JP3836461B2 - Electric motor - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motor that obtains a rotational force by utilizing at least an attractive force generated by an electromagnet generated in a rotor without providing a field winding.

  Generally, in an AC commutator motor such as a universal motor, coils are wound on both the stator side, which is a field pole, and the armature (rotor) side.

  In the conventional electric motor, the rotor winding is wound around the rotor, and the field winding is wound around the stator. Increases, making the apparatus complicated and costly. In addition, a relatively large gap for coil winding is required between the rotor and the stator, and it is difficult to increase the magnetic flux density. A decrease in magnetic flux density results in a decrease in torque generated as an electric motor. Furthermore, in this type of electric motor, in order to obtain a high torque, it is necessary to increase the rotor current in accordance with the torque, so the efficiency is deteriorated.

  Further, when the field magnet is used while being rotated, it is necessary to connect the field windings by a slip ring or the like, which makes the structure complicated.

  As described above, in the conventional AC commutator motor, since the coil is wound around both the stator and the rotor, the structure is complicated, the cost of the apparatus is increased, the generated torque is reduced, and the efficiency is deteriorated. Have problems such as.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides an electric motor that enables a simple, low-cost and easy-to-downsize structure, can increase magnetic flux density, and can improve efficiency. With the goal.

An electric motor according to the present invention includes a rotatable outer rotating body made of a magnetic material around which a field winding is not wound, and an armature winding disposed inside the outer rotating body and connected to a DC or AC power source. In an electric motor having an armature wound with a wire, a commutator, and a brush, and forming an electromagnet by current flowing through the brush and the armature winding through the commutator, facing the armature A plurality of convex portions are intermittently formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer rotating body, and the armature is fixed and the brush is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator. The outer rotating body is rotated by the attraction force between the electromagnet and the convex portion to be formed, and the outer rotating body is used as a drive sprocket around which a chain is wound, and is connected to a crankshaft rotated by a pedal and front. A brush holder for holding a brush is provided, conveys rotation of the crank shaft to the brush through the brush holding portion, characterized by using a motor-assisted bicycle.

An electric motor according to the next invention includes a rotatable outer rotating body composed of a permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles formed in the circumferential direction, and an armature winding disposed inside the outer rotating body and connected to a DC power source In an electric motor having an armature wound with a coil, a commutator, and a brush, and forming an electromagnet by a current passed through the brush and the armature winding through the commutator, the armature is fixed. And the brush is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator, the outer rotating body is rotated by an attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet formed by rotation of the brush, and the outer rotating body is A drive sprocket around which the chain is wound is provided, and a brush holding portion that is connected to a crankshaft rotated by a pedal and holds the brush is provided, and the rotation of the crankshaft is controlled by the brush holding portion. To tell the brush, it is characterized in that used in the electric assist bicycle.

The electric motor according to the next invention is a movement made of a permanent magnet in which a plurality of magnetic poles are linearly formed or a magnetic body in which a plurality of convex portions are intermittently formed in a straight line and the field winding is not wound. An armature wound with an armature winding so as to form an electromagnet arranged opposite to the slider and having magnetic poles arranged in a straight line, a commutator, and a brush, and fixing the armature In addition, the brush is configured to be movable with respect to the commutator, and the slider is moved by the attractive force or the attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet formed by the movement of the brush and the convex portion .

According to this invention, the outer rotor type motor, a drive sprocket of the outer rotating body chain is wound, provided with a brush holder for holding brushes while being connected to a crank shaft rotated by a pedal, Since the rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the brush via the brush holding portion, the structure of the battery-assisted bicycle can be simplified and reduced in cost.

According to the next invention, the electromagnet formed on the armature side is moved by the movement of the brush, and the attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet (slider) or the attractive force between the electromagnet and the convex portion (slider) is used. And since the linear motor which moves a slider with the movement of an electromagnet was comprised, it is not necessary to provide a field winding and a coil slot in a slider, and can simplify a structure. Further, since the armature can be disposed close to the slider, a high magnetic flux density can be achieved, contributing to an increase in torque and miniaturization, and an increase in efficiency. In addition, since there is no need winding process of the slider, production costs are reduced, Ru can reduce the cost of the apparatus.

  Embodiments of an electromagnet according to the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the drawings. Note that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual exploded view of a suction motor according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 2 shows a sectional configuration of the suction motor.

  1 and 2, the stator 1 is composed of a stator core 2 that is a magnetic body having a cylindrical shape. No field winding is wound around the stator core 2. A plurality of convex portions (projections) 21 are intermittently formed on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 2 along the circumferential direction. That is, a plurality of protrusions 21 and grooves are alternately and substantially uniformly formed on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 2. The protrusion 21 extends in the axial direction of the stator core 2.

  A rotor 4 is rotatably disposed inside the stator 1. The rotor 4 includes a rotor core 6 that is a magnetic body around which the rotor winding 5 is wound. The rotor 4 includes a commutator 7 connected to the rotor winding 5 and a pair of brushes 8. It has been. The commutator 7 has a plurality of commutator pieces 71. Each unit winding forming the rotor winding 5 is connected to a commutator piece 71 constituting the commutator 7. In this case, the rotor winding 5 is connected to a commercial AC power source via a commutator 7 and a pair of brushes 8.

  In the structure shown in FIG. 1, the brush 8 is configured to be rotatable (movable) in the circumferential direction of the commutator 7 while being in contact with the commutator 7. That is, the pair of brushes 8 can be rotated in the circumferential direction of the commutator 7 regardless of the rotation or stop of the commutator 7 while maintaining the positional relationship between the brushes.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the brush rotation holding unit 9 has a brush shaft B that connects a pair of brushes 8 with respect to a central axis T (hereinafter referred to as a projection axis) of a projection 21 formed on the stator core 2. After the brush 8 is rotated by the predetermined angle θ so as to be shifted by the predetermined angle θ, the brush 8 is held at the predetermined angular position. In the suction electric motor according to the first embodiment, the rotor 4 is rotated by causing the brush rotation holding portion 9 to shift the brush shaft B by the predetermined angle θ with respect to the projection shaft T.

  The angle θ for shifting the brush axis B with respect to the projection axis T has a limit. That is, in FIG. 2, when the angle between the protrusion axes of the protrusions 21 adjacent in the circumferential direction is 180 degrees, the brush axis B with respect to the protrusion axis T is within a range of less than 90 degrees from the protrusion axis of a certain protrusion 21. Try to stagger.

  Since the magnetic pole axis of the electromagnet formed by the current flowing through the rotor winding 5 coincides with the brush axis B, it is not possible to shift the brush axis B with respect to the projection axis T by a predetermined angle θ (for example, 20 degrees to 30 degrees). This is equivalent to shifting the magnetic pole axis of the electromagnet by a predetermined angle θ with respect to the projection axis T.

  Next, FIG. 3 schematically shows the positional relationship between the brush axis B (the magnetic pole axis of the electromagnet) and the projection axis T and the magnetic flux transmission state of the magnetic circuit. In FIG. 3, the axis connecting the end portions of the stator 1 shown in a U-shape is the projection axis T, and the axis of the electromagnet on which the rotor winding 5 is applied is the brush axis B.

  FIG. 3A shows a state in which the projection axis T and the brush axis B coincide with each other. In this state, the rotor winding 5 has a certain reactance, and is a state where the rotor winding current (excitation current) for making the electromagnet is minimum, that is, a stable state where a certain magnetic flux is generated.

  FIG. 3-2 shows a state in which the brush shaft B is shifted counterclockwise by, for example, 30 degrees with respect to the protrusion shaft T. In this state, as the magnetic circuit opens, the reactance decreases, the excitation current increases, the magnetic flux increases, and a clockwise attractive force is generated.

  FIG. 3C illustrates a state in which the brush axis B is shifted clockwise by, for example, 30 degrees with respect to the protrusion axis T. In this state, as the magnetic circuit opens, the reactance decreases, the excitation current increases, the magnetic flux increases, and a counterclockwise attractive force is generated.

  Thus, as shown in FIGS. 3-2 and 3-3, the electromagnet and the protrusion 21 are shifted by shifting the position of the brush 8, for example, by 30 degrees counterclockwise (plus direction) or clockwise (minus direction). An attraction force is generated so that the brush axis B and the protrusion axis T coincide with each other, and the attraction force rotates the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 that are electromagnets. Even if the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 are rotated, the position of the brush 8 remains fixed. In other words, the brush position shifted with respect to the projection axis T remains unchanged, and thus a suction force is continuously generated. The rotor 4 and the commutator 7 continue to rotate. Thus, by shifting the brush axis B with respect to the projection axis T, a suction force acts on the rotor 4 in the direction opposite to the shifted direction, and the rotor 4 continuously rotates in that direction. . In addition, what is necessary is just to change a brush position so that the protrusion axis | shaft T and the brush axis | shaft B may correspond, when the rotor 4 is stopped. Thus, by adjusting the brush position, the rotor 4 can be rotated and stopped by the suction force.

  Next, the rotation operation of the rotor 4 in the suction motor according to the first embodiment will be described in more detail with reference to FIG. FIGS. 4-1 and 4-2 show the operation in the positive half wave of the rotor winding current, and FIGS. 4-3 and 4-4 show the operation in the negative half wave of the rotor winding current. Is shown.

  As illustrated in FIG. 4A, the brush axis B of the brush 8 is set to a predetermined angle θ (<90 degrees, for example, 20 to 30) with respect to the protrusion axis T of the target protrusion 21 (specified by hatching in FIG. 4). When it is shifted (rotated) clockwise, an electromagnet is generated along the brush axis B by the rotor winding current. Then, an attractive force is generated between the electromagnet and the target protrusion 21, and the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 rotate toward the target protrusion 21.

  As a result of this rotation, the brush 8 comes into contact with the adjacent commutator piece 71, but as shown in FIG. 4B, the position of the brush 8 itself with respect to the target protrusion 21 is shifted as before the rotation. As a result, an electromagnet is still generated at the position of the same brush axis B due to the rotor winding current, and this electromagnet is attracted to the target protrusion 21, and the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 continue to the target protrusion 21. It will turn toward.

  When the rotor winding current is a negative half wave, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 5 is reversed as shown in FIGS. 4-3 and 4-4, unlike the case of the positive half wave. Therefore, the polarity of the electromagnet generated on the brush shaft B is also reversed. However, since the target protrusion 21 is not magnetized, the target protrusion 21 generates a magnetic polarity opposite to the magnetic polarity of the electromagnet. For this reason, even if the polarity of the electromagnet changes, an attractive force is continuously generated between the electromagnet and the target protrusion 21.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 4-3, an electromagnet is generated along the brush axis B shifted in the clockwise direction, and the electromagnet is attracted to the target protrusion 21, so that the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 are It turns toward the protrusion 21. By this rotation, the brush 8 comes into contact with the adjacent commutator piece 71. However, as described above, since the position of the brush 8 itself does not change, the rotor winding current still keeps the same brush shaft B position. An electromagnet is generated, and the electromagnet is attracted to the target protrusion 21, and then the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 are rotated toward the protrusion 21. Thus, the rotor 4 is continuously rotated counterclockwise by the constant attractive force of the electromagnet and the target protrusion 21.

  As described above, regarding the positional deviation of the brush shaft B with respect to the projection axis T, when attention is paid to the target projection, as described above, the position of the projection adjacent to the projection axis T of the target projection 21 is reduced. The intermediate position (90-degree position) with the projection axis is the limit of the deviation of the brush axis B. In this case, the closer the brush axis B is to the projection axis T of the target projection, the smaller the suction force, and the closer to the intermediate position, the greater the suction force. As described in FIG. 3, the magnetic flux generated by the rotor winding current is small if the brush axis B and the projection axis T are close to each other, and if the brush axis B and the projection axis T are far, the magnetic flux is This is because the increasing magnetic flux contracts.

  When the brush shaft B is shifted 180 degrees from the intermediate position (90-degree position), the electromagnet is attracted by the adjacent protrusion, and the rotor 4 rotates in the reverse direction. That is, when the shift position of the brush axis B is restricted to a range from 0 degrees to 90 degrees where the protrusion axis T and the brush axis B coincide with each other, the rotor can be continuously rotated in the same direction.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, the rotor 4 is formed by intermittently forming the plurality of protrusions 21 on the inner peripheral surface of the stator core 2 and shifting the brush 8 with respect to the protrusion axis of the protrusion 21. Since the stator is rotated, it is not necessary to provide field windings or coil slots in the stator, and the structure can be simplified. Further, since the rotor can be arranged close to the stator, it is possible to increase the magnetic flux density, contribute to an increase in torque and miniaturization, and increase efficiency. Further, since the stator winding process is not required, the production cost can be reduced and the apparatus cost can be reduced.

  In the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the AC power source is connected to the rotor winding. However, the DC power source (battery) may be connected to the rotor winding. Good. When a DC power source is used, it is not necessary to use a laminated steel plate for the rotor core 6 to reduce loss due to hysteresis or vortices as in the case of an AC power source, and a lump core can be used.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the second embodiment, the commutator 7 and the rotor (armature) 4 are fixed, and the outer iron core (corresponding to the outer rotating body in the claims) 40 made of a non-magnetized magnetic body is rotated. ing. The pair of brushes 8 is configured to be rotatable while being in contact with the fixed commutator 7. As in the stator core 2 of the first embodiment, the outer core 40 is not wound with a field winding, and a plurality of convex portions (projections) 21 are intermittently provided along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface thereof. Is formed. A rotor winding (not shown) is wound around the rotor 4, and AC power is applied to the rotor winding via the brush 8 and the commutator 7.

  In the suction electric motor of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the outer rotor core 40 is rotatable with respect to the rotor 4, and the brush 8 is, as in the first embodiment, Instead of being held in place after rotation, it rotates. That is, the electromagnet is rotated by the rotation of the brush 8, and the outer iron core 40 is rotated around the electromagnet using the attraction force between the electromagnet and the convex portion formed on the outer iron core 40 side.

  FIG. 5A shows a state where an electromagnet is formed on the brush shaft B by the positive half wave of the rotor winding current. When the brush 8 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction K, the electromagnet is also rotated in the counterclockwise direction K. Then, since the projection 21 to be attracted (specified by hatching in FIG. 5) is attracted to this electromagnet, the projection 21 also rotates so as to be attracted by the electromagnet with the rotation of the electromagnet. The iron core 40 rotates. In this case, the projection axis T is displaced from the brush axis B by an amount corresponding to the magnitude of the load applied to the outer iron core 40. With this deviation, the outer iron core is rotated with the rotation of the brush 8, that is, the electromagnet. 40 rotates.

  FIG. 5B shows a state in which the electromagnet formed by the negative half wave of the rotor winding current and the protrusion 21 are attracted. Also in this case, by rotating the brush 8 in the counterclockwise direction K, the electromagnet corresponding to the brush shaft B is rotated, and the outer iron core 40 is rotated by the protrusion 21 being attracted to the electromagnet. Thus, the outer iron core 40 can be rotated by rotating the brush 8. In this case, the rotational speed of the outer iron core 40 changes according to the rotational speed of the brush 8.

  As described above, according to the second embodiment, in the outer rotor type suction motor in which the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 are fixed and the outer iron core 40 is rotatable, the plurality of protrusions 21 are formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer iron core 40. Since the outer core 40 is rotated by intermittently forming and rotating the brush 8, it is not necessary to provide field windings or coil slots in the outer core 40, and the structure can be simplified. . Further, since the rotor can be arranged close to the outer iron core 40, a high magnetic flux density can be achieved, contributing to an increase in torque and miniaturization, and an increase in efficiency. Further, since the winding process of the outer iron core 40 is not necessary, the production cost can be reduced and the device cost can be reduced. Further, in the case of the second embodiment, the field side is rotated. However, since there is no field coil, it is not necessary to connect the field coil with a slip ring or the like, and the structure of the portion is simplified.

  In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 5, an AC power source is connected to the rotor winding, but a DC power source (battery) may be connected to the rotor winding. When a DC power source is used, it is not necessary to use a laminated steel plate for the rotor core 6 to reduce loss due to hysteresis or vortices as in the case of an AC power source, and a lump core can be used.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
Next, Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the third embodiment, the outer rotating body 50 is constituted by a permanent magnet whose magnetic poles are pre-magnetized. The commutator 7 and the rotor (armature) 4 are fixed as in the second embodiment. The pair of brushes 8 is configured to be rotatable while being in contact with the fixed commutator 7. A rotor winding (not shown) is wound around the rotor 4, and a DC power source 51 is applied to the rotor winding via the brush 8 and the commutator 7. A variable resistor (corresponding to the current variable element in the claims) 52 for variably controlling the current supplied to the rotor winding and controlling the generated torque is connected to the DC power source 51. The variable resistor 52 can change the resistance value freely by an external operation and variably control the current supplied to the rotor winding.

  In the electric motor according to the third embodiment, the electromagnet formed on the armature 4 is rotated by the rotation of the brush 8, and the attractive repulsion force between the electromagnet and the magnetic pole formed on the outer rotating body (permanent magnet) 50 is used. Then, the outer rotating body 50 is rotated around the electromagnet. For example, when the brush 8 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction K, the electromagnet formed on the armature 4 is also rotated in the counterclockwise direction K. Since the magnetic poles of different polarity to be attracted are attracted to the electromagnet and the magnetic poles of the same polarity are repelled from the electromagnet, the outer rotating body 50 also rotates counterclockwise K as the electromagnet rotates. By variably controlling the resistance value of the variable resistor 52, the suction repulsive force can be adjusted and the rotational torque of the outer rotating body 50 can be controlled.

  As described above, according to the third embodiment, the armature 4 side is fixed, the outer rotating body 50 made of a permanent magnet can be rotated, and the electromagnet formed on the armature 4 side is rotated by rotating the brush 8. Since the outer rotating body is caused to rotate around the electromagnet by utilizing the attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet and the outer rotating body (permanent magnet) 50, field windings and coil slots are provided on the outer rotating body. There is no need, and the structure can be simplified. Further, since the armature can be disposed close to the outer rotating body, a high magnetic flux density can be achieved, contributing to an increase in torque and miniaturization, and an increase in efficiency. Further, since the winding process of the outer rotating body is not required, the production cost can be reduced and the apparatus cost can be reduced. Further, since there is no field coil, it is not necessary to connect the field coil with a slip ring or the like, and the structure of the portion is simplified.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the fourth embodiment, the outer rotor type suction motor shown in the second embodiment is applied to a battery-assisted bicycle. FIG. 7 shows a configuration in the vicinity of the sprocket of the battery-assisted bicycle, FIG. 7-1 is a front view, and FIG. 7-2 is a cross-sectional view.

  In FIG. 7, a crankshaft 11 is rotatably supported on a fixed shaft 16 fixed to the vehicle body, and cranks 12 are attached to the left and right ends of the crankshaft 11, respectively. A pedal 13 is pivotally supported. The crankshaft 11 is fixed with a handle-shaped brush holder (corresponding to a brush holding portion in claims) 14 of an automobile having a plurality of spokes, and the brush holder 14 is rotated by the rotation of the crankshaft 11. A pair of brushes 8 are fixed inside the brush holder 14, and a pair of rods 15 are fixed outside the brush holder 14. In this case, it is assumed that the rod 15 is disposed on the brush shaft B. Therefore, the rotation of the crankshaft 11 causes the brush holder 14 and, consequently, the brush 8 and the rod 15 to rotate.

  On the other hand, the rotor 4 and the commutator 7 are fixed to a fixed shaft 16 that inserts and supports the crankshaft 11. The brush 8 rotates while being in contact with the commutator 7 by the rotation of the brush holder 14. A rotor winding (not shown) is wound around the rotor 4, and AC power is applied to the rotor winding via the brush 8 and the commutator 7.

  The outer iron core (outer rotating body) as the stator constitutes a drive sprocket 18 around which the chain 17 is wound. That is, a plurality of teeth that mesh with the chain 17 are formed on the outer peripheral side of the drive sprocket 18, and the plurality of protrusions (projections) 21 described above are intermittently provided along the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral side of the drive sprocket 18. Is formed.

  A pair of stoppers (corresponding to protrusions in claims) 19a and 19b for contacting (engaging) the rods 15 and 15 protruding from the brush holder 14 are provided at two positions on the side surface of the drive sprocket 18. Protrusions are formed. The rod 15 and the stopper 19a constitute a manpower adding mechanism that mechanically transmits the rotation of the crankshaft 11 to the drive sprocket 18 when the rotation of the drive sprocket 18 is delayed by a predetermined angle with respect to the rotation of the brush 8. Yes.

  The attachment position of one stopper 19a arranged on the traveling side in the rotational direction K of the drive sprocket 18 is such that the brush shaft B slightly rotates in the rotational direction K from the intermediate position between the projecting shafts when the rod body 15 comes into contact with the stopper 19a. It is set as the position which can be attracted | sucked to the processus | protrusion 21 for which an electromagnet is object. In addition, the attachment position of the other stopper 19b is such that when the rod body 15 comes into contact with the stopper 19b, the brush shaft B is positioned slightly to the rotation direction K side from the protrusion axis T of the target protrusion 21, and the electromagnet The protrusion 21 to be sucked is set to a position where it can be sucked.

  In the battery-assisted bicycle having such a configuration, the AC power source is energized through the brush 8 and then the pedal 13 is stepped on manually to rotate the brush holder 14 and thus the brush 8 as shown in FIG. Thus, the electromagnet formed on the rotor 4 is rotated. As the electromagnet rotates, the protrusion 21 of the drive sprocket 18 is attracted and the drive sprocket 18 is driven to rotate.

  On a flat road, the rod 15 fixed to the brush holder 14 is not normally brought into contact with the stopper 19a, and the drive sprocket 18 can be rotated with an extremely small force that can rotate the brush 8.

  When the load on the drive sprocket 18 increases on an uphill road or the like, the rotation of the drive sprocket 18 cannot follow the rotation of the brush 8, so the rod 15 fixed to the brush holder 14 contacts the stopper 19a. (collide. Accordingly, human power is directly transmitted to the drive sprocket 18 via the pedal 13, the crankshaft 11, the brush holder 14, the rod 15 and the stopper 19a. Thus, in an overload state such as an uphill road, the drive sprocket 18 is rotated by the suction force and the human power (the force by which the rod 15 pushes the stopper 19a) of the suction motor.

  The rod body 15 may be a rigid body, but the rod body 15 may be configured by an elastic leaf spring so as to reduce a shock when the rod body 15 collides with the stopper 19a.

  Further, in FIG. 7, the stopper 19a is engaged with the rod 15 protruding from the brush holder 14, but as shown in FIG. The treading force 13 may be transmitted to the drive sprocket 18 via the crank 12 and the stopper 19a. In this case, in the overload state, the drive sprocket 18 is rotated using the suction force of the suction motor and the force by which the crank 12 pushes the stopper 19a.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 9, the stopper 19a can be configured to be movable in the groove 53, and the spring 54 can be connected to the stopper 19a. The spring 54 functions as a member that reduces a shock when the crank 12 collides with the stopper 19a, like the above-described leaf spring. In this configuration, during traveling on a normal flat road, the crank 12 is positioned so as to substantially contact the stopper 19a, but the crank 12 does not apply a pressing force to the stopper 19a. In an overload state, the rotation of the drive sprocket 18 cannot follow the rotation of the brush 8, that is, the rotation of the crank 12, so that the crank 12 presses the stopper 19 a against the elastic force of the spring 54, thereby 19a moves in the groove 53. Then, when the crank 12 pushes the stopper 19a that has been moved to the final position in the groove 53, the drive sprocket 18 rotates.

  As described above, according to the fourth embodiment, since the suction motor having no field winding is employed as the motor of the battery-assisted bicycle, the structure of the drive unit of the battery-assisted bicycle can be simplified and reduced in cost. it can. Further, since the rotor can be arranged close to the stator, it is possible to increase the magnetic flux density, contribute to an increase in torque and increase efficiency. Further, since there is no field coil, it is not necessary to connect the field coil with a slip ring or the like, and the structure of the portion is simplified.

  According to the fourth embodiment, the suction motor shown in the second embodiment is applied to the motor of the battery-assisted bicycle. However, the suction counter-generator of the third embodiment using a permanent magnet is used as the battery. You may make it apply to. In this case, the variable resistor 52 shown in FIG. 6 is provided in, for example, the drive sprocket 18 as shown in FIG. 10, and an operation lever 55 for changing the resistance value of the variable resistor 52 is connected to the crank 12. What should I do? In this case, as the rotation of the drive sprocket 18 is delayed with respect to the rotation of the brush 8, that is, the rotation of the crank 12 due to overload, the current supplied to the rotor winding by the operation lever 55 increases and the generated torque increases. The resistance value of the variable resistor is controlled.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fifth embodiment, the suction repulsion type electric motor of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is applied to a linear motor. FIG. 11A illustrates the linear motor stop state, and FIG. 11B illustrates the linear motor movement state.

  11, the field-side slider 60 uses a permanent magnet in which a plurality of magnetic poles are arranged in a straight line so as to be N, S, N, S,. The slider 60 is configured to be movable. The commutator 7 and the armature 4 are fixed. The armature 4 is disposed to face the slider 60, and the armature winding is wound so as to form an electromagnet arranged in a straight line so that the magnetic poles are S, N, S, N,. The strength of each magnetic pole formed in the armature 4 is the same.

  The pair of brushes 8 is configured to be movable while in contact with the commutator 7. The brush 8 is connected to the DC power source 51 and the variable resistor 52 described above, and the DC power source 51 is applied to the rotor winding via the brush 8 and the commutator 7.

  In the linear motor according to the fifth embodiment, the electromagnet formed on the armature 4 by the movement of the brush 8 is moved in the S, N, S, N,... State. Then, the attractive force (shown by a solid line in FIG. 11-2) between the electromagnet and the different polarity magnetic pole formed on the slider (permanent magnet) 60 and the repulsion between the electromagnet and the same polarity magnetic pole formed on the slider 60. The slider 60 is moved along with the electromagnet using force (shown by a broken line in FIG. 11-2). Further, the resistance value of the variable resistor 52 is variably controlled, thereby adjusting the suction repulsive force to control the moving force.

  As described above, according to the fifth embodiment, the electromagnet formed on the armature 4 side is moved by the movement of the brush 8, and the slider is moved by utilizing the attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet (slider) 60. Since the linear motor is configured to move with the movement of the electromagnet, it is not necessary to provide a field winding or a coil slot on the slider, and the structure can be simplified. Further, since the armature can be disposed close to the slider, a high magnetic flux density can be achieved, contributing to an increase in torque and miniaturization, and an increase in efficiency. Further, since the slider winding process is not required, the production cost can be reduced and the apparatus cost can be reduced.

  In addition, according to the said Embodiment 5, although the attraction | suction counter-generator shown in Embodiment 3 is applied to a linear motor, the magnetic body which has the intermittent convex part 21 which is not magnetized by the field side You may make it apply the attraction motor of Embodiment 2 using this to a linear motor. In this case, on the slider side, a plurality of convex portions are intermittently formed in a straight line and the magnetic body is not wound with a field winding, and the electromagnet formed by the movement of the brush and the convex portion of the slider The slider is moved by the suction force with 21.

  In each of the above-described embodiments, the case where one electromagnet is formed for a pair of brushes 8 has been described. However, various modifications may be considered for the number of brushes 8 and the number of electromagnets. For example, a winding method in which a plurality of electromagnets are generated for a pair of brushes 8 may be adopted. In this case, since the rotor winding current is the same for all unit windings, the attracting force increases as the number of electromagnets increases.

It is an exploded view which shows the notional structure of the electric motor concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cross-sectional structure of the electric motor of Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the shift | offset | difference of the brush axis | shaft and protrusion axis | shaft of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state in which a protrusion axis | shaft and a brush axis | shaft correspond. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the shift | offset | difference of the brush axis | shaft and protrusion axis | shaft of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state which the protrusion axis | shaft and the brush axis | shaft shifted | deviated. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the shift | offset | difference of the brush axis | shaft and protrusion axis | shaft of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state which the protrusion axis | shaft and the brush axis | shaft shifted | deviated. It is a figure for demonstrating rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state in the positive half wave of rotor winding current. It is a figure for demonstrating rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state in the positive half wave of rotor winding current. It is a figure for demonstrating rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state in the negative half wave of rotor winding current. It is a figure for demonstrating rotation of the rotor of the electric motor of Embodiment 1, and is a figure which shows the state in the negative half wave of rotor winding current. It is a figure for demonstrating accompanying rotation of the outer side rotary body of the electric motor of Embodiment 2, and is a figure which shows the state in which the electromagnet is formed with the positive half wave of rotor winding current. It is a figure for demonstrating the accompanying rotation of the outer side rotary body of the electric motor of Embodiment 2, and is a figure which shows the state in which the electromagnet is formed with the negative half wave of rotor winding current. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a conceptual configuration of an electric motor according to a third embodiment. It is a front view which shows the structure of the electric motor of Embodiment 4 applied to the battery-assisted bicycle. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the electric motor of Embodiment 4 applied to the battery-assisted bicycle. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the fourth embodiment. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the fourth embodiment. It is a figure which shows the notional structure of the electric motor of Embodiment 5, and is a figure which shows a linear motor stop state. It is a figure which shows the notional structure of the electric motor of Embodiment 5, and is a figure which shows a linear motor moving state.

Explanation of symbols

1 Stator 2 Stator Core 4 Rotor (armature)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 Rotor winding 6 Rotor core 7 Commutator 8 Brush 9 Brush rotation holding part 11 Crankshaft 12 Crank 13 Pedal 14 Brush holder 15 Rod body 16 Fixed shaft 17 Chain 18 Drive sprocket 19a, 19b Stopper 21 Protrusion (protrusion) )
40 Outer Iron Core 50 Outer Rotating Body 51 DC Power Supply 52 Variable Resistor 53 Groove 54 Spring 55 Operation Lever 60 Slider 71 Commutator Piece B Brush Shaft T Projection Shaft

Claims (3)

An armature wound with a rotatable outer rotating body made of a magnetic body around which no field winding is wound, and an armature winding disposed inside the outer rotating body and connected to a DC or AC power source And an electric motor having a commutator and a brush, and forming an electromagnet by a current passed through the armature winding via the brush and the commutator.
A plurality of convex portions are intermittently formed on the inner peripheral surface of the outer rotating body facing the armature, the armature is fixed, and the brush is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator, The outer rotating body is rotated by the attractive force between the electromagnet and the convex portion formed by the rotation of the brush,
The outer rotating body is a drive sprocket around which a chain is wound,
A brush holding portion connected to a crankshaft rotated by a pedal and holding the brush;
An electric motor characterized in that the rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the brush through the brush holding portion and used for a battery-assisted bicycle. A rotatable outer rotating body composed of a permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles formed in the circumferential direction; an armature wound with an armature winding disposed inside the outer rotating body and connected to a DC power source; In an electric motor having a commutator and a brush, and forming an electromagnet by a current passed through the armature winding via the brush and the commutator,
The armature is fixed and the brush is configured to be rotatable in the circumferential direction of the commutator, and the outer rotating body is rotated by an attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet and the permanent magnet formed by rotation of the brush. ,
The outer rotating body is a drive sprocket around which a chain is wound,
A brush holding portion connected to a crankshaft rotated by a pedal and holding the brush;
An electric motor characterized in that the rotation of the crankshaft is transmitted to the brush through the brush holding portion and used for a battery-assisted bicycle. A movable slider comprising a permanent magnet having a plurality of magnetic poles formed linearly or a magnetic material having a plurality of convex portions intermittently formed linearly and having no field winding wound thereon; and An armature wound with an armature winding so as to form an electromagnet arranged oppositely and arranged in a straight line, a commutator, and a brush;
The armature is fixed, the brush is configured to be movable with respect to the commutator, and the slider is moved by the attractive force or the attractive repulsive force between the electromagnet formed by the movement of the brush and the convex portion. Features an electric motor.

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