JP3818316B2 - Optical disk defect management method and optical disk apparatus - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a defect management method in a disk recording medium such as an optical disk. More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical disk capable of storing information related to defect judgment criteria for replacing defective sectors in each optical disk, and information stored therein. It relates to the usage method.

  Disc recording media used for computer data recording are required to have extremely high data reliability with a data error rate of 10 −12 or less at worst. In the disk manufacturing technology, a defect management method has been introduced in the past in response to the actual situation in which even a slight defect in a recording sector causing an error is unavoidable.

  In a disk recording medium, defect management is applied so that the reliability of data can be ensured even when a defect / scratch of the medium or deterioration during repeated rewriting occurs. An initial defect generated at the time of manufacturing the disc is found by a certification process performed at the time of initializing the disc, and a secondary defect generated after the start of use is found by verifying at the time of writing. The found defect is replaced by using a sector in a spare area other than the user area on the disk. In defect management, a combination of a user area and a spare area is called a group.

  As a group configuration for determining the arrangement of the user area and spare area on the disk, there is an example in which the data area is configured as a single group, but there are many optical disks in which the data area is divided into a plurality of groups. A defective sector found in each group is first replaced with a sector in the spare area of that group. In many cases, the recording capacity of the spare area is set to several percent of the recording capacity of user data. Examples of this include the 90 mm magneto-optical disk standard defined in ECMA-154 and ECMA-201, the DVD-RAM standard defined in ECMA-272, and the like.

  The presence or absence of a sector defect can be determined from an ID signal indicating a sector physical address, an error in a recorded data signal, or a servo error signal.

  When the ID of each sector is multiplexed, it is determined as a defective sector when an error occurs in the sector ID more than a predetermined amount. For example, in the DVD-RAM standard, the ID of each sector is quadruple, and each ID has an error detection function. Up to two ID errors can be tolerated, but a sector in which three or more ID errors have occurred is determined to be a defective sector because it has poor reliability.

  In addition, the presence or absence of an error in the recorded data signal is detected by an error correction code added to the data, and it is determined as a defect when the recording unit includes a predetermined number of errors or more. This recording unit may be a sector or a block composed of a plurality of sectors depending on the range of the error correction code.

  For example, in the DVD-RAM standard, data is recorded on a disk in units of sectors and is error correction encoded in units of 16 sectors called ECC blocks. The 32 KB (kilobyte) data constituting the ECC block is arranged in a matrix of 172 bytes × 192 bytes, and Reed-Solomon error correction codes (PI, PO) of 10 bytes and 16 bytes in the row direction and the column direction, respectively. In addition, a product code is formed. The PI is arranged so as to be completed within the sector, and the number of error bytes in the row direction of the reproduced data can be detected by the PI. The reliability of each row is determined from the number, and the presence / absence of a defect is determined for each sector or block. For example, when there are 4 or more lines in a sector or 6 or more lines in a block, each sector or block is determined to be defective.

  Further, with respect to the servo state, when the magnitude of a servo error signal such as a tracking error signal exceeds a prescribed level, it is determined that the sector is defective when it is difficult to ensure the stability of the servo required for data recording.

  Generally, two types of methods of slip replacement and linear replacement are used for replacement of defective sectors in defect management.

  Slip alternation applies to initial defects. If a defective sector is found during certification of the disk, that sector is not used and the next sector is used instead. In a disk drive device, in order to access a sector containing data on a disk, a logical address associated with the data is converted into a physical address indicating the position of the sector, and a process of accessing the sector having the physical address in the ID is performed. It passes. When the slip is changed, the physical address number corresponding to the logical address is shifted by one, that is, slips.

  Slip replacement takes place within each group. For example, when slip replacement of m sectors and n sectors occurs at two locations in the user area, the end of the user area of the group is shifted to the head of the spare area by (m + n) sectors. When slip replacement occurs, the correspondence between the physical address and the logical address is shifted by the number of replacement sectors in all sectors after the replaced sector. The initial defect that has been slipped is registered in an initial defect list (PDL: Primary Defect List). The list registers the physical address of the defective sector in each entry.

  Since the correspondence between the physical address and the logical address can be performed only when the disk is initialized, the slip replacement is applied only to the initial defect.

  Linear alternation applies to secondary defects. Instead of using defective sectors, spare sectors in the spare area are used. During use, a block replaced with a spare area may be replaced with another spare block. The replacement destination sector has the same logical address as the replacement source sector.

  Linear replacement is first performed within the same group. For example, if linear replacement of m blocks and n blocks occurs in two locations in the user area, m blocks and n blocks are used in order from the top of the unused part of the spare area. When the spare area of the same group is used up, it is possible to use the spare area of another group. The secondary defect that has been linearly replaced is registered in a secondary defect list (SDL). The list registers the physical address of the defective sector and its replacement sector in each entry.

  In the case of linear replacement, every time a sector having a defective logical address is accessed, the replacement sector in the spare area is accessed and returned, so that the average transfer rate when there is a secondary defect is greatly reduced.

  A set of defect lists PDL and SDL is multiplexed and arranged as a defect management area together with disk structure information in the control information areas on the inner and outer peripheral sides of the disk.

  Regarding the standard for determining the initial defect and the secondary defect, the following settings are common in the recording apparatus. The disk is in the best state when detecting and registering initial defects, and thereafter, as time changes and user use overlap, the number of defects increases due to dirt, scratches, and characteristic deterioration. Therefore, the initial defect is determined based on a relatively stricter standard than the secondary defect and is subjected to a replacement process so that the initial defect is not determined to be a secondary defect even if a little contamination or deterioration is added.

  In addition, secondary defects are judged based on a looser standard than initial defects, but allowance for error correction limits so that error correction is not impossible during subsequent playback even if slight contamination or deterioration occurs after recording. Judgment is based on the criteria you have In this way, the determination criteria for the initial defect and the secondary defect are changed and set.

  Conventional optical discs are mainly used for computer data recording, so they are focused on improving data reliability, and defect management mainly involving replacement processing by spare sectors is used for recording sector defects that cause errors. Has been introduced. In recent years, with the expansion of the capacity of optical discs, applications have been expanded for video recording such as DVDs.

  A data file (PC file) for computer data recording requires a highly reliable recording because even a slight error is not allowed. On the other hand, a data file (AV file) used for video recording or audio recording needs to record continuously input data in real time. However, it may be acceptable if the reproduced video or audio is perceptually permissible, and it may not be as reliable as a file for computer data recording, and instead the recording should not be interrupted. is important.

  In other words, when applying a defect management method, reliability is important for storage devices for computer data recording even if it takes some time, and continuous recording performance is important for storage devices used for video recording. Different performance is required. Therefore, when the same disk is used for both AV file recording and PC file recording, it is required to ensure data reliability and data recording performance / speed so as to satisfy the characteristics required for each data recording. Therefore, defect management is required to respond to this.

  The conventional optical disk defect management method has the following problems. That is, when the replacement process is performed on the secondary defect of the disk, the recorded part is reproduced for confirmation after recording, and if there is an error exceeding the specified value or an unreproducible defective part, the replacement sector in the spare area Since the part of the data is re-recorded and the confirmation process is also performed for the replacement recording in the spare area, it takes four times or more time compared to the case of simply recording the data. When recording an AV file in real time, the recording is likely to be interrupted when a defect occurs.

  For this reason, in the recording of AV files, the presence or absence of secondary defects on the disc is ignored, and the confirmation reproduction after recording is omitted, and continuous data recording is performed. In this case, the reproduced video or the like is disturbed at the secondary defect portion of the disc, but the damage is considered light compared to the recording interruption. Furthermore, if the initial defect is replaced when the disk is initialized, it is possible to avoid a large secondary defect. However, even if the confirmation reproduction is omitted, defects that occur in the ID signal and servo error signal during recording cannot be avoided, and the presence or absence of secondary defects is completely ignored. If it is beyond prediction, the disturbance of the playback video cannot be ignored.

  In this case, rather, in the use of a disk such as an AV file, it is considered unnecessary to check for defects according to the same strict standard as that for recording a PC file. This is because if a sector that seems to be usable by applying a stricter defect judgment criterion than necessary is used as a defect, the recording process is interrupted because it takes time to replace the defect. However, since the conventional disc defect management method does not assume a difference in use, a method for determining the defect optimally for each use is not considered, and the same defect determination standard is always applied.

  The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. In a disk recording medium such as an optical disk, a plurality of defect judgment criteria for replacing defective sectors that impair data reliability are provided and stored. An object of the present invention is to provide an optical disc that can be optimally switched and set in accordance with the use and properties of the optical disc. It is another object of the present invention to provide a defect management method that enables an apparatus to easily manage an optimum defect determination standard applied for each use after recording.

  In the defect management method for optical disks, when user data is recorded after initializing the disk, a defect judgment standard for determining whether there is a defect in the recording sector is selected from a plurality of standards prior to the start of recording or simultaneously with the start of recording. Was set.

  The optical disc defect management method has at least two types of defect determination criteria, the first defect determination criterion is stricter than the second defect determination criterion, and data with relatively loose restrictions on recording time is recorded. In some cases, the first defect criterion is applied, and when data with relatively severe restrictions on recording time is recorded, the second defect criterion is applied.

  In the optical disk defect management method, means for processing data to be recorded, such as a host computer, control information for selecting and setting a defect determination standard to be applied to recording of each recording unit from a plurality of defect determination standards Is sent to a means for recording data such as a disk device.

  In the defect management method of the optical disc, the defect judgment standard applied to the recording of each recording unit is recorded on the optical disc together with the recording unit as control information.

  In an optical disk apparatus, a means for recording on an optical disk, a means for determining a defective sector of the optical disk, and a means for performing a replacement process of a defective sector are set. And holding means, and means for detecting a defect according to the set defect criterion. Then, when user data is recorded after the disc is initialized, the defect determination reference is selected and set prior to the start of recording or simultaneously with the start of recording.

  The optical disc apparatus has means for recording on the optical disc, means for determining a defective sector of the optical disc, and means for performing replacement processing of the defective sector, and the means for determining the defective sector holds a reference for defect determination. A plurality of defect judgment standard holding means, a defect judgment standard selection means for selecting one from the plurality of defect judgment standards, and a means for detecting a defect according to the set defect judgment standard. Then, when user data is recorded after the disc is initialized, defect determination criteria are selected and set prior to the start of recording or simultaneously with the start of recording.

  The optical disc apparatus has at least two defect determination reference holding means, and the reference held by the first defect determination reference holding means is stricter than the reference held by the second defect determination reference holding means. When recording data with relatively loose restrictions on the time required for recording, the standard held by the first defect judgment reference holding means is selected, and data with relatively severe restrictions on the time required for recording is recorded. When doing so, the reference held by the second defect judgment reference holding means is selected.

  In the defect judgment reference selection means of the optical disc apparatus, the defect judgment reference is selected by a control signal input from the outside of the apparatus.

  In the means for recording on the optical disk of the optical disk apparatus, information relating to the reference selected by the defect judgment reference selecting means is recorded on the optical disk together with the recording unit as control information when recording in each recording unit.

  In an optical disc that performs replacement processing of defective sectors, an area is provided for recording, as control information, information related to defect determination criteria applied in recording of each recording unit from among a plurality of defect determination criteria.

  In an optical disc that performs replacement processing of defective sectors, an area is provided for recording, as control information, information related to a defect judgment criterion to be applied to the disc from among a plurality of defect judgment criteria.

  In the defect management method of the present invention, the defect judgment criteria for determining the presence / absence of a defect in a recording sector can be optimally switched and set according to the nature and use of stored data. Thus, it is possible to apply the defect replacement process.

  In the defect management method of the present invention using this, for example, two kinds of defect judgment criteria are prepared, and those suitable for PC files that require high data reliability and continuous data recording are required. It is possible to perform optimum defect management for each application by switching and setting the same disk as that suitable for the AV file.

  As a result, when the same disk is used for both AV files and PC files, it is possible to ensure data reliability and data recording performance / speed so as to satisfy both characteristics required for data recording.

  Further, in the defect management method of the present invention, the defect judgment standard applied to the recording of each recording unit can be dynamically set finely according to the recording contents from a control device such as a host computer for each recording. become. Even if data having different properties and uses, such as those for AV files and PC files, are mixed on one disk, they can be managed without any problems.

  Furthermore, in the defect management method of the present invention, since the defect judgment standard applied by the control information recorded together with each recording unit on the optical disk is known, the efficiency when performing maintenance of the data recorded on the disk is improved.

  In the optical disk apparatus of the present invention, the defect judgment criteria for determining the presence / absence of a defect in the recording sector can be optimally set according to the nature and use of the stored data. Processing can be applied.

  In the optical disc apparatus of the present invention, the defect judgment criterion for judging the presence / absence of a defect in the recording sector can be optimally switched among the settings prepared in advance according to the nature and use of the stored data. It is possible to easily apply an effective form of defect replacement processing.

  By utilizing this, in the optical disc apparatus of the present invention, for example, two types of defect judgment criteria are prepared, which are suitable for PC files that require high data reliability, and AV that requires continuous data recording. It is possible to perform optimum defect management for each application by switching and setting the same disk with the one suitable for the file.

  As a result, when the same disk is used for both AV files and PC files, it is possible to ensure data reliability and data recording performance / speed so as to satisfy both characteristics required for data recording.

  In the optical disc apparatus of the present invention, the defect determination criteria applied to the recording of each recording unit can be set dynamically and finely according to the recording contents from a control device such as a host computer at each recording. Become. Even if data having different properties and uses, such as those for AV files and PC files, are mixed on one disk, they can be managed without any problems.

  Further, in the optical disc apparatus of the present invention, since the defect judgment standard applied by the control information recorded together with each recording unit on the optical disc is known, the efficiency when performing maintenance of the data recorded on the disc is improved.

  In the optical disc of the present invention, the defect judgment criteria applied in recording of each recording unit is stored as control information for each recording unit on the disc, so that efficiency when performing maintenance of data recorded on the disc by the drive Will improve. This information can be detected by any drive, ensuring compatibility.

  Further, in the optical disc of the present invention, since the defect judgment standard applied to the disc is stored as control information on the disc, the efficiency when maintenance of the data recorded on the disc by the drive is improved. This information can be detected by any drive, ensuring compatibility.

  In the defect management method according to the present invention, when using an optical disc, the determination criteria for defective sectors that require replacement processing are appropriately selected and set according to the application so that necessary and sufficient defect detection is performed for each application. I have to.

  In the defect management method of the present invention, a relatively strict criterion is provided for recording computer data to ensure reliability, and a relatively lenient criterion for recording video that is desired to be recorded as continuously as possible. give. As a result, the optical disc can be properly used depending on the application requiring high reliability and the application requiring continuous operation.

  Also, in the defect management method according to the present invention, the determination criteria for the defective sector to be applied are set for the apparatus from the host side that can determine the nature of the recording data in accordance with the application.

  In the defect management method according to the present invention, the applied defect sector criteria are recorded as control information in each sector, and the defect criteria applied for each use are read from any device after recording and used for control. To be able to.

  In the optical disc apparatus according to the present invention, when the optical disc is used, a criterion for determining a defective sector that needs to be replaced is appropriately set according to the application, and necessary and sufficient defect detection is performed for each application. .

  In the optical disk apparatus according to the present invention, when using an optical disk, the defect sector determination criteria that require replacement processing are appropriately selected and set from a plurality of options according to the application, and necessary and sufficient defect detection is performed for each application. Like to do.

  In the optical disc apparatus according to the present invention, a relatively strict criterion is provided for recording computer data to ensure reliability, and a relatively lenient criterion is used for recording video that is to be recorded continuously as much as possible. give. As a result, the recording mode can be properly used depending on the application requiring high reliability and the application requiring continuous operation.

  In the optical disk apparatus according to the present invention, the criterion for determining the defective sector to be applied is set for the apparatus from the host side that can determine the nature of the recording data according to its use.

  Also, in the optical disc apparatus according to the present invention, the applied defect sector judgment criteria are recorded as control information for each recording unit, and the defect judgment criteria applied for each application are read from any device after recording and used for control. To be able to.

  In the optical disk according to the present invention, information on the defect judgment standard applied at the time of recording is recorded as control information on the optical disk together with the data of each recording unit, so that it can be read from any device after recording and used for control. I have to.

  In the optical disk according to the present invention, information relating to defect determination criteria applied to subsequent recording at the time of initialization is recorded on the optical disk as control information, so that it can be read from any device and used for control. .

  Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an optical disc apparatus to which the defect management system of the present invention is applied. The rotation of an optical disk for recording and reproducing data is controlled by a disk rotating means. The position of the light spot condensed by the optical head is controlled so as to follow the recording track on the disk by the optical head servo means.

  The signal recorded on the optical disc is read from the disc reflected light by the optical head and sent to the address reproducing means and the signal reproducing means. The address reproducing means reproduces the address of the sector currently being accessed from the header ID signal. The detected address value is sent to the drive control means. The signal reproducing means demodulates the signal from the optical head output signal according to the recording format. The data reproduction means corrects the error of the reproduced signal, reads the information, and outputs it to the host as reproduction data of a desired logical block.

  At this time, the data reproducing means knows that the desired data is recorded by the control signal received from the drive control means. At the same time, the drive control means issues a disk rotation speed command to the disk rotation means, and further determines the position on the optical disk where the information to be reproduced exists and moves the optical head to the sector address position. A command is sent to the means, and a command for controlling the operation of the servo system is sent to the optical head servo means. The optical head access means and the optical head servo means control the position of the optical head according to the command.

  In the defect management control information detection means, the control information necessary for performing defect management is read from the reproduction data, the defect management method applied to the disk, the arrangement method of the spare area and the user area, the use situation of the replacement sector -Obtain information on defect management such as defect sector criteria. The result is sent to the drive control means and used for controlling the apparatus related to defect management at the time of data recording / reproducing.

  All sectors on the disk are assigned consecutive sector addresses from the inner or outer periphery of the disk, but the addresses of the user data recording sectors are not consecutive. This is because the physical address is assigned not only to a sector for recording user data but also to a sector in a spare area for replacement of a defect and a sector in a guard area at a zone boundary in a zone format disk. When accessing from the host via the interface, the logical block number of the file system is used, so the drive needs to convert the logical block number and the sector address. This processing is performed by the drive control means after obtaining information on defect management.

  When data recording is performed, the recording data sent from the host is first input to the data recording means. The data recording means performs error correction coding on the recording data according to the format, and outputs it as a recording signal while controlling the timing according to the sector address on the disc detected by the control signal received from the drive control means. The signal recording means records and modulates the recording signal according to the recording format and sends it to the optical head. The optical head drives a laser to record a signal on the disk. At this time, the optical head is controlled by the drive control means so that the light spot is condensed at the position of the sector address to be recorded via the optical head access means and the optical head servo means.

  The drive control means first holds the defect management control information detected through the defect management control information detection means at the time of disk loading. The logical block number of data to be accessed is instructed by an interface control signal from a host (not shown). Specifically, a recording command designating a logical block number to be recorded by the host is sent to the drive together with the recording data. Alternatively, a reproduction command designating a logical block number to be reproduced is sent to the drive.

  The logical block number of the data to be recorded / reproduced is converted into a sector address on the disk by using the defect management information in the drive control means, and the command of the sector address to be accessed is given as the optical head access means, data recording means / data Send to playback means. The address of the sector currently being accessed is reproduced by the address reproducing means and input to the drive control means. Drive control operations such as control of the optical head access means and control of the data recording means / data reproduction means are performed from the detected current address and target address.

  The defective sector to be replaced is determined by the defect determining means. The defect determining means receives information necessary for determining the defect of the sector from the optical head servo means, address reproducing means, and data reproducing means, determines the presence / absence of a defect according to the defect determination criteria set by the drive control means, and obtains the result. Output to drive control means. The drive control means performs necessary processing when the accessed sector is determined to be a defective sector. If recording is in progress, recording is interrupted and the data in that block is re-recorded in the replacement sector. If confirmation playback after recording is in progress, the data in the recorded block is re-recorded in the replacement sector or is being played back. If so, the reproduction of the sector is retried. Such processing is programmed in advance in the drive control means.

  FIG. 2 shows the configuration of the defect determination means. A servo error signal such as a tracking error signal or a focus error signal is received from the optical head servo means. A header error signal indicating the number of ID reproduction errors of each sector is received from the address reproducing means. A data error signal indicating the number of reproduction errors included in the reproduction data is received from the data reproduction means.

  In this embodiment, there are two types of defect determination standard holding means A and B inside the defect determination means, and different determination standards can be given. The two types of defect determination criteria are input to the defect determination criterion selection means, and one of the criteria is selected and output by the defect determination criterion setting signal. There are three types of outputs: the reference signal for determining the servo defect is the servo defect detecting means, the reference signal for determining the header defect is the header defect detecting means, and the reference signal for determining the data defect is the data defect detecting means , Respectively. Each type of defect determination means is compared with a servo error signal, a header error signal, and a data error signal, and the presence or absence of a servo defect, a header defect, or a data defect is detected. The defect detection means outputs a defect detection signal when at least one type of defect is detected.

  FIG. 3 illustrates servo defect detection. On the disc, a substantially straight recording track (circular or spiral on the disc) having a substantially uniform track width Wt is used for data recording. A track is composed of continuous guide grooves. Let us consider a case where the track shape is deformed as shown by X and Y in the figure. This deformation is caused by fine abnormalities due to dust, malfunction of the manufacturing apparatus, molding unevenness of the substrate material, etc., when the master disc is manufactured or the substrate is formed. The light spot is tracking-controlled so as to scan the center of the track indicated by the one-dot chain line in the figure, and at this time, a signal waveform shown as a tracking error signal is obtained. The tracking error signal is 0 when the light spot passes through the center of the track and swings positively or negatively depending on the direction and the amount of error as it deviates from the center of the track.

  At point X, the tracking error signal fluctuates due to the deformation of the track width. Even at the Y point, the tracking error signal fluctuates due to the meandering of the track. Here, when a tracking error tolerance limit indicated by a broken line in the figure is given as a criterion for determining a servo defect, the Y point is detected as a servo defect. Further, when a more severe tracking error tolerance limit indicated by a two-dot chain line in the figure is given, the X point and the Y point are detected as servo defects.

  For example, in the defect determination criterion-A, when the level of the two-dot chain line in the figure is applied as the determination criterion of the servo defect, and in the defect determination criterion-B, the level of the broken line in the drawing is applied as the determination criterion of the servo defect, two levels Servo defect determination is performed. Here, the reference-A is set so that the tracking error is 1/8 or more of the track width, and the reference-B is set so that the tracking error is 1/4 or more of the track width. The recording track does not have to be a continuous groove. For example, a user data recording area is formed by lands or grooves as in a DVD-RAM, and the groove is continuous even in a disk in which no pregroove is arranged in the header portion. Servo defect detection may be performed only in the area that is being processed.

  The focus error signal can also determine the servo defect similar to the tracking error signal.

  FIG. 4 shows the sector shape of the groove track of the DVD-RAM. This figure explains the detection of header defects. The recording sector of the DVD-RAM has a header area indicating a sector address or the like at the head, followed by a data area for recording user data. As shown in ID1 to ID4, the header area has four IDs including address information, and the sector address is quadrupled. In the sector shown in (a), ID1 and ID2 are displaced by the half track width on the outer periphery side of the disk, and ID3 and ID4 are displaced by the half track width on the inner periphery side of the disk. Shared with the sector of the adjacent track on the inner periphery.

  Although the land track sectors are not shown, ID1 and ID2 are displaced by the half track width on the inner circumference side of the disk, and ID3 and ID4 are displaced by the half track width on the outer circumference side of the disk. Each of the sectors is shared with the sector of the adjacent track on the inner and outer peripheries, but the reproduction signal waveforms of the header and data are the same as those shown in (b) in any sector.

  The data area after the header is a groove or a land, and is recorded sequentially from the front in the order of the synchronization signal, control information, user data and error correction code, and buffer. The control information includes a small amount of information other than user data such as the data number of the sector. Note that there is 2 KB (kilobytes) of user data for one sector, and user data 32 KB (including control information) for 16 consecutive sectors are collectively error-corrected and appended with an error-correcting code. Error correction codes are distributed and arranged in each sector. This unit is called an ECC block.

  The sector address can be detected if at least one of the four IDs in the header can be read. Therefore, as a criterion for determining a header defect, it is possible to determine a header defect using an ID defective sector that cannot read all four sector IDs. When there are two or more ID defective sectors judged by this criterion in the ECC block, a criterion is given so that the ECC block has a header defect. This is assumed to be, for example, defect criterion-B.

  In addition, even if only one ID can be read at the time of recording, there is a situation in which all four cannot be read later due to subsequent contamination and deterioration of the disc, or a change in conditions that can be considered when reproducing with another drive. Therefore, if it is necessary to perform header detection with higher reliability, a sector that cannot read three or more of four sector IDs can be determined as an ID defective sector as a criterion for determining a header defect. When there are one or more ID defective sectors in the ECC block, a reference is given so that the ECC block has a header defect. This is assumed to be, for example, defect determination standard -A. In this way, a two-level header defect determination can be made.

  FIG. 5 shows a block configuration of an error correction code (ECC) of a DVD-RAM, and detection of data defects will be described using this diagram. In the error correction coding circuit, data 32 KB for 16 sectors are arranged in a matrix of 172 bytes in the row direction and 192 bytes in the column direction. First, an error correction code PO (16 bytes) in the column direction is added to each column. Next, an error correction code PI (10 bytes) in the row direction is added to each row. Thus, a product code of 182 bytes × 208 bytes is constructed.

  At the time of reproduction, the error correction decoding circuit reconstructs the reproduction signal into a matrix of 182 bytes × 208 bytes, and first detects and corrects errors in each row with an error correction code PI (10 bytes) in the row direction. An error of up to 5 bytes can be corrected by the ability of the error correction code, and an error of up to 10 bytes can be detected. Next, an error in each column is detected and corrected with an error correction code PO (16 bytes) in the column direction. An error of up to 8 bytes can be corrected and an error of up to 16 bytes can be detected by the ability of the error correction code. Although it is possible to double the correction capability by repeatedly performing error detection and error correction by PI / PO, extra circuitry and time are required for processing.

  If there are too many errors, there is a risk of error correction that corrects the error data to a value different from the original data. Therefore, there is a limit to the correction capability to perform reliable correction. Here, it is considered that an ECC block including an error exceeding a limit that can be reliably corrected is determined as a data defect.

  For example, as a criterion for determining a data defect, when a line in which an error of 4 bytes or more close to the correctable limit is detected in the line by PI is defined as a defective line, 8 or more defective lines are detected in the ECC block All the 16 sectors constituting the block are determined to be defective. This is assumed to be, for example, defect determination standard -A. Also, as a looser standard, a line in which an error of 8 bytes or more close to the correctable limit at the time of repeated correction is detected in that line by PI is regarded as a defective line, and 8 or more defective lines are detected in the ECC block. In this case, all 16 sectors constituting the block are determined to be defective. This is assumed to be, for example, defect criterion-B. In this way, a two-level data defect can be determined.

  In the figure, a state where a 4-byte error indicated by an X is generated in the line of line number 3 is illustrated. This row becomes a defective row in the defect determination criterion-A, but does not become a defective row in the defect determination criterion-B.

  As described above, the presence / absence of a sector defect can be detected in accordance with a defect determination standard given to each defect detection means for each of a servo defect, a header defect, and a data defect. FIG. 6 summarizes defect determination criteria-A and defect determination criteria-B set as examples for each of the above defects. If each defect judgment standard-A is held as one set in the defect judgment standard holding means-A, and each defect judgment standard-B is held as one set in the defect judgment standard holding means-B, A and B These two levels of defect determination criteria can be switched and set by a defect determination criterion setting signal via the defect determination criterion selection means shown in FIG.

  When recording a PC file, high reliability is required so that data once recorded is not lost or changed later, and therefore, confirmation playback is often performed during recording. For this reason, normal recording is confirmed according to strict defect criteria during recording and during confirmation playback.

  On the other hand, recording of an AV file requires continuous recording at a high transfer rate, so that confirmation playback during recording is often omitted and data defects are often ignored. Also, even if there is a part that seems to be somewhat defective during recording, if the recording can be recovered later, the performance and operability as a recorder are improved by ignoring and continuing the recording. For this reason, it is better to set the criteria for determining the servo defect and the header defect at the time of recording within a range where the recorded data can be restored.

  When the two types of defect judgment criteria-A and B described in the present embodiment can be selected and set, the stricter defect judgment criteria-A is applied for PC file recording, and the loose defect judgment criteria-B is used. Applicable for AV file recording.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
Depending on the type of data to be recorded, the required degree of reliability is two or more types, for example, three types are required, such as PC file recording, important AV file recording, and general AV file recording. In some cases. In this case, as shown in FIG. 7, three kinds of defect determination criteria -A, C, and B can be selected and set. The defect determination criteria-A and B are the same as the defect determination criteria-A and B shown in FIG. 6, respectively, and are used for PC file recording and general AV file recording.

  Since the defect judgment standard-C is used for recording an important AV file, it is set to an intermediate severity between the defect judgment standards-A and B. In the defect determination criterion-C, when the tracking error is 1/6 or more of the track width, the servo defect determination criterion is used, and when all four sector IDs are unreadable, the ID defective sector in the ECC block is One sector or more is used as a criterion for determining a header defect, and when a row having an error of 4 bytes or more in one row is a PI defective row, eight or more PI defective rows in the ECC block are used as a criterion for determining a data defect.

  In order to operate such three kinds of defect determination standards, defect determination standard holding means-C is added to the defect determination means in addition to the configuration shown in FIG. The defect determination criterion selection means selects and sets one of the defect determination criteria -A, B, and C.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
FIG. 8 shows another configuration of the defect determination means. In FIG. 2, the defect judgment reference holding means and the defect judgment reference selection means are placed, and the portion selected and set by the defect judgment reference setting signal is replaced with the defect judgment reference setting holding means in FIG. 8, and set by the defect judgment reference setting signal. I tried to do it. The configuration of this part is different from that in FIG. A defect judgment criterion to be designated is transmitted from the host to the drive control means of the recording apparatus via the interface. The drive control means sets the defect judgment standard in the defect judgment means by the defect judgment standard setting signal.

  In the configuration of the defect determination means described in the first and second embodiments, the defect determination reference held in the defect determination reference holding means is fixed to a predetermined type. However, in actual applications, the host that controls the recording device should be set flexibly to obtain the optimum reliability and transfer speed according to the nature, type, characteristics, importance, etc. of the data to be recorded. Sometimes you want to be able to. For example, this is a case where error data necessary in application software or a file system, that is, error correction coding is applied, and then recording data is sent to the recording apparatus at a predetermined transfer rate. In this case, defect management on the recording apparatus side is not so important, and real-time performance, continuity, and data transfer rate of recording are more important. In the present embodiment, it is possible to meet such a request.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
A specific example of the defect determination standard setting procedure will be described with reference to FIG. First, a defect determination criterion to be applied is determined by the type or content of recording data at the host. Then, a defect judgment standard setting command is sent from the host to the drive. When the drive receives a defect judgment standard setting command, it selects and sets the standard according to the specification. Here, in the system for setting the defect judgment standard shown in FIG. 2, the setting command sent from the host to the drive simply indicates the selection of whether the standard is A or B, while the defect judgment standard shown in FIG. In a system for setting, a system configuration in which defect determination criteria can be arbitrarily set from the host, and the setting command represents the setting contents. The details of the setting command are specified independently from a plurality of determination criteria for each of servo defects, header defects, and data defects, such as the defect determination reference control information shown in FIG. Possible structures are conceivable.

  Next, a recording command is sent from the host together with the recording data. The drive that receives the command records data in the designated sector. Here, defect management is executed according to the defect criterion set above, and the result is reported to the host. The host confirms that the recording has been completed normally and ends the series of recordings. When recording ends abnormally, predetermined abnormality processing such as rewriting or notifying the user is executed.

  In the present invention, when recording each data from the host that knows the data contents to the drive by a command at the time of recording, the defect judgment criteria to be applied can be set in detail according to the type or contents of the data. Depending on the situation, it is possible to realize a flexible response to obtain the optimum reliability and transfer speed.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
FIG. 10 shows another example of the procedure for setting the defect determination criteria. In this embodiment, the setting of defect determination criteria and data recording are transmitted together with one command. First, a defect determination standard to be applied is determined by the type or content of the recording data at the host. Next, recording data is prepared. This order may be reversed.

  Then, a recording command that also sets the defect judgment standard is sent from the host to the drive. In the drive, the standard is selected and set according to the specification of the defect judgment standard. The designation of the setting sent from the host to the drive may simply indicate whether the reference is A or B depending on the system configuration as described above, or may be arbitrarily settable.

  The drive records the recording data sent together with the command on the disk while executing defect management according to the defect criterion set above, and reports the result to the host. According to the present embodiment, as in each of the above-described embodiments, optimum reliability and transfer speed according to the use of the disk can be obtained. Further, since the number of command transfers during recording is small, overhead is small and transfer rate is low. The risk of decline is reduced.

Embodiment 6 FIG.
Described below is a method of recording defect determination reference control information designated when data is recorded on a disk together with data for each recording unit. FIG. 11 shows the configuration of defect determination reference control information. It has a structure in which 4 types of determination criteria can be specified independently for each of servo defects, header defects, and data defects using one byte.

  The b7 bit gives a defect judgment standard designation mode. If “1”, the mode defined in this control information byte is applied, and if “0”, the control information byte is ignored and the determination criterion possessed by the apparatus is applied.

  The application range of the defect criterion is given by b6 bits. If it is “1”, the mode defined there is applied to each recording unit having this control information byte, and if it is “0”, a uniform criterion is applied to the entire disk.

  The b5 and b4 bits provide a standard to be applied among the four servo defect judgment standards. “11” is a servo defect when the tracking error is ¼ or more of the track width, “10” is a servo defect when the tracking error is ６ or more of the track width, and “01” is a tracking error of ８ or more of the track width. If it is “00”, a tracking error is 1/10 or more of the track width and a servo defect.

  The b3 and b2 bits give a standard to be applied from among four types of header defect judgment standards. If "11", all four sector IDs are unreadable as an ID bad sector, and the defective sector in the ECC block has two or more bad sector headers. If "10", three or more sector IDs are unreadable. ID defective sector in ECC block when ID defective sector is considered to be header defective with ID defective sector in ECC block having 2 or more sectors when ID defective sector is set to “01”. Is a header defect with 1 sector or more, and if it is “00”, when 3 or more sector IDs cannot be read as an ID defective sector, an ID defective sector in the ECC block has 1 sector or more as a header defect.

  The b1 and b0 bits give a standard to be applied from four data defect judgment standards. If “11”, if a line with an error of 8 bytes or more in one line is a PI defective line, there is a data defect with 16 or more PI defective lines in the ECC block, and if “10”, an error of 8 bytes or more in one line When a certain line is defined as a PI defective line, there are 8 or more PI defective lines in the ECC block and a data defect. If "01", a line having an error of 4 bytes or more per line is defined as an ECC defective line. Data defect with 8 or more PI defective lines in the block, and if it is "00", a line with an error of 4 bytes or more in 1 line is a PI defective line and there are 6 or more PI defective lines in the ECC block. Defective.

  The defect determination reference control information shown here can be arranged for each sector as a minimum unit. In the DVD-RAM, a 1-byte area may be secured and arranged in the control information at the head of the data area shown in FIG. It can be set separately for each sector, or multiplexed so that the same defect criterion control information is put in all sectors or a predetermined sector in the ECC block, and the application unit is matched with the error correction unit. May be.

  If the setting can be made finely, the convenience for the user increases in the use of multimedia applications in which AV files and PC files are mixed. It should be noted that the defect judgment criteria applied to the recording of each data can be switched and applied on the system side according to the data contents, and the optimum reliability and transfer speed can be obtained. Flexible response can be realized.

Embodiment 7 FIG.
Prior to the start of use of a disk, it is possible to select in advance a defect judgment standard to be applied when recording the disk and record it on the disk as defect judgment standard control information. FIG. 12 shows an example of arrangement of the control information area, data recording area, user area, and spare area on the disc, and arrangement of defect determination reference control information in the control information area. The data recording area includes all of the user area and the spare area, and the control information area is multiplexed on the disc closer to the inner and outer circumferences than the data recording area.

  Conventionally, there is an example in which a defect management method is held in the control information area, but in the present invention, defect determination reference control information is registered in the control information area. The drive reads this information when starting the disk and knows the defect criteria for that disk. If a defect determination criterion suitable for a use such as a PC file / AV file is registered in the disc, defect determination according to the criterion can be applied.

  If one bit is prepared in the control information area as defect determination reference control information, two types of defect determination reference can be switched and registered. When considering switching and registering three types of defect judgment criteria, a 2-bit control information area is prepared. Alternatively, if a 1-byte control information area is prepared, as shown in FIG. 11, it is possible to register so as to express a combination of predetermined defect determination criteria for each defect type.

  In such a case, once set at the time of initialization of the disc, the defect determination criteria set for all data recorded on the disc will be applied thereafter. It can be omitted and quick and easy recording is possible.

1 is a block configuration diagram of an optical disc apparatus shown in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. It is a block block diagram of the defect determination means shown in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is operation | movement explanatory drawing of the servo defect detection means shown in Embodiment 1 of this invention. This is the recording sector configuration shown in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a structure of the error correction block shown in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a setting example of the defect determination standard shown in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a setting example of the defect criterion shown in Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a block block diagram of the defect determination means shown in Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is the procedure of the setting and recording of the defect criterion shown in Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is the procedure of the setting and recording of the defect criterion shown in Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is a structure of the defect determination reference | standard control information shown in Embodiment 6 of this invention. It is arrangement | positioning of the defect determination reference | standard control information shown in Embodiment 7 of this invention.

Claims (16)

Each sector has a header area, and the header area has a plurality of sector IDs including the address information of the sectors. An optical disc defect management method for performing defective sector replacement processing,
When recording user data after initializing the optical disc, a plurality of defect determination criteria are provided in accordance with control information for selecting and setting defect determination criteria for determining the presence or absence of the defective sector. Select and set the defect criteria to be used,
The defect determination criteria can set different criteria for each sector in the ECC block,
An optical disc defect management method comprising: recording the reference set in each sector and information indicating whether or not to apply the reference in a control information area provided in the sector. As the different criteria,
Defect criteria used when recording data with relatively loose constraints on recording time and defect criteria used when recording data with relatively strict constraints on recording time The optical disk defect management method according to claim 1. The defect management method according to claim 1 or 2, there is provided an optical disk in which alternating process of the defective sector is performed,
An optical disc characterized in that each sector has a control information area for recording information corresponding to the reference and information indicating whether or not the reference is applied .
A playback method for playing back the user data recorded on the optical disc according to claim 3 ,
A reproduction method comprising: reproducing user data recorded on the optical disc based on the reference recorded in the control information area and information indicating whether or not to apply the reference . Each sector has a header area at the head, and the header area has a plurality of sector IDs including address information of the sectors. A recording apparatus for recording user data by performing replacement processing of defective sectors,
When recording user data after initializing the disc, a plurality of defect determination criteria are set according to control information for selecting and setting defect determination criteria for determining the presence / absence of a defect in the sector. A means for selecting and setting a defect judgment standard to be used is provided.
The defect determination criteria can set different criteria for each sector in the ECC block,
A recording apparatus for recording the reference set in each sector and information indicating whether or not to apply the reference in a control information area provided in the sector. Each sector has a header area at the head, and the header area has a plurality of sector IDs including address information of the sectors, and the sector ID is an optical disk provided by being displaced by a half track width every predetermined number. When recording user data after initialization, a plurality of defect determination criteria are used for the determination based on control information for selecting and setting defect determination criteria for determining the presence / absence of a defect in the sector. A defect determination criterion is selected and set, and the defect determination criterion can set a different criterion for each sector in the ECC block, and whether or not to apply the criterion set for each sector and the criterion information indicating whether, by a defect management method for an optical disc to be recorded in the control information area provided in the sector, the replacement process of the sector is performed, versus the set the reference A reproducing apparatus in which information indicating whether to apply the information and the criteria to reproduce the user data of the optical disk recorded in the control information area,
A playback device comprising means for playing back user data of the optical disc based on the reference recorded in the control information area and information indicating whether to apply the reference . Each sector has a header area at the head, and the header area has a plurality of sector IDs including address information of the sectors. An optical disc defect management method for performing defective sector replacement processing,
One criterion applied to the replacement process for the optical disc is selected and set from a plurality of criteria,
The standard can be set to a different standard among a plurality of standards for each sector in the ECC block, and
A defect management method for an optical disc, wherein the one reference set for each sector and information indicating whether or not to apply the reference are recorded in a control information area provided in the sector. An optical disk on which defective sector replacement processing is performed by the defect management method according to claim 7 ,
An optical disc characterized in that each sector has a control information area for recording information corresponding to the reference and information indicating whether or not the reference is applied . A playback method for playing back the user data recorded on the optical disc according to claim 8 ,
A reproduction method for reproducing user data of the optical disc based on the reference recorded in the control information area and information indicating whether or not to apply the reference . Each sector has a header area at the head, and the header area has a plurality of sector IDs including address information of the sectors, and the sector ID is provided by being displaced by a half track width every predetermined number. A recording device that performs replacement processing of defective sectors,
Means for selecting and setting one standard to be applied to the replacement process corresponding to the optical disc from a plurality of standards;
The standard can set different standards among a plurality of standards for each sector,
The recording apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the unit records the one reference set for each sector and information indicating whether to apply the reference in a control information area provided in the sector. Each sector has a header area at the head, and the header area has a plurality of sector IDs including address information of the sectors. An optical disc defect management method for performing defective sector replacement processing, wherein one criterion applied to the replacement processing for the optical disc is selected and set from a plurality of criteria, and the criterion is set for each sector. The control information area provided in the sector can be set with different one of a plurality of criteria, and the information indicating whether or not to apply the one criterion set for each sector. recorded in the replacement process of the sector by the defect management method of an optical disc is performed, information is the control information indicating whether to apply the information and the reference corresponding to the reference A reproducing apparatus for reproducing user data recorded on the optical disk in the region,
A playback device comprising means for playing back the user data based on the one standard recorded in the control information area and information indicating whether or not to apply the standard . 8. The optical disc defect management method according to claim 7 , wherein the control information area is provided after the header area and before the user data recording area in the sector. 9. The optical disc according to claim 8 , wherein the control information area is provided after the header area and before the area for recording user data in the sector. 10. The reproducing method according to claim 9 , wherein the control information area is provided after the header area and before the area for recording user data in the sector. 11. The recording apparatus according to claim 10 , wherein the control information area is provided after the header area and before the area for recording user data in the sector. 12. The reproducing apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein the control information area is provided after the header area and before the area for recording user data in the sector.

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