JP3830439B2 - Solar heat collecting tube and water heater using the same - Google Patents

Solar heat collecting tube and water heater using the same Download PDF

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JP3830439B2
JP3830439B2 JP2002284638A JP2002284638A JP3830439B2 JP 3830439 B2 JP3830439 B2 JP 3830439B2 JP 2002284638 A JP2002284638 A JP 2002284638A JP 2002284638 A JP2002284638 A JP 2002284638A JP 3830439 B2 JP3830439 B2 JP 3830439B2
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glass tube
heat collecting
inner glass
tube
solar heat
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JP2004116964A (en
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恵炯 陶
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Kyocera Corp
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Kyocera Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • F24S10/45Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors the enclosure being cylindrical
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/90Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation
    • F24S10/95Solar heat collectors using working fluids using internal thermosiphonic circulation having evaporator sections and condenser sections, e.g. heat pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24SSOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44Heat exchange systems

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、太陽熱を集熱する太陽熱集熱管及びそれを用いて温水を作製するための温水装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、図1に示すように、ヒートパイプ式の太陽熱集熱管1を利用した太陽熱集熱装置2が知られている。この太陽熱集熱装置2に利用されるヒートパイプ1は図2に示すように、内部を減圧下に保持した外側ガラス管3内に、液体の作動媒体が封入された内側ガラス管4の一部を挿入して成るとともに、外側ガラス管3内の領域(内側ガラス管4における外側ガラス管3内への挿入部)で作動媒体を気化せしめ(蒸発部)、外側ガラス管3外の領域(内側ガラス管4における外側ガラス管3外の露出部)で気化した作動媒体を凝縮させて液化させる(凝縮部)ことにより太陽熱を集熱し、熱媒体に熱を伝達するものである(例えば、特許文献1を参照)。
【0003】
図1に一部断面平面図にて示すように、太陽熱集熱管1の複数を並設するとともに、内側ガラス管4の凝縮部を液体である循環媒体(例えば水やプロピレングリコール等の不凍液)が流れるように構成した筐体(流路)21に収容し、外側ガラス管3における蒸発部を外側へ露出させて太陽熱集熱装置2を構成している。ここで、図中22は各種ゴム等の弾性部材で構成されたパッキンであり、23は流入口、24は流出口である。このように構成した集熱装置2は、外側ガラス管3側が下方になるように傾けて屋根などに設置され、太陽熱利用給湯システムの集熱器として利用される。
【0004】
【特許文献1】
特開平10−300242号
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
ところが、太陽熱利用給湯システムが作動し、前記循環媒体に圧力が加わった際、太陽熱集熱管1の内側ガラス管4には凝縮部から蒸発部へ向かう一方向の力が加わるため前記パッキンが外れ、太陽熱集熱管1が脱落する恐れがある。
【0006】
また、上記形態のヒートパイプ型集熱管の伝熱能力は、内側ガラス管4の断面積に比例するので、集熱管長を長くして集熱面積を大きくするためには集熱管長に応じて管径を大きくする必要がある。逆に言えば、集熱管の管径が決まれば自ずと許容される集熱管の管長が制限される。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記課題を解決するために、本発明の太陽熱集熱管は、内部を減圧下に保持した第1外側ガラス管内に、液体の作動媒体が封入された内側ガラス管の中間部を除く一方側を挿入して成るとともに、該内側ガラス管の中間部を除く他方側を、内部を減圧下に保持した第2外側ガラス管内に挿入して、前記第1及び第2外側ガラス管に挿入された前記内側ガラス管の領域で前記作動媒体を気化せしめ、前記ガラス管の中間部で気化した作動媒体を液化せしめることを特徴とする。
【0008】
また、前記内側ガラス管の中間部を除く領域に、光の波長を選択的に吸収する選択吸収膜が被着形成されていることを特徴とする。より具体的には、内側ガラス管の外側ガラス管へ挿入した部分の少なくとも受光面に、光の波長を選択的に吸収する選択吸収膜を被着形成する。
【0009】
また、前記内側ガラス管の内部において、前記外側ガラス管に挿入された領域から前記中間部の領域にかけて連続して、前記作動流体の還流を毛細管現象により促進するウィックを設け、該ウィックが前記中間部においては前記内側ガラス管の上下いずれか一方の壁面に設けられていることを特徴とする。より好適には、前記内側ガラス管における前記外側ガラス管に挿入された領域から前記外側ガラス管外の領域にかけて連続して前記内側ガラス管の内部に毛細管現象により作動流体の還流を促進するウィックを具備し、該ウィックが前記外側ガラス管外の領域においては前記内側ガラス管の断面内の下部のみに位置するようにする。
【0010】
また、前記内側ガラス管の中間部における外周に放熱フィンを取着したことを特徴とする。
【0011】
また、外側ガラス管の下面側に蒸発部の性能を向上させるための湾曲状や平板状などの反射体を配設するようにしてもよい。また、内側ガラス管の挿入部の内側表面を凹凸状に粗面化しても良い。このように構成することにより蒸発部の性能をいっそう向上させることができる。また、内側ガラス管の露出部表面を凹凸状に粗面化してもよく、これにより凝縮部における凝縮性能を向上させることができる。
【0012】
さらに、本発明の温水装置は、上述した太陽熱集熱管における内側ガラス管の中間部を液体が流れる流路内に配設し、該流路内で熱交換を行わせた液体を利用して温水を作製するようにしたことを特徴とする。
【0013】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明に係る実施形態を図面に基づき詳細に説明する。
【0014】
まず、図3(a)、(b)に示す本発明の太陽熱集熱管31の構成について説明する。
【0015】
太陽熱集熱管31は、内部を減圧下に保持した2つの外側ガラス管(第1及び第2外側ガラス管)33内に、液体の作動媒体が封入された内側ガラス管34の中間部を除く一方側と他方側とを挿入して成るとともに、内側ガラス管34の領域で作動媒体を気化せしめ、内側ガラス管34の中間部で気化した作動媒体を液化せしめるように構成している。
【0016】
より具体的には、太陽熱集熱管31は、内部を減圧下、好ましくは真空状態(例えば約10-3〜10-4Paであるが、より高真空であるのが望ましい)に保持した2つの外側ガラス管33内に、水やフロン等の気液平衡状態の作動媒体が封入された内側ガラス管34の中間の一部を除く両端を挿入して成るとともに、外側ガラス管33内の領域(内側ガラス管34における外側ガラス管33内の挿入部(蒸発部))34aで作動媒体を気化せしめ、外側ガラス管33外の領域(内側ガラス管34の中間部:内側ガラス管34における外側ガラス管33外の露出部(凝縮部))34bで気化した作動媒体を凝縮させて液化せしめるように構成されている。
【0017】
ここで、外側ガラス管33及び内側ガラス管34はそれぞれ同様な材質から成り、例えばほう珪酸ガラスやソーダガラス等から成る。また、内側ガラス管34は外側ガラス管33の外径より小さな外径を有し、その凝縮部34bは例えば水等が流れる流路内に配設され熱交換を行う。また、内側ガラス管34には作動媒体とともにその内周面に沿って、凝縮部から蒸発部への作動流体の還流を促進するウィック38を設けても良い。この場合、ウィック38は凝縮部34bから両側の蒸発部34aに偏りなく作動流体を還流するため凝縮部34bと両側の蒸発部34aにわたって連続して配されるとともに、凝縮部34bにおいては、図12に示すように、内側ガラス管34の断面内の下部に配するのが好適である。これは、内側ガラス管34の断面内の全周にわたって配すると作動流体の凝縮を阻害し、集熱効率が低下することを防ぐためである。すなわち、内側ガラス管34の上部で凝縮し、凝縮した作動流体は内面を伝って下部に流下し、ウィック38により蒸発部34aに還流され、蒸発するというサイクルを円滑に繰り返し、良好な集熱が行える。
【0018】
また、図3(b)の内側ガラス管34の受光面側における挿入部34aの領域A1における拡大断面図を図4に示すように、内側ガラス管34はその少なくとも受光部の外側表面にアルミや銅等を主成分とする黒色の選択吸収膜35がスパッタリング等によって被着形成されており、この選択吸収膜35でもって光の波長を選択的に吸収することにより集熱効率を高めるようにしている。なお、内側ガラス管34と外側ガラス管33との間隙36は真空状態となっており、これにより断熱作用を好適に行わせることができる。
【0019】
また、図5に太陽熱集熱管31の正面図を模式的に示すように、外側ガラス管33の集熱下面側に蒸発部の性能を向上させるためにステンレスやアルミニウム等の湾曲状の金属板から成る反射体37を配設するようにしてもよい。なお、この反射体37は平板状のものであってもよく、要は光を好適に反射する構造のものであればよい。
【0020】
また、図6に図3(b)の内側ガラス管34の挿入部34a下側の領域A2における拡大断面図を示すように、内側ガラス管34の内側表面34cを凹凸状に粗面化してもよく、このように構成することにより、蒸発部34aや凝縮部34bの性能をいっそう向上させることができる。なお、この粗面化は例えばガラス球や金属球等の球体の多数をガラス表面に融着させるようにしてもよい。あるいは、網状の金属や凹凸状の金属等から成る筒状シート体をガラス表面に配設するようにしてもよい。
【0021】
また、図7に図3(b)の内側ガラス管34の露出部34bのA3における拡大断面図を示すように、内側ガラス管34の外側表面34dを凹凸状に粗面化してもよく、これにより凝縮部34bにおける凝縮性能を向上させることができる。なお、この粗面化は図8に示すようにガラス球や金属球等の球体の多数をガラス表面に融着させるなどして粗面状としてもよく、その他この凝縮部34bの表面積を広くする各種手法を用いることができる。
【0022】
このように構成された太陽熱集熱管31によれば、内側ガラス管34の蒸発部34aにおいて外側ガラス管33を透過してきた太陽光が当たると、内側ガラス管34が加熱され、内側ガラス管34の内部の作動媒体は液体から気体へ相変化を起こすことにより気体は潜熱を保有する。そして、潜熱を保有した気体は内側ガラス管34の凝縮部34bへ移動し、外部へ潜熱を放出し、この凝縮部34bにおいて気体から液体へ相変化することにより元に戻るサイクルを繰り返す。
【0023】
この際、蒸発部34aで気化した作動媒体は内側ガラス管34の内部を凝縮部34bへ移動するため、蒸発部34aが長く、受熱量が増すと蒸発部34aで蒸発する作動媒体の量が多くなり、内側ガラス管34の内部を蒸発部34aから凝縮部34bへ移動する際の作動媒体に掛かる抵抗が大きくなり、円滑に熱を蒸発部34aから凝縮部34bへ伝えられなくなる。
【0024】
従って、内側ガラス管34の管径に応じて許容される管長が決定するが、本発明の太陽熱集熱管31の場合、蒸発部34aが凝縮部34bの両端に構成されているため、従来の蒸発部4bが片方にのみ構成されている太陽熱集熱管1に比べ、同一の管径でも約2倍の管長にすることができる。
【0025】
次に、本発明の太陽熱集熱管の変形例について説明する。図9に本発明に係わる他の太陽熱集熱管41を側面図にて示すように、内部が真空状態の外側ガラス管43内に作動媒体が封入された内側ガラス管44の蒸発部44aが挿入されており、この内側ガラス管44の蒸発部44aの表面には、上述の実施例と同様な選択吸収膜45が被着形成されている。
【0026】
さらに、外側ガラス管43の外へ露出した内側ガラス管44の凝縮部44bの外周には、銅(Cu)、アルミニウム合金、ステンレス等から成る良熱伝導性のリング状の放熱フィン48が多数装着されている。これにより、内側ガラス管44の凝縮部44bにおける熱交換効率をより向上させることが可能となる。また、凝集部44bを短くすることができ、集熱管41の全体を小型にすることも可能となる。
【0027】
なお、上記太陽熱集熱管41においても図6〜図8で説明したように、内側ガラス管44の内側や外側の表面を粗面状にすることにより、蒸発性能や凝縮性能を向上させるようにしてもよい。
【0028】
次に、図10に一部断面平面図にて示すように、上記の太陽熱集熱管31を複数並設するとともに、内側ガラス管34の凝縮部34bを液体である循環媒体(例えば水やプロピレングリコール等の不凍液)が流れるように構成した筐体(流路)51に収容し、外側ガラス管33における蒸発部34aを筐体51の両側へ露出させて集熱装置50を構成してもよい。図中54は各種ゴム等の弾性部材で構成されたパッキンであり、53は流入口、54は流出口である。
【0029】
ここで、蒸発部34aには筐体(流路)51内の作動流体の圧力が内側ガラス管34の直径方向にのみ均一に掛かり、軸方向の力が掛からないため、パッキン54が外れ、太陽熱集熱管31が脱落するようなことはない。このように構成した集熱装置50は、流入口53側が下方になるように傾けて屋根などに設置され、後記する温水を作製するための温水装置に組み込まれる。
【0030】
次に、上記のように構成した集熱装置を温水装置(以下、温水システム)に適用した場合について説明する。図11に示すように、温水システムSは後記する集熱回路65と給湯回路66とから構成されている。すなわち、集熱回路65は、太陽光を効率よく集めて集熱を行う集熱装置Q、熱交換器61、膨張タンク62、循環ポンプ63、及び配管64(循環媒体が貯湯槽67側へ流すための往き配管64a,循環媒体が貯湯槽67側から集熱装置Q側へ流すための戻り配管64b)等から成る。ここで、集熱装置Qは多数の集熱管Pで構成された集熱装置Q2台を連結させて集熱能力を高めたものであり、集熱回路65内の循環媒体として水や不凍液を使用している。また、集熱装置Qの流路には循環媒体の温度を検出する高温センサT1が設けられている。
【0031】
また、給湯回路66は、集熱回路65に設けられた熱交換器61と連結された貯湯槽67、給水配管68、及び給湯配管69等から成る。ここで、貯湯槽67には、上部に湯温を検出する沸騰防止センサT2、下部に給水側の温度を検出する低温センサT3が設けられている。なお、図中70は給水配管68に設けられた減圧弁であり、72は貯湯槽67の頂部に設けられた空気抜き弁である。
【0032】
さらに、温水システムSには、集熱装置Qに設けられた高温センサT1、貯湯槽67に設けられた沸騰防止センサT2,低温センサT3、及び循環ポンプ63と電気的に接続されマイクロコンピュータが内蔵された制御装置71が設けられており、この制御装置71でもって主に循環ポンプ63の作動の制御を行っている。
【0033】
このようにして構成された温水システムSは、制御装置71により、高温センサT1で測定した温度t1と低温センサT3で測定された温度t3との差△t(℃)が、例えば7℃以上の場合に循環ポンプ33を駆動し循環媒体を集熱回路65中を循環させるようにして熱交換を行うようにし、貯湯槽67内の水を加温し、適温の湯にすることができる。なお、沸騰防止センサT2が湯温が80℃以上であることを検出した場合や、△t≦4℃の場合に循環ポンプ63を停止して集熱回路65の作動を停止させる。
【0034】
なお、本実施例の温水装置は最も簡便な例に基づいて説明したが、これに限定されるものではなく、例えば熱交換器61を用いる代わりに、直接、湯を貯湯槽67内に導出するように構成してもよく、また、ヒートポンプ装置と組み合わせた熱交換システムを構成するようにしてもよく、あるいは、自然循環型温水器の集熱部として構成してもよく、各種公知の温水装置に本発明の集熱管もしくは集熱装置を組み込んだものを使用でき、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲内で適宜の変更により種々の実施が可能である。
【0035】
【発明の効果】
以上のように、本発明の太陽熱集熱管及び温水装置によれば、太陽熱集熱管の凝縮部(内側ガラス管の中間部)の両側に蒸発部(第1及び第2外側ガラス管で内側ガラス管を覆った部分)を配した構造にしたため、凝縮部を循環流体中に配したときに太陽熱集熱管の軸方向の力を受けることがないため、循環流体の圧力を高くすることができる。これにより、太陽熱集熱管を循環流体に水道圧が直接作用する直圧式と呼ばれる温水装置に使用することができる。
【0036】
また、同様に太陽熱集熱管の凝縮部の両側に蒸発部を配した構造にしたため、集熱管長が短いものが2つあると同じとなり、集熱管の管径を大きくしなくとも作動媒体蒸気の移動が円滑に行われ、同一管径の場合で略2枚分の集熱面積とすることが可能である。これにより、集熱面積を略2倍としながらも熱交換を行なう凝縮部を1箇所とすることができるので熱交換部が占有する領域を増やさなくてよく、太陽熱集熱管及びそれを用いた温水装置をより小型に構成することが可能となる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】従来の集熱装置を説明する図である。
【図2】従来の集熱管を説明する図であり、(a)は側面図、(b)は概略断面図である。
【図3】本発明に係る集熱管を説明する図であり、(a)は側面図、(b)は概略断面図である。
【図4】図3(b)の領域A1の拡大断面図である。
【図5】本発明に係る集熱管の正面図である。
【図6】図3(b)の領域A2の拡大断面図である。
【図7】図3(b)の領域A3の拡大断面図である。
【図8】図3(b)の領域A3の他の例を説明する拡大断面図である。
【図9】本発明に係る他の集熱管を説明する側面図である。
【図10】本発明に係る集熱管の複数から成る集熱装置を説明する一部破断平面図である。
【図11】本発明に係る温水装置を説明する模式的な構成図である。
【図12】内側ガラス管内のウィック配置の一例を示す断面図。
【符号の説明】
1、31、41:太陽熱集熱管
2:太陽熱集熱装置
3、33、43:外側ガラス管
4、34、44:内側ガラス管
34a、44a:蒸発部
34b、44b:凝縮部
21:筐体(流路)
22:パッキン
23:流入口
24:流出口
35、45:選択吸収膜
36:間隙
37:反射体
38:ウィック
48:放熱フィン
50:集熱装置
51:筐体
52:流入口
53:流出口
54:パッキン
S:温水システム
Q:集熱装置
61:熱交換器
62:膨張タンク
63:循環ポンプ
64:配管
64a:往き配管
64b:戻り配管
65:集熱回路
66:給湯回路
67:貯湯槽
68:給水配管
69:給湯配管
70:減圧弁
71:制御装置
72:空気抜き弁
S:温水装置(温水システム)
T1:高温センサ
T2:沸騰防止センサ
T3:低温センサ
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a solar heat collecting tube for collecting solar heat and a hot water apparatus for producing hot water using the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 1, a solar heat collecting apparatus 2 using a heat pipe type solar heat collecting tube 1 is known. As shown in FIG. 2, the heat pipe 1 used in the solar heat collecting apparatus 2 is a part of the inner glass tube 4 in which a liquid working medium is enclosed in an outer glass tube 3 whose inside is held under reduced pressure. And the working medium is vaporized (evaporation part) in the region inside the outer glass tube 3 (the portion of the inner glass tube 4 inserted into the outer glass tube 3), and the region outside the outer glass tube 3 (inner side) The working medium evaporated in the glass tube 4 outside the outer glass tube 3 is condensed and liquefied (condensing part) to collect solar heat and transmit the heat to the heat medium (for example, Patent Documents). 1).
[0003]
As shown in a partial cross-sectional plan view in FIG. 1, a plurality of solar heat collecting tubes 1 are arranged side by side, and a circulating medium (for example, an antifreeze such as water or propylene glycol) is used as a condensing part of the inner glass tube 4. The solar heat collecting apparatus 2 is configured by being housed in a casing (flow path) 21 configured to flow and exposing the evaporation portion of the outer glass tube 3 to the outside. Here, in the figure, 22 is a packing made of an elastic member such as various rubbers, 23 is an inlet, and 24 is an outlet. The heat collecting apparatus 2 configured as described above is installed on a roof or the like so that the outer glass tube 3 side is downward, and is used as a heat collector of a solar water heating system.
[0004]
[Patent Document 1]
JP-A-10-300242
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, when a solar hot water supply system is activated and pressure is applied to the circulation medium, the inner glass tube 4 of the solar heat collecting tube 1 is applied with a unidirectional force from the condensing part to the evaporation part, so that the packing is removed. The solar heat collecting tube 1 may fall off.
[0006]
In addition, since the heat transfer capacity of the heat pipe type heat collecting tube of the above form is proportional to the cross-sectional area of the inner glass tube 4, in order to increase the heat collecting area by increasing the length of the heat collecting tube, the heat collecting capacity depends on the length of the heat collecting tube. It is necessary to increase the pipe diameter. In other words, if the diameter of the heat collecting tube is determined, the allowable length of the heat collecting tube is naturally limited.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the solar heat collecting tube of the present invention is inserted into the first outer glass tube whose inside is held under reduced pressure, except for one side of the inner glass tube in which the liquid working medium is sealed. The other side excluding the intermediate portion of the inner glass tube is inserted into a second outer glass tube whose inside is held under reduced pressure, and the inner side is inserted into the first and second outer glass tubes. The working medium is vaporized in a region of the glass tube, and the working medium vaporized in an intermediate portion of the glass tube is liquefied.
[0008]
Further, a selective absorption film that selectively absorbs the wavelength of light is formed on a region excluding the intermediate portion of the inner glass tube. More specifically, a selective absorption film that selectively absorbs the wavelength of light is deposited on at least the light receiving surface of the portion of the inner glass tube inserted into the outer glass tube.
[0009]
Further, a wick is provided in the inner glass tube so as to continuously promote the reflux of the working fluid by capillary action from the region inserted into the outer glass tube to the region of the intermediate portion, and the wick is provided in the intermediate glass tube. The portion is provided on one of the upper and lower wall surfaces of the inner glass tube. More preferably, a wick that promotes the return of the working fluid by capillarity inside the inner glass tube continuously from a region inserted into the outer glass tube to a region outside the outer glass tube in the inner glass tube. And the wick is located only in the lower portion of the inner glass tube in the area outside the outer glass tube.
[0010]
Further, the present invention is characterized in that a heat radiating fin is attached to the outer periphery of the intermediate portion of the inner glass tube.
[0011]
Moreover, you may make it arrange | position reflectors, such as curved shape and flat form for improving the performance of an evaporation part on the lower surface side of an outer side glass tube. Moreover, you may roughen the inner surface of the insertion part of an inner side glass tube in uneven | corrugated shape. By comprising in this way, the performance of an evaporation part can be improved further. Moreover, you may roughen the exposed part surface of an inner side glass tube in uneven | corrugated shape, and can improve the condensation performance in a condensation part by this.
[0012]
Furthermore, the hot water apparatus of the present invention is arranged such that an intermediate portion of the inner glass tube in the solar heat collecting tube described above is disposed in a flow path through which liquid flows, and hot water is utilized using the liquid subjected to heat exchange in the flow path. It is characterized in that it is made.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
[0014]
First, the structure of the solar heat collecting tube 31 of the present invention shown in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (b) will be described.
[0015]
The solar heat collecting tube 31 has two outer glass tubes (first and second outer glass tubes) 33 whose interiors are kept under reduced pressure, except for an intermediate portion of the inner glass tube 34 in which a liquid working medium is sealed. The side and the other side are inserted, and the working medium is vaporized in the region of the inner glass tube 34, and the working medium vaporized in the middle portion of the inner glass tube 34 is liquefied.
[0016]
More specifically, the solar heat collecting tube 31 has two interiors that are kept under reduced pressure, preferably in a vacuum state (eg, about 10 −3 to 10 −4 Pa, but preferably higher vacuum). Both ends of the outer glass tube 33 are inserted except for an intermediate portion of the inner glass tube 34 in which a working medium in a gas-liquid equilibrium state such as water or chlorofluorocarbon is sealed, and a region in the outer glass tube 33 ( The working medium is vaporized by the insertion part (evaporation part) 34a in the outer glass tube 33 in the inner glass tube 34, and the region outside the outer glass tube 33 (middle part of the inner glass tube 34: the outer glass tube in the inner glass tube 34). The working medium vaporized in the exposed portion (condensing portion) 34b outside 33 is condensed and liquefied.
[0017]
Here, the outer glass tube 33 and the inner glass tube 34 are made of the same material, for example, borosilicate glass or soda glass. The inner glass tube 34 has an outer diameter smaller than the outer diameter of the outer glass tube 33, and the condensing part 34b is disposed in a flow path through which water or the like flows, for example, and performs heat exchange. Further, the inner glass tube 34 may be provided with a wick 38 for promoting the return of the working fluid from the condensing unit to the evaporating unit along the inner peripheral surface together with the working medium. In this case, the wick 38 is continuously arranged over the condenser 34b and the evaporators 34a on both sides in order to recirculate the working fluid from the condenser 34b to the evaporators 34a on both sides, and in the condenser 34b, FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, it is preferable to arrange the inner glass tube 34 in the lower part in the cross section. This is to prevent the working fluid from condensing and reducing the heat collection efficiency if it is arranged over the entire circumference in the cross section of the inner glass tube 34. That is, it condenses at the upper part of the inner glass tube 34, the condensed working fluid flows down to the lower part along the inner surface, is recirculated to the evaporation part 34a by the wick 38, and smoothly evaporates. Yes.
[0018]
Further, as shown in FIG. 4 which is an enlarged sectional view in the region A1 of the insertion portion 34a on the light receiving surface side of the inner glass tube 34 in FIG. A black selective absorption film 35 mainly composed of copper or the like is deposited by sputtering or the like, and the selective absorption film 35 selectively absorbs the wavelength of light to improve the heat collection efficiency. . In addition, the gap 36 between the inner glass tube 34 and the outer glass tube 33 is in a vacuum state, so that a heat insulating action can be suitably performed.
[0019]
In addition, as schematically shown in the front view of the solar heat collecting tube 31 in FIG. 5, a curved metal plate such as stainless steel or aluminum is used to improve the performance of the evaporation portion on the heat collecting lower surface side of the outer glass tube 33. A reflector 37 may be provided. The reflector 37 may have a flat plate shape, and may be of any structure that suitably reflects light.
[0020]
Moreover, even if the inner surface 34c of the inner glass tube 34 is roughened into an uneven shape as shown in FIG. 6 which is an enlarged cross-sectional view in the region A2 below the insertion portion 34a of the inner glass tube 34 in FIG. Well, by configuring in this way, the performance of the evaporator 34a and the condenser 34b can be further improved. In this roughening, for example, a large number of spheres such as glass spheres and metal spheres may be fused to the glass surface. Or you may make it arrange | position the cylindrical sheet body which consists of a net-like metal, an uneven | corrugated metal, etc. on the glass surface.
[0021]
Further, as shown in FIG. 7 which is an enlarged cross-sectional view at A3 of the exposed portion 34b of the inner glass tube 34 in FIG. 3B, the outer surface 34d of the inner glass tube 34 may be roughened in an uneven shape. Thereby, the condensation performance in the condensation part 34b can be improved. The roughening may be roughened by fusing many spheres such as glass spheres and metal spheres to the glass surface as shown in FIG. 8, and the surface area of the condensing part 34b is increased. Various techniques can be used.
[0022]
According to the solar heat collecting tube 31 configured as described above, when the sunlight transmitted through the outer glass tube 33 hits the evaporation portion 34 a of the inner glass tube 34, the inner glass tube 34 is heated and the inner glass tube 34 is heated. The internal working medium causes a phase change from a liquid to a gas, so that the gas retains latent heat. Then, the gas having latent heat moves to the condensing part 34b of the inner glass tube 34, releases the latent heat to the outside, and repeats the cycle of returning to the original state by changing the phase from gas to liquid in the condensing part 34b.
[0023]
At this time, since the working medium vaporized in the evaporating part 34a moves to the condensing part 34b inside the inner glass tube 34, the evaporating part 34a is long, and the amount of working medium evaporated in the evaporating part 34a increases as the amount of heat received increases. Thus, the resistance applied to the working medium when moving inside the inner glass tube 34 from the evaporator 34a to the condenser 34b is increased, and heat cannot be smoothly transferred from the evaporator 34a to the condenser 34b.
[0024]
Therefore, the allowable tube length is determined according to the tube diameter of the inner glass tube 34. However, in the case of the solar heat collecting tube 31 of the present invention, the evaporation unit 34a is configured at both ends of the condensing unit 34b. Compared to the solar heat collecting tube 1 in which the part 4b is configured only on one side, the tube length can be about twice as long even with the same tube diameter.
[0025]
Next, a modification of the solar heat collecting tube of the present invention will be described. As shown in a side view of another solar heat collecting tube 41 according to the present invention in FIG. 9, an evaporation portion 44a of an inner glass tube 44 in which a working medium is sealed in an outer glass tube 43 whose inside is a vacuum state is inserted. A selective absorption film 45 similar to that of the above-described embodiment is deposited on the surface of the evaporation portion 44a of the inner glass tube 44.
[0026]
Further, a large number of heat-radiating ring-shaped heat radiation fins 48 made of copper (Cu), aluminum alloy, stainless steel or the like are mounted on the outer periphery of the condensing portion 44b of the inner glass tube 44 exposed outside the outer glass tube 43. Has been. Thereby, the heat exchange efficiency in the condensing part 44b of the inner glass tube 44 can be further improved. Moreover, the aggregation part 44b can be shortened and the whole heat collecting tube 41 can also be reduced in size.
[0027]
In the solar heat collecting tube 41, as described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8, the inner and outer surfaces of the inner glass tube 44 are roughened to improve the evaporation performance and the condensation performance. Also good.
[0028]
Next, as shown in a partial cross-sectional plan view in FIG. 10, a plurality of the solar heat collecting tubes 31 are arranged side by side, and a condensing part 34b of the inner glass tube 34 is used as a circulating medium (for example, water or propylene glycol). The heat collecting device 50 may be configured such that the heat collecting device 50 is accommodated in a casing (flow path) 51 configured to flow an antifreeze liquid such as the like, and the evaporation portion 34a in the outer glass tube 33 is exposed to both sides of the casing 51. In the figure, 54 is a packing made of an elastic member such as various rubbers, 53 is an inlet, and 54 is an outlet.
[0029]
Here, since the pressure of the working fluid in the casing (flow path) 51 is uniformly applied only to the diameter direction of the inner glass tube 34 and no axial force is applied to the evaporation portion 34a, the packing 54 is detached, and solar heat is generated. The heat collecting tube 31 does not fall off. The heat collecting apparatus 50 configured as described above is installed on a roof or the like so that the inlet 53 side is downward, and is incorporated in a hot water apparatus for producing hot water described later.
[0030]
Next, the case where the heat collecting apparatus comprised as mentioned above is applied to a warm water apparatus (henceforth a warm water system) is demonstrated. As shown in FIG. 11, the hot water system S includes a heat collecting circuit 65 and a hot water supply circuit 66 which will be described later. That is, the heat collecting circuit 65 is a heat collecting device Q that efficiently collects sunlight and collects heat, a heat exchanger 61, an expansion tank 62, a circulation pump 63, and a pipe 64 (the circulation medium flows to the hot water tank 67 side). And a return pipe 64b) for circulating the circulating medium from the hot water storage tank 67 side to the heat collector Q side. Here, the heat collecting device Q is a device in which two heat collecting devices Q constituted by a large number of heat collecting tubes P are connected to enhance the heat collecting ability, and water or antifreeze is used as a circulating medium in the heat collecting circuit 65. is doing. Further, a high temperature sensor T1 for detecting the temperature of the circulating medium is provided in the flow path of the heat collecting apparatus Q.
[0031]
The hot water supply circuit 66 includes a hot water storage tank 67 connected to a heat exchanger 61 provided in the heat collecting circuit 65, a water supply pipe 68, a hot water supply pipe 69, and the like. Here, the hot water storage tank 67 is provided with a boiling prevention sensor T2 for detecting the temperature of hot water at the upper part and a low temperature sensor T3 for detecting the temperature of the water supply side at the lower part. In the figure, 70 is a pressure reducing valve provided in the water supply pipe 68, and 72 is an air vent valve provided at the top of the hot water tank 67.
[0032]
Further, the hot water system S is electrically connected to the high temperature sensor T1 provided in the heat collecting device Q, the boiling prevention sensor T2, the low temperature sensor T3 provided in the hot water storage tank 67, and the circulation pump 63, and has a built-in microcomputer. The control device 71 is provided, and the control device 71 mainly controls the operation of the circulation pump 63.
[0033]
In the hot water system S configured as described above, the difference Δt (° C.) between the temperature t1 measured by the high temperature sensor T1 and the temperature t3 measured by the low temperature sensor T3 by the control device 71 is, for example, 7 ° C. or more. In this case, the circulation pump 33 is driven so that the circulation medium is circulated in the heat collecting circuit 65 to perform heat exchange, and the water in the hot water storage tank 67 is heated to obtain hot water at an appropriate temperature. When the boiling prevention sensor T2 detects that the hot water temperature is 80 ° C. or higher, or when Δt ≦ 4 ° C., the circulation pump 63 is stopped to stop the operation of the heat collecting circuit 65.
[0034]
In addition, although the hot water apparatus of the present Example was demonstrated based on the simplest example, it is not limited to this, For example, instead of using the heat exchanger 61, hot water is derived | led-out directly in the hot water storage tank 67. The heat exchange system may be configured in combination with a heat pump device, or may be configured as a heat collecting unit of a natural circulation type water heater. Various known hot water devices A tube incorporating the heat collecting tube or the heat collecting device of the present invention can be used, and various implementations can be made by appropriate changes without departing from the gist of the present invention.
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the solar heat collecting tube and the hot water apparatus of the present invention, the evaporation portions (the first and second outer glass tubes are the inner glass tubes) on both sides of the condensing portion (the middle portion of the inner glass tube) of the solar heat collecting tubes. Therefore, when the condensing part is arranged in the circulating fluid, the axial force of the solar heat collecting tube is not received, so that the pressure of the circulating fluid can be increased. Thereby, a solar-heat collecting pipe can be used for the hot water apparatus called the direct pressure type which a tap pressure acts on a circulating fluid directly.
[0036]
Similarly, since the evaporation section is arranged on both sides of the condensing section of the solar heat collecting tube, it becomes the same when there are two short heat collecting tube lengths, and the working medium vapor is not increased without increasing the diameter of the heat collecting tube. The movement is performed smoothly, and in the case of the same pipe diameter, it is possible to obtain a heat collecting area of approximately two sheets. Thereby, since the heat collecting area can be approximately doubled and the condensing part that performs heat exchange can be made into one place, it is not necessary to increase the area occupied by the heat exchanging part, and the solar heat collecting tube and hot water using the same It becomes possible to make the apparatus more compact.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a conventional heat collecting apparatus.
2A and 2B are diagrams for explaining a conventional heat collecting tube, in which FIG. 2A is a side view and FIG. 2B is a schematic cross-sectional view.
3A and 3B are views for explaining a heat collecting tube according to the present invention, in which FIG. 3A is a side view and FIG. 3B is a schematic cross-sectional view.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region A1 in FIG.
FIG. 5 is a front view of a heat collecting tube according to the present invention.
6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region A2 in FIG.
FIG. 7 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a region A3 in FIG.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view for explaining another example of the region A3 in FIG.
FIG. 9 is a side view illustrating another heat collecting tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a partially broken plan view for explaining a heat collecting apparatus including a plurality of heat collecting tubes according to the present invention.
FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a hot water device according to the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a wick arrangement in the inner glass tube.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1, 31, 41: Solar heat collecting tube 2: Solar heat collecting device 3, 33, 43: Outer glass tube 4, 34, 44: Inner glass tube 34a, 44a: Evaporating part 34b, 44b: Condensing part 21: Housing ( Flow path)
22: Packing 23: Inlet 24: Outlet 35, 45: Selective absorption film 36: Gap 37: Reflector 38: Wick 48: Heat radiation fin 50: Heat collecting device 51: Housing 52: Inlet 53: Outlet 54 : Packing S: Hot water system Q: Heat collector 61: Heat exchanger 62: Expansion tank 63: Circulation pump 64: Pipe 64a: Outward pipe 64b: Return pipe 65: Heat collection circuit 66: Hot water supply circuit 67: Hot water tank 68: Water supply pipe 69: Hot water supply pipe 70: Pressure reducing valve 71: Control device 72: Air vent valve S: Hot water device (hot water system)
T1: High temperature sensor T2: Boiling prevention sensor T3: Low temperature sensor

Claims (5)

液体の作動媒体が封入され、中間部が筐体に収容されて成る内側ガラス管と、An inner glass tube in which a liquid working medium is enclosed and an intermediate portion is housed in a housing;
前記内側ガラス管の中間部を除く一方側が挿入され、内部を減圧下に保持された第1外側ガラス管と、A first outer glass tube in which one side excluding an intermediate portion of the inner glass tube is inserted and the inside is held under reduced pressure;
前記内側ガラス管の中間部を除く他方側が挿入され、内部を減圧下に保持された第2外側ガラス管とを備え、The other side except the middle part of the inner glass tube is inserted, and comprises a second outer glass tube held inside under reduced pressure,
前記第1及び第2外側ガラス管に挿入された前記内側ガラス管の領域で前記作動媒体を気化せしめ、前記ガラス管の中間部で前記筐体内を流れる循環媒体との熱交換によって前記気化した作動媒体を液化せしめることを特徴とする太陽熱集熱管。The working medium is vaporized in the region of the inner glass tube inserted into the first and second outer glass tubes, and the vaporized operation is performed by heat exchange with a circulating medium flowing in the housing at an intermediate portion of the glass tube. A solar heat collecting tube characterized in that the medium is liquefied.
前記内側ガラス管の中間部を除く領域に、光の波長を選択的に吸収する選択吸収膜が被着形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の太陽熱集熱管。  The solar heat collecting tube according to claim 1, wherein a selective absorption film that selectively absorbs a wavelength of light is formed on a region excluding an intermediate portion of the inner glass tube. 前記内側ガラス管の内部において、前記外側ガラス管に挿入された領域から前記中間部の領域にかけて連続して、前記作動流体の還流を毛細管現象により促進するウィックを設け、該ウィックが前記中間部においては前記内側ガラス管の上下いずれか一方の壁面に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の太陽熱集熱管。  Inside the inner glass tube, a wick that promotes the reflux of the working fluid by capillary action is provided continuously from the region inserted into the outer glass tube to the region of the intermediate portion, and the wick is provided in the intermediate portion. The solar heat collecting tube according to claim 1, wherein the solar heat collecting tube is provided on one of upper and lower wall surfaces of the inner glass tube. 前記内側ガラス管の中間部における外周に放熱フィンを取着したことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の太陽熱集熱管。  The solar heat collecting tube according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a radiating fin is attached to an outer periphery of an intermediate portion of the inner glass tube. 請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の太陽熱集熱管における内側ガラス管の中間部を前記循環媒体が流れる流路内に配設し、該流路内で熱交換を行わせた前記循環媒体を利用して温水を作製するようにしたことを特徴とする温水装置。Disposed intermediate portion of the inner glass tube on the circulation medium flows flow path in solar heat collection tube according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the circulation medium in which exchange heat within the flow path A hot water device characterized in that hot water is produced using it.
JP2002284638A 2002-09-30 2002-09-30 Solar heat collecting tube and water heater using the same Expired - Fee Related JP3830439B2 (en)

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JP5199454B2 (en) 2009-03-06 2013-05-15 国立大学法人 琉球大学 Sunlight (heat) absorption material, heat absorption / storage material using the same, and sunlight (heat) absorption / light control material
EP2745059A1 (en) * 2011-10-21 2014-06-25 Siemens Concentrated Solar Power Ltd. Solar receiver tube assembly with suited receiver tube per working temperature and use of the receiver tube assembly
CN117704638B (en) * 2024-01-16 2024-06-07 山东三土能源股份有限公司 Protection device for air source heat pump water heater

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