JP3834772B2

JP3834772B2 - Automatic voltage regulator for synchronous generator

Info

Publication number: JP3834772B2
Application number: JP2002277538A
Authority: JP
Inventors: 良馬名倉; 敏和岩本; 整伊藤
Original assignee: 西芝電機株式会社
Priority date: 2002-09-24
Filing date: 2002-09-24
Publication date: 2006-10-18
Anticipated expiration: 2022-09-24
Also published as: JP2004120835A

Description

【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、同期発電機またはブラシレス同期発電機の出力電圧を所望の電圧に自動制御する同期発電機またはブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
従来の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器を図５を参照して説明する。
図に示すように、ダイオード４は、同期発電機１の界磁巻線に並列で且つカソード端子が直流電源３の正側出力端子の方向となるように接続され、第１のスイッチング素子２がオフしている期間に界磁電流が流れる経路を確保するフライホイール機能を持っている。
【０００３】
減算器７は電圧指令信号発生器６が出力する指令信号から同期発電機１の端子電圧を検出する電圧検出器５の出力信号を減算した誤差信号を出力する。
第２の演算増幅器１６は、減算器７の出力信号を増幅し且つ負荷インピーダンスの変動による発電機特性の変動を補償し、同期発電機１の電圧を所望の電圧となるように界磁電圧を操作する制御信号を出力する。
【０００４】
パルス幅変調器１０は、第２の演算増幅器１６の出力する制御信号に比例したオンデューティのスイッチング信号を出力する。
第１のスイッチング素子２は、同期発電機１の界磁巻線に直列に接続され、これらの直列回路には直流電源３によって直流電圧が印加され、第１のスイッチング素子２はパルス幅変調器１０の出力するスイッチング信号に従ってスイッチング動作することにより、直流電源電圧をチョッパ操作し、同期発電機１の界磁巻線に印加される平均電圧を調整する。直流電源３は、例えば永久磁石同期発電機とその出力端子に接続された整流器で構成される場合や同期発電機１の端子電圧を整流器で整流する回路で構成される場合がある。
【０００５】
以上のような構成の同期発電機１の自動電圧調整器は、負荷量の変動により同期発電機１の出力電圧が変動しても自動的に界磁電圧の印加量を調整するので、同期発電機１の出力電圧を所望の電圧に制御することができる。なお、同期発電機１の代わりにブラシレス同期発電機であっても同様である。
【０００６】
また、従来の他のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器を図６を参照して説明する。このブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器が図５の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器と異なる構成は、第１のスイッチング素子２と直流電源３とダイオード４の代わりに、変圧器１１とリアクトル１２と変流器１３と第２のスイッチング素子１４と整流器１５を備え、変圧器１１は１次側が同期発電機１の出力端子に接続され、２次側がリアクトル１２に接続されており、また整流器１５は交流側がリアクトル１２及び変流器１３の２次側に接続され、直流側が同期発電機１の界磁巻線に接続されており、また第２のスイッチング素子１４は整流器１５の交流側に並列に接続され、パルス幅変調器１０の出力するスイッチング信号に従ってスイッチング動作する点であり、その他の構成は同一であるので、同一部分には同一符号を付して重複説明は省略する。
【０００７】
図６のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器において、第２のスイッチング素子１４はパルス幅変調器１０の出力するスイッチング信号に従ってスイッチング動作するすることにより、整流器１５の交流側を間欠的に短絡し、リアクトル１２の電流と変流器１３の電流の合成電流を一時的に分流することによって同期発電機１の界磁巻線に流れ込む電流を調整する（特許第２９１３１７５号公報参照）。
【０００８】
以上のような構成の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器は、負荷量の変動により同期発電機１の出力電圧が変動しても自動的に界磁電流の供給量を調整するので、同期発電機１の出力電圧を所望の電圧に制御することができる。なお、同期発電機１の代わりにブラシレス同期発電機であっても同様である。
【０００９】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
同期発電機の伝達関数は一般的に１次遅れ要素で表され、その時定数としては界磁減衰法によって測定される開路時定数Ｔdo’で示されることが多い。しかし、発電機を定格電圧で運転している場合、発電機の鉄心の飽和等の影響により、時定数は変動する。図７は同期発電機の無負荷飽和特性の一例である。無負荷飽和特性の接線の傾きに注目すると、端子電圧がゼロ付近での接線Ａと電圧が定格電圧付近での接線Ｂでは傾きが大きく異なる。このことから、端子電圧がゼロ付近での界磁回路から見たインダクタンスと定格電圧付近での界磁回路から見たインダクタンスは異なり、従って、発電機の時定数も異なることが分かる。同期発電機は電圧確立後は定格電圧付近で運転されるため、電圧制御装置を設計する場合は、開路時定数Ｔdo’ではなく端子電圧が定格電圧付近での時定数を発電機の１次遅れ要素の時定数として採用するが、この時定数は発電機の鉄心材料による飽和の度合いにより異なる。従って、鉄心材料等により発電機時定数が変動する度に、電圧制御の安定化を図るために発電機時定数の補償を考慮した第２の演算増幅器１６を設計しなおさなければならない。
【００１０】
本発明（請求項１乃至請求項６対応）は、上記事情に対処するためになされたもので、その目的は、発電機の鉄心材料等により発電機の時定数が変動した場合でも、容易に電圧制御の安定化を図ることの可能な同期発電機またはブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器を提供することにある。
【００１１】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の請求項１の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器は、同期発電機の界磁巻線に直列に接続され、スイッチング動作により界磁電圧を調節する第１のスイッチング素子と、前記界磁巻線と前記第１のスイッチング素子からなる直列回路に直流電圧を供給する直流電源と、前記界磁巻線に並列に接続され、且つ前記直流電源の正側出力端子にカソード端子が接続されたダイオードと、前記同期発電機の端子電圧を検出する電圧検出器と、電圧指令信号を出力する電圧指令信号発生器と、前記電圧指令信号発生器の出力信号から前記電圧検出器の出力信号を減算して誤差信号を出力する減算器と、前記減算器の出力する誤差信号を増幅し且つ負荷のインピーダンスの変動に伴う発電機特性の変動を補償し、前記同期発電機の電圧を所望の電圧に保つための制御信号を出力する演算増幅器と、前記演算増幅器の出力する制御信号を増幅し且つ発電機の持つ１次遅れ要素を補償する１次進み補償器と、前記１次進み補償器の出力信号に比例したオン期間のパルス電圧を出力し、前記第１のスイッチング素子をスイッチング動作させるパルス幅変調器を備え、前記１次進み補償器の時定数は発電機の無負荷飽和特性のギャップラインの傾きに対する発電機電圧定格時の無負荷飽和特性の接線の傾きの比を発電機開路時定数に乗じた値とし、発電機の定格電圧運転中において発電機の飽和により発電機時定数が変動した場合においても発電機の持つ１次遅れ要素を補償することで、安定な発電機電圧制御を行うようにしたことを特徴とする。
【００１２】
本発明の請求項２は、請求項１記載の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器において、前記１次進み補償器は前記電圧検出器の出力信号を入力し、前記減算器は該１次進み補償器の出力信号を前記電圧指令信号発生器の出力信号から減算し、前記パルス幅変調器は前記演算増幅器の出力信号を入力することを特徴とする。
【００１３】
本発明の請求項３のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器は、請求項１記載の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器において、前記同期発電機の代わりにブラシレス同期発電機を用い、該ブラシレス同期発電機の端子電圧を所望の電圧に調整することを特徴とする。
【００１４】
本発明の請求項４のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器は、請求項２記載の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器において、前記同期発電機の代わりにブラシレス同期発電機を用い、該ブラシレス同期発電機の端子電圧を所望の電圧に調整することを特徴とする。
【００１５】
本発明の請求項５は、請求項３記載のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器において、前記直流電源と前記第１のスイッチング素子と前記ダイオードの代わりに、ブラシレス同期発電機の出力端子に１次側が接続された変圧器と、前記変圧器の２次側に接続されたリアクトルと、前記ブラシレス同期発電機の出力端子に１次側が接続されるとともに２次側端子が前記リアクトルと前記変圧器２次側回路から成る直列回路に接続された変流器と、前記リアクトルと変流器２次側に接続され、リアクトル電流と前記変流器２次側電流の合成電流を間欠的に分流する第２のスイッチング素子と、交流側が前記第２のスイッチング素子の端子に接続され、直流側が前記ブラシレス同期発電機の界磁回路に接続され、第２のスイッチング素子による分流後の電流を整流してブラシレス同期発電機の界磁回路に供給する整流器からなる複巻方式の励磁回路を備えることを特徴とする。
【００１６】
本発明の請求項６は、請求項５記載のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器において、前記１次進み補償器は前記電圧検出器の出力信号を入力し、前記減算器は該１次進み補償器の出力信号を前記電圧指令信号発生器の出力信号から減算し、前記パルス幅変調器は前記演算増幅器の出力信号を入力することを特徴とする。
【００１７】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下、本発明の実施の形態を図を参照して説明する。
図１は、本発明の第１実施形態（請求項１対応）である同期発電機の自動電圧調整器の回路図である。
【００１８】
図に示すように、本実施形態が既に説明した図５の従来の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器と相違する構成は、第１の演算増幅器８と１次進み補償器９を備えている点であり、その他の構成は同一であるので、同一部分には同一符号を付して重複説明は省略する。
【００１９】
次に、本実施形態の主要な構成の作用について説明する。
ダイオード４は、同期発電機１の界磁巻線に並列で且つカソード端子が直流電源３の正側出力端子の方向となるように接続され、第１のスイッチング素子２がオフしている期間に界磁電流が流れる経路を確保するフライホイール機能を持っている。
【００２０】
減算器７は電圧指令信号発生器６が出力する指令信号から同期発電機１の端子電圧を検出する電圧検出器５の出力信号を減算した誤差信号を出力する。
第１の演算増幅器８は、減算器７の出力信号を増幅し且つ負荷インピーダンスの変動による発電機特性の変動を補償し、同期発電機１の電圧を所望の電圧となるように界磁電圧を操作する制御信号を出力する。
【００２１】
１次進み補償器９は時定数として発電機の無負荷飽和特性のギャップラインの傾きに対する発電機電圧定格時の無負荷飽和特性の接線の傾きの比を発電機開路時定数に乗じた値を持ち、第１の演算増幅器８の出力する制御信号を増幅する。パルス幅変調器１０は１次進み補償器９の出力信号に比例したオンデューティのスイッチング信号を出力する。
【００２２】
第１のスイッチング素子２は、同期発電機１の界磁巻線に直列に接続され、これらの直列回路には直流電源３によって直流電圧が印加され、第１のスイッチング素子２は、パルス幅変調器１０の出力するスイッチング信号に従ってスイッチング動作することにより、直流電源電圧をチョッパ操作し、同期発電機１の界磁巻線に印加される平均電圧を調節する。直流電源３は、例えば永久磁石同期発電機とその出力端子に接続された整流器で構成される場合や同期発電機１の端子電圧を整流器で整流する回路で構成される場合がある。
【００２３】
本実施形態は以上のような機能を有する構成機器を備えることにより、発電機の鉄心材料等の飽和の度合いによって発電機の定格電圧付近での時定数が変動した場合でも、１次進み補償器９によって発電機伝達関数の１次遅れ要素を補償し、第１の演算増幅器８を設計変更することなく発電機電圧を安定に制御することが可能である。
なお、同期発電機１の代わりにブラシレス同期発電機である場合（請求項３対応）でも同様の効果が得られる。
【００２４】
図２は、本発明の第２実施形態（請求項２対応）である同期発電機の自動電圧調整器の回路図である。
図に示すように、本実施形態が既に説明した図１の第１実施形態の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器と相違する構成は、１次進み補償器９と第１の演算増幅器８とパルス幅変調器１０の接続箇所が異なる点であり、その他の構成機器は同一であるので、同一部分には同一符号を付して重複説明は省略する。
【００２５】
図において、本実施形態では、１次進み補償器９は電圧検出器５の出力信号を入力とし、減算器７へ信号を出力する。パルス幅変調器１０は第１の演算増幅器８の出力信号を入力とする。
【００２６】
本実施形態は以上のような構成機器を備えることにより、発電機電圧制御系の開ループ伝達関数において、１次進み補償器９によって発電機伝達関数の１次遅れ要素を補償することができるため、図１の第１実施形態と同様な効果が得られる。
なお、図２の実施形態において、同期発電機１の代わりにブラシレス同期発電機である場合（請求項４対応）でも同様の効果が得られる。
【００２７】
図３は、本発明の第３実施形態（請求項５対応）であるブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器の回路図である。
図に示すように、本実施形態が既に説明した図１の第１実施形態の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器と相違する構成は、第１のスイッチング素子２と直流電源３とダイオード４の代わりに、変圧器１１とリアクトル１２と変流器１３と第２のスイッチング素子１４と整流器１５を備え、変圧器１１は１次側が同期発電機１の出力端子に接続され、リアクトル１２の一方は変圧器１１の２次側に接続されており、また変流器１３は１次側が同期発電機１の出力端子に接続され、２次側がリアクトル１２の他方に接続されており、さらに整流器１５は交流側がリアクトル１２の他方及び変流器１３の２次側に接続され、直流側が同期発電機１の界磁巻線に接続され、第２のスイッチング素子１４は整流器１５の交流側に並列に接続され、パルス幅変調器１０の出力するスイッチング信号に従ってスイッチング動作する点であり、その他の構成は同一であるので、同一部分には同一符号を付して重複説明は省略する。
【００２８】
本実施形態は以上のような構成機器を備えることにより、発電機の鉄心材料等の飽和の度合いによって発電機の定格電圧付近での時定数が変動した場合でも、発電機伝達関数の１次遅れ要素を１次進み補償器９によって補償することで、第１の演算増幅器８を設計変更することなく発電機電圧を安定に制御することが可能である。
【００２９】
図４は、本発明の第４実施形態（請求項６対応）であるブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器の回路図である。
図に示すように、本実施形態が既に説明した図３の第３実施形態のブラシレス同期発電機の自動電圧調整器と相違する構成は、１次進み補償器９と第１の演算増幅器８とパルス幅変調器１０の接続箇所が異なる点であり、その他の構成機器は同一であるので、同一部分には同一符号を付して重複説明は省略する。
【００３０】
図において、本実施形態では電圧検出器５の出力信号を１次進み補償器９へ入力する。減算器７では電圧指令信号発生器６から出力された電圧指令信号から１次進み補償器９の出力信号を減算して第１の演算増幅器８に入力する。第１の演算増幅器８では減算器７の出力信号を増幅し且つ負荷インピーダンスの変動による発電機特性の変動を補償し、その出力信号をパルス幅変調器１０に入力し、第２スイッチング素子１４を開閉し、その開閉信号は整流器１５に入力する。
【００３１】
本実施形態は以上のような構成機器を備えることにより、発電機電圧制御系の開ループ伝達関数において、１次進み補償器９によって発電機伝達関数の１次遅れ要素を補償することができるため、図３の第３実施形態と同様な効果が得られる。
【００３２】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明（請求項１乃至請求項６対応）によれば、発電機の鉄心材料等の飽和の度合いによって発電機の定格電圧付近での時定数が変動した場合でも、自動電圧調整器に備わる１次進み補償によって発電機伝達関数の１次遅れ要素を補償し、他の演算増幅器の設計を変更することなく発電機電圧を安定に制御することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の第１実施形態の回路図。
【図２】本発明の第２実施形態の回路図。
【図３】本発明の第３実施形態の回路図。
【図４】本発明の第４実施形態の回路図。
【図５】従来の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器の回路図。
【図６】従来の他の同期発電機の自動電圧調整器の回路図。
【図７】発電機端子電圧と界磁電流の関係を示すグラフ。
【符号の説明】
１…同期発電機またはブラシレス同期発電機、２…第１のスイッチング素子、３…直流電源、４…ダイオード、５…電圧検出器、６…電圧指令信号発生器、７…減算器、８…第１の演算増幅器、９…１次進み補償器、１０…パルス幅変調器、１１…変圧器、１２…リアクトル、１３…変流器、１４…第２のスイッチング素子、１５…整流器、１６…第２の演算増幅器。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synchronous generator or an automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator that automatically controls the output voltage of the synchronous generator or brushless synchronous generator to a desired voltage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
A conventional automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator will be described with reference to FIG.
As shown in the figure, the diode 4 is connected in parallel to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1 so that the cathode terminal is in the direction of the positive output terminal of the DC power supply 3, and the first switching element 2 is It has a flywheel function to secure a path for field current to flow during the off period.
[0003]
The subtracter 7 outputs an error signal obtained by subtracting the output signal of the voltage detector 5 that detects the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 1 from the command signal output from the voltage command signal generator 6.
The second operational amplifier 16 amplifies the output signal of the subtractor 7 and compensates for fluctuations in the generator characteristics due to fluctuations in the load impedance, and sets the field voltage so that the voltage of the synchronous generator 1 becomes a desired voltage. Outputs the control signal to be operated.
[0004]
The pulse width modulator 10 outputs an on-duty switching signal proportional to the control signal output from the second operational amplifier 16.
The first switching element 2 is connected in series to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1, a DC voltage is applied to these series circuits by a DC power supply 3, and the first switching element 2 is a pulse width modulator. The DC power supply voltage is chopper-operated by performing a switching operation according to the switching signal output by 10 to adjust the average voltage applied to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1. For example, the DC power supply 3 may be composed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a rectifier connected to its output terminal, or a circuit that rectifies the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 1 with a rectifier.
[0005]
The automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator 1 configured as described above automatically adjusts the field voltage application amount even when the output voltage of the synchronous generator 1 fluctuates due to fluctuations in the load amount. The output voltage of the machine 1 can be controlled to a desired voltage. The same applies to a brushless synchronous generator instead of the synchronous generator 1.
[0006]
Another conventional automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator will be described with reference to FIG. The automatic voltage regulator of the brushless synchronous generator is different from the automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator shown in FIG. 5 in that a transformer 11 and a reactor 12 are used instead of the first switching element 2, the DC power supply 3 and the diode 4. Current transformer 13, second switching element 14, and rectifier 15. Transformer 11 has a primary side connected to the output terminal of synchronous generator 1, a secondary side connected to reactor 12, and rectifier 15. The AC side is connected to the secondary side of the reactor 12 and the current transformer 13, the DC side is connected to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1, and the second switching element 14 is parallel to the AC side of the rectifier 15. And the switching operation is performed in accordance with the switching signal output from the pulse width modulator 10, and the other components are the same. It omitted.
[0007]
In the automatic voltage regulator of the brushless synchronous generator of FIG. 6, the second switching element 14 performs a switching operation according to the switching signal output from the pulse width modulator 10, thereby intermittently shorting the AC side of the rectifier 15. The current flowing into the field winding of the synchronous generator 1 is adjusted by temporarily dividing the combined current of the current of the reactor 12 and the current of the current transformer 13 (see Japanese Patent No. 2913175).
[0008]
Since the automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator configured as described above automatically adjusts the supply amount of the field current even if the output voltage of the synchronous generator 1 fluctuates due to the fluctuation of the load, the synchronous generator The output voltage of 1 can be controlled to a desired voltage. The same applies to a brushless synchronous generator instead of the synchronous generator 1.
[0009]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
The transfer function of a synchronous generator is generally expressed by a first-order lag element, and the time constant is often indicated by an open circuit time constant Tdo ′ measured by a field attenuation method. However , when the generator is operated at the rated voltage, the time constant fluctuates due to the saturation of the core of the generator. FIG. 7 is an example of the no-load saturation characteristic of the synchronous generator. Paying attention to the slope of the tangent of the no-load saturation characteristic, the slope is greatly different between the tangent A when the terminal voltage is near zero and the tangent B when the voltage is near the rated voltage. From this, it can be seen that the inductance seen from the field circuit near the terminal voltage is different from the inductance seen from the field circuit near the rated voltage, and therefore the time constant of the generator is also different. Since the synchronous generator is operated near the rated voltage after the voltage is established, when designing the voltage controller, the time constant when the terminal voltage is near the rated voltage is not the open circuit time constant Tdo '. Adopted as the time constant of the element, this time constant depends on the degree of saturation due to the core material of the generator. Therefore, every time the generator time constant fluctuates due to the iron core material or the like, the second operational amplifier 16 that takes into account the compensation of the generator time constant must be redesigned in order to stabilize the voltage control.
[0010]
The present invention (corresponding to claims 1 to 6) is made in order to cope with the above circumstances, and its purpose is to easily perform even when the time constant of the generator fluctuates due to the iron core material or the like of the generator. An object of the present invention is to provide an automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator or a brushless synchronous generator capable of stabilizing voltage control.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to claim 1 of the present invention is connected in series to a field winding of the synchronous generator, and is a first for adjusting a field voltage by a switching operation. A switching element, a DC power source for supplying a DC voltage to a series circuit composed of the field winding and the first switching element, a positive output of the DC power source connected in parallel to the field winding A diode having a cathode terminal connected to the terminal, a voltage detector that detects a terminal voltage of the synchronous generator, a voltage command signal generator that outputs a voltage command signal, and an output signal of the voltage command signal generator A subtractor for subtracting the output signal of the voltage detector to output an error signal; amplifying the error signal output from the subtractor; and compensating for variations in generator characteristics due to variations in load impedance; An operational amplifier that outputs a control signal for maintaining the voltage at a desired voltage, a first-order lead compensator that amplifies the control signal output from the operational amplifier and compensates for a first-order lag element of the generator, A pulse width modulator that outputs a pulse voltage of an ON period proportional to the output signal of the primary lead compensator and that performs the switching operation of the first switching element, and the time constant of the primary lead compensator is determined by the generator The ratio of the slope of the tangent of the no-load saturation characteristic at the time of generator voltage rating to the slope of the gap line of the no-load saturation characteristic is multiplied by the generator open-circuit time constant to saturate the generator during generator rated voltage operation. Even when the generator time constant fluctuates due to the above, stable generator voltage control is performed by compensating for the primary delay element of the generator.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator according to the first aspect, the first-order lead compensator inputs an output signal of the voltage detector, and the subtractor receives the first-order lead compensation. The output signal of the amplifier is subtracted from the output signal of the voltage command signal generator, and the pulse width modulator receives the output signal of the operational amplifier.
[0013]
The automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator according to claim 3 of the present invention is the automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein a brushless synchronous generator is used instead of the synchronous generator, and the brushless synchronous generator is used. The terminal voltage of the generator is adjusted to a desired voltage.
[0014]
The automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator according to claim 4 of the present invention is the automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to claim 2, wherein a brushless synchronous generator is used instead of the synchronous generator, and the brushless synchronous generator is used. The terminal voltage of the generator is adjusted to a desired voltage.
[0015]
According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, in the automatic voltage regulator of the brushless synchronous generator according to the third aspect, instead of the DC power source, the first switching element, and the diode, an output terminal of the brushless synchronous generator is set to 1. A transformer connected to the secondary side, a reactor connected to the secondary side of the transformer, a primary side connected to an output terminal of the brushless synchronous generator, and a secondary side terminal connected to the reactor and the transformer A current transformer connected to a series circuit composed of secondary circuits, and the reactor and the current transformer secondary side, and intermittently shunt the combined current of the reactor current and the current transformer secondary current. The second switching element and the AC side are connected to the terminal of the second switching element, the DC side is connected to the field circuit of the brushless synchronous generator, and the second switching element is divided. It rectifies the subsequent current, characterized in that it comprises an excitation circuit of a double winding method comprising a supply rectifier field circuit of the brushless synchronous generator.
[0016]
According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, in the automatic voltage regulator of the brushless synchronous generator according to the fifth aspect, the primary advance compensator inputs an output signal of the voltage detector, and the subtractor receives the primary advance. The output signal of the compensator is subtracted from the output signal of the voltage command signal generator, and the pulse width modulator receives the output signal of the operational amplifier.
[0017]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of an automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to a first embodiment (corresponding to claim 1) of the present invention.
[0018]
As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is different from the conventional automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator shown in FIG. 5 in that the first operational amplifier 8 and the primary lead compensator 9 are provided. Since other configurations are the same, the same portions are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
[0019]
Next, the operation of the main configuration of the present embodiment will be described.
The diode 4 is connected in parallel to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1 so that the cathode terminal is in the direction of the positive output terminal of the DC power supply 3 and the first switching element 2 is off. It has a flywheel function that secures a path through which field current flows.
[0020]
The subtracter 7 outputs an error signal obtained by subtracting the output signal of the voltage detector 5 that detects the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 1 from the command signal output from the voltage command signal generator 6.
The first operational amplifier 8 amplifies the output signal of the subtractor 7 and compensates for fluctuations in generator characteristics due to fluctuations in load impedance, and sets the field voltage so that the voltage of the synchronous generator 1 becomes a desired voltage. Outputs the control signal to be operated.
[0021]
The primary advance compensator 9 is obtained by multiplying the generator open time constant by the ratio of the slope of the tangent of the no load saturation characteristic at the generator voltage rating to the gap line slope of the generator no load saturation characteristic as a time constant. The control signal output from the first operational amplifier 8 is amplified. The pulse width modulator 10 outputs an on-duty switching signal proportional to the output signal of the primary advance compensator 9.
[0022]
The first switching element 2 is connected in series to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1, and a DC voltage is applied to these series circuits by a DC power supply 3, and the first switching element 2 is subjected to pulse width modulation. The DC power supply voltage is chopper-operated by performing a switching operation according to the switching signal output from the generator 10, and the average voltage applied to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1 is adjusted. For example, the DC power supply 3 may be composed of a permanent magnet synchronous generator and a rectifier connected to its output terminal, or a circuit that rectifies the terminal voltage of the synchronous generator 1 with a rectifier.
[0023]
The present embodiment includes the components having the functions as described above, so that even when the time constant near the rated voltage of the generator varies depending on the degree of saturation of the core material of the generator, etc., the primary advance compensator 9 compensates for the first-order lag element of the generator transfer function, and the generator voltage can be stably controlled without changing the design of the first operational amplifier 8.
Note that the same effect can be obtained when a brushless synchronous generator is used instead of the synchronous generator 1 (corresponding to claim 3).
[0024]
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to a second embodiment (corresponding to claim 2) of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is different from the automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the primary lead compensator 9, the first operational amplifier 8, and the pulse The connection point of the width modulator 10 is different, and the other components are the same. Therefore, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
[0025]
In the figure, in this embodiment, the primary advance compensator 9 receives the output signal of the voltage detector 5 and outputs a signal to the subtractor 7. The pulse width modulator 10 receives the output signal of the first operational amplifier 8 as an input.
[0026]
Since the present embodiment includes the above-described components, the first-order lead compensator 9 can compensate the first-order lag element of the generator transfer function in the open-loop transfer function of the generator voltage control system. The same effect as the first embodiment of FIG. 1 can be obtained.
In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the same effect can be obtained even when the synchronous generator 1 is a brushless synchronous generator (corresponding to claim 4).
[0027]
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator according to a third embodiment (corresponding to claim 5) of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, this embodiment is different from the automatic voltage regulator of the synchronous generator of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the first switching element 2, DC power supply 3, and diode 4 are replaced. Are provided with a transformer 11, a reactor 12, a current transformer 13, a second switching element 14, and a rectifier 15. The transformer 11 is connected to the output terminal of the synchronous generator 1 on the primary side, and one of the reactors 12 is transformed. The current transformer 13 is connected to the secondary side of the generator 11, the primary side is connected to the output terminal of the synchronous generator 1, the secondary side is connected to the other side of the reactor 12, and the rectifier 15 is connected to the AC. The side is connected to the other side of the reactor 12 and the secondary side of the current transformer 13, the DC side is connected to the field winding of the synchronous generator 1, and the second switching element 14 is connected in parallel to the AC side of the rectifier 15. , Pulse width modulation And in that a switching operation in accordance with 10 output switching signals to the, since other configurations are the same, the redundant description the same reference numeral is applied to the same portions will be omitted.
[0028]
This embodiment includes the above-described components, so that even if the time constant near the rated voltage of the generator varies depending on the degree of saturation of the core material of the generator, the first-order lag of the generator transfer function By compensating the element by the primary advance compensator 9, it is possible to stably control the generator voltage without changing the design of the first operational amplifier 8.
[0029]
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of an automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator according to a fourth embodiment (corresponding to claim 6) of the present invention.
As shown in the figure, the present embodiment is different from the automatic voltage regulator of the brushless synchronous generator of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that the primary advance compensator 9, the first operational amplifier 8, and the like. Since the connection location of the pulse width modulator 10 is different and the other components are the same, the same parts are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
[0030]
In the figure, in this embodiment, the output signal of the voltage detector 5 is input to the primary advance compensator 9. The subtracter 7 subtracts the output signal of the primary advance compensator 9 from the voltage command signal output from the voltage command signal generator 6 and inputs it to the first operational amplifier 8. The first operational amplifier 8 amplifies the output signal of the subtractor 7 and compensates for fluctuations in generator characteristics due to fluctuations in load impedance. The output signal is input to the pulse width modulator 10, and the second switching element 14 is connected. The open / close signal is input to the rectifier 15.
[0031]
Since the present embodiment includes the above-described components, the first-order lead compensator 9 can compensate the first-order lag element of the generator transfer function in the open-loop transfer function of the generator voltage control system. The same effect as the third embodiment of FIG. 3 is obtained.
[0032]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention (corresponding to claims 1 to 6), even if the time constant near the rated voltage of the generator varies depending on the degree of saturation of the core material of the generator, etc. The first-order lead compensation provided in the voltage regulator compensates the first-order lag element of the generator transfer function, and the generator voltage can be stably controlled without changing the design of other operational amplifiers.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of an automatic voltage regulator of a conventional synchronous generator.
FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of another conventional automatic generator automatic voltage regulator.
FIG. 7 is a graph showing a relationship between a generator terminal voltage and a field current.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Synchronous generator or brushless synchronous generator, 2 ... 1st switching element, 3 ... DC power supply, 4 ... Diode, 5 ... Voltage detector, 6 ... Voltage command signal generator, 7 ... Subtractor, 8 ... 1st DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 operational amplifier, 9 ... Primary lead compensator, 10 ... Pulse width modulator, 11 ... Transformer, 12 ... Reactor, 13 ... Current transformer, 14 ... Second switching element, 15 ... Rectifier, 16 ... First 2 operational amplifiers.

Claims

A first switching element that is connected in series to the field winding of the synchronous generator and adjusts the field voltage by a switching operation, and a DC voltage is applied to a series circuit composed of the field winding and the first switching element. A DC power supply to be supplied; a diode connected in parallel to the field winding; and a cathode terminal connected to a positive output terminal of the DC power supply; a voltage detector for detecting a terminal voltage of the synchronous generator; A voltage command signal generator that outputs a voltage command signal, a subtracter that subtracts an output signal of the voltage detector from an output signal of the voltage command signal generator, and outputs an error signal, and an output of the subtractor An operational amplifier that amplifies the error signal and compensates for fluctuations in generator characteristics accompanying fluctuations in load impedance, and outputs a control signal for maintaining the voltage of the synchronous generator at a desired voltage; and the operational amplification A first-order lead compensator that amplifies the control signal output from the generator and compensates for a first-order lag element of the generator, and outputs a pulse voltage of an on period proportional to the output signal of the first-order lead compensator, A pulse width modulator for switching one switching element, and the time constant of the first-order lead compensator is a tangent of the no-load saturation characteristic at the time of the generator voltage rating with respect to the gap line slope of the no-load saturation characteristic of the generator The slope ratio of the generator is multiplied by the generator open circuit time constant, and even when the generator time constant fluctuates due to generator saturation during generator rated voltage operation, the primary delay element of the generator is compensated. Thus, an automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator characterized by performing stable generator voltage control.

2. The automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein the primary lead compensator inputs an output signal of the voltage detector, and the subtractor outputs the output signal of the primary lead compensator to the voltage command. An automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator, wherein the pulse generator is subtracted from an output signal of a signal generator, and the output signal of the operational amplifier is input to the pulse width modulator.

2. The automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to claim 1, wherein a brushless synchronous generator is used instead of the synchronous generator, and a terminal voltage of the brushless synchronous generator is adjusted to a desired voltage. Automatic voltage regulator for synchronous generator.

3. The automatic voltage regulator for a synchronous generator according to claim 2, wherein a brushless synchronous generator is used instead of the synchronous generator, and the terminal voltage of the brushless synchronous generator is adjusted to a desired voltage. Automatic voltage regulator for synchronous generator.

4. The automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator according to claim 3, wherein, instead of the DC power supply, the first switching element, and the diode, a transformer having a primary side connected to an output terminal of the brushless synchronous generator; A series circuit comprising a reactor connected to the secondary side of the transformer, a primary side connected to the output terminal of the brushless synchronous generator, and a secondary side terminal comprising the reactor and the transformer secondary side circuit A current transformer connected to the reactor, a second switching element connected to the reactor and the current transformer secondary, and intermittently diverting a combined current of the reactor current and the current transformer secondary current, and an alternating current The side is connected to the terminal of the second switching element, the DC side is connected to the field circuit of the brushless synchronous generator, and the current after the shunting by the second switching element is rectified Automatic voltage regulator of a brushless synchronous generator, characterized in that it comprises an excitation circuit of a double winding method comprising a field circuit to supply rectifier Rashiresu synchronous generator.

6. The automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator according to claim 5, wherein the primary lead compensator inputs an output signal of the voltage detector, and the subtractor outputs the output signal of the primary lead compensator to the voltage. An automatic voltage regulator for a brushless synchronous generator, wherein the pulse width modulator receives the output signal of the operational amplifier, and subtracts it from the output signal of the command signal generator.