JP3857445B2 - Schizophrenia diagnostic - Google Patents

Schizophrenia diagnostic Download PDF

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JP3857445B2
JP3857445B2 JP33862098A JP33862098A JP3857445B2 JP 3857445 B2 JP3857445 B2 JP 3857445B2 JP 33862098 A JP33862098 A JP 33862098A JP 33862098 A JP33862098 A JP 33862098A JP 3857445 B2 JP3857445 B2 JP 3857445B2
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fucose
schizophrenia
sugar
activity
gdp
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JP2000162210A (en
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伸 矢澤
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は精神分裂症の診断に有用な試薬に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
精神分裂症は、ストレスの多い現代社会において、多様化し、また増加しつつある疾患であり、その診断法及び治療法は困難とされている。
【0003】
精神分裂症の多くは青年期に発症し、妄想、幻覚のほか、自我、感情、意欲、行動等の障害からなる特有の症状を呈し、再燃と寛解を繰り返す。しばしば、神経衰弱様状態から発症し、しだいに特有の一次妄想(妄想気分、妄想知覚、妄想着想)、対話形式の幻聴、自我障害(させられ体験、思考吹入、思考奪取、思考察知等)、感情障害(感情鈍麻、両価性、疎通性障害)、能動性低下、行動障害(独語、空笑等)等の特徴的な症状が明瞭になる。
【0004】
精神病の診断の意義を十分に考慮し作成されたのが、米国精神医学会のDSM−III−R(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(Third edition-revised), 1987)であり、その基本理念は、将来、精神障害の生物学的、心理学的または社会学的な病因が解明されるのを待ち、さしあたりより同質な症候群を「記述」し、研究途上にある原因・病理所見との対比をはかり、疾患単位の確立を目指そうとするものであるとされている〔精神分裂病−基礎と臨床−、457-464頁、朝倉書店発行、1990年〕。
【0005】
このような考えに従い精神分裂症の生物学的マーカーの研究が進んでおり、例えば、脳脊髄液におけるホモバニリン酸(HVA)やノルアドレナリン;血漿における3−メトキシ−4−ヒドロキシフェニルグリコール(MHPG)、アポモルフィン刺激による成長ホルモン反応、ホスホリパーゼA2 及びプロスタグランジンE2;血小板におけるプロスタグランジンE1 刺激によるcAMP生成、イノシトールリン酸代謝、ADP刺激による血小板凝集に対するプロスタグランジンE1 抑制効果及びアンフェタミンに対する臨床反応;血清ドーパミンベータ水酸化酵素、血清アミン酸化酵素、血小板モノアミン酸化酵素等の各種生物学的マーカー候補が提案されている〔前記、精神分裂病−基礎と臨床−1990年〕。
【0006】
しかして、精神分裂症に特有の生物学的マーカーの発見によれば、新たな臨床診断基準として有用であり、また、臨床症状、予後、経過及び治療反応等との関係が確立すれば、薬物療法の客観的な指標あるいは予後の予測として治療に貢献するものと期待される。
【0007】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、前記所望の精神分裂症に特有の生物学的マーカーを提供しようとするものであり、しかして客観的な精神分裂症の診断を可能とする技術を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで本発明者は、上記課題を解決すべく種々検討してきた結果、血漿の糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性が健常者に比べて精神分裂症患者では明確に高い値を示すことを見出し、従って、その測定によれば精神分裂症の診断が可能であることを確認し本発明を完成するに至った。
【0009】
すなわち、本発明は、糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性測定試薬を含有する精神分裂症診断薬を提供するものである。
【0010】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明は、被検者の糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性を精神分裂症の生物学的マーカーとして測定することにより、その測定結果を精神分裂症の診断に利用することに特徴を有する。従って、本発明診断薬に用いられる糖ヌクレオチド加水分解活性測定試薬としては、これを測定するための試薬を含有しその利用によって当該測定ができる限りにおいて特に制限されず広範囲より選択することができる。該測定試薬は、好ましくは、血清、血漿等の血液中の糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性を測定するための試薬であることができる。
【0011】
糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素の活性測定はよく知られており〔例えば、Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249(24)7813-7823, 1974等〕、本発明においてもかかる公知方法に従うことにより当該測定を良好に実施できる。従って、本発明診断薬は、これら糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性の測定系において採用される試薬を含有するものであることができる。
【0012】
糖ヌクレオチドは、ヌクレオシド5′−二リン酸の末端リン酸基に糖が結合した構造を持つ化合物の総称であり、配糖体、多糖、複合糖質の生合成で糖残基の供与体となるものの他、糖の構造変換、糖の修飾反応に関与する等の機能を果たしている。これらは、各種の糖からなる糖残基と各種の塩基からなるヌクレオチド残基から構成され、例えばGDP−フコース、UDP−グルコース、CDP−グルコース、UDP−N−アセチルグルコサミン、GDP−マンノース、UDP−N−アセチルガラクトサミン、CMP−N−アセチルノイラミン酸等を包含する。
【0013】
本発明において測定対象とされる糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性は、これらの糖ヌクレオチドを加水分解して遊離の糖を与える酵素活性であれば特に限定はないが、特には、GDP−フコースの加水分解酵素の活性測定を好ましく例示することができる。
【0014】
糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素の活性測定は、より具体的には、例えば3Hや14C等の任意の標識により標識化した糖ヌクレオチドを基質として用い、これを含む試薬を被検体と反応させ、被検体中に含まれる加水分解酵素により分解された遊離の糖を、その標識活性の検出により測定することにより実施される。
【0015】
上記被検体と基質との反応は、通常の酵素反応条件に従い実施でき、例えば塩化マンガン等の二価金属イオン等の任意補因子を含むpH7〜8程度の通常の緩衝溶液中、室温から37℃程度、1〜2時間程度にて行なうことができる。
【0016】
加水分解された糖と糖ヌクレオチドの分離も常法に従い実施でき、例えば、種々のクロマトグラフィー、特にイオン交換クロマトグラフィーによる分離を好適に採用できる。分離された糖量は、採用した標識剤に応じた標識活性の検出により容易に測定でき、これは、被検体に含まれる目的の加水分解酵素活性を反映する。
【0017】
かくして測定される目的の酵素活性は、加水分解された糖の標識活性の検出値により評価できるが、本発明にかかる診断用途においては、これはより好適には、被検体の単位量当たり及び酵素反応の単位時間当たりに加水分解で生じた遊離の糖量からなる活性単位(例えば「mol/ml/h」)として好ましく評価することができる。
【0018】
本発明診断薬は、糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素の活性測定系において採用されることのある任意の測定試薬を含有することができる。これら試薬は、所望により、一部標識化或いは固相化等の修飾された試薬であることができ、また測定の利便を考慮した任意成分、例えば、反応成分の分離用試薬や酵素反応用緩衝液、或いはそれらの工程を実施するための器具類等を含ませることもできる。本発明診断薬は、好ましくは、少なくとも標識化された所望の基質を有効成分として含有するものである。
【0019】
本発明診断薬を利用する本発明にかかる診断に用いられる被検体としては、好ましくは、血清及び血漿であり、常法に従い調製することができる。なお、EDTAは採血後直ちの添加により糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素の活性を阻害することが認められ、本発明においては、血液検体の調製に際してはEDTA採血を避けることが望ましい。
【0020】
本発明においては、上記手段により被検体の糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性を測定し、健常者のそれと対比し、これが有意に高ければ精神分裂症と診断できる。
【0021】
【実施例】
次に実施例を挙げて本発明を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれにより何等制限されるものではない。
【0022】
実施例1
以下の方法により、GDP−フコース加水分解酵素活性を測定した。
【0023】
(反応液:全量40μl)
・血漿 10μl
・HEPES-NaOH Buffer(pH7.5) 4μmol/10μl
・MnCl2 1μmol/10μl
・GDP-[3H]Fucose(デュポン社) 500pmol/100,000dpm
【0024】
反応液を37℃で2時間反応させた。次に、等量のエチルアルコールを加え、その遠心上清を濾紙(ワットマン3MM)にスポットして、展開溶媒(酢酸エチル/ピリジン/水=10/4/3、v/v/v)で室温、4時間展開した。同時に濾紙上で展開したフコースを、展開後硝酸銀法によって発色させ、その移動度の相当する濾紙をそれぞれ切り取り、常法に従い、液体シンチレーションカウンターで放射活性を測定した。
なお、展開後の濾紙上の放射活性の分布から、[3H]Fucoseは、同時に存在する可能性のあるGDP−[3H]Fucose及び[3H]Fucose−1−リン酸とは明瞭に分離されていた。上記の反応では、Fucose−1−リン酸の生成は殆ど検出されなかった。また、酵素液(血漿)を含まない反応液からは[3H]Fucoseに相当する放射活性は全く検出されないことから、血漿中の本酵素は、
GDP−フコース → GDP+フコース
の反応を触媒するGDP−フコース加水分解酵素と認められた。
【0025】
実施例2
以下の方法によりGDP−フコース加水分解酵素活性を測定した。
【0026】
(反応液:全量40μl)
・血漿 10μl
・Tris HCl Buffer(pH7.5) 4μmol/10μl
・MnCl2 1μmol/10μl
・GDP-[3H]Fucose(デュポン社) 10nmol/10μl
【0027】
反応液を37℃で1時間保温後、50μlのエチルアルコールを加えて反応を止めた。遠心上清を陰イオン交換QMAカートリッジ(Sep-Pak Accell QMA plus:ウォーターズ社)に付し、未反応のGDP−[3H]Fucoseを吸着させ、素通りする[3H]Fucoseを捕集することにより、遊離の[3H]Fucoseを分離した。
分離した[3H]Fucoseは、常法に従い、液体シンチレーションカウンターで放
射活性を測定した。
なお、対照として、血漿サンプルを含まない上記反応液を用いて測定した結果を求め、上記放射活性測定値から対照における同測定値を差し引くことにより、単位時間及び単位量あたりの遊離の糖量からなる活性単位(nmol/ml/h)としてGDP−フコース加水分解酵素活性(GDP-fucose hydrolase activity)を求めた。
【0028】
健常者20例及び精神分裂症患者22例より常法に従って得た血漿(ヘパリン採血)を用いて、上記に従い、GDP−フコース加水分解酵素活性を測定した結果を図1に示す。
図1より、健常者の酵素活性46.57±8.51(mean±S.D., nmol/ml/h)に対して精神分裂症患者では、同64.85±10.54であり、患者血漿中のGDP−フコース加水分解酵素活性が有意に高いことが明らかとなった(p<0.001)。
【0029】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば精神分裂症を的確に診断できる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】健常者及び精神分裂症患者の血漿中の糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性測定結果を示す図である。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a reagent useful for diagnosis of schizophrenia.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Schizophrenia is a diversified and increasing disease in a modern society with many stresses, and its diagnosis and treatment are difficult.
[0003]
Most schizophrenia develops in adolescence and presents specific symptoms consisting of ego, emotion, motivation, behavior, etc. in addition to delusions and hallucinations, and relapses and remissions are repeated. Often develops from a state of neurological weakness, and is gradually characterized by primary delusions (delusional mood, delusional perception, delusional idea), interactive hallucinations, ego disorders (being experienced, blowing in thoughts, taking thoughts, thinking knowledge, etc.) Characteristic symptoms such as emotional disorder (feeling dull, bivalent, communicative disorder), decreased activity, behavioral disorder (German, sky laugh, etc.) become clear.
[0004]
The DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Third edition-revised), 1987) of the American Psychiatric Association was created with careful consideration of the significance of diagnosis of psychosis. In the future, waiting for the biological, psychological, or sociological etiology of mental disorders to be elucidated, "describe" more homogeneous syndromes for the time being, and compare them with the causes and pathological findings currently under study. It is said that it aims to establish a scale and a disease unit (schizophrenia-basic and clinical, 457-464, published by Asakura Shoten, 1990).
[0005]
Research on biological markers of schizophrenia is progressing in accordance with this idea, for example, homovanillic acid (HVA) and noradrenaline in cerebrospinal fluid; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG), apomorphine in plasma Growth hormone response by stimulation, phospholipase A 2 and prostaglandin E 2 ; cAMP generation by platelet-induced prostaglandin E 1 stimulation, inositol phosphate metabolism, ADP-stimulated prostaglandin E 1 inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation and clinical treatment for amphetamine Reaction: Various biological marker candidates such as serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase, serum amine oxidase, and platelet monoamine oxidase have been proposed [said schizophrenia-basic and clinical-1990].
[0006]
Thus, the discovery of biological markers specific to schizophrenia is useful as a new clinical diagnostic standard, and once the relationship with clinical symptoms, prognosis, course, treatment response, etc. is established, It is expected to contribute to treatment as an objective index of therapy or as a prognostic prediction.
[0007]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a biological marker peculiar to the desired schizophrenia, and to provide a technique that enables an objective diagnosis of schizophrenia.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Therefore, as a result of various studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has found that plasma sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity is clearly higher in schizophrenic patients than in healthy individuals, and therefore According to the measurement, it was confirmed that schizophrenia could be diagnosed, and the present invention was completed.
[0009]
That is, the present invention provides a diagnostic agent for schizophrenia containing a reagent for measuring sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity.
[0010]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is characterized in that a sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity of a subject is measured as a biological marker of schizophrenia and the measurement result is used for diagnosis of schizophrenia. Therefore, the sugar nucleotide hydrolyzing activity measuring reagent used in the diagnostic agent of the present invention contains a reagent for measuring this and can be selected from a wide range without particular limitation as long as the measurement can be performed by using the reagent. The measurement reagent can be preferably a reagent for measuring sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity in blood such as serum and plasma.
[0011]
The activity measurement of sugar nucleotide hydrolase is well known (for example, Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249 (24) 7813-7823, 1974, etc.), and the measurement is performed well by following such known methods in the present invention. it can. Therefore, the diagnostic agent of the present invention can contain a reagent employed in these sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity measurement systems.
[0012]
Sugar nucleotide is a general term for compounds having a structure in which a sugar is bound to the terminal phosphate group of nucleoside 5'-diphosphate, and is a sugar residue donor in the biosynthesis of glycosides, polysaccharides and complex carbohydrates. In addition to the above, it performs functions such as sugar structure conversion and sugar modification reaction. These are composed of sugar residues composed of various sugars and nucleotide residues composed of various bases. For example, GDP-fucose, UDP-glucose, CDP-glucose, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, GDP-mannose, UDP- N-acetylgalactosamine, CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid and the like are included.
[0013]
The sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity to be measured in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is an enzyme activity that hydrolyzes these sugar nucleotides to give a free sugar, but in particular, hydrolysis of GDP-fucose. The enzyme activity measurement can be preferably exemplified.
[0014]
More specifically, the activity of the sugar nucleotide hydrolase is measured using, for example, a sugar nucleotide labeled with an arbitrary label such as 3 H or 14 C as a substrate, and a reagent containing this is reacted with the analyte, This is carried out by measuring the free sugar decomposed by the hydrolase contained in the sample by detecting the labeling activity.
[0015]
The reaction between the analyte and the substrate can be carried out according to ordinary enzyme reaction conditions. About 1 to 2 hours.
[0016]
Separation of hydrolyzed sugar and sugar nucleotide can also be carried out according to a conventional method, and for example, separation by various chromatography, particularly ion exchange chromatography can be suitably employed. The amount of separated sugar can be easily measured by detecting the labeling activity according to the employed labeling agent, and this reflects the target hydrolase activity contained in the analyte.
[0017]
The target enzyme activity thus measured can be evaluated by the detected value of the labeling activity of the hydrolyzed sugar, but in the diagnostic use according to the present invention, this is more preferably per unit amount of the analyte and the enzyme. It can be preferably evaluated as an active unit (for example, “mol / ml / h”) consisting of the amount of free sugar produced by hydrolysis per unit time of the reaction.
[0018]
The diagnostic agent of the present invention can contain any measurement reagent that may be employed in a sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity measurement system. These reagents may be partially modified reagents such as labeling or solid phase as desired, and optional components considering the convenience of measurement, for example, reagents for separating reaction components and buffers for enzyme reactions. It is also possible to include liquids or instruments for carrying out these processes. The diagnostic agent of the present invention preferably contains at least a labeled desired substrate as an active ingredient.
[0019]
The subject used for the diagnosis according to the present invention using the diagnostic agent of the present invention is preferably serum and plasma, and can be prepared according to a conventional method. Note that EDTA was found to inhibit the activity of sugar nucleotide hydrolase when added immediately after blood collection, and in the present invention, it is desirable to avoid EDTA blood collection when preparing a blood sample.
[0020]
In the present invention, the sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity of a subject is measured by the above means and compared with that of a healthy person. If this is significantly high, schizophrenia can be diagnosed.
[0021]
【Example】
EXAMPLES Next, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated in detail, this invention is not restrict | limited at all by this.
[0022]
Example 1
The GDP-fucose hydrolase activity was measured by the following method.
[0023]
(Reaction solution: total volume 40 μl)
・ Plasma 10μl
・ HEPES-NaOH Buffer (pH 7.5) 4μmol / 10μl
・ MnCl 2 1μmol / 10μl
・ GDP- [ 3 H] Fucose (DuPont) 500pmol / 100,000dpm
[0024]
The reaction solution was reacted at 37 ° C. for 2 hours. Next, an equal amount of ethyl alcohol is added, and the centrifugal supernatant is spotted on a filter paper (Whatman 3MM) and room temperature is obtained with a developing solvent (ethyl acetate / pyridine / water = 10/4/3, v / v / v). Developed for 4 hours. At the same time, the fucose developed on the filter paper was developed and developed by the silver nitrate method, and the filter paper corresponding to the mobility was cut out, and the radioactivity was measured with a liquid scintillation counter according to a conventional method.
From the distribution of radioactivity on the filter paper after development, [ 3 H] Fucose is clearly different from GDP- [ 3 H] Fucose and [ 3 H] Fucose-1-phosphate that may be present simultaneously. It was separated. In the above reaction, production of Fucose-1-phosphate was hardly detected. In addition, since no radioactivity corresponding to [ 3 H] Fucose is detected from the reaction solution containing no enzyme solution (plasma), this enzyme in plasma is
It was recognized as a GDP-fucose hydrolase that catalyzes the reaction of GDP-fucose → GDP + fucose.
[0025]
Example 2
GDP-fucose hydrolase activity was measured by the following method.
[0026]
(Reaction solution: total volume 40 μl)
・ Plasma 10μl
・ Tris HCl Buffer (pH7.5) 4μmol / 10μl
・ MnCl 2 1μmol / 10μl
・ GDP- [ 3 H] Fucose (DuPont) 10 nmol / 10 μl
[0027]
After the reaction solution was kept at 37 ° C. for 1 hour, 50 μl of ethyl alcohol was added to stop the reaction. Supernatant Anion exchange QMA Cartridge subjected to (Sep-Pak Accell QMA plus Waters) to adsorb the GDP- [3 H] Fucose unreacted to pass through [3 H] to collect fucose Separated the free [ 3 H] Fucose.
The separated [ 3 H] Fucose was measured for radioactivity using a liquid scintillation counter according to a conventional method.
As a control, the measurement result obtained using the above reaction solution not containing a plasma sample was obtained, and by subtracting the same measurement value in the control from the above radioactivity measurement value, the amount of free sugar per unit time and unit amount was obtained. GDP-fucose hydrolase activity was determined as an activity unit (nmol / ml / h).
[0028]
FIG. 1 shows the results of measuring GDP-fucose hydrolase activity according to the above using plasma (heparin blood collection) obtained from 20 healthy subjects and 22 schizophrenic patients according to a conventional method.
As shown in FIG. 1, the enzyme activity of healthy subjects was 46.57 ± 8.51 (mean ± SD, nmol / ml / h), and the value was 64.85 ± 10.54 in schizophrenic patients. Was found to have significantly higher GDP-fucose hydrolase activity (p <0.001).
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, schizophrenia can be diagnosed accurately.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the results of measurement of sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity in plasma of healthy subjects and schizophrenic patients.

Claims (2)

糖ヌクレオチド加水分解酵素活性測定試薬を含有する精神分裂症診断薬。A diagnostic agent for schizophrenia comprising a reagent for measuring sugar nucleotide hydrolase activity. 糖ヌクレオチドが、GDP−フコースである請求項1記載の精神分裂症診断薬。The diagnostic agent for schizophrenia according to claim 1, wherein the sugar nucleotide is GDP-fucose.
JP33862098A 1998-11-30 1998-11-30 Schizophrenia diagnostic Expired - Fee Related JP3857445B2 (en)

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