JP3842381B2

JP3842381B2 - Artillery retreat equipment

Info

Publication number: JP3842381B2
Application number: JP15755797A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 晃央村上
Original assignee: Japan Steel Works Ltd
Current assignee: Japan Steel Works Ltd
Priority date: 1997-05-30
Filing date: 1997-05-30
Publication date: 2006-11-08
Anticipated expiration: 2017-05-30
Also published as: JPH10332297A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、火砲の駐退装置に関するものであり、特に駐退装置内圧力及び後座距離を射撃条件に応じて制御可能な火砲の駐退装置に関するものである。
【０００２】
【従来の技術及びその課題】
従来の火砲（例えばりゆう弾砲）の駐退装置は、図５に示すように砲架部１０７に揺動自在に支持される揺架部１０２と、揺架部１０２に設けたシリンダ１０３（駐退管）と、砲身１００を有する砲部１０１にピストン棒１０６を介して固定され、シリンダ１０３に摺動自在に嵌合するピストン１０４とを有し、このシリンダ１０３内のピストン１０４の両側を連通するように、図６に示す少なくとも１個の漏孔１０５を設けた構造を有している。
【０００３】
砲部１０１の後座運動に際しては、漏孔１０５がシリンダ１０３内の作動液（油）の流れを絞り、駐退装置内の圧力を上昇させることにより、砲部１０１に減速力を発生させる。この漏孔１０５は、一般に、火砲の運用上で最も大きな衝撃力を生む最大の発射装薬のガス圧力に基づいて、所定の後座距離（緩衝長）の範囲内で後座運動が終了するように、所定の後座抗力が得られることを考慮して設計されている。また、この後座距離は、射角に応じて変化させることが望ましく、漏孔１０５を可変溝として形成し、短後座距離及び長後座距離として設定されるようになつている。
【０００４】
後座距離を短後座距離及び長後座距離として設定する理由について説明する。火砲が図５に示すように仰角０°の水平射撃を行なうと、砲部１０１に連結されたピストン１０４が、図６に矢印で示すようにシリンダ１０３内を後座方向へと移動し、作動液が漏孔１０５を通つて押し出される。このとき、漏孔１０５が作動液の流れを絞るため、流動抵抗を生じて緩衝され、これに伴つて作動液の温度が上昇する。このような仰角０°の射撃では、砲部１０１の後座運動が支障され難いため、漏孔１０５を大きめに設定し、長後座距離を確保すると共にシリンダ１０３内圧力（駐退装置内圧力）を低下させることができる。
【０００５】
他方、同じ大きさの漏孔１０５を有する火砲が図７に示すような仰角４５°の射撃を行なつた場合、砲部１０１が砲架部１０７又は地面と干渉を生じる。そこで、この砲部１０１の射角変化に対し、漏孔１０５の大きさを追従変化させ、無効な圧力ピークを抑制しつつ後座距離を調節している。しかして、漏孔１０５が射撃条件に適して設計されていると、駐退装置内圧力は、後座距離に対して理想的な曲線を描くことになる。
【０００６】
しかしながら、このような従来の火砲の駐退装置にあつては、漏孔の大きさは、砲身１００の仰角変化に対してのみ連動させて変化させる構造となつていたため、駐退装置内圧力に無効な圧力ピークひいては過大な後座抗力を発生させ、或いは後座距離が長くなつて砲部１０１が砲架部１０７又は地面と干渉を生じる恐れがあるという技術的課題があつた。
【０００７】
すなわち、漏孔１０５は、砲身１００が所定の仰角を採る状態において、その設計時に設定した作動液特性、弾丸重量、発射装薬のガス圧力等の射撃条件を充足する場合においてのみ有効であるが、これらの射撃条件は射撃毎に異なつている。従来の火砲の駐退装置にあつては、このような射撃条件の変動分を調整する機能がないために駐退装置内圧力を正確に制御することができず、設計時と異なる射撃条件の下で図４に破線Ｎで示すように駐退装置内圧力のピークが発生し、後座距離の全てが緩衝作用に有効活用されない状態となつていた。
【０００８】
駐退装置に使用されている作動液は、温度によつて粘性が変化する。従つて、周囲の気温、射撃の繰り返しにより、駐退装置内圧力が変動する。また、弾丸重量及び装薬の種類又は量の変動によつて後座抗力が変化し、これに伴つて駐退装置内圧力も変動する。従つて、従来の火砲にあつては、高い後座抗力の発生を考慮して砲部１０１の支持箇所の強度を増加させる必要性が生じ、この強度増加及び火砲の安定性の確保に伴つて火砲全体の重量を必要以上に増加させる結果となつている。
【０００９】
そこで、ピストンの両側を連通する流路と、流路の断面積を増減変更するサーボバルブとを設けると共に、火砲の射撃条件に合わせてサーボバルブの開度を増減変更させ、駐退装置内圧力を制御し、無効に高い後座抗力の発生を抑制すると共に、適正な後座距離を確保することを目的としている。
【００１０】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は、このような従来の技術的課題に鑑みてなされたもので、その構成は、次の通りである。
請求項１の発明は、砲架部１０に揺動自在に支持される揺架部１に、砲部２が駐退装置３を介して移動自在に支持され、砲部２に発射装薬及び弾丸を装填し、復座位置を採る砲部２に所定の射角を与えて射撃を行ない、駐退装置３によつて緩衝させながら砲部２に後座位置を採らせる火砲の駐退装置であつて、揺架部１及び砲部２の一方に設けたシリンダ３０と、揺架部１及び砲部２の他方に固設したピストン棒３１及びピストン棒３１に取り付けたピストン３２とを有し、ピストン３２がシリンダ３０に摺動自在に嵌合してシリンダ３０内が第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とに区画され、かつ、シリンダ３０の第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とを連通する流路３５と、流路３５に設けられ、流路３５の流路断面積を増減変更するサーボバルブ３７とを有し、該シリンダ３０及び流路３５内に作動液が充填される駐退装置３を備えると共に、砲部２の射角を検出する射角検出手段４０と、作動液の温度を検出する作動液温度検出手段４１と、発射装薬の条件を設定する発射装薬設定手段（４２）と、弾丸の条件を設定する弾丸設定手段（４２）と、射角検出手段４０及び作動液温度検出手段４１による各検出信号Ｔ₁，Ｔ₂並びに発射装薬設定手段（４２）及び弾丸設定手段（４２）による各設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄に基づいた制御値Ａを設定する制御値設定手段４４とを有し、砲部２が復座位置から後座位置に至るまでの間のサーボバルブ３７の開度を制御値Ａに基づいて制御し、流路３５を流れる作動液の流動抵抗を増減調節することによつてシリンダ３０内圧力及び後座距離を調節することを特徴とする火砲の駐退装置である。
請求項２の発明は、ピストン３２とシリンダ３０との間に、第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とを連通する少なくとも１個の漏孔３６が形成されていることを特徴とする請求項２の火砲の駐退装置である。
【００１１】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して説明する。
図１，図２は、本発明に係る火砲の駐退装置の１実施の形態を示す。図中において符号１は揺架部を示し、揺架部１は、図外の脚を備える砲架部１０に揺動自在に支持され、この揺架部１には砲部２が支持されている。砲部２は、その砲身２ａが揺架部１の支持部１ａ，１ｂに摺動自在に受け入れられて前後の移動が自在である。
【００１２】
この揺架部１と砲部２との間に、駐退装置３が設けられる。駐退装置３は、揺架部１に設けたシリンダ３０と、砲部２に形成したブラケット２０と、ブラケット２０に固設したピストン棒３１の先端に取り付けたピストン３２とを有し、ピストン３２がシリンダ３０に摺動自在に嵌合することにより、シリンダ３０内を第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とに区画している。そして、シリンダ３０とピストン３２との間には、図２に示すように少なくとも１個の漏孔３６が形成され、漏孔３６によつて第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とが連通されている。
【００１３】
更に、シリンダ３０の第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とを連通する流路３５が形成され、この流路３５に、漏孔３６と同様に絞りとして機能するサーボバルブ３７を設けてある。流路３５は、シリンダ３０の外部に形成され、第１圧力室３３及び第２圧力室３４に常時開口している。このシリンダ３０及び流路３５内には、作動液（油）が充填されている。
【００１４】
図２では、ピストン３２の直径方向に漏孔３６，３６が形成され、シリンダ３０の内面には中心軸線方向に次第に高さが変化する凸条３０ａ，３０ｂが形成されている。この各漏孔３６にそれぞれ凸条３０ａ，３０ｂが係合することにより、ピストン３２の後座運動時の各漏孔３６の流路断面積が増減変化するようになつている。火砲が復座位置を採る状態では、図２に示すように漏孔３６が大きく絞られた状態にあり、後座移動を開始すると直ぐに漏孔３６が大きく開放された状態となり、後座運動の中間点から漏孔３６が次第に絞られた状態となり、最も後退した後座位置では復座位置を採る場合とほぼ同様に漏孔３６が大きく絞られた状態となる。なお、この漏孔３６，３６は、射角に応じて変化させる可変溝として形成する必要は必ずしもなく、固定溝によつて形成することができる。
【００１５】
サーボバルブ３７の開度は、砲身２ａの仰角つまり射角値、作動液の温度、弾丸の重量並びに発射装薬の種類及び量によつて定まるガス圧力等の射撃条件に応じて制御する。このため、砲架部１０に対して揺動する箇所としての揺架部１に射角検出手段４０が取り付けられ、作動液が収容されている箇所としてのシリンダ３０の第１圧力室３３に作動液温度検出手段４１が取り付けられている。射角検出手段４０は、砲身２ａを含む揺架部１の傾斜角度を検出するセンサーで構成され、アナログの検出信号Ｔ₁を出力する。作動液温度検出手段４１は、温度を検出するセンサーで構成され、アナログの検出信号Ｔ₂を出力する。この射角検出手段４０及び作動液温度検出手段４１は、それぞれＡ／Ｄ変換器４５，４６を介してマイクロコンピュータ５０に接続されている。
【００１６】
また、マイクロコンピュータ５０には、発射装薬設定手段及び弾丸設定手段として機能する設定器４２が接続されている。この設定器４２において、弾丸の重量並びに発射装薬の種類及び量の条件に応じた設定を手動で行なうことにより、設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄がデジタル信号として出力され、これがマイクロコンピュータ５０に入力される。この射角検出手段４０及び作動液温度検出手段４１並びに設定器４２により、射撃緒元設定部５１を形成している。
【００１７】
マイクロコンピュータ５０は、制御値設定手段４４としての機能を有し、記憶装置に予め多種類記憶させた制御値Ａ₁，Ａ₂，Ａ₃，Ａ₄・・・の中から、射角検出手段４０及び作動液温度検出手段４１による各検出信号Ｔ₁，Ｔ₂並びに設定器４２による各設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄に基づいて、所定の制御値Ａを選び出す。この制御値Ａにより、サーボバルブ３７の開度が後座運動するピストン３２の位置に応じて増減変更され、後座運動時に高圧側となるシリンダ３０の第１圧力室３３に所定の駐退装置内圧力が設定される。
【００１８】
制御値Ａによつて制御されるサーボバルブ３７の開度は、漏孔３６，３６の流路断面積との和により、所定の後座距離を確保した状態において、駐退装置内圧力が無効に高い圧力ピークの無い理想的な曲線を描くように設定される。所定の後座距離を確保することにより、砲部２と砲架部１０又は地面との干渉を避けることができる。このような、サーボバルブ３７の開度は、射角値、作動液温、弾丸重量及び発射装薬の種類及び量の射撃条件に応じて、一般的には次のように制御する。
【００１９】
すなわち、砲身２ａの仰角つまり射角値が大きい場合には、砲部２が砲架部１０又は地面と干渉するのを避けるために、後座距離が短くなるように、仰角が小さい場合と比較してサーボバルブ３７の開度を減ずる。作動液温が高い場合には、作動液の流動抵抗が減じられて後座距離が長くなる傾向を呈するので、後座距離が短くなるように、作動液温が低い場合と比較してサーボバルブ３７の開度を減ずる。
【００２０】
また、砲部２と砲架部１０又は地面との干渉を避けながら、次の事柄も考慮する。すなわち、弾丸重量が大きい場合には、大きな後座抗力が生ずるため、後座距離が長くなるように、弾丸重量が小さい場合と比較してサーボバルブ３７の開度を可及的に増加する。発射装薬が大量である場合には、大きなガス圧力に基づく大きな後座抗力が生ずるため、後座距離が長くなるように、発射装薬が少量である場合と比較してサーボバルブ３７の開度を可及的に増加する。発射装薬の種類も、大きなガス圧力が生ずる種類の場合には、後座距離が長くなるようにサーボバルブ３７の開度を可及的に増加する。
【００２１】
次に、作用について説明する。
射撃に際しては、先ず、設定器４２において、弾丸重量及び発射装薬のガス圧を設定し、設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄をマイクロコンピュータ５０に読み込む。また、射角検出手段４０及び作動液温度検出手段４１による射角値及び作動液温に応じた各検出信号Ｔ₁，Ｔ₂をマイクロコンピュータ５０に読み込む。これにより、各検出信号Ｔ₁，Ｔ₂及び設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄に基づいて、制御値設定手段４４において所定の制御値Ａが設定される。
【００２２】
砲部２に発射装薬及び弾丸を装填し、砲部２が復座位置を採る状態で射撃が行なわれると、砲部２が後座運動をしながらサーボバルブ３７の開度が制御値Ａに基づいて増減変更される。砲部２の後座運動により、ブラケット２０、ピストン棒３１及びピストン３２が後退し、第１圧力室３３に圧力上昇を生ずると共に、漏孔３６及びサーボバルブ３７を作動流体が流れ、緩衝作用が発揮される。サーボバルブ３７の開度は、漏孔３６の流路断面積との和により、駐退装置内圧力が後座位置に対して理想的な曲線を描くように設定されている。これにより、射撃が開始された後、各種の射角、作動液温、弾丸重量及び発射装薬のガス圧に応じた適正な圧力が第１圧力室３３に生じ、サーボバルブ３７及び漏孔３６において所定の流動抵抗を生じ、適正な緩衝作用が発揮される。この制御値Ａに基づく後座距離−駐退装置内圧力の特性が得られることにより、無効な圧力ピークの発生が無い理想的な駐退装置内圧力が得られると共に、砲部２と砲架部１０又は地面との干渉が防止された理想的な後座距離が得られる。
【００２３】
いま、図１に示すように仰角０°の射撃が行なわれる場合には、制御値Ａに基づく第２圧力室３４内の圧力の制御により、図３に実線Ｌで示す駐退装置内圧力が与えられ、緩衝作用が発揮される。また、仰角４５°の射撃が行なわれる場合には、図４に実線Ｍで示す駐退装置内圧力が与えられ、緩衝作用が発揮される。このようにして、各種の仰角に応じた適正な駐退装置内圧力が与えられ、緩衝作用が発揮される。例えば、仰角４５°の射撃が行なわれ、作動液温、弾丸重量及び発射装薬のガス圧に応じた制御がなされない場合、これらの射撃条件の変動によつて図４に破線Ｎで示すように無効な圧力ピークを伴い、後座運動に伴つて高圧となる第１圧力室３３に最大圧力ｘ₂を生ずる。これに対し、作動液温、弾丸重量及び発射装薬のガス圧に応じた制御を行なうことにより、図４に実線Ｍで示すように後座距離ｙ₂を適正距離としながら適宜に低減させた最大圧力ｘ₃を生じさせることができる。なお、最後退して後座位置を採つた砲部２は、その後、図外の復座機が作動して復座位置に戻される。
【００２４】
ところで、上記の１実施の形態にあつては、マイクロコンピュータ５０の記憶装置に予め多種類記憶させた制御値Ａ₁，Ａ₂，Ａ₃，Ａ₄・・・から、射角検出手段４０及び作動液温度検出手段４１による各検出信号Ｔ₁，Ｔ₂並びに設定器４２による各設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄に基づいて、制御値設定手段４４によつて所定の制御値Ａを選び出した。しかしながら、射角検出手段４０の検出信号Ｔ₁にのみ基づく基本的制御値を選び出した後、この基本的制御値を作動液温度検出手段４１による検出信号Ｔ₂及び設定器４２による各設定信号Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄に基づいて補正を行つて制御値を得、この補正後の制御値によつてサーボバルブ３７の開度を増減調節し、駐退装置内圧力に無効な圧力ピークが発生することを防止すると共に、所定の後座距離を与えることも可能である。
【００２５】
また、上記の１実施の形態にあつては、第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４とを連通する漏孔３４を有するものについて説明したが、漏孔３４を省略し、第１圧力室３３と第２圧力室３４との間の作動液の流動のほぼ全てをサーボバルブ３７の開度によつて増減調節することも可能である。また、砲部２にシリンダ３０を設け、揺架部１にピストン棒３１を介してピストン３２を固定しても、駐退装置３として同様の作用を得ることができる。
【００２６】
【発明の効果】
以上の説明によつて理解されるように、本発明に係る火砲の駐退装置によれば、次の効果を奏することができる。
すなわち、砲部が復座位置から後座位置に至るまでの後座運動の間のサーボバルブの開度を射撃条件に応じて設定された制御値によつて制御し、流路を流れる作動液の流動抵抗を増減調節することにより、シリンダ内圧力及び後座距離を調節した。これにより、後座距離が長くなつて砲部が砲架部又は地面と干渉を生じることを防止しながら、無効に高い後座抗力の発生を抑制することができる。その結果、従来の駐退装置に比して射撃時の反動が低減されることになり、火砲の強度を低下させることができるのみならず、火砲の安定化及び火砲全体の重量の軽減につながる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の１実施の形態に係る火砲を一部断面で示す図。
【図２】同じく駐退装置を示す断面図。
【図３】仰角０°の射撃における後座距離−駐退装置内圧力の特性を示す線図。
【図４】仰角４５°の射撃における後座距離−駐退装置内圧力の特性を示す線図。
【図５】従来の火砲を一部断面で示す図。
【図６】同じく駐退装置の要部を示す断面図。
【図７】同じく仰角４５°の射撃を行なう火砲を一部断面で示す図。
【符号の説明】
１：揺架部、２：砲部、３：駐退装置、１０：砲架部、３０：シリンダ、３１：ピストン棒、３２：ピストン、３３：第１圧力室、３４：第２圧力室、３５：流路、３６：漏孔、３７：サーボバルブ、４０：射角検出手段、４１：作動液温度検出手段、４２：設定器（発射装薬設定手段、弾丸設定手段）、４４：制御値設定手段、Ａ：制御値、Ｔ₁，Ｔ₂：検出信号、Ｔ₃，Ｔ₄：設定信号。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a firearm retreating device, and more particularly to a firearm retreating device capable of controlling the retreating device internal pressure and the rear seat distance according to shooting conditions.
[0002]
[Prior art and problems]
As shown in FIG. 5, a conventional artillery (for example, Riyu ammunition) parking / retracting device includes a swing unit 102 that is swingably supported by a gun mount unit 107, and a cylinder 103 ( And a piston 104 that is fixed to a gun portion 101 having a barrel 100 via a piston rod 106 and that is slidably fitted to a cylinder 103. Both sides of the piston 104 in the cylinder 103 are provided on both sides of the piston 104. In order to communicate with each other, at least one leakage hole 105 shown in FIG. 6 is provided.
[0003]
During the rear seat movement of the gun unit 101, the leak hole 105 throttles the flow of hydraulic fluid (oil) in the cylinder 103 and raises the pressure in the parking device, thereby generating a deceleration force in the gun unit 101. The leak hole 105 generally completes the rear seat movement within a predetermined rear seat distance (buffer length) based on the gas pressure of the maximum propellant charge that produces the greatest impact force in the operation of the gun. Thus, it is designed in consideration of the fact that a predetermined rear seat drag can be obtained. Further, the rear seat distance is preferably changed according to the angle of incidence, and the leak hole 105 is formed as a variable groove so as to be set as a short rear seat distance and a long rear seat distance.
[0004]
The reason why the rear seat distance is set as the short rear seat distance and the long rear seat distance will be described. When the gun performs horizontal shooting at an elevation angle of 0 ° as shown in FIG. 5, the piston 104 connected to the gun part 101 moves in the rear seat direction in the cylinder 103 as shown by the arrow in FIG. Liquid is forced through the leak hole 105. At this time, since the leak hole 105 restricts the flow of the hydraulic fluid, it is buffered by generating a flow resistance, and the temperature of the hydraulic fluid rises accordingly. In such shooting at an elevation angle of 0 °, the rear seat movement of the gun unit 101 is unlikely to be hindered. Therefore, the leak hole 105 is set to be large, a long rear seat distance is secured, and the pressure in the cylinder 103 (pressure in the retreat device) Can be reduced.
[0005]
On the other hand, when a gun having the same size of the leak hole 105 shoots at an elevation angle of 45 ° as shown in FIG. 7, the gun unit 101 interferes with the gun mount unit 107 or the ground. Therefore, the rear seat distance is adjusted while suppressing the invalid pressure peak by changing the size of the leak hole 105 in response to the change in the firing angle of the gun portion 101. Thus, when the leak hole 105 is designed to suit the shooting conditions, the pressure inside the parking device draws an ideal curve with respect to the rear seat distance.
[0006]
However, in such a conventional artillery parking and retreating device, the size of the leak hole is changed in conjunction only with the elevation angle change of the gun barrel 100, so that There has been a technical problem that an invalid pressure peak and thus an excessive rear seat drag force may be generated, or the rear seat distance may be increased, causing the gun unit 101 to interfere with the gun mount 107 or the ground.
[0007]
That is, the leak hole 105 is effective only when the gun barrel 100 takes a predetermined elevation angle and satisfies the shooting conditions such as the hydraulic fluid characteristics, the bullet weight, and the gas pressure of the firing charge set at the time of designing. These shooting conditions are different for each shooting. In conventional artillery parking equipment, there is no function to adjust the fluctuations in the shooting conditions, so the pressure inside the parking equipment cannot be controlled accurately, and the shooting conditions differ from the design conditions. As shown by the broken line N in FIG. 4 below, a peak of the pressure in the parking device occurred, and the entire rear seat distance was not effectively utilized for the buffering action.
[0008]
The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid used in the parking device changes with temperature. Accordingly, the pressure inside the parking device varies due to ambient temperature and repeated shooting. Further, the rear seat drag force changes due to the change in the weight of the bullet and the type or amount of the charge, and the pressure in the retracting device also changes accordingly. Therefore, in the conventional artillery, it is necessary to increase the strength of the supporting portion of the gun unit 101 in consideration of the generation of a high rear seat drag force. With the increase in strength and the stability of the artillery, it is necessary. The result is an unnecessarily increased weight of the entire artillery.
[0009]
Therefore, a flow path that communicates both sides of the piston and a servo valve that increases or decreases the cross-sectional area of the flow path are provided. The purpose of this is to suppress the generation of an invalid high rear seat drag force and to secure an appropriate rear seat distance.
[0010]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention has been made in view of such a conventional technical problem, and the configuration thereof is as follows.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the gun unit 2 is supported by the cradle unit 1 slidably supported by the gun rack unit 10 via the parking device 3, and A firearm retreating device that loads bullets, gives a predetermined angle of fire to the cannon 2 that takes the back seat position, shoots, and causes the cannon 2 to take the rear seat position while buffering by the retreating device 3 Therefore, a cylinder 30 provided on one of the cradle 1 and the gun 2, a piston rod 31 fixed on the other of the cradle 1 and the gun 2, and a piston 32 attached to the piston rod 31 are provided. The piston 32 is slidably fitted into the cylinder 30 so that the inside of the cylinder 30 is divided into a first pressure chamber 33 and a second pressure chamber 34, and the first pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure of the cylinder 30 are separated. A flow path 35 that communicates with the chamber 34, and a servo that is provided in the flow path 35 and that increases or decreases the cross-sectional area of the flow path 35. A firing angle detecting means 40 for detecting the firing angle of the gun unit 2, and a temperature of the working fluid. Hydraulic fluid temperature detecting means 41 for detecting the condition, projectile setting means (42) for setting the conditions of the projectile, bullet setting means (42) for setting the conditions of the bullet, the angle of detection means 40 and the operation Control values for setting the control values A based on the detection signals T ₁ and T ₂ by the liquid temperature detection means 41 and the setting signals T ₃ and T ₄ by the projectile setting means (42) and the bullet setting means (42). A setting means 44, and controls the opening of the servo valve 37 during the period from the reverse seat position to the rear seat position based on the control value A, and the flow of hydraulic fluid flowing through the flow path 35. By adjusting the resistance, the pressure in the cylinder 30 and the rear seat distance can be reduced. A parking retreat apparatus artillery, characterized in that the sections.
The invention of claim 2 is characterized in that at least one leakage hole 36 communicating the first pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure chamber 34 is formed between the piston 32 and the cylinder 30. Item 2 is a firearm retreating device.
[0011]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
1 and 2 show an embodiment of a firearm retreating apparatus according to the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a rocking portion, and the rocking portion 1 is swingably supported by a gun rack portion 10 having a leg (not shown), and a gun portion 2 is supported by the rocking portion 1. Yes. The gun part 2 has its gun barrel 2a slidably received by the support parts 1a and 1b of the cradle part 1 and can move back and forth.
[0012]
Between the cradle unit 1 and the gun unit 2, a parking device 3 is provided. The parking / retreat apparatus 3 includes a cylinder 30 provided on the cradle 1, a bracket 20 formed on the gun 2, and a piston 32 attached to a tip of a piston rod 31 fixed to the bracket 20. Is slidably fitted into the cylinder 30, thereby dividing the inside of the cylinder 30 into a first pressure chamber 33 and a second pressure chamber 34. As shown in FIG. 2, at least one leak hole 36 is formed between the cylinder 30 and the piston 32, and the first pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure chamber 34 communicate with each other through the leak hole 36. Has been.
[0013]
Further, a flow path 35 that communicates the first pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure chamber 34 of the cylinder 30 is formed, and a servo valve 37 that functions as a throttle is provided in the flow path 35, similarly to the leak hole 36. . The flow path 35 is formed outside the cylinder 30 and is always open to the first pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure chamber 34. The cylinder 30 and the flow path 35 are filled with hydraulic fluid (oil).
[0014]
In FIG. 2, leakage holes 36 are formed in the diameter direction of the piston 32, and protrusions 30 a, 30 b whose height gradually changes in the central axis direction are formed on the inner surface of the cylinder 30. By projecting the ridges 30a and 30b to the respective leak holes 36, the flow passage cross-sectional area of each leak hole 36 during the rear seat movement of the piston 32 is increased or decreased. As shown in FIG. 2, when the gun is in the reverse seating position, the leak hole 36 is greatly squeezed. As soon as the rear seat movement is started, the leak hole 36 is greatly opened, and the rear seat movement is performed. The leak hole 36 is gradually narrowed from the intermediate point, and the leak hole 36 is greatly narrowed at the most backwardly moved rear seat position in the same manner as when the reverse seat position is taken. The leak holes 36, 36 are not necessarily formed as variable grooves that change in accordance with the angle of incidence, and can be formed by fixed grooves.
[0015]
The opening degree of the servo valve 37 is controlled in accordance with the shooting conditions such as the gas pressure determined by the elevation angle, that is, the shooting angle value of the gun barrel 2a, the temperature of the hydraulic fluid, the weight of the bullet, and the type and amount of the shooting charge. For this reason, the angle-of-fire detection means 40 is attached to the cradle part 1 as a part that oscillates with respect to the gun rack part 10 and operates in the first pressure chamber 33 of the cylinder 30 as a part in which the hydraulic fluid is stored. Liquid temperature detecting means 41 is attached. Elevation angle detecting means 40 is constituted by a sensor for detecting the inclination angle of Yuraka portion 1 including the barrel 2a, and outputs a detection signal T ₁ of the analog. Hydraulic fluid temperature detection means 41 is constituted by a sensor for detecting the temperature, and outputs a detection signal T ₂ of the analog. The launch angle detection means 40 and the hydraulic fluid temperature detection means 41 are connected to the microcomputer 50 via A / D converters 45 and 46, respectively.
[0016]
The microcomputer 50 is connected to a setting device 42 that functions as a firing charge setting means and a bullet setting means. In this setting device 42, the setting signals T ₃ and T ₄ are output as digital signals by manually performing setting according to the conditions of the weight of the bullet and the type and amount of the projectile charge, and this is input to the microcomputer 50. Is done. The firing angle detection means 40, the hydraulic fluid temperature detection means 41, and the setting device 42 form a shooting origin setting unit 51.
[0017]
The microcomputer 50 has a function as the control value setting means 44, and from among the control values A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ , A _4. A predetermined control value A is selected on the basis of the detection signals T ₁ and T _{2 from the} control unit 40 and the hydraulic fluid temperature detection means 41 and the setting signals T ₃ and T _{4 from the} setting device 42. With this control value A, the opening degree of the servo valve 37 is increased or decreased according to the position of the piston 32 that performs the rear seat movement, and a predetermined parking device is installed in the first pressure chamber 33 of the cylinder 30 that is on the high pressure side during the rear seat movement. The internal pressure is set.
[0018]
The opening of the servo valve 37 controlled by the control value A is invalid in a state where the predetermined rear seat distance is ensured by the sum of the passage cross-sectional area of the leak holes 36 and 36 and the pressure in the retreating device is invalid. It is set to draw an ideal curve without a high pressure peak. By securing a predetermined rear seat distance, interference between the gun part 2 and the gun mount 10 or the ground can be avoided. The opening degree of the servo valve 37 is generally controlled as follows according to the shooting condition of the shooting angle value, the hydraulic fluid temperature, the bullet weight, and the type and amount of the shooting charge.
[0019]
That is, when the elevation angle of the gun barrel 2a, that is, the firing angle value is large, compared with the case where the elevation angle is small so that the rear seat distance is shortened in order to avoid the gun unit 2 from interfering with the gun mount 10 or the ground. Thus, the opening degree of the servo valve 37 is reduced. When the hydraulic fluid temperature is high, the flow resistance of the hydraulic fluid is reduced and the rear seat distance tends to be longer, so the servo valve is lower than the lower hydraulic fluid temperature so that the rear seat distance is shorter. Decrease the opening of 37.
[0020]
Further, the following matters are also taken into consideration while avoiding interference between the gun unit 2 and the gun mount 10 or the ground. That is, when the bullet weight is large, a large rear seat drag is generated, so that the opening degree of the servo valve 37 is increased as much as possible as compared with the case where the bullet weight is small so that the rear seat distance is increased. When the amount of the propellant is large, a large rear seat drag force based on a large gas pressure is generated, so that the servo valve 37 is opened compared to the case where the amount of the propellant is small so that the rear seat distance is increased. Increase the degree as much as possible. In the case of the type of propellant charge that generates a large gas pressure, the opening degree of the servo valve 37 is increased as much as possible so that the rear seat distance is increased.
[0021]
Next, the operation will be described.
At the time of shooting, first, the setting device 42 sets the bullet weight and the gas pressure of the firing charge, and reads the setting signals T ₃ and T ₄ into the microcomputer 50. Further, the detection signals T ₁ and T ₂ corresponding to the angle of incidence value and the operating fluid temperature by the emitting angle detecting means 40 and the operating fluid temperature detecting means 41 are read into the microcomputer 50. Thus, the predetermined control value A is set in the control value setting means 44 based on the detection signals T ₁ and T ₂ and the setting signals T ₃ and T ₄ .
[0022]
When the gun unit 2 is loaded with a projectile charge and a bullet, and the gun unit 2 takes a retreating position and fires, the opening degree of the servo valve 37 is controlled by the control value A. Increase / decrease based on The rear seat movement of the gun unit 2 causes the bracket 20, the piston rod 31 and the piston 32 to retreat, causing a pressure increase in the first pressure chamber 33, and a working fluid to flow through the leak hole 36 and the servo valve 37, thereby providing a buffering action. Demonstrated. The opening degree of the servo valve 37 is set so that the pressure in the parking device draws an ideal curve with respect to the rear seat position, based on the sum of the flow passage cross-sectional area of the leak hole 36. As a result, after firing is started, appropriate pressures corresponding to various firing angles, hydraulic fluid temperatures, bullet weights, and gas pressures of the projectile are generated in the first pressure chamber 33, and the servo valve 37 and the leak hole 36 are generated. In this case, a predetermined flow resistance is generated and an appropriate buffering action is exhibited. By obtaining the characteristic of the rear seat distance-retreating device pressure based on the control value A, an ideal retreating device pressure without occurrence of an invalid pressure peak can be obtained, and the gun unit 2 and the gun mount An ideal rear seat distance in which interference with the portion 10 or the ground is prevented can be obtained.
[0023]
As shown in FIG. 1, when shooting at an elevation angle of 0 ° is performed, the pressure in the retreating device indicated by the solid line L in FIG. 3 is controlled by controlling the pressure in the second pressure chamber 34 based on the control value A. Given, buffer action is exerted. Further, when shooting at an elevation angle of 45 °, the pressure in the parking / retreat apparatus indicated by the solid line M in FIG. 4 is applied, and a buffering action is exhibited. In this way, an appropriate pressure in the retracting apparatus according to various elevation angles is given, and a buffering effect is exhibited. For example, when shooting is performed at an elevation angle of 45 ° and control is not performed in accordance with the hydraulic fluid temperature, bullet weight, and gas pressure of the projectile, as indicated by a broken line N in FIG. with an invalid pressure peak produces a maximum pressure x ₂ into the first pressure chamber 33 to be accompanied connexion pressure to the rear seat movement. In contrast, by performing the control in accordance with the gas pressure of the hydraulic fluid temperature, bullet weight and propelling charge, were appropriately reduced while the rear seat distance y ₂ and the appropriate distance as shown by the solid line M in FIG. 4 it can produce a maximum pressure x _3. In addition, the gun part 2 which retreated last and took the back seat position is then returned to the back seat position by operating the reverse seat (not shown).
[0024]
By the way, in the above-described embodiment, from the control values A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ , A ₄ ... Based on the detection signals T ₁ , T _{2 from the} hydraulic fluid temperature detection means 41 and the setting signals T ₃ , T _{4 from the} setting device 42, a predetermined control value A is selected by the control value setting means 44. However, after selecting a basic control value based only on the detection signal T ₁ of the launch angle detection means 40, this basic control value is used as a detection signal T ₂ by the hydraulic fluid temperature detection means 41 and each setting signal T by the setting device 42. _3, on the basis of the T ₄ give the paragraph shall control value correction, to the opening of the Yotsute servo valve 37 to the control value increases or decreases adjusted after correction, invalid pressure peak occurs in the parking retreat apparatus pressure In addition, it is possible to provide a predetermined backseat distance.
[0025]
Further, in the above-described one embodiment, the one having the leak hole 34 communicating the first pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure chamber 34 has been described, but the leak hole 34 is omitted and the first pressure chamber is omitted. It is also possible to increase or decrease almost all the flow of the hydraulic fluid between the pressure chamber 33 and the second pressure chamber 34 according to the opening degree of the servo valve 37. Even if the cylinder 30 is provided in the gun portion 2 and the piston 32 is fixed to the rocking portion 1 via the piston rod 31, the same action can be obtained as the parking and retreating device 3.
[0026]
【The invention's effect】
As can be understood from the above description, the artillery parking and retreating device according to the present invention can provide the following effects.
That is, the opening of the servo valve during the rear seat movement from the rear seat position to the rear seat position is controlled by the control value set according to the shooting condition, and the hydraulic fluid flowing through the flow path The in-cylinder pressure and the rear seat distance were adjusted by adjusting the flow resistance of the cylinder. Accordingly, it is possible to suppress the generation of an invalid high rear seat drag while preventing the gun portion from interfering with the gun mount or the ground due to a long rear seat distance. As a result, the recoil at the time of shooting is reduced compared to conventional parking equipment, not only can the strength of the artillery be reduced, but also leads to stabilization of the artillery and reduction of the overall weight of the artillery. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of a gun according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a parking device.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a characteristic of rear seat distance vs. pressure inside and out of the device in shooting at an elevation angle of 0 °.
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the characteristics of rear seat distance vs. pressure inside and out of the device in shooting at an elevation angle of 45 °.
FIG. 5 is a partial cross-sectional view of a conventional artillery.
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the main part of the parking / retreat apparatus.
FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of a firearm that similarly fires at an elevation angle of 45 °.
[Explanation of symbols]
1: Rocking part, 2: Gun part, 3: Retreat device, 10: Gun part, 30: Cylinder, 31: Piston rod, 32: Piston, 33: First pressure chamber, 34: Second pressure chamber, 35: flow path, 36: leak hole, 37: servo valve, 40: firing angle detection means, 41: hydraulic fluid temperature detection means, 42: setter (fired charge setting means, bullet setting means), 44: control value Setting means, A: control value, T ₁ , T ₂ : detection signal, T ₃ , T ₄ : setting signal.

Claims

The gun part (2) is movably supported by the cradle part (1) supported by the gun rack part (10) so as to be swingable, and fired on the gun part (2). Load the charge and bullets, shoot at a predetermined angle of fire to the gun part (2) taking the back seat position, and back seat the gun part (2) while buffering it with the parking device (3) A firearm expedition device that takes the position,
A cylinder (30) provided on one of the cradle part (1) and the gun part (2), and a piston rod (31) and a piston bar (fixed to the other of the cradle part (1) and gun part (2) ( 31), and the piston (32) is slidably fitted into the cylinder (30) so that the cylinder (30) has a first pressure chamber (33) and a second pressure chamber. (34), and provided in the flow path (35) and the flow path (35) communicating the first pressure chamber (33) and the second pressure chamber (34) of the cylinder (30), A parking valve (37) having a servo valve (37) for increasing / decreasing the flow path cross-sectional area of the flow path (35) and filling the cylinder (30) and the flow path (35) with working fluid. As well as
A shooting angle detection means (40) for detecting the shooting angle of the gun part (2), a hydraulic fluid temperature detection means (41) for detecting the temperature of the hydraulic fluid, and a propellant setting means for setting the conditions of the propellant charge (42), bullet setting means (42) for setting bullet conditions, detection signals (T ₁ , T ₂ ) and firing charges from the angle of incidence detection means (40) and the hydraulic fluid temperature detection means (41) Control value setting means (44) for setting the control value (A) based on the setting signals (T ₃ , T ₄ ) by the setting means (42) and the bullet setting means (42),
Based on the control value (A), the opening degree of the servo valve (37) from when the gun section (2) reaches the rear seat position to the rear seat position is controlled, and the flow of the hydraulic fluid flowing through the flow path (35) A firearm parking and retreating device characterized in that the pressure in the cylinder (30) and the rear seat distance are adjusted by increasing or decreasing the resistance.

Between the piston (32) and the cylinder (30), at least one leak hole (36) that communicates the first pressure chamber (33) and the second pressure chamber (34) is formed. The firearm retreat apparatus according to claim 2.