JP3868299B2 - Decommissioning monitoring system for decommissioning furnace - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to dismantling monitoring of a waste furnace that monitors the internal environment when disassembling, for example, various incinerators such as municipal waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators, sludge incinerators, thermal decomposition furnaces, melting furnaces, etc. About the system.
[0002]
[Background]
For example, when disposing of various incinerators such as municipal waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators, sludge incinerators, pyrolysis furnaces, melting furnaces, it is necessary to dismantle them. The furnace may be filled with harmful substances (endocrine disruptors such as dioxins: so-called environmental hormones, heavy metals such as mercury). For this reason, it is necessary to forcibly exhaust from the furnace, but in the case of continuous exhaust, it is necessary to use a suction fan or the like, and there is a problem that the cost required for the operation becomes enormous .
[0003]
For this reason, it is necessary for the worker to wear the protective clothing and perform the dismantling work. In order to improve the environment of the worker, the protective clothing supplies air (oxygen) to the inside of the protective clothing, The inside of the protective clothing is cooled to a certain temperature (for example, 20 ° C.) to prevent the work efficiency from being lowered.
[0004]
However, there is a problem that the wearing of such protective clothing does not allow the work to be performed quickly, resulting in a decrease in work efficiency.
[0005]
In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention monitors the internal environment when disassembling, for example, various incinerators such as municipal waste incinerators, industrial waste incinerators, sludge incinerators, thermal decomposition furnaces, and melting furnaces. It is an object to provide a decommissioning monitoring system for a decommissioning furnace.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
A first invention that solves the above-described problem is a decommissioning monitoring system for a decommissioning furnace that monitors the environment of a facility that dismantles an incinerator to be disposed of, a gas monitoring unit that measures the concentration of harmful substances in the demolition facility, The present invention is a decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising wastewater monitoring means for measuring harmful substances in wastewater discharged from the dismantling facility.
[0007]
A second invention comprises a decommissioning monitor for a waste furnace according to the first invention, comprising a cleaning means for cleaning the inside of the dismantling facility when the gas monitoring means exceeds a set value. In the system.
[0008]
A third aspect of the present invention is the dismantling of a waste furnace according to the first aspect of the present invention, further comprising ventilation means for ventilating the dismantling equipment when the gas monitoring means reaches a set value or more. In the surveillance system.
[0009]
A fourth invention is the dismantling monitoring system for a waste furnace according to the third invention, wherein a filter is interposed in a line for discharging exhaust gas to the outside of the ventilation means.
[0010]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dismantling and monitoring system for a waste furnace according to the first aspect, wherein the gas monitoring means is a laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer.
[0011]
According to a sixth invention, in the first invention, the gas monitoring means includes a sample introduction means for continuously introducing the collected sample into the vacuum chamber, and a laser irradiation for irradiating the introduced sample with a laser for laser ionization. Means, a converging unit for converging laser ionized molecules, an ion trap for selectively concentrating the converged molecules, and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with an ion detector for detecting ions emitted at a constant period; It is in the dismantling monitoring system of the waste furnace characterized by comprising.
[0012]
A seventh invention is the dismantling monitoring system for a waste furnace according to the first invention, wherein the waste water monitoring means is a solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph device.
[0013]
According to an eighth invention, in the first invention, the wastewater monitoring means introduces the collected sample and holds the organic halide with the solid-phase adsorbent, and the eluate from the solid-phase / adsorption means. A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising a detection means for performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of an organic halide eluted by the above.
[0014]
According to a ninth invention, in the first invention, the gas monitoring means and the wastewater monitoring means use ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, electromagnetic wave absorption or light emission phenomenon such as fluorescence to It is in the decommissioning monitoring system of a waste furnace characterized by measuring the concentration of harmful substances.
[0015]
A tenth aspect of the present invention is the dismantling of the waste furnace according to the first aspect, wherein the gas monitoring means and the waste water monitoring means measure the concentration of harmful substances in the gas / solution using a laser beam as a light source. In the surveillance system.
[0016]
An eleventh aspect of the invention resides in a decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace according to the tenth aspect of the invention, wherein phase detection is performed by applying phase modulation to the laser.
[0017]
A twelfth aspect of the present invention is the decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace according to the tenth aspect of the present invention, wherein a sample collected is converted into plasma using laser light, and the heavy plasma is analyzed as spectral light by dispersing the plasmaized plasma light. It is in.
[0018]
A thirteenth invention is the invention according to any one of the first to twelfth inventions, wherein the waste furnace is any one of various incinerators such as a municipal waste incinerator, an industrial waste incinerator, a sludge incinerator, a pyrolysis furnace, and a melting furnace. It is in the decommissioning monitoring system of the decommissioning furnace characterized by being.
[0019]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the decommissioning decommissioning monitoring system according to the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
[0020]
Next, a decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace using the apparatus of the present invention will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, the decommissioning monitoring system for a decommissioning furnace according to this embodiment is a decommissioning monitoring system for a decommissioning furnace that monitors the environment of the decommissioning incinerator, and is harmful to the demolition facility 100. Gas monitoring means 102 for measuring the substance concentration via the sampling pipe 101 and drainage monitoring means 105 for measuring harmful substances in the wastewater 104 discharged from the dismantling facility 100 to the drainage tank 103 are provided.
Further, on the upper side in the dismantling facility 100, a watering means 106 and a gas exhaust means (for example, a suction fan) 107 for discharging the gas in the equipment to the outside are provided.
Further, a harmful substance filter 109 such as activated carbon is interposed in the exhaust gas passage 108.
[0021]
<Drainage monitoring means>
Examples of the wastewater monitoring means 105 include a solid phase extraction gas chromatograph apparatus as shown in FIGS.
[0022]
FIG. 2 shows an outline of a solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph apparatus. As shown in FIG. 2, the wastewater monitoring means 105 according to the present embodiment is a detection device that detects the concentration of organic halides in an aqueous solution. The solid phase / adsorption means 12 for holding the sample and the detection means for introducing 1-5 μl of the eluate from the solid phase / adsorption means 12 through the autosampler 13 and performing qualitative and quantitative analysis of the eluted organic halide 14.
[0023]
In addition, the various harmful substance concentrations detected by the detecting means 14 may be sent to the monitoring command room and announced to the outside by, for example, a predetermined monitoring device 15.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 3 (A), the solid-phase / adsorption means 12 is formed by inserting a solid-phase adsorbent 22 into an extraction column 21, and the solid-phase adsorbent is made of silica gel or alumina. ing.
[0025]
The eluate that elutes the organic halide retained on the solid-phase adsorbent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent that elutes the target harmful substance. For example, in the case of organic halides such as PCBs and dioxins May include nonpolar solvents (eg, n-hexane, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol).
[0026]
In addition, since it is necessary to monitor the drainage every predetermined time, it is possible to automatically sample by providing a sample introduction means for periodically introducing a collected sample.
[0027]
In addition, in order to improve the analysis accuracy, when several samples are performed simultaneously as necessary, a plurality of the columns 21 are prepared so that the organic halide is simultaneously solid-phased and adsorbed. May be.
[0028]
The extraction process of the solid phase / adsorption means 12 will be described below with reference to FIGS.
{Circle around (1)} Conditioning Step In order to obtain a result with good reproducibility, the conditioning liquid 31 is supplied to the solid-phase adsorbent 22 and fed before supplying the sample (see FIG. 3A).
(2) Holding step Next, the collected sample 32 is introduced into the column 21 (see FIG. 3B). Here, it is assumed that the sample includes PCB (or dioxins) 33 as an object, impurity X (unnecessary matrix), and impurity Y (components in other matrices).
(3) Washing step Next, the impurities X held on the solid-phase adsorbent 22 are washed away with a washing liquid (for example, methyl alcohol) (see FIG. 3C).
(4) Elution Step Next, PCB (or dioxins) 33 which is the target product held on the solid phase adsorbent 22 is eluted with an eluent (n-hexane) 35. During the elution, the impurity Y remains in the solid-phase adsorbent 22 and is separated from the PCB 33 (see FIG. 3D).
[0029]
FIG. 4 shows a process diagram of solid-phase extraction using the organic halide detection apparatus.
(1) First, 20 mL of n-hexane is supplied to the solid-phase adsorbent 22 and solid-phase drying (evacuation) is performed for 5 minutes (S101).
(2) Next, after 20 mL of methyl alcohol and 20 mL of ultrapure water are flowed, a sample (0.1 to 1 L) is introduced, PCB (or dioxins) is collected, and solid phase extraction is performed (S102). .
At this time, 1% of methyl alcohol was added to the sample. The addition of methyl alcohol has a function of dispersing PCB (or dioxins).
(3) Thereafter, 5 mL of cleaning liquid (methyl alcohol) is poured (liquid passing speed: 0.3 cc / s) for cleaning (S103).
(4) Thereafter, the solid-phase adsorbent 22 is dried (evacuated) for 5 minutes (S104).
{Circle around (5)} Thereafter, using n-hexane and elution of PCB (or dioxins) at a flow rate of 0.3 cc / s (S105), the volume is adjusted to 5 mL (S106).
(6) Next, 1 to 5 μl is analyzed with either a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS) or a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector analyzer (GC-ECD) (S107), and PCB (or dioxin) Class) The concentration is measured (S108).
(7) The column from which the PCB has been eluted can be back-washed with a mixed solution of n-hexanetoacetone (1: 1), regenerated, and then subjected to PCB (or dioxins) measurement again.
[0030]
The analysis time at this time was about 2 hours or less.
For comparison, it was as follows when compared with a conventional official method (measurement time: 2 days). The detector used was a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector analyzer (GC-ECD).
[0031]
For example, the environmental emission standard value of PCB is required to be 3 ppb (0.003 mg / L) or less, but according to the present invention, the lower limit of quantification is 0.5 ppb to 0.1 ppb, Moreover, it was possible to cope with it with a simple device.
[0032]
<Exhaust gas monitoring means>
Next, when monitoring the gas concerning this invention, a laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer can be mentioned, for example.
[0033]
FIG. 5 shows a specific apparatus of the gas monitoring means.
As shown in FIG. 5, a laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer 50 includes a capillary column 54 that is a sample introduction means for continuously introducing a collected sample into a vacuum chamber, and a leaked molecular beam that is an introduced sample. 53 is irradiated with a laser beam 55 and laser ionization means 56 for laser ionization, a converging unit for converging the laser ionized molecules, an ion trap 57 for selectively concentrating the converged molecules, emitted at a constant period, and reflected And a time-of-flight mass spectrometer 60 having an ion detector 59 for detecting ions reflected by the Ron 58.
[0034]
The concentration of organic halides such as PCB and dioxins to be measured can be obtained from comparison of signal intensities detected by the detector 59.
[0035]
FIG. 6 shows a measurement system using the laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. As shown in FIG. 6, in the organic halide concentration measuring system 61, a gas sampling line 62 branched from a gas discharge line is connected to a vacuum chamber 60, which leaks into the vacuum chamber 60 from the line 62. A sample is introduced, ionized by laser light 55 from the laser irradiation device 56, and ions are detected by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In the figure, reference numeral 63 denotes an evacuation device that evacuates the vacuum chamber 60, and reference numeral 64 denotes a controller that controls these devices.
By using this measurement system, the PCB concentration can be detected with a sensitivity of 0.01 mg / Nm ³ and a detection time of 1 minute or less with high sensitivity and real time analysis.
[0036]
FIGS. 7A and 7B show examples of signals from an ion detector that detects, for example, PCB. Here, the horizontal axis represents time of flight (seconds), and the vertical axis represents ion signal intensity (V). The 4-chlorine PCB is shown in FIG. 7 (b) as an enlarged view of FIG. 7 (a).
[0037]
Here, in the work environment reference value, the work environment allowable concentration of PCB is required to be 0.1 mg / m ³ or less. However, according to the system of the present invention, the detection lower limit value is 0.01 mg / m 2. m ³ (10 ppb), and it was possible to sufficiently cope with a quick analysis and a simple apparatus.
[0038]
The wastewater monitoring means and the exhaust gas monitoring means are monitored using separate devices, but the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, electromagnetic waves such as ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, or microwaves are used. You may make it perform PCB density | concentration in gas and a solution using light emission phenomena, such as absorption or fluorescence.
[0039]
In the measurement, the ultraviolet region is preferably 300 nm or less, particularly 200 to 300 nm, the visible region is preferably near 400 to 760 nm, and the infrared region is preferably 900 cm ⁻¹ or less. Further, when used for quantitative determination of PCB, it is preferable because there is absorption at 1457 cm ⁻¹ in the infrared region.
[0040]
At this time, in order to ensure that it is a PCB, a plurality of wavelengths may be measured simultaneously to make a comprehensive judgment.
For example, two wavelengths in the infrared region, two wavelengths in the ultraviolet region, or a combination of the infrared region and the ultraviolet region.
[0041]
Further, a laser may be used as a light source, and the concentration of PCB or the like in exhaust gas or waste water may be measured by setting to a predetermined optical path length.
[0042]
Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a PCB or the like may be detected with high sensitivity by a phase modulation measuring apparatus using a laser.
As shown in FIG. 8, a laser light source 73 for irradiating a drain pipe or exhaust gas pipe 71 with a laser beam 72, a laser driving device 74 for controlling the light source to emit a laser beam 72 of a desired wavelength, and oscillation of the laser beam An oscillator 75 that generates a modulation signal that modulates the wavelength, a detector 76 that receives the transmitted laser light, and an n (n ≧ 2, n is an integer) multiple period of the frequency component of the output signal of the oscillator 75 And a phase sensitive detector (lock-in amplifier: PSD) 78 for generating a detection signal based on the output signal of the frequency multiplier and the output signal of the detector 76. is there. According to the phase modulation measurement method using this laser, modulation is performed on the oscillation laser, synchronous detection is performed with the frequency-multiplied modulation signal when receiving the laser beam, and a high-order differential absorption signal is obtained as the output. Thereby, the density | concentration of PCB etc. in a to-be-measured object (gas or waste_water | drain) can be continuously measured with high precision.
[0043]
Further, the exhaust gas may be concentrated by, for example, solid-phase adsorption, and the concentration of PCB or the like may be measured with a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector analyzer (GC-ECD).
[0044]
Further, PCBs in exhaust gas are absorbed with a solvent (n-hexane, etc.) and then concentrated by liquid-liquid extraction, and the PCB concentration is measured with a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector analyzer (GC-ECD). You may make it measure.
[0045]
Further, a solid-phase absorbent material may be interposed in the passage of exhaust gas or drainage, PCB may be adsorbed on the solid-phase absorbent material, and then the PCB concentration may be measured by absorbance (UV method) by ultraviolet irradiation.
[0046]
Further, a heavy metal such as mercury contained in exhaust gas may be analyzed by using a laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS method) to analyze its compositional components.
[0047]
FIG. 9 shows a composition component measuring apparatus employing the LIBS method. As shown in FIG. 9, the measurement object exists (circulates) in the pipe 91 drawn out from the furnace. A measurement window 83 having a purge flow path 83a is installed in the measurement field 90 of the pipe 91. Laser light output from the pulse laser device 81 is focused on the measurement field 90 via the lens 82 and the measurement window 83. For this reason, fine particles (particles to be measured) existing in the measurement field 90 are turned into plasma, and plasma light is generated from the plasma-generated composition component.
[0048]
The generated plasma light is output to the outside from the measurement window 83 of the measurement field 90, reflected by the mirror 84, further collected by the lens 85, and incident on the spectroscope 86. The spectroscope 86 splits the plasma light into spectral light, and inputs the spectral light into the CCD camera 87.
[0049]
The CCD camera 87 capable of high-speed gate captures the spectrum light separated by the spectroscope 86 and transfers a video signal corresponding to the spectrum light to the computer 88. The CCD camera 87 is connected to the pulse laser device 81 via a synchronization line 89, and the gate control of the CCD camera 87 and the oscillation of the pulse laser device 81 are synchronized.
[0050]
The computer 88 performs information processing calculation on the transferred video signal (having light emission intensity information from each component), so that the composition component of heavy metal such as mercury in the dust existing in the measurement field 90 is obtained. Calculate in real time. That is, the composition component is identified from the difference in emission wavelength of the spectrum light corresponding to various heavy metals, and the concentration of the composition component is obtained from the emission intensity.
[0051]
Thus, since the composition component of the measurement object can be measured in real time at the measurement site, based on the measurement result, when the dismantling work environment of the incinerator to be discarded exceeds the standard, for example, in the dismantling equipment 100 Water is sprayed from the water spray means 106 provided on the upper side, the gas exhaust means (for example, a suction fan) 107 for discharging the gas in the facility to the outside is forcibly discharged, and further, the exhaust gas passage 108 has, for example, Control of the dismantling operation of the waste furnace can be performed satisfactorily by interposing a harmful substance filter 109 such as activated carbon to suppress discharge of harmful substances to the outside.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the system relates to the working environment of the incinerator revised equipment, which is a gas monitoring means for measuring the concentration of harmful substances in the demolition facility, and the drainage discharged from the demolition facility. Equipped with a wastewater monitoring means that measures harmful substances in the wastewater, so that the dismantling work of the incinerator to be discarded while monitoring the concentration of organic halides such as PCBs and dioxins is safe and prevents pollution to the air environment Can be done.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a dismantling monitoring system for a waste furnace.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph apparatus.
FIG. 3 is a process diagram of a solid-phase extraction system.
FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a wastewater monitoring system.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an exhaust gas monitoring system.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a PCB concentration measurement system.
FIG. 7 is an example of a measurement chart from an ion detector that detects PCB.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a laser phase modulation measuring apparatus.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a composition component measuring apparatus employing a LIBS method.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 100 Demolition equipment 101 Sampling piping 102 Gas monitoring means 103 Drain tank 104 Drainage 105 Drainage monitoring means 106 Sprinkling means 107 Gas exhaust means 108 Exhaust gas passage 109 Toxic substance filter

Claims (13)

A decommissioning monitoring system for a decommissioning furnace that monitors the environment of a facility that dismantles an incinerator for disposal,
Gas monitoring means for measuring the concentration of harmful substances in the dismantling facility,
A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising wastewater monitoring means for measuring harmful substances in wastewater discharged from the dismantling facility. In claim 1,
A dismantling monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising cleaning means for cleaning the inside of the dismantling facility when the gas monitoring means reaches a set value or more. In claim 1,
A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising ventilation means for ventilating the dismantling equipment when the gas monitoring means reaches a set value or more. In claim 3,
A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising a filter in a line for exhausting exhaust gas to the outside of the ventilation means. In claim 1,
A dismantling monitoring system for a waste furnace, wherein the gas monitoring means is a laser ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer. In claim 1,
The gas monitoring means includes a sample introduction means for continuously introducing the collected sample into the vacuum chamber, a laser irradiation means for irradiating the introduced sample with a laser to cause laser ionization, and a convergence unit for converging the laser ionized molecules. A waste furnace comprising: an ion trap for selectively concentrating the focused molecules; and a time-of-flight mass spectrometer equipped with an ion detector for detecting ions released at a constant period. Dismantling monitoring system. In claim 1,
A waste furnace disassembly monitoring system, wherein the waste water monitoring means is a solid phase extraction-gas chromatograph apparatus. In claim 1,
The wastewater monitoring means introduces the collected sample and holds the organic halide with the solid-phase adsorbent, and the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the organic halide eluted from the solid-phase / adsorption means by the eluent A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, comprising: In claim 1,
Disposal characterized in that the gas monitoring means and the wastewater monitoring means measure the concentration of harmful substances in gases and solutions using ultraviolet light, visible light, infrared light, electromagnetic wave absorption or fluorescent light emission phenomenon. Furnace demolition monitoring system. In claim 1,
A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, wherein the gas monitoring means and the wastewater monitoring means measure the concentration of harmful substances in the gas / solution using a laser beam as a light source. In claim 10,
A decommissioning monitoring system for a waste furnace, wherein phase detection is performed by applying phase modulation to the laser. In claim 10,
A dismantling and monitoring system for a waste furnace, characterized in that a collected sample is converted into plasma using laser light, and the plasma light converted into plasma is analyzed to analyze heavy metals as spectral light. In any one of Claims 1 thru | or 12,
A dismantling monitoring system for a waste furnace, wherein the waste furnace is any one of various incinerators such as a municipal waste incinerator, an industrial waste incinerator, a sludge incinerator, a pyrolysis furnace, and a melting furnace.

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