JP3838720B2 - Artificial hip joint - Google Patents

Artificial hip joint Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3838720B2
JP3838720B2 JP34951296A JP34951296A JP3838720B2 JP 3838720 B2 JP3838720 B2 JP 3838720B2 JP 34951296 A JP34951296 A JP 34951296A JP 34951296 A JP34951296 A JP 34951296A JP 3838720 B2 JP3838720 B2 JP 3838720B2
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Prior art keywords
stem
tapered
hole
head ball
taper
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JPH10179620A (en
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勝 上野
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は人の股関節を置換、修復する人工股関節に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来から、用いられている人工関節、特に人工股関節は、ステンレス鋼、コバルトクロム系合金、チタン合金などの金属を用い、骨頭球とステムは一体的もしくはテーパー嵌合によって固定されており、ステムを大腿骨中に挿入し、骨とステムとの隙間をセメントを用いて固定している。一方、臼蓋側は骨頭球を受座するポリエチレンより成るソケットをこれも骨盤にセメントを用いて固定するものである。
【0003】
近年、骨頭球はテーパー嵌合によって金属製ステムの先端に固定する構造の物が多く、材質もステンレス鋼、コバルトクロム合金等が多く用いられており、テーパー孔の深さや径を変えることによってステムにとりつけた際の高さが変化させられるようになっており、この方式が主流になりつつある。
【0004】
一方、骨頭球の材質はポリエチレンとの組合せで低摩擦、低摩耗の材質であるアルミナセラミック製のものがその性能の優秀性が認められ、多数用いられるようになってきた。ところが、セラミック製の骨頭を用いた場合に組み合わせられる金属のテーパー部との不適合による骨頭球の破損等が大きな問題となる傾向がある。人間の骨頭には最大、体重の5倍ぐらいの荷重が作用すると言われており、体重80Kgの人であれば約400Kg の荷重が作用することになり非常に大きな力が作用する。
【0005】
また長期間にわたる耐久性という点からも、高い安全係数が要求される。ところが、現実にはセラミック製の骨頭球にあけたテーパー孔にステム先端を嵌入する場合、微細な異物を噛み込むことによる不適合によってさえも骨頭球の割れを誘発する等の大きな問題がある。
【0006】
このような問題を解決する手段として、骨頭球にあけたテーパー孔と該テーパー孔に嵌入するステムの先端に形成したテーパーを完全に一致させることが必要である。
【0007】
しかしながら、機械加工でもって高精度に両者を一致させることは不可能である。
【0008】
そして、金属製ステムのテーパー部表面に規則正しく配列した凸凹を円周上に形成したもの、(例えば特開昭51−67693)、或いはステムのテーパー部を空中にしたり、スリットを形成しておき、ステムのテーパー部を骨頭球に穿設したテーパー孔の壁面形状に合致するように変形できるようにしたものなどが考えられている。しかし、上記のような手段によってもセラミック製骨頭球の割れ発生を防ぐことができず、そのため人体の機能や修復における信頼性は不完全であった。
【0009】
そこで、特開昭63−161959の発明では、セラミック製骨頭球に奥細状のテーパー孔および該テーパー孔より奥部に周壁が外側に凸な湾曲状となった空所を設け、この空所で荷重応力を分散し、骨頭球の破壊強度を高めた人工股関節を提案している。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところで、上記テーパー孔より奥部に周壁が外側に凸な湾曲状となった空所を設ける技術は非常に有効なものであったが、さらに骨頭球の信頼性を高めるために、骨頭球の破壊強度を一層高めることが望まれていた。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
そこで、本発明者は、上述のような観点からセラミック製骨頭球の機械的強度を向上せしめるべく、骨頭球のデザインについて鋭意検討を続けた結果、セラミック製の骨頭球に、奥細状のテーパー孔および該テーパー孔より奥部に空所を設け、該空所の周壁面を上記テーパー孔の中心軸に対しほぼ平行に形成することによって、大きな荷重を受けた際の単位面積当たりの最大応力が非常に小さくなり、骨頭球の強度が大幅にアップすることを見出した。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明の人工股関節は、先端側にテーパー部が形成されたステムと、前記テーパー部を嵌入する奥細状のテーパー孔が穿設されたセラミックス製の骨頭球とを備え、該骨頭球における前記テーパー孔より奥部には空所が設けられ、該空所の周壁面は、前記テーパー孔の中心軸に対してほぼ平行に形成され、かつ、前記テーパー孔の周壁面と段差なく繋がっており、前記ステムの先端部が、前記テーパー孔の壁長の1/2より奥のテーパー壁面のみに当接していることを特徴とし、骨頭球の割れ防止を図るものである。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、図によって本発明の実施形態を具体的に説明する。
第1図乃至第3図において、Bはアルミナ、ジルコニアなどセラミック製の骨頭球で、図示していない臼蓋ソケット中に回動自在に受容される。また、この骨頭球Bには奥細状のテーパー孔bが穿設してあり、このテーパー孔bのさらに奥部には、周壁面e1をほぼ垂直状、すなわち上記テーパー孔bの中心軸lに対しほぼ平行に形成した空所eが穿設してある。Sは大腿骨に挿入固定されるステムであって、このステムSはチタン合金、ステンレス鋼などの金属から成り、先端にはテーパー部Tが形成され、該テーパー部Tは前記骨頭球Bのテーパー孔b中に嵌入されることによってステムSの先端に骨頭球Bが装着されている。
【0014】
図1の人工股関節の場合、テーパー孔b、テーパー部Tの各々のテーパー角度α、βは種々の角度のものを製作し、これらの組合せによる固定力(嵌着力)、回旋抵抗力の観点から、αもβも6°程度の角度が最良で骨頭球Bのテーパー孔角度αが、ステムテーパー部角度βより2〜40分程度大きいものとしてある。
【0015】
このような角度α、βの関係を持った骨頭球BとステムSが組合せられることにより、テーパー部Tはテーパー孔bの奥深い部位、すなわち、1/2より奥深い部位にのみ当接した状態で嵌合する。
【0016】
また、図2に示したように骨頭球Bに穿設したテーパー孔bの奥方に縮小径部cを形成することによって、ステムSのテーパー部Tが嵌入された場合、上記縮小径部cにのみ当接し嵌合させることができる。
【0017】
さらに、図3のように骨頭球Bに穿設したテーパー孔bの奥まった面に対し当接するべくステムSがテーパー部Tの先端のみを膨大径部dとしたものであってもよい。
【0018】
以上のように構成される本実施形態の人工股関節は、ステムSの先端部が骨頭球Bのテーパー孔bの壁長の1/2より奥のテーパー壁面のみに当接するように構成したことにより、骨頭球Bのテーパー孔bの開口付近からの骨頭球Bの割れが防止されるとともに、上記テーパー孔bより奥部に空所eを形成したことにより、骨頭球BとステムSとの当接面に加わる荷重応力を空所eの周囲にも分散させることができるので骨頭球Bの圧縮強度を向上せしめ、さらに、その周壁面e1を上記テーパー孔の中心軸l(図1参照)に対しほぼ平行に形成したことにより、骨頭球Bの圧縮強度をさらに向上せしめてある。
【0019】
なお、上記空所eの周壁面e1について、角度はなるだけ上記テーパー孔bの中心軸lに対し平行であることが好ましいが、1°まで程度なら奥に向かって外側に開く、或いは、内側に絞った傾きがあっても構わない。しかしながら、1°より大きく奥に向かって外側に開く場合は圧縮強度の点で若干不利となり、他方、1°より大きく奥に向かって内側に絞った傾きがある場合には、圧縮強度の問題に加えて、後述のダイヤモンドチップによる加工の際の逃げが小さくなってしまうという問題点がある。
【0020】
さらに上記空所eについては、図4(A)〜(B)の説明図に示すように、骨頭球Bの作製においてテーパー孔bの壁面を回転式ダイヤモンドチップt1で精密研削する際に、まずチップt1をテーパー孔bの開口から奥に向かって作用させるが〔図4(A)〕、このチップt1を前記空所eに逃がし〔図4(B)〕、チップt1の側面形状に多少の凹凸があってもそれがテーパー孔bの奥方の壁面に転写されることがなく且つ空所eからテーパー孔bの開口に向けて折り返し精密研削することができ加工能率が上がる、という作用がある。
【0021】
ちなみに、前記空所eの上隅部の曲率半径R(図1参照)としては0.5〜2mmの範囲が好ましい。この曲率半径Rが0.5mm未満の場合、上隅部と天井面がスムーズにつながらないので荷重応力がこの部分に集中しやすく、これにより破壊強度が低くなるという問題があり、他方、2mmを超えると、周壁e1の上記テーパー孔bの中心軸lに対しほぼ平行な部分の長さが短くなり破壊強度があまり向上しないという恐れがある。
【0022】
さらに、前記空所eの高さh(図1参照)としては、1〜3mmの範囲が好ましい。この高さhが1mm未満の場合、ステムSの先端が空所eの天井面にあたり易くなり、当たってしまうとステムSが抜けやすくなる恐れあり、他方、3mmを超えると、空所eの天井面の上側の肉厚が小さくなるので、骨頭球Bの破壊強度が小さくなる恐れがある。
【0023】
モデルに基づく最大応力算出例
径22φの骨頭球のモデルを4種類デザインし、これらについて付加荷重と最大応力値をFEMの手法を用いて算出した。
【0024】
上記モデルは、モデル1が図1に基づく上記空所eの周壁面e1を上記テーパー孔bの中心軸lに対しほぼ平行に形成した骨頭球Bの本発明モデル、及びモデル2〜4が図5に示すように空所eの周壁面e2を湾曲状とした骨頭球Bの比較モデルで、それぞれ湾曲Rを0.035,0.040,0.045としたものである。なお、上記空所eの周壁面e1(モデル1/図1参照)、e2(モデル2〜4/図5参照)の形状以外は材質、形状等同一である。なお、モデル1の空所eの上隅部の曲率半径R(図1参照)は、0.8mm、また、モデル1〜4の空所eの高さh(図1参照)は2mmである。
【0025】
骨頭球Bの材質としては、3モル%イットリア含有の部分安定化ジルコニアの焼結体、ステムSの材質としてTi−6Al−4V合金を用いること、また該合金の組成変形効果を考慮した。また、ステムSと骨頭球Bの摩擦率を0.3と設定してこれを考慮に入れた。付加荷重は約4300kgf程度とし、最大応力値はテーパーのボトム部分のフィレットについて、フィレットが拡大する方向に作用する応力を算出した。
【0026】
その結果は以下のとおりである。:

Figure 0003838720
この結果から、本発明のモデル1は最大応力値がモデル4に次いで2番目に小さく、しかもモデル4よりも付加荷重が150kgfも大きいことを考慮すると、実質的に最も最大応力値が小さく、したがって、機械的強度が最も大きいことを示している。
【0027】
【発明の効果】
叙上のように本発明によれば、セラミック製の骨頭球と金属製のステムの結合において、上記テーパー孔のさらに奥部に空所を形成したことにより、▲1▼骨頭球とステムとの当接面に加わる荷重応力を空所の周囲にも分散させることができるので骨頭球の圧縮強度を向上せしめる。▲2▼骨頭球のテーパー孔の壁面を回転式ダイヤモンドチップで精密研削する際に、チップを空所に逃がすことができるので、チップの凹凸形状がテーパー孔の奥部分の壁面に転写されることがない。▲3▼且つ空所からテーパー孔の開口に向けて折り返し精密研削することができ加工能率が上がる。
【0028】
加えて、上記空所の周壁面を上記テーパー孔の中心軸に対しほぼ平行に形成したことにより、大きな荷重を受けた際の単位面積当たりの最大応力が非常に小さくなるので▲1▼骨頭球の強度を大幅にアップすることができる。▲2▼径の小さな骨頭球を作ることができるため臼蓋ソケットの慴動面を形成する高密度ポリエチレン等の肉厚を十分に厚くすることができ関節の耐用年数(寿命)を増大することができる。
【0029】
したがって、生産性に富み、高強度、長寿命、高信頼性をもった人工股関節をもたらすことができ、人類の福祉に大いに寄与することができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明実施形態による人工股関節の要部断面図である。
【図2】本発明他実施形態による人工股関節の要部断面図である。
【図3】本発明他実施形態による人工股関節の要部断面図である。
【図4】(A)、(B)は空所の作用を説明するための説明図であり、それぞれ人工股関節の骨頭球の要部断面図である。
【図5】前記最大応力値算定に用いた比較モデルの骨頭ボールの垂直断面図である。
【符号の説明】
B: 骨頭球
S: ステム
b: テーパー孔
e: 空所
e1: 周壁面
c: 縮小径部
R: 曲率半径
h: 高さ
l: 中心軸[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an artificial hip joint that replaces and repairs a human hip joint.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, artificial joints used, especially artificial hip joints, use metals such as stainless steel, cobalt-chromium alloys, titanium alloys, etc., and the headball and stem are fixed integrally or by taper fitting. It is inserted into the femur and the gap between the bone and stem is fixed using cement. On the other hand, on the acetabular side, a socket made of polyethylene for receiving the head ball is also fixed to the pelvis using cement.
[0003]
In recent years, many bone bones have a structure that is fixed to the tip of a metal stem by taper fitting, and the material is often stainless steel, cobalt chrome alloy, etc. The stem can be changed by changing the depth and diameter of the taper hole. The height when it is attached to can be changed, and this method is becoming mainstream.
[0004]
On the other hand, a material made of alumina ceramic, which is a material of low friction and low wear in combination with polyethylene, has been recognized for its superior performance and has been widely used. However, when a ceramic bone head is used, there is a tendency that damage to the head ball due to incompatibility with a metal taper portion combined becomes a serious problem. It is said that a maximum load of about 5 times the body weight is applied to the human bone head, and a load of about 400 kg is applied to a person with a weight of 80 kg.
[0005]
A high safety factor is also required from the viewpoint of durability over a long period of time. However, in reality, when a stem tip is inserted into a tapered hole formed in a ceramic bone head ball, there is a big problem that the crack of the bone head ball is induced even by non-conformity caused by biting a fine foreign material.
[0006]
As means for solving such a problem, it is necessary to completely match the taper hole formed in the headball with the taper formed at the tip of the stem fitted into the taper hole.
[0007]
However, it is impossible to match the two with high precision by machining.
[0008]
And the irregularly arranged on the surface of the tapered portion of the metal stem formed on the circumference (for example, JP-A-51-67693), or the tapered portion of the stem in the air, or formed a slit, It has been considered that the tapered portion of the stem can be deformed so as to conform to the wall surface shape of the tapered hole formed in the head ball. However, even with the above-mentioned means, it is impossible to prevent the cracking of the ceramic bone-head ball, and thus the function of the human body and the reliability in the repair are incomplete.
[0009]
Therefore, in the invention disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 63-161959, a ceramic bony head ball is provided with a narrow tapered hole and a void having a curved shape with a peripheral wall protruding outward from the taper hole. Proposes an artificial hip joint that distributes the load stress and increases the fracture strength of the skull.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, the technique of providing a cavity with a curved wall whose outer wall protrudes outward from the tapered hole has been very effective, but in order to further improve the reliability of the bone head ball, It has been desired to further increase the breaking strength.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In view of the above, the present inventor has intensively studied on the design of the bone head ball in order to improve the mechanical strength of the ceramic bone head ball from the above viewpoint, and as a result, the ceramic head bone has a narrow taper. The maximum stress per unit area when a large load is applied by providing a space behind the hole and the tapered hole and forming the peripheral wall surface of the space substantially parallel to the central axis of the tapered hole. Was found to be very small, and the strength of the osteocephalus increased significantly.
[0012]
That is, the artificial hip joint of the present invention includes a stem having a tapered portion formed on the tip side, and a ceramic bone head ball having a tapered hole into which the taper portion is fitted, and the bone head ball. A space is provided at the back of the taper hole in the hole, the peripheral wall surface of the space is formed substantially parallel to the central axis of the taper hole, and is connected to the peripheral wall surface of the taper hole without a step. Further , the distal end portion of the stem is in contact with only the tapered wall surface deeper than ½ of the wall length of the tapered hole, and is intended to prevent the fracture of the head ball.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the drawings.
1 to 3, B is a bone head ball made of ceramic such as alumina or zirconia, and is rotatably received in a acetabular socket (not shown). Further, a narrow taper hole b is formed in the bony head ball B, and a peripheral wall surface e1 is formed substantially vertically at the deep part of the taper hole b, that is, the central axis l of the taper hole b. On the other hand, a cavity e formed substantially in parallel is formed. S is a stem that is inserted into and fixed to the femur. This stem S is made of a metal such as titanium alloy or stainless steel, and a tapered portion T is formed at the tip, and the tapered portion T is a taper of the bone head ball B. A bone head ball B is attached to the distal end of the stem S by being inserted into the hole b.
[0014]
In the case of the artificial hip joint shown in FIG. 1, the taper holes α and β of the taper hole b and the taper portion T are manufactured in various angles, and from the viewpoint of fixing force (insertion force) and rotation resistance force by combining these angles. , Α and β are best at an angle of about 6 °, and the taper hole angle α of the head B is about 2 to 40 minutes larger than the stem taper angle β.
[0015]
By combining the skull B and stem S having such a relationship of angles α and β, the tapered portion T is in contact with only a deep part of the tapered hole b, that is, a part deeper than 1/2. Mating.
[0016]
Further, when the tapered portion T of the stem S is inserted by forming the reduced diameter portion c in the back of the tapered hole b formed in the osteophyte ball B as shown in FIG. Can only abut and fit.
[0017]
Further, as shown in FIG. 3, the stem S may be configured such that only the tip of the taper portion T has a huge diameter portion d so as to come into contact with the deepened surface of the taper hole b formed in the skull ball B.
[0018]
The artificial hip joint of the present embodiment configured as described above is configured such that the distal end portion of the stem S abuts only on the tapered wall surface deeper than 1/2 the wall length of the tapered hole b of the skull head ball B. Further, cracking of the head ball B from the vicinity of the opening of the taper hole b of the head ball B is prevented, and a space e is formed at the back of the taper hole b, so that the contact between the head head ball B and the stem S is prevented. Since the load stress applied to the contact surface can be dispersed around the space e, the compressive strength of the head ball B is improved, and the peripheral wall surface e1 is used as the central axis l of the tapered hole (see FIG. 1). In contrast, the compressive strength of the femoral head B is further improved by being formed substantially in parallel.
[0019]
In addition, it is preferable that the peripheral wall surface e1 of the void e is parallel to the central axis l of the tapered hole b as much as possible, but if it is up to about 1 °, it opens outward or inward. It doesn't matter if there is an inclination narrowed down. However, if it opens to the outside larger than 1 °, it is slightly disadvantageous in terms of compressive strength. On the other hand, if there is an inclination that is larger than 1 ° toward the inner side, it is a problem of compressive strength. In addition, there is a problem that escape during processing with a diamond tip described later becomes small.
[0020]
Further, as shown in the explanatory diagrams of FIGS. 4 (A) to 4 (B), when the space e is precisely ground with a rotary diamond tip t1, the wall of the tapered hole b is first prepared in the preparation of the head ball B. The tip t1 is caused to act from the opening of the taper hole b toward the back [FIG. 4A], but this tip t1 is allowed to escape to the space e [FIG. 4B], and the side surface shape of the tip t1 is slightly increased. Even if there are irregularities, it is not transferred to the wall surface behind the tapered hole b, and it can be turned back from the space e toward the opening of the tapered hole b, and precision grinding can be performed, so that the machining efficiency is improved. .
[0021]
Incidentally, the radius of curvature R (see FIG. 1) of the upper corner of the space e is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 mm. When the radius of curvature R is less than 0.5 mm, the upper corner and the ceiling surface are not smoothly connected to each other, so that the load stress is likely to concentrate on this portion, thereby causing a problem that the breaking strength is lowered, and on the other hand, exceeding 2 mm. Then, the length of the portion of the peripheral wall e1 that is substantially parallel to the central axis l of the tapered hole b may be shortened, and the fracture strength may not be improved so much.
[0022]
Furthermore, the height h of the void e (see FIG. 1) is preferably in the range of 1 to 3 mm. If the height h is less than 1 mm, the tip of the stem S tends to hit the ceiling surface of the void e, and if it hits, the stem S may be easily pulled out. On the other hand, if it exceeds 3 mm, the ceiling of the void e Since the wall thickness on the upper side of the surface is reduced, the fracture strength of the bone head ball B may be reduced.
[0023]
Example of calculating maximum stress based on model Four types of models of osteophyte having a diameter of 22φ were designed, and the applied load and the maximum stress value were calculated using the FEM technique.
[0024]
In the model, the model 1 of the present invention is a bone head ball B in which the peripheral wall surface e1 of the space e based on FIG. 1 is formed substantially parallel to the central axis l of the tapered hole b, and the models 2 to 4 are illustrated. As shown in FIG. 5, the comparative model of the bony head ball B with the peripheral wall surface e2 of the void e is curved, and the curvature R is 0.035, 0.040, 0.045, respectively. The material and shape are the same except for the shapes of the peripheral wall surface e1 (model 1 / see FIG. 1) and e2 (models 2 to 4 / see FIG. 5) of the void e. Note that the radius of curvature R (see FIG. 1) of the upper corner of the cavity 1 of the model 1 is 0.8 mm, and the height h (see FIG. 1) of the cavity e of the models 1 to 4 is 2 mm. .
[0025]
As the material of the femoral head B, a sintered part of partially stabilized zirconia containing 3 mol% yttria, the use of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy as the material of the stem S, and the composition deformation effect of the alloy were considered. In addition, the friction coefficient between the stem S and the head ball B was set to 0.3 to take this into consideration. The applied load was about 4300 kgf, and the maximum stress value was calculated as the stress acting in the direction in which the fillet expands for the fillet at the bottom of the taper.
[0026]
The results are as follows. :
Figure 0003838720
From this result, considering that the maximum stress value of Model 1 of the present invention is the second smallest after Model 4 and the applied load is 150 kgf larger than that of Model 4, the maximum stress value is substantially the smallest. This indicates that the mechanical strength is the largest.
[0027]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in the connection between the ceramic bone head ball and the metal stem, a space is formed in the deeper part of the tapered hole, so that (1) Since the load stress applied to the contact surface can be dispersed around the void, the compressive strength of the head ball is improved. (2) When the wall of the taper hole of the head ball is precision ground with a rotary diamond tip, the tip can be released into the void, so that the irregular shape of the tip is transferred to the wall surface at the back of the taper hole. There is no. {Circle around (3)} And precision grinding can be performed by turning back from the void toward the opening of the taper hole.
[0028]
In addition, since the peripheral wall surface of the void is formed substantially parallel to the central axis of the tapered hole, the maximum stress per unit area when subjected to a large load becomes very small. The strength of can be greatly increased. (2) Since a bone headball with a small diameter can be made, the wall thickness of the acetabular socket, such as high-density polyethylene, that forms the sliding surface of the acetabular socket can be sufficiently increased, and the useful life (life) of the joint can be increased. Can do.
[0029]
Therefore, an artificial hip joint with high productivity, high strength, long life, and high reliability can be provided, which can greatly contribute to human welfare.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an artificial hip joint according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an artificial hip joint according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of an artificial hip joint according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 4A and 4B are explanatory views for explaining the action of a void, and are cross-sectional views of the main part of the head ball of the hip prosthesis, respectively.
FIG. 5 is a vertical sectional view of a head ball of a comparative model used for calculating the maximum stress value.
[Explanation of symbols]
B: Bone head S: Stem b: Taper hole e: Space e1: Circumferential wall c: Reduced diameter portion R: Radius of curvature h: Height l: Center axis

Claims (1)

先端側にテーパー部が形成されたステムと、前記テーパー部を嵌入する奥細状のテーパー孔が穿設されたセラミックス製の骨頭球とを備え、該骨頭球における前記テーパー孔より奥部には空所が設けられ、該空所の周壁面が、前記テーパー孔の中心軸に対してほぼ平行に形成され、前記テーパー孔の周壁面と段差なく繋がっており、前記ステムの先端部が、前記テーパー孔の壁長の1/2より奥のテーパー壁面のみに当接している人工股関節。A stem formed with a tapered portion on the distal end side, and a ceramic bone head ball having a tapered hole into which the taper portion is fitted, and in the back portion of the bone head ball from the taper hole. A space is provided, a peripheral wall surface of the space is formed substantially parallel to the central axis of the tapered hole, and is connected to the peripheral wall surface of the tapered hole without a step, and the tip of the stem is An artificial hip joint that is in contact with only the tapered wall surface that is deeper than 1/2 the wall length of the tapered hole .
JP34951296A 1996-12-27 1996-12-27 Artificial hip joint Expired - Fee Related JP3838720B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP34951296A JP3838720B2 (en) 1996-12-27 1996-12-27 Artificial hip joint

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JPH10179620A JPH10179620A (en) 1998-07-07
JP3838720B2 true JP3838720B2 (en) 2006-10-25

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