に歪みが抑制され、スケール密着性を改善している。そのため、大気雰囲気或いは非還元性雰囲気中で焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理をしても、スケール剥離を生じることなく焼入れ焼戻し等の熱処理が可能となり、従来の問題であったスケール押込み疵の発生や寸法精度の不良等が解消される。その結果、熱処理品の表面品質が向上されると共に、製造コストの低減や作業環境の悪化防止も図られる。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a steel plate for heat treatment in which an oxide scale formed when a pickled steel plate is heated in the air or in a non-reducing atmosphere does not peel from a base steel during heat treatment such as quenching and tempering.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Steel sheets used for circular saw substrates, gears, washers, etc. are required to have high dimensional accuracy and good surface texture as well as heat treatment characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the generation of wrinkles due to scale in the heat treatment process as much as possible.
In a normal heat treatment, a steel plate from which the black scale formed during hot rolling is removed is used and treated in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. However, in order to reduce the heat treatment cost, heating in an air atmosphere has been frequently used. When a steel plate is heated in an air atmosphere, an oxide scale is generated on the surface of the steel plate. The oxide scale peels off from the base steel during the subsequent quenching and causes indentation flaws in the next process such as press tempering. In a steel plate with indentation flaws, the grinding allowance on the surface of the steel plate after the heat treatment is increased, and the working cost is increased. A scale with a significant degree of scale wrinkles cannot be used as a product in terms of dimensional accuracy and may become incompatible. Moreover, if there is scale peeling, the working environment is also deteriorated by the scattered scale.
[0003]
For this reason, in order to prevent the exfoliation of the oxide scale, JP-A-63-179056, JP-A-2-34793, JP-A-2-38522, JP-A-2-185915, JP-A-2-185915 Various methods for improving the adhesion of oxide scale are introduced in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 5-195055. These are thinned hot-rolled black scales by rapid cooling in the hot-rolling process, and made the scale composition Fe 3 O 4 with good adhesion by lowering the coiling temperature or cooling in a non-oxidizing atmosphere. . Although all have improved the scale adhesiveness in a hot-rolled steel plate state, the adhesiveness of the scale produced | generated at the time of heat processing is not touched. JP-B-2-182302 discloses that the scale adhesion of a hot-rolled steel sheet is improved by a work roll having an uneven surface. Furthermore, in JP-A-2-104625, the Si content is increased to suppress the transformation from Fe 3 O 4 to FeO due to heating during heat treatment.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The methods introduced in JP-A-63-179056, JP-A-2-34793, JP-A-2-38522, JP-A-2-185915, JP-A-5-195555, etc. It is effective for products that are used as they are. Such products include building materials, automotive materials, and the like that are made into products by cutting or punching without heat treatment.
However, these methods are not suitable for heat-treating steel plates. This is because the steel plate for heat treatment causes indentation flaws because surface decarburization occurs due to heating during heat treatment in the case of the black skin scale, and partial peeling occurs due to the thickened oxide scale. In addition, even when pickled, the hot rolled sheet itself has good scale adhesion, so the pickling efficiency is reduced, and the scale during heat treatment to remove Fe 3 O 4 with good scale adhesion. Adhesion is not secured.
[0005]
In the method of Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 2-182302, a process for forming irregularities on the surface of the work roll is required, so that the manufacturing cost of the roll becomes high. Moreover, since various steel types are hot rolled in actual operation, it is difficult to obtain a stable product in consideration of roll wear. Further, even when the steel type is limited, it takes time to replace the roll, and the roll basic unit increases.
The present invention has been devised to solve such problems, and is generated during heat treatment in an air atmosphere or an oxidizing atmosphere by adjusting the depth of the complete decarburization layer formed on the surface layer portion of the steel sheet. An object of the present invention is to provide a steel sheet for heat treatment that improves the adhesion of oxidized scale and prevents the oxide scale from peeling off in the heat treatment step of quenching and tempering.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the object, the steel plate for heat treatment of the present invention has C: 0.3 to 1.2% by weight, Si: 0.1 to 1.8% by weight, and Mn: 0.3 to 2.0% by weight. In addition, Cr: 0.1 to 2% by weight, Ni: 0.1 to 2% by weight alone or in combination , the balance is composed of Fe and inevitable impurities, the steel plate surface after pickling It has a decarburized layer having a complete decarburization depth of 5 to 20 μm .
Especially , what made the ratio of the decarburization depth with respect to the thickness of the oxide scale produced | generated by the heating at the time of heat processing 1 or more is preferable.
This steel plate for heat treatment is an optimum steel plate for heat treatment particularly when heat treatment such as quenching and tempering of a circular saw substrate, gears, washers and the like is performed by heating in an air atmosphere.
[0007]
[Action]
The present inventors have investigated and studied various factors affecting the adhesion of oxide scale formed on the surface of a hot-rolled steel sheet. As a result, it has been found that the complete decarburization layer formed on the steel sheet surface layer part in the annealing process has a great influence on the scale adhesion. This is because the completely decarburized layer softened with the reduction of C exhibits a buffering action to relieve thermal strain and transformation stress, and as a result, the occurrence of cracks that cause scale peeling is suppressed and the scale adhesion is improved. Inferred. Thereby, the oxide scale produced | generated by the heating in air | atmosphere does not peel from a base iron in heat processing processes, such as hardening and tempering.
From such a viewpoint, in the present invention, the alloy component of the target steel sheet, the depth of the complete decarburized layer, and the like are defined.
[0008]
C: 0.3 to 1.2% by weight
In order to secure the strength of the heat-treated product, 0.3% by weight or more, desirably 0.4% by weight or more is required. However, if a large amount of C exceeding 1.2% by weight is contained, it is necessary to lower the heating temperature during the heat treatment in order to suppress the precipitation of cementite. In this case, the generation of oxide scale during heat treatment heating is suppressed, and it is not necessary to use the present invention. Usually, as a material used for heat treatment such as quenching and tempering, a medium to high carbon steel plate is common, and its C content is in the range of 0.4 to 1.0% by weight. The present invention exhibits a remarkable effect for such medium to high carbon steel sheets.
Si: 0.1 to 1.8% by weight
Although it is an alloy element suitable for obtaining a grain boundary oxide layer together with Mn, when the Si content exceeds 1.8% by weight, the surface skin deteriorates. On the other hand, when the Si content is less than 0.1% by weight, the effect of forming the grain boundary oxide layer is reduced.
Mn: 0.3 to 2.0% by weight
Like Si, it is an alloy element suitable for obtaining a grain boundary oxide layer. When the Mn content is less than 0.3% by weight, quenching is insufficient, and when the Mn content exceeds 2% by weight, quenching cracks are likely to occur.
[0009]
Cr: 0.1 to 2% by weight
It is an alloy element that is added as necessary, and exhibits an effect of improving scale adhesion by promoting grain boundary oxidation and generating irregularities at the base iron interface. The effect of Cr on the formation of irregularities at the base iron interface is obtained at 0.1% by weight or more, and the effect of preventing scale peeling during heat treatment becomes significant. The addition effect of Cr is almost saturated when it exceeds 1% by weight. Moreover, adding an excess of Cr exceeding 2% by weight is not only economical but also causes a decrease in toughness.
Ni: 0.1 to 2% by weight
It is an alloy element that is added as necessary, and shows a tendency to be concentrated at the iron-iron interface by secondary oxidation during hot rolling. The thickened portion remains convex, and the ground iron interface becomes micro uneven. As a result, the anchor effect on the scale increases. Such an action of Ni becomes remarkable at a content of 0.1% by weight or more. However, a Ni content exceeding 2.0% by weight is not only economically disadvantageous, but also causes a decrease in toughness and ductility.
As other alloy elements, Mo, V and the like can be contained as required.
[0010]
Decarburized layer depth: 5-20 μm
The present inventors conducted a number of experiments on the relationship between the depth of the complete decarburized layer and the scale peelability. As a result, it has been found that when a complete decarburized layer having a ferrite structure has a depth of 5 μm or more, the oxide scale does not peel off during heat treatment. The complete decarburized layer is formed by increasing the coiling temperature after hot rolling or performing box annealing. This complete decarburization layer is presumed to function as a layer that absorbs strain and stress generated at the interface between the base iron and the oxide scale, and prevents the oxide scale from peeling off. However, when an excessively deep complete decarburization layer is formed, heat treatment characteristics such as quenching hardness deteriorate, so the upper limit of the depth is defined as 20 μm.
[0011]
Ratio of depth of complete decarburization layer to thickness of oxide scale: 1 or more The heating temperature at the time of heat treatment is usually set to 800 to 950 ° C. in order to obtain the toughness of the heat treated product in medium to high carbon steel. At this time, although depending on the oxygen concentration in the heating atmosphere, the scale thickness is 1 to 10 μm. With a thin scale of 1 to 2 μm, the peeling stress is small, and scale peeling hardly occurs. However, in most cases, the scale thickness exceeds 2 μm. In order to obtain an effective buffering effect for such a scale of thickness, it is necessary to set the depth of the complete decarburized layer according to the scale thickness. When the ratio of the depth of the complete decarburized layer to the scale thickness is less than 1, the buffer action on the heat treatment scale tends to be reduced, and scale peeling may occur. Therefore, desirably, the ratio of the depth / scale thickness of the complete decarburized layer is set to 1 or more.
[0012]
【Example】
Slabs of steel types A to D having the compositions shown in Table 1 were hot-rolled to produce hot rolled sheets having a thickness of 3.5 mm. A steel sheet for heat treatment obtained by pickling the hot-rolled sheet was used as a test material. In addition, the depth of the complete decarburization layer was adjusted by setting hot rolling coiling temperature to 700-500 degreeC, and making the dew point of annealing atmosphere into -10-50 degreeC after pickling.
[0013]
A test piece having a width of 25 mm and a length of 200 mm was cut out from each steel plate for heat treatment, heated in a heating atmosphere with various changes in oxygen concentration at a heating temperature of 880 ° C. and a holding time of 10 minutes, and then quenched in an oil bath at 60 ° C. gave. The scale produced by the heat treatment changed in the range of 3 to 20 μm depending on the oxygen concentration.
The quenched specimen was subjected to a tape peeling test to investigate scale peelability. The survey results are shown in Table 2 in relation to the complete decarburization depth.
[0015]
As can be seen from Table 2, in the comparative examples of test numbers 9 to 10, the complete decarburized layer in the surface layer portion was as shallow as less than 5 μm, and thus scale peeling occurred due to heat shrinkage during quenching. Moreover, in the comparative example of test number 11, although the complete decarburized layer depth / scale thickness ratio is 1 or more, the complete decarburized layer in the surface layer portion is deeper than that of the present invention example. Hardness was insufficient and it was inaccurate as a product.
In contrast, in test numbers 1 to 8 in which the depth of the complete decarburized layer is within the range defined in the present invention, it can be seen that the scale adhesion is improved. In particular, in test numbers 2, 3, 5, and 7, the ratio of the depth of the complete decarburized layer / scale thickness is 1 or more, and it is shown that the peel resistance of the scale is further improved.
[0017]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, in the present invention, by adjusting the depth of the complete decarburized layer generated by grain boundary oxidation, distortion on the steel sheet surface generated during heat treatment is suppressed, and scale adhesion is improved. Therefore, even if heat treatment such as quenching and tempering is performed in the air atmosphere or non-reducing atmosphere, it is possible to perform heat treatment such as quenching and tempering without causing scale peeling. The defect etc. are eliminated. As a result, the surface quality of the heat-treated product is improved, and the manufacturing cost is reduced and the working environment is prevented from deteriorating.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09056396A JP3874124B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Steel plate for heat treatment with excellent oxide scale adhesion |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP09056396A JP3874124B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Steel plate for heat treatment with excellent oxide scale adhesion |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH09256107A JPH09256107A (en) | 1997-09-30 |
| JP3874124B2 true JP3874124B2 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
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| JP09056396A Expired - Fee Related JP3874124B2 (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1996-03-19 | Steel plate for heat treatment with excellent oxide scale adhesion |
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