JP3842014B2 - Bearing steel wire that can omit wire drawing - Google Patents
Bearing steel wire that can omit wire drawing Download PDFInfo
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- JP3842014B2 JP3842014B2 JP2000173483A JP2000173483A JP3842014B2 JP 3842014 B2 JP3842014 B2 JP 3842014B2 JP 2000173483 A JP2000173483 A JP 2000173483A JP 2000173483 A JP2000173483 A JP 2000173483A JP 3842014 B2 JP3842014 B2 JP 3842014B2
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- wire
- bearing steel
- steel wire
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Description
【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、伸線加工を省略できる軸受鋼線材に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、軸受用鋼球、ころは、圧延のままの軸受鋼線材を用いて、酸洗し、球状化焼鈍し、さらに酸洗し、表面処理工程と伸線加工工程とを経て切断された後、鍛造加工、研摩、焼入れ・焼戻し処理し、仕上げ研摩工程を経て製造されている。而して、軸受用鋼球、ころは、寸法精度が高いことが要求されているため、その製造工程においては、特に鍛造加工に供される線材の寸法精度が厳しく管理されている。そのため、鍛造加工の前に、線径を所定の寸法に精度良く調整する目的で伸線加工工程が必須であった。伸線加工は、圧延や酸洗により生じる線径のばらつき、あるいは表面粗さのばらつきを修正することを目的として圧延が行われている。
【0003】
しかしながら、冷間鍛造時の鍛造割れを防止するため、伸線加工時に表面疵の検査を行うことが要求されている。そのため、軸受鋼線材では、一般硬鋼線のような高速伸線が行えず、生産性が低いという問題がある。また、さらに軸受用のため、伸線後の線径の線径公差が厳しく要求され、伸線ダイスを頻度良く交換する必要がる。このように、伸線加工を行うために工程が複雑となり、製造コストの増加をもたらすことから、軸受鋼線材において圧延材から伸線加工を行わずに鋼球やころ等の軸受けを製造する方法として、例えば特開平11−279695号公報のように、C,Si,Mn,Crを適正値に調整し、さらにS:0.010%重量以下とする鋼素材を、酸洗後の表面粗さRaが1.0μm以下、かつ線径の公差が±0.10mm以内にする軸受鋼線材が開示されている。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
しかしながら、上記した特開平11−279695号公報においては、最終酸洗後の表面粗さが1.0μm以下、線径の公差が±0.10mm以内で製造可能としているが、圧延材を伸線せずに鋼球やころを製造するヘッダー加工を行う際には、ダイスのクリアランスが非常に小さいため伸線材並みの寸法精度が要求される。そのため、上記技術に示される寸法公差内であっても真円度が良好でないとダイスに引っ掛かるなどの現象が発生し問題が生じる。また、皮膜量を管理しないと皮膜過多によるカス詰まり、過少によるダイス焼付け等の問題を生じる。
【0005】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上述したような問題を解消するべく、発明者らは鋭意開発を進めた結果、線径の公差が±0.12mm以内で、かつ偏径差0.16mm未満の軸受鋼線材で皮膜量を5〜10g/m2 に管理すれば伸線加工を省略できることを見出したものである。その発明の要旨とするところは、
質量%で、C:0.95〜1.10%、Si:0.15〜0.70%、Mn:0.20〜1.15%、S:0.025%以下、Cr:0.9〜1.6%を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する軸受鋼線材であって、線径の公差が±0.12mm以内であり、かつ偏径差0.16mm未満の鋼線材で、スマット量と燐酸亜鉛カルシウム皮膜の総皮膜量を5〜10g/m2 に調整することを特徴とする伸線加工を省略できる軸受鋼線材にある。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明に係る鋼線材の成分組成の限定理由について説明する。
C:0.95〜1.10%
Cは、硬さを増加させる元素であり、本発明の用途である軸受の鋼球やころには所定の硬さを得るために0.95%以上含有させる必要がある。一方、1.15%を超えると、球状化組織の形成が阻害される。従って、その範囲を0.95〜1.15%とした。
Si:0.15〜0.70%
Siは、製鋼時の脱酸剤として作用する以外、焼入れ性を向上させる元素である。その効果を得るためには0.15%以上必要である。しかし、0.70%を超えて添加してもその効果は期待できないため、その上限を0.70%とした。
【0007】
Mn:0.20〜1.15%
Mnは、Siと同様に脱酸剤として作用しさらに焼入性を向上させる元素であるが、添加量が0.20%未満では、その効果が十分でなく、また、1.15%を超える添加は、球状化組織が不安定となる。そのため、その範囲を0.20〜1.15%とした。
S:0.025%以下
Sは、本発明の重要な構成要素である元素であり、スケールの生成量を増加させる傾向がある。このため、上限を0.025%とした。
【0008】
Cr:0.9〜1.6%
Crは、球状化組織を安定して生成させ、焼入性を向上させる元素であり、0.9%以上添加する。しかし、1.6%を超えて添加しても効果が飽和する上添加量の増加によりコスト高となる。従って、その範囲を0.9〜1.6%とした。
【0009】
次に、線径の寸法公差が±0.12mm以内とする。寸法公差が±0.12mmを超えると、客先でのヘッダー加工時のダイスと線材とのクリアランスが適正に保てないため伸線加工を必要となる。しかし、寸法公差だけでは十分ではなく、同一断面の最大径と最小径の差(偏径差)を管理しないと、加工時に引っ掛かり、また、製品の減肉、余肉等の体積管理を行う上での問題を生じる。すなわち、例えば鋼球製造工程での円筒刃のクリアランスを適正に保てない円筒刃等に引っ掛かり、また、切断する際には事前に寸法を測定して決められた製品の体積に合わせて切断するが偏径差が大きいと最適な長さを選定することが出来ない。
そこで、ヘッダー加工可否の検討を実機にて繰り返し検討した結果、寸法公差だけでなく偏径差を0.16mm未満とする必要があることを見出したものである。
【0010】
さらに、皮膜量については、焼鈍スケールの制御、前処理を塩酸酸洗にて行うことにより、りん酸亜鉛カルシウムと線材表面との間に残存しているスマット量を0.1g/m2 以下に抑えることが必要である。スマット量が0.1g/m2 を超えるとりん酸亜鉛カルシウム皮膜の密着性が低下するからである。また、本発明においては、燐酸亜鉛カルシウム皮膜後の金属石鹸、または石灰石鹸を省略し、しかも、スマット量と燐酸亜鉛カルシウム皮膜の総皮膜量を5〜10g/m2 にすることにより加工時の問題を解消するものである。
【0011】
【実施例】
以下、本発明について実施例によって具体的に説明する。
表1に供試材の化学組成を示す。これらの材料は線材端部の本来なら切捨てとする寸法精度の悪いものと通常部より採取したカットサンプルである。さらに球状化焼鈍、酸洗処理を施した後の線径を測定した。なお、線径の測定方法は、任意の箇所について、同一断面の最大径と最小径を測定し、公差として目標値(9.00mm)に対してばらつき範囲を算出した。評価法としてヘッダーマシン、実機にてヘッダー加工を行った。その結果を表2に示す。
【0012】
表2に示すように、No.5、6、8、15、16は本発明例であり、No.1〜4、7、9〜14は比較例である。No.1、2、7、11、12の偏径差は、それぞれ大きく、加工時に引っ掛かり等が発生した。また、No.3、4、9、10、11、13は総皮膜量が10g/m2 を超えており、ヘドロ状のガスの発生が認められた。さらに、No.9、10はスマット量が多く、また、No.13、14は寸法公差が±0.12mmを超えている。
【0013】
【表1】
【0014】
【表2】
【0015】
【発明の効果】
以上述べたように、本発明により鋼線材から鋼球、ころ等に軸受を製造するに際し、従来必要とされていた伸線加工を省略することができ、軸受製造コストを大幅に削減できる極めてすぐれた効果を奏するものである。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a bearing steel wire that can omit wire drawing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, bearing steel balls and rollers have been cut through a surface treatment process and a wire drawing process using pickled bearing steel wire rods, pickling, spheroidizing annealing, and pickling. It is manufactured through forging, polishing, quenching and tempering, and finishing polishing. Thus, since the steel balls and rollers for bearings are required to have high dimensional accuracy, the dimensional accuracy of the wire used for forging is strictly controlled in the manufacturing process. Therefore, before the forging process, a wire drawing process is essential for the purpose of accurately adjusting the wire diameter to a predetermined dimension. The wire drawing is performed for the purpose of correcting variations in wire diameter or surface roughness caused by rolling or pickling.
[0003]
However, in order to prevent forging cracks during cold forging, it is required to inspect surface defects during wire drawing. Therefore, the bearing steel wire has a problem that it cannot be drawn at a high speed like a general hard steel wire, and the productivity is low. Further, for use in bearings, the wire diameter tolerance of the wire diameter after wire drawing is strictly required, and it is necessary to frequently replace the wire drawing dies. In this way, the process for drawing wire becomes complicated, resulting in an increase in manufacturing cost. Thus, a method for manufacturing bearings such as steel balls and rollers in a bearing steel wire without performing wire drawing from a rolled material. For example, as disclosed in JP-A-11-279695, a steel material in which C, Si, Mn, and Cr are adjusted to appropriate values and S: 0.010% by weight or less is used, and the surface roughness after pickling is used. A bearing steel wire having Ra of 1.0 μm or less and a wire diameter tolerance within ± 0.10 mm is disclosed.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-279695, the surface roughness after final pickling is 1.0 μm or less, and the tolerance of the wire diameter is within ± 0.10 mm. When header processing is performed without manufacturing steel balls or rollers, the die clearance is very small, so that the same dimensional accuracy as that of the wire drawing material is required. For this reason, even within the dimensional tolerance shown in the above technique, if the roundness is not good, a phenomenon such as catching on the die occurs, causing a problem. Moreover, if the coating amount is not controlled, problems such as clogging due to excessive coating and die baking due to excessive coating occur.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have intensively developed and, as a result, have made a coating amount of 5 with a bearing steel wire having a tolerance of the wire diameter within ± 0.12 mm and a deviation of less than 0.16 mm. It has been found that the wire drawing can be omitted if it is controlled to -10 g / m 2 . The gist of the invention is that
In mass%, C: 0.95 to 1.10%, Si: 0.15 to 0.70%, Mn: 0.20 to 1.15%, S: 0.025% or less, Cr: 0.9 -1.6% bearing steel wire having a composition consisting of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities, and having a wire diameter tolerance within ± 0.12 mm and a deviation of less than 0.16 mm Thus, the present invention provides a bearing steel wire material capable of omitting the wire drawing process , wherein the smut amount and the total coating amount of the zinc calcium phosphate coating are adjusted to 5 to 10 g / m 2 .
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, the reason for limiting the component composition of the steel wire according to the present invention will be described.
C: 0.95 to 1.10%
C is an element that increases the hardness, and the steel ball or roller of the bearing, which is an application of the present invention, must contain 0.95% or more in order to obtain a predetermined hardness. On the other hand, if it exceeds 1.15%, formation of a spheroidized structure is inhibited. Therefore, the range was made 0.95-1.15%.
Si: 0.15-0.70%
Si is an element that improves hardenability except that it acts as a deoxidizer during steelmaking. In order to obtain the effect, 0.15% or more is necessary. However, even if added over 0.70%, the effect cannot be expected, so the upper limit was made 0.70%.
[0007]
Mn: 0.20 to 1.15%
Mn is an element that acts as a deoxidizer and further improves hardenability like Si, but if the addition amount is less than 0.20%, the effect is not sufficient, and it exceeds 1.15%. Addition makes the spheroidized structure unstable. Therefore, the range was made 0.20 to 1.15%.
S: 0.025% or less S is an element which is an important component of the present invention, and tends to increase the amount of scale generated. For this reason, the upper limit was made 0.025%.
[0008]
Cr: 0.9 to 1.6%
Cr is an element that stably generates a spheroidized structure and improves hardenability, and is added in an amount of 0.9% or more. However, even if added over 1.6%, the effect is saturated, and the cost increases due to an increase in the added amount. Therefore, the range was made 0.9 to 1.6%.
[0009]
Next, the dimensional tolerance of the wire diameter is set within ± 0.12 mm. When the dimensional tolerance exceeds ± 0.12 mm, the clearance between the die and the wire at the time of header processing at the customer cannot be maintained properly, and wire drawing is necessary. However, dimensional tolerance alone is not enough, and if the difference between the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter (deviation diameter difference) of the same cross section is not managed, it will be caught during processing, and volume management such as product thinning and surplus will be performed. Cause problems with. That is, for example, it is caught by a cylindrical blade or the like that cannot properly maintain the clearance of the cylindrical blade in the steel ball manufacturing process, and when cutting, it is cut according to the volume of the product determined by measuring the dimensions in advance. However, if the deviation in diameter is large, the optimum length cannot be selected.
Thus, as a result of repeatedly examining whether or not header processing is possible with an actual machine, it has been found that not only the dimensional tolerance but also the deviation in deviation needs to be less than 0.16 mm.
[0010]
Furthermore, with respect to the coating amount, the amount of smut remaining between the calcium calcium phosphate and the surface of the wire is reduced to 0.1 g / m 2 or less by controlling the annealing scale and performing pretreatment by hydrochloric acid pickling. It is necessary to suppress. This is because if the amount of smut exceeds 0.1 g / m 2 , the adhesion of the zinc calcium phosphate film is lowered. Further, in the present invention, the metal soap or lime soap after the zinc calcium phosphate coating is omitted, and the total coating amount of the smut and zinc calcium phosphate coating is 5 to 10 g / m 2 during processing. It solves the problem.
[0011]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.
Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the test materials. These materials are cut samples taken from normal parts and those with poor dimensional accuracy that are originally cut off at the ends of the wire. Further, the wire diameter after spheroidizing annealing and pickling treatment was measured. In addition, the measuring method of a wire diameter measured the maximum diameter and the minimum diameter of the same cross section about arbitrary places, and computed the variation range with respect to the target value (9.00 mm) as a tolerance. As an evaluation method, header processing was performed with a header machine and an actual machine. The results are shown in Table 2.
[0012]
As shown in Table 2, no. Nos. 5, 6, 8, 15, and 16 are examples of the present invention. 1-4, 7, and 9-14 are comparative examples. No. Differences in the diameters of 1, 2, 7, 11, and 12 were large, and catching occurred during processing. No. 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, and 13 had a total coating amount exceeding 10 g / m 2 , and generation of sludge-like gas was observed. Furthermore, no. Nos. 9 and 10 have a large amount of smut. 13 and 14 have a dimensional tolerance exceeding ± 0.12 mm.
[0013]
[Table 1]
[0014]
[Table 2]
[0015]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, when manufacturing bearings from steel wire rods to steel balls, rollers, etc. according to the present invention, it is possible to omit the wire drawing process conventionally required and to greatly reduce bearing manufacturing costs. It is effective.
Claims (1)
C:0.95〜1.10%、
Si:0.15〜0.70%、
Mn:0.20〜1.15%、
S:0.025%以下、
Cr:0.9〜1.6%、
を含み、残部Feおよび不可避的不純物からなる組成を有する軸受鋼線材であって、線径の公差が±0.12mm以内であり、かつ偏径差0.16mm未満の鋼線材で、スマット量と燐酸亜鉛カルシウム皮膜の総皮膜量を5〜10g/m2 に調整することを特徴とする伸線加工を省略できる軸受鋼線材。% By mass
C: 0.95 to 1.10%
Si: 0.15-0.70%,
Mn: 0.20 to 1.15%,
S: 0.025% or less,
Cr: 0.9 to 1.6%,
A steel wire having a composition of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities and having a wire diameter tolerance within ± 0.12 mm and a deviation of less than 0.16 mm, and a smut amount A bearing steel wire material capable of omitting the wire drawing process, wherein the total coating amount of the zinc calcium phosphate coating is adjusted to 5 to 10 g / m 2 .
Priority Applications (1)
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JP2000173483A JP3842014B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | Bearing steel wire that can omit wire drawing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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JP2000173483A JP3842014B2 (en) | 2000-06-09 | 2000-06-09 | Bearing steel wire that can omit wire drawing |
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JP2001348646A JP2001348646A (en) | 2001-12-18 |
JP3842014B2 true JP3842014B2 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
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CN107904497A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-13 | 西王金属科技有限公司 | A kind of high life bearing steel and its manufacture method |
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CN111926255A (en) * | 2020-08-11 | 2020-11-13 | 江苏联峰实业有限公司 | High-carbon chromium bearing steel and production method thereof |
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CN107904497A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-04-13 | 西王金属科技有限公司 | A kind of high life bearing steel and its manufacture method |
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