JP3836057B2 - Awareness optometer - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a subjective ophthalmoscope that examines optical characteristics of an eye to be examined based on a response of the subject.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a measurement method for measuring the refractive power of an eye to be examined using a trial frame is known.
[0003]
In this measuring method, first, the refractive power of the eye to be examined is measured by a subjective optometer. Next, a trial lens based on this measurement is attached to the trial frame, and the target lens is presented to the subject so that the subject can respond to how the target looks. It will be. Then, the trial frame equipped with the trial lens is worn by the subject for a certain period of time, and a magazine is read to determine the optimum trial lens suitable for the subject based on how the subject is used.
[0004]
However, since a plurality of trial lenses for spherical power and cylindrical power are mounted on the trial frame, there is a problem that the trial frame becomes heavy. Thus, a subjective optometer that suspends the optometer body has been considered.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
By the way, when reading a magazine etc. using such a subjective optometrist, the subject tilts his face slightly and faces the eyeball downward, so the line of sight is located below the optical axis of the lens. It will be. This is the same when a trial frame is used, but this tendency is particularly strong for a subject who has been wearing a progressive lens.
[0006]
For this reason, when using a single lens and reading a magazine to determine the power of the near-use part of the progressive lens, the magazine or the like is viewed through the part away from the optical axis of the single lens, so accurate measurement is possible. There was a problem that it could not be done.
[0007]
An object of the present invention is to provide a subjective ophthalmoscope that allows a magazine or the like to be viewed through an optical axis portion of a measurement lens system.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the invention of claim 1 is provided with an optometric body that inspects the refractive power of the eye to be examined. The optometric body is suspended and attached to the subject to examine the eye to be examined. An optometer,
The ophthalmoscope body can be tilted with respect to the horizontal direction,
An optical system unit provided with a measurement optical system in the optometer body is arranged to be movable up and down,
When the optometer body is tilted with respect to a horizontal direction, the optical system unit is moved downward according to the tilt angle.
[0009]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lock mechanism that locks the optometer body so as not to tilt with respect to the horizontal direction, and the lock mechanism is operated during distance measurement.
[0010]
The invention of claim 3 is a tilt angle detecting means for detecting a tilt angle at which the optometer body tilts with respect to a horizontal direction,
When the tilt angle detected by the tilt angle detection means is not less than the first threshold and not more than the second threshold greater than the first threshold, the optical system unit is moved downward according to the tilt angle, and the detected tilt The optical system unit is not moved downward when the angle is larger than the second threshold value.
[0011]
Embodiment
Hereinafter, embodiments of a subjective optometer according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
[0012]
The subjective optometer shown in FIG. 1 includes an optometer main body 10. The optometer main body 10 is suspended from a pipe-shaped arm 11 attached to an extendable / contracting column (not shown). The arm 11 is attached to the support column so as to be rotatable in the horizontal direction. A hanging connection pipe 12 is attached to the tip of the arm 11. An upper portion 13A of the connecting shaft 13 is inserted into the connecting pipe 12 so as to be movable up and down and rotatable. The upper portion 13 </ b> A is attached to one end of a spring 14 disposed in the connection pipe 12, and the other end of the spring 14 is connected to a wire 15. The wire 15 is hung on a pulley 16 provided in the arm 11 and passed through the arm 11, and is further hung on a pulley 17 provided in a support column, and a weight 18 is suspended from one end of the wire 15.
[0013]
On the other hand, an inverted U-shaped holding member 19 is fixed to the lower part of the connecting shaft 13, and both lower ends of the holding member 19 are pivotally supported on both side walls 21 </ b> A and 21 </ b> B of the case 20 of the optometer body 10. The main body 10 is rotatable about an axis J with respect to the holding member 19. The holding member 19 is held in a vertical state by the connecting pipe 12. The optometric body 10 is suspended from the wire 15 via the holding member 19, the connecting shaft 13 and the spring 14, and the total weight of the optometric body 10, the holding member 19, the connecting shaft 13 and the spring 14 is the weight 18. It is set to be the same as the weight, so that the weight of the optometer main body 10 or the like is not added to the subject wearing the optometer main body 10.
[0014]
[Ophthalmoscope body]
As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the optometer main body 10 includes a case 20, a pair of holding cases 30, 40 that are provided in the case 20 and are movable in the left-right direction, and upper and lower parts in the holding cases 30, 40. A movable optical system unit 50, a vertical movement mechanism 60 that moves the optical system unit 50 up and down (see FIG. 4), a lock mechanism 70 that locks the optometer body 10, and tilting of the optometer body 10. Tilt detection means 80 for detecting and the like.
[0015]
[Case]
The case 20 is provided with a headband 29 so that the optometer main body 10 can be attached to a subject as shown in FIG. The case 20 is provided with a nose pad and a forehead pad (not shown). Furthermore, a pair of openings 20a are formed on the front surface 20A of the case 20 and a pair of openings 20b are formed on the rear surface 20B so as to face the openings 20a.
[0016]
Further, a shaft 22 extending in the left-right direction is disposed in the upper portion of the case 20, and both end portions of the shaft 22 are rotatably held by bearing portions 23, 23 provided on the side walls 21 </ b> A, 21 </ b> B of the case 20. Male screw portions 22A and 22B are formed on both sides of the shaft 22, and the directions of the male screw portions 22A and 22B are opposite to each other. A gear 24 is attached to the center of the shaft 22 as shown in FIG. A worm 25 is meshed with the gear 24, and the worm 25 is rotated by rotating a knob 27 provided on the upper wall portion 26 of the case 20.
[0017]
[Tilt detection means]
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the tilt detection means 80 includes a sliding resistance 81 provided on the side wall 21 </ b> A of the case 20 and a contact 82 that slides along the sliding resistance 81. This contact 82 is provided inside the holding member 19. A voltage Vc is applied to one end of the sliding resistor 81, and the other end of the sliding resistor 81 is grounded. The contact 82 is connected to the input port P of the control circuit 450.
[0018]
The contact 82 slides on the sliding resistor 81 according to the tilting amount of the optometer body 10 with respect to the holding member 19, and a voltage corresponding to the moving position of the contact 82 is input to the input port P of the control circuit 450. To do. The control circuit 450 reads the voltage of the input port P and calculates and calculates the tilt amount of the optometer body 10 with respect to the holding member 19, that is, the tilt amount with respect to the horizontal direction.
[0019]
[Lock mechanism]
As shown in FIG. 6, the lock mechanism 70 has a solenoid 71 provided in the case 20, and when the solenoid 71 is operated, the rod 72 protrudes from the hole 73 of the case 20 as shown in FIG. It engages with a recess 74 provided inside 19. The engagement of the rod 72 with the concave portion 74 prevents the optometer body 10 from being tilted with respect to the holding member 19, that is, locked at a position where the tilt is zero.
[0020]
[Retention case]
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the holding case 30 is formed in a housing shape having openings 31 and 32 on the front surface and the rear surface. The openings 31 and 32 are opposed to the openings 20 a and 20 b of the case 20.
[0021]
A rectangular parallelepiped projecting portion 34 is formed on the upper wall portion 33 of the holding case 30, and a hole 35 penetrating in the left-right direction (in FIG. 2) is formed in the projecting portion 34. Is formed. A shaft 22 provided in the case 20 is inserted into the hole 35, and a male screw 22 </ b> A of the shaft 22 is screwed into a female screw of the hole 35. The holding case 30 is moved left and right by the rotation of the shaft 22.
[0022]
For example, when the shaft 22 rotates clockwise in FIG. 5, the holding case 30 moves rightward in FIG. 2, and when the shaft 22 rotates counterclockwise, the holding case 30 moves leftward.
[0023]
The holding case 40 has the same configuration as the holding case 30. When the shaft 22 rotates clockwise in FIG. 5, the holding case 40 moves leftward in FIG. 2, and is held when the shaft 22 rotates counterclockwise. The case 40 moves to the right, and the movement distances of the holding cases 30 and 40 with respect to the rotation operation of the knob 27 are set to be the same.
[Optical system unit]
As shown in FIG. 4, the optical system unit 50 includes a unit case 51 having openings 51A and 51B on the front and rear surfaces, a lens mounting frame 402 provided in the unit case 51 (see FIG. 9), and the lens mounting. A variable focus lens 410 and a Vcc lens 423 attached to the frame 402 are included. The variable focus lens 410 and the Vcc lens 423 constitute a measurement optical system. The opening 51 </ b> A of the unit case 51 faces the opening 31 of the holding case 30, and the opening 51 </ b> B of the unit case 51 faces the opening 20 b of the case 20. Since the unit case 51 provided in the holding case 40 is the same, the description thereof is omitted.
[0024]
As shown in FIG. 9, the lens mounting frame 402 has a first lens mounting portion 402a and a cylindrical second lens mounting portion 402b.
<First lens mounting portion 402a>
The first lens mounting portion 402a has side wall portions 407a and 407b on the left and right sides, and guide grooves 408a and 409a extending vertically as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 are formed on the side wall portion 407a. 407b is formed with guide grooves 408b and 409b extending vertically corresponding to the guide grooves 408a and 409a.
[0025]
A variable focus lens 410 called an Alvarez lens is disposed between the side wall portions 407a and 407b. The variable focus lens 410 has a pair of aspherical lenses 411 and 412, and the focal point can be changed by relatively moving the aspherical lenses 411 and 412 up and down.
[0026]
Ultrasonic linear motors (ultrasonic motors) 413 and 414 are disposed in the guide grooves 408a and 408b, respectively.
[0027]
The ultrasonic linear motor 413 includes a piezoelectric element array (vibration generating member) 415 formed by linearly connecting a large number of electrodes (not shown) and piezoelectric elements, and on the opposite side of the piezoelectric element array 415. A linear vibrating body (stator) 416 in which a large number of teeth (not shown) are arranged in the longitudinal direction and driven to vibrate by the piezoelectric element array 415, and a mover that frictionally engages the numerous teeth of the vibrating body 416. 417. The piezoelectric element array 415 is attached to the vibrating body 416, and the movers 417 and 417 of the guide grooves 408a and 408b are fixed to both sides of the aspherical lens 411.
[0028]
In this configuration, the phase of bending standing wave vibration (traveling wave) generated on the teeth (not shown) side of the stator 416 is changed by controlling the voltage applied to each electrode of the piezoelectric element array 415. Can do. By changing this phase, the teeth (not shown) of the stator 416 drive the mover 417 upward or downward. A known ultrasonic motor structure can be adopted as the structure of the ultrasonic linear motor 413.
[0029]
Similarly, the ultrasonic linear motor 414 includes a piezoelectric element array (vibration generating member) 418 formed by linearly connecting a large number of electrodes (not shown) and piezoelectric elements, and is opposite to the piezoelectric element array 418. A large number of teeth (not shown) on the side are arranged in a longitudinal direction and are frictionally engaged with a large number of teeth of the vibrating body 419 and a linear vibrating body (stator) 419 that is driven to vibrate by the piezoelectric element array 418. A mover 420 is provided. The piezoelectric element array 418 is attached to the vibrating body 419, and the movers 420 and 420 of the guide grooves 409 a and 409 b are fixed to both sides of the aspherical lens 412.
[0030]
In this configuration, the phase of the bending standing wave vibration (traveling wave) generated on the teeth (not shown) side of the stator 419 is changed by controlling the voltage applied to each electrode of the piezoelectric element array 418. Can do. By changing this phase, teeth (not shown) of the stator 419 drive the mover 420 upward or downward. A well-known ultrasonic motor structure can also be adopted as the structure of such an ultrasonic linear motor 414.
<Second lens mounting portion 402b>
The second lens mounting portion 402b is formed in a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 12, and a pair of annular grooves 421 and 422 are spaced apart in the axial direction on the inner peripheral surface of the second lens mounting portion 402b. Formed. Further, a Vcc lens (variable cross cylinder lens) 423 is disposed in the second lens mounting portion 402b as shown in FIG.
[0031]
The Vcc lens 423 has a pair of cylinder lenses 424 and 425, and the cylinder lenses 424 and 425 are rotationally driven by ultrasonic motors 426 and 427 disposed in the annular grooves 421 and 422.
[0032]
The ultrasonic motor 426 includes a piezoelectric element array (vibration generating member) 428 formed in an annular shape by alternately connecting a large number of electrodes (not shown) and piezoelectric elements, and a large number of piezoelectric elements array 428 on the opposite side. An annular vibrating body (stator) 429 having teeth (not shown) arranged in the circumferential direction and driven to vibrate by the piezoelectric element array 428, and an annular movable element 430 that frictionally engages a number of teeth of the vibrating body 429. Have The piezoelectric element array 428 is affixed to the outer peripheral surface of the vibrating body 429, and a cylinder lens 424 is fixed in the movable element 430 of the annular groove 421.
[0033]
In this configuration, the phase of the traveling wave generated on the tooth (not shown) side of the vibrating body 429 can be changed by controlling the voltage applied to each electrode of the piezoelectric element array 428. By changing this phase, the teeth (not shown) of the vibrating body 429 drive the mover 430 forward or backward. A known ultrasonic motor structure can be adopted as the structure of such an ultrasonic motor 426.
[0034]
Similarly, the ultrasonic motor 427 includes a piezoelectric element array (vibration generating member) 431 formed in an annular shape by alternately connecting a large number of electrodes (not shown) and piezoelectric elements, and the piezoelectric element array 431 on the opposite side. An annular vibrating body (stator) 432 in which a large number of teeth (not shown) are arranged in the circumferential direction and driven to vibrate by the piezoelectric element array 431, and an annular movable body that frictionally engages with the numerous teeth of the vibrating body 432 It has a child 433. The piezoelectric element array 431 is affixed to the outer peripheral surface of the vibrating body 432, and a cylinder lens 425 is fixed in the movable element 433 of the annular groove 422.
[0035]
In this configuration, the phase of the traveling wave generated on the tooth (not shown) side of the vibrating body 432 can be changed by controlling the voltage applied to each electrode of the piezoelectric element array 431. By changing this phase, the teeth (not shown) of the vibrating body 432 drive the mover 433 in the forward or reverse direction. A known ultrasonic motor structure can be adopted as the structure of such an ultrasonic motor 427.
[0036]
[Vertical mechanism]
As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the vertical movement mechanism 60 includes a rack 61 extending in the vertical direction provided on the left and right sides of the rear surface of the unit case 51 of the optical system unit 50, and a horizontal direction in the case 20 (see FIG. 2). ), A worm 63, a pulse motor 64 for rotating the worm 63, and the like.
[0037]
Both ends of the spline shaft 62 are rotatably held by bearing portions 65, 65 provided on the side walls 21A, 21B of the case 20, and the rack 61 is engaged with a groove (not shown) provided along the axial direction of the spline shaft 62. The unit case 51 is moved up and down with respect to the holding cases 30 and 40 by the rotation of the spline shaft 62. Further, the rack 61 is relatively movable in the axial direction along the groove of the spline shaft 62 so that the movement of the optical unit 50 in the left-right direction is not hindered.
[0038]
The worm 63 meshes with a gear 66 provided at the center of the spline shaft 62, and the spline shaft 62 rotates together with the gear 66 by the rotation of the worm 63. The pulse motor 64 is attached in the case 20 via a bracket (not shown).
<Control system>
FIG. 14 shows the configuration of a control system used in this subjective optometer.
[0039]
A control circuit 440 includes a CPU and the like, and is mounted on an operation device (not shown) having a keyboard and the like operated by the examiner. The control circuit 440 drives and controls the piezoelectric elements of the piezoelectric element arrays 415, 418, 428, and 431 in the lens mounting frames 402R and 402L described above via communication means (not shown). This communication means may be wireless or wired. The arithmetic control circuit 440 is connected to setting means such as operation means or data input means for setting and changing the spherical power or setting and changing the axial angle of the cylindrical axis. As this setting means, a keyboard, a mouse, or a button (switch) for data setting can be used. Further, means for taking in prescription data of glasses from other refractometers or lens meters can be used as setting means.
[0040]
The arithmetic control circuit 440 determines whether the lens to be tested (not shown) is a progressive lens or a single lens based on the measurement data measured by the lens meter 500, and if it is determined to be a progressive lens, it is a progressive lens. Is output from the output port Q.
[0041]
The control circuit 450 controls the pulse motor 64 based on the voltage at the input port P and the progressive signal from the arithmetic control circuit 440 to move the optical system unit 50 up and down, or controls the solenoid 71 to move the optometer body 10. It is designed to lock. The control circuit 450 is provided in the case 20, but may be mounted on the operating device in the same manner as the arithmetic control circuit 440.
[Operation]
Next, the operation of the subjective optometer constructed as described above will be described.
[0042]
First, as shown in FIG. 1, the optometer body 10 is attached to the subject by the headband 29. Then, the examiner operates the knob 27 to move the holding cases 30 and 40 in the left-right direction so that the optical axis of the optical system unit 50 is aligned with the pupil position of the subject.
[0043]
Then, the target is presented by a target device (not shown) in the same manner as in the past, and the aspherical lenses 411 and 412 of the optometer unit 10 are relatively moved up and down, and the cylinder lenses 424 and 425 are rotated. Then, the optical characteristic of the eye to be examined is measured (distance measurement) by causing the subject to respond to the appearance of the presented target, and the prescription value is obtained.
[0044]
When the measurement of the optical characteristics is completed, the usage condition of the lens prescribed by reading a magazine or the like, that is, the usage condition when looking close is checked.
[0045]
When the subject reads the magazine, the subject faces a little downward, but when the subject is not a progressive person, the inclination of the face is slightly larger than that of the progressive person.
[0046]
Due to the inclination of the face, the optometer main body 10 rotates around the axis J of the holding member 19 and tilts (tilts) with respect to the horizontal direction. Due to this inclination, the contact 82 of the holding member 19 slides on the sliding resistance 81. A voltage corresponding to the sliding position of the contact 82 is input to the input port P of the control circuit 450. That is, the tilt detection means 80 outputs a voltage (detection signal) corresponding to the detected tilt angle of the optometer body 10. Then, the control circuit 450 reads the voltage at the input port P and obtains the inclination angle of the optometer body 10 with respect to the horizontal direction.
[0047]
If the obtained tilt angle (tilt amount) α is relatively large, that is, greater than the threshold value (second threshold value) E2, the control circuit 450 determines that the subject is not a progressive person and determines that the pulse motor 64 is inactive. The optical system unit 50 remains in the position shown in FIG.
[0048]
When the obtained inclination angle β is small, that is, when the inclination angle β is larger than the threshold value E1 and smaller than the threshold value E2 (E1 <E2), the control circuit 450 determines that the subject is a person who has experienced the progression, and the pulse motor 64 is operated to move the optical system unit 50 downward from the position shown in FIG. 4 by a distance corresponding to the inclination angle β. That is, it is moved to the chain line position shown in FIG. By the downward movement of the optical system unit 50, the subject who is a progressive person can see the magazine through the optical axis of the measurement optical system of the optical system unit 50, and can measure in a natural state. Become. Therefore, when reading a magazine or the like and determining the power of the near-use part of the progressive lens, the power can be accurately determined.
[0049]
When the measurement data measured by the lens meter is input to the calculation control circuit 440, the calculation control circuit 440 determines whether the subject is a progressive lens by determining whether the measurement lens is a progressive lens or a single lens. When the subject is determined to be an experienced person, a progressive signal is output from the output port Q.
[0050]
When the progressive signal of the arithmetic control circuit 440 is input, the control circuit 450 operates the solenoid 71 to engage the rod 72 with the recess 74 of the holding member 19. By this engagement, the optometer main body 10 is locked so as not to tilt with respect to the holding member 19. By this lock, the subject's face is held in a horizontal state, and the subject can stably view the visual target presented in the horizontal direction without feeling the weight of the optometer body 10, that is, the line of sight It is possible to fixate while keeping the constant.
[0051]
In particular, it is difficult for infants and the elderly to keep their faces fixed during optometry, but this lock allows them to keep their faces fixed without pain and keeps their eyes constant in the horizontal direction. It is easy to fixate the visual target that is presented while keeping it.
[0052]
Then, the distance measurement is performed in the same manner as described above, and the lock is released at the time of the near measurement.
[0053]
In the above embodiment, the case where the variable focus lens 410 is used in the optical system unit 50 has been described. However, a plurality of single lenses may be provided interchangeably.
[0054]
In the above embodiment, the optical system unit 50 is moved downward according to the magnitude of the tilt angle detected by the tilt detection means 80. If the detected tilt angle is larger than the threshold value E1, a certain distance is used. You may make it move only downward.
[0055]
【effect】
According to the present invention, a magazine or the like can be viewed through the optical axis portion of the measurement lens system.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing a state in which an optometric unit according to the present invention is suspended.
2 is a front view showing a holding case of the optometer unit shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a plan sectional view showing a configuration of an optometer main body.
FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration in which an optical unit moves up and down.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a configuration in which a holding case moves in the left-right direction.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a configuration in which an optometer main body is rotatably attached to a holding member.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of tilt detection means.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a state where the optometer main body is locked.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing an arrangement of lens systems of the optical unit.
10 is a cross-sectional view taken along line LL of the variable focus lens portion of FIG. 9;
11 is a longitudinal sectional view taken along line MM of the variable focus lens of FIG.
FIG. 12 is an explanatory diagram of a drive system of a Vcc lens.
13 is a perspective view for explaining the variable focus lens and the Vcc lens of FIG. 9. FIG.
FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a control system of a subjective optometer.
[Explanation of symbols]
10 Optometrist body 50 Optical system unit 60 Vertical movement mechanism

Claims (3)

A subjective optometer equipped with an optometric body that inspects the refractive power of the subject's eye, suspends the optometric body and is attached to the subject to inspect the subject's eye,
The ophthalmoscope body can be tilted with respect to the horizontal direction,
An optical system unit provided with a measurement optical system in the optometer body is arranged to be movable up and down,
When the optometer body is tilted with respect to the horizontal direction, the optical system unit is moved downward according to the tilt angle thereof. The subjective optometer according to claim 1, wherein a lock mechanism that locks the optometer body so as not to tilt with respect to a horizontal direction is provided, and the lock mechanism is operated during distance measurement. A tilt angle detecting means for detecting a tilt angle at which the optometer body tilts with respect to a horizontal direction;
When the tilt angle detected by the tilt angle detecting means is not less than the first threshold and not more than the second threshold greater than the first threshold, the optical system unit is moved downward according to the tilt angle, and the detected tilt is detected. 2. The subjective ophthalmoscope according to claim 1, wherein when the angle is larger than the second threshold value, the optical system unit is not moved downward.

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