JP3817720B2 - Heavy metal fixative - Google Patents

Heavy metal fixative Download PDF

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JP3817720B2
JP3817720B2 JP30878996A JP30878996A JP3817720B2 JP 3817720 B2 JP3817720 B2 JP 3817720B2 JP 30878996 A JP30878996 A JP 30878996A JP 30878996 A JP30878996 A JP 30878996A JP 3817720 B2 JP3817720 B2 JP 3817720B2
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heavy metal
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aqueous solution
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JPH10140132A (en
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英昭 権平
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Nippon Soda Co Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は工場排水や都市ゴミ、産業廃棄物を焼却処分したときに排出される灰分の中に含まれる有害な重金属を無害化処理するときに使用される有機キレート剤に関するものである。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
工場排水や都市ゴミ、産業廃棄物を焼却処分したときに排出される灰分の中に含まれる有害な重金属を無害化処理、即ち固定化するときに使用される有機キレート剤としてはジチオカルボキシル基を官能基として含むジチオカルバミン酸が主として使用されている。
ジチオカルバミン酸は水溶液中ではそれ自身が弱酸性の化合物であり、強アルカリの存在下にジチオカルバミン酸イオンを生成して重金属イオンと不溶性の塩を形成する。
しかしながらジチオカルバミン酸はpHに依存し、強酸性側では安定に存在することが出来ない。
またジチオカルバミン酸は単離することは難しく、アルカリやアルカリ土類等の金属塩やアルキルアンモニウム塩のような形にするか、またはエステルの形で取り出すことができる。
このようにジチオカルバミン酸は種々の特異的な性質をもつが、コストと製造のし易さ、そして固定化能の面から考えて有害重金属の固定化には最適の化合物である。
現在、焼却場から発生する飛灰中に含まれている有害重金属を固定化するのに特にジエチルアミンやジブチルアミン等の低分子アミンを用いたジチオカルバミン酸やジエチレントリアミンやテトラエチレンペンタミン等の多価アミンを用いたジチオカルバミン酸、そしてポリエチレンイミンを用いたポリジチオカルバミン酸などの塩の水溶液が主に用いられている。
【0003】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
重金属の溶出量を規制値以下にするためにはより重金属固定能の優れたキレート剤が待たれている。特に、飛灰中の有害重金属を固定化するには飛灰に適量の水(混練水)が必要であり、通常、この混練水にジチオカルバミン酸塩を溶解、希釈して飛灰に添加、混練して餅状にすることによって有害重金属を固定化する方法が行われている。このためジチオカルバミン酸塩は水溶性であることが必要であるが、水への溶解性が悪い場合、溶解するのに多量の水を必要とし、場合によってはこの水の量が混練し、餅状にするのに必要な水の量を上回る場合がある。この場合、混練水が多過ぎることになり、飛灰を餅状に固化することが出来ない。このため水への溶解度が出来るだけ大きいジチオカルバミン酸塩が望まれている。
【0004】
【課題を解決するための手段】
本発明は1,3−プロパンジアミノ基をユニットとしてもつポリアミン化合物と二硫化炭素と反応させることによって得られるポリジチオカルバミン酸およびその塩であり、特に一般式(I)
【0005】
【化2】

Figure 0003817720
【0006】
(R1 、R2 は水素原子またはC1 〜C6 アルキル、nは0〜1000)
で表されるポリアミンと二硫化炭素と反応させることによって得られるポリジチオカルバミン酸およびその塩である。また、このポリジチオカルバミン酸塩を用いた重金属固定剤である。
【0007】
1,3−プロパンジアミノ基をユニットとしてもつポリアミン化合物とは、
【0008】
【化3】
Figure 0003817720
【0009】
を持つ化合物であり、この場合、分子内でプロピレン鎖を介して隣接するアミノ基は1級のアミノ基でも2級のアミノ基でもよい。
【0010】
具体的には1,3−プロパンジアミン、N−メチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N,N′−ジメチル−1,3−プロパンジアミン、1、3−ペンタンジアミン、N−(2−アミノエチル)−1,3−プロパンジアミン、N,N′−ビス(3−アミノプロピル)エチレンジアミン、イミノビスプロピルアミン、N,N′−ビス(3−アミノプロピル)−1,3−プロパンジアミン、ポリプロピレンイミン等が挙げられる。
【0011】
また、上記1,3−プロパンジアミノ基をユニットとして含有する化合物には高分子化合物であってもよく、ユニットが主鎖や側鎖にあってもよい。ポリアミンの分子量としては74から100000である。
【0012】
本化合物の水溶液の製法は一般的なジチオカルバミン酸塩と同様な製法でよく、反応するポリアミノ化合物と金属水酸化物を水に溶解させ、40℃以下で二硫化炭素を滴下する。反応の終点は、水溶液中で分散している二硫化炭素の粒が消失した時点を目安としてNMRで確認すればよい。反応終了後は、過剰に仕込んだ二硫化炭素および溶存する酸素を追い出すため窒素ガスによるバブリングを行い、遮光性のある褐色の容器に密閉保存することが望ましい。分子内に1級アミノ基が少なくとも1つ含まれるポリアミンを用いる場合には副生成物の生成を抑制するために、pHを10〜14の間にコントロールして反応させることが望ましい。
【0013】
塩としては、アルカリやアルカリ土類等の金属塩やアルキルアンモニウム塩であり、特にナトリウム、カリウム、リチウムが好ましい。
【0014】
【実施例】
本発明を以下の実施例により具体的に説明する。但し、本発明は実施例によって何ら制限を受けるものではない。
【0015】
実施例1
500mlの4つ口フラスコの中に撹拌子を入れ、純度98%のイミノビスプロピルアミン(IBPA)を26.7g(0.20mol)とH2 O 20.8gを入れた。この時のpHは13.1であった。pHメーター、温度計、純度98%のCS2 を55.8g(CS2 :0.72mol)および封入水10gを入れた100mlの等圧滴下ロートと25wt%のNaOH水溶液を96g(NaOH:0.60mol)を入れた100mlの等圧滴下ロートを取り付けて、スターラー撹拌をしながら30℃の温浴中で反応を行った。IBPAとH2 Oは水和反応により発熱するので温浴中で液温が25℃以下になってからCS2 の滴下を開始した。約20分後にpHが10になったのでNaOH水溶液の添加を開始してpHが10〜14の範囲に調整されるようにした。反応を開始してから約5時間後にCS2 の分散による濁りがほぼ消失した。この時点で残りのNaOH水溶液を全量滴下し、10分間撹拌した後に反応を終了した。N2 バブリングをして過剰のCS2 、溶存酸素を追い出して黄橙色の溶液を得た。この溶液のpHは13.8であった。
【0016】
1H−NMRで確認すると2.05ppm、3.56ppmおよび4.11ppmにメチレン基のプロトンが確認された。それ以外のシグナルは確認されなかった。
13C−NMRで確認すると28.2ppm、47.8ppmおよび53.9ppmにメチレン基、211.2ppm、212.5ppmにジチオカルボキシル基のカーボンが確認された。それ以外のシグナルは確認されなかった。これより反応は完全に生成系に移行しており、なおかつ副反応が起こっていないことを確認した。
上記の反応によって得られたトリス(ジチオカルボキシ)イミノビスプロピルアミンのNa塩水溶液の濃度はt−ブチルアルコールを内部指示薬としてそのプロトン比から42.0wt%と算出された。
【0017】
比較例1
500mlの4つ口フラスコの中に撹拌子を入れ、純度98.5%のジエチレントリアミン(DETA)を20.9g(0.20mol)とH2 O 26.6gを入れた。この時のpHは13.3であった。pHメーター、温度計、純度98%のCS2 を55.8g(CS2 :0.72mol)および封入水10gを入れた100mlの等圧滴下ロートと25wt%のNaOH水溶液を96g(NaOH:0.60mol)を入れた100mlの等圧滴下ロートを取り付けて、スターラー撹拌をしながら30℃の温浴中で反応を行った。DTEAとH2 Oは水和反応により発熱するので温浴中で液温が25℃以下になってからCS2 の滴下を開始した。約20分後にpHが10になったのでNaOH水溶液の添加を開始してpHが10〜14の範囲に調整されるようにした。反応を開始してから約5時間後にCS2 の分散による濁りがほぼ消失した。この時点で残りのNaOH水溶液を全量滴下し、10分間撹拌した後に反応を終了した。N2 バブリングをして過剰のCS2 、溶存酸素を追い出して黄橙色の溶液を得た。この溶液のpHは13.6であった。
【0018】
1H−NMRで確認すると3.9ppm、4.3ppmにメチレン基のプロトンが確認された。それ以外のシグナルは確認されなかった。
13C−NMRで確認すると48ppmおよび55ppmにメチレン基、212ppm、213ppmにジチオカルボキシル基のカーボンが確認された。それ以外のシグナルは確認されなかった。これより反応は完全に生成系に移行しており、なおかつ副反応が起こっていないことを確認した。
上記の反応によって得られたトリス(ジチオカルボキシ)ジエチレントリアミンのNa塩水溶液の濃度はt−ブチルアルコールを内部指示薬としてそのプロトン比から40.5wt%と算出された。
【0019】
試験例1(ブランク)
実施例1のキレート溶液の有害重金属の不溶化固定能を調べるために先ずブランクテストを実施した。
ホバートミキサーに焼却場の飛灰100g、H2 Oを47gを入れた。これを混練して餅状にしたものを7日間養生させて溶出テストの試料とした。溶出テストは環境庁告示13号に準じて実施した。有害な重金属の一つであるPbの溶出量は9.4mg/1であった。
【0020】
試験例2
ホバートミキサーに焼却場の飛灰100g、H2 Oを47gそして実施例1で調製したキレート溶液を飛灰に対して1〜5%になるように添加した。これを混練して餅状にしたものを7日間養生させて溶出テストの試料とした。溶出テストは環境庁告示13号に準じて実施した。
有害な重金属の一つであるPbについての不溶化固定能を調べた結果、Pbの規制値である0.3mg/l以下に抑制するためのキレート溶液の必要量は1.7%であり、これはジチオカルバミン酸のモル数で1.7×10-3モル、ジチオカルボキシル基のモル数で5.1×10-3モルであった。
【0021】
試験例3(比較)
ホバートミキサーに焼却場の飛灰100g、H2 Oを47gそして比較例1で調製したキレート溶液を飛灰に対して1〜5%になるように添加した。これを混練して餅状にしたものを7日間養生させて溶出テストの試料とした。溶出テストは環境庁告示13号に準じて実施した。
有害な重金属の一つであるPbについての不溶化固定能を調べた結果、Pbの規制値である0.3mg/l以下に抑制するためのキレート溶液の必要量は2.7%であり、これはジチオカルバミン酸のモル数で2.7×10-3モル、ジチオカルボキシル基のモル数で8.1×10-3モルであった。
【0022】
【発明の効果】
本発明の新規なジチオカルバミン酸塩を用いることにより、水への溶解性が高く、重金属固定能が高い重金属固定剤を得ることができる。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an organic chelating agent used for detoxifying harmful heavy metals contained in ash discharged when industrial wastewater, municipal waste, and industrial waste are incinerated.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Dithiocarboxyl group is used as an organic chelating agent for detoxifying, that is, immobilizing harmful heavy metals contained in ash discharged when industrial wastewater, municipal waste, and industrial waste are incinerated. Dithiocarbamic acid containing as a functional group is mainly used.
Dithiocarbamic acid itself is a weakly acidic compound in an aqueous solution, and forms dithiocarbamate ions in the presence of strong alkali to form insoluble salts with heavy metal ions.
However, dithiocarbamic acid depends on pH and cannot exist stably on the strongly acidic side.
Further, it is difficult to isolate dithiocarbamic acid, and it can be taken out in the form of a metal salt such as an alkali or alkaline earth, an alkylammonium salt, or in the form of an ester.
Thus, although dithiocarbamic acid has various specific properties, it is an optimal compound for immobilizing toxic heavy metals from the viewpoint of cost, ease of production, and immobilization ability.
Currently polyvalent amines such as dithiocarbamic acid, diethylenetriamine and tetraethylenepentamine using low molecular weight amines such as diethylamine and dibutylamine to immobilize harmful heavy metals contained in fly ash generated from incinerators An aqueous solution of a salt such as dithiocarbamic acid using, and polydithiocarbamic acid using polyethyleneimine is mainly used.
[0003]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In order to make the elution amount of heavy metal below the regulation value, a chelating agent with more excellent heavy metal fixing ability is awaited. In particular, in order to immobilize harmful heavy metals in fly ash, an appropriate amount of water (kneading water) is required for the fly ash. Usually, dithiocarbamate is dissolved and diluted in this kneading water and added to the fly ash. Then, a method of immobilizing harmful heavy metals by making it into a bowl shape is performed. For this reason, dithiocarbamate needs to be water-soluble, but if the solubility in water is poor, a large amount of water is required to dissolve. It may exceed the amount of water required to make it. In this case, the amount of kneaded water is too much, and the fly ash cannot be solidified in a bowl shape. For this reason, a dithiocarbamate having as high a solubility as possible in water is desired.
[0004]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The present invention relates to a polydithiocarbamic acid obtained by reacting a polyamine compound having a 1,3-propanediamino group as a unit with carbon disulfide, and a salt thereof, particularly a compound represented by the general formula (I)
[0005]
[Chemical 2]
Figure 0003817720
[0006]
(R 1 and R 2 are hydrogen atoms or C 1 to C 6 alkyl, n is 0 to 1000)
Is a polydithiocarbamic acid obtained by reacting carbon disulfide with a polyamine represented by the formula: Moreover, it is a heavy metal fixing agent using this polydithiocarbamate.
[0007]
What is a polyamine compound having a 1,3-propanediamino group as a unit?
[0008]
[Chemical 3]
Figure 0003817720
[0009]
In this case, the amino group adjacent in the molecule via the propylene chain may be a primary amino group or a secondary amino group.
[0010]
Specifically, 1,3-propanediamine, N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine, N, N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,3-pentanediamine, N- (2-aminoethyl) ) -1,3-propanediamine, N, N′-bis (3-aminopropyl) ethylenediamine, iminobispropylamine, N, N′-bis (3-aminopropyl) -1,3-propanediamine, polypropyleneimine Etc.
[0011]
The compound containing the 1,3-propanediamino group as a unit may be a polymer compound, and the unit may be in the main chain or side chain. The molecular weight of the polyamine is 74 to 100,000.
[0012]
An aqueous solution of this compound may be prepared in the same manner as a general dithiocarbamate, in which a reacting polyamino compound and a metal hydroxide are dissolved in water, and carbon disulfide is dropped at 40 ° C. or lower. The end point of the reaction may be confirmed by NMR using the point in time when the carbon disulfide particles dispersed in the aqueous solution disappear. After completion of the reaction, it is desirable to perform bubbling with nitrogen gas in order to drive off the excessively charged carbon disulfide and dissolved oxygen, and store it in a light-shielding brown container. In the case of using a polyamine having at least one primary amino group in the molecule, it is desirable to carry out the reaction while controlling the pH between 10 and 14 in order to suppress the formation of by-products.
[0013]
Examples of the salt include metal salts such as alkalis and alkaline earths and alkylammonium salts, and sodium, potassium, and lithium are particularly preferable.
[0014]
【Example】
The present invention will be specifically described by the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited by the examples.
[0015]
Example 1
A stirrer was placed in a 500 ml four-necked flask, and 26.7 g (0.20 mol) of iminobispropylamine (IBPA) having a purity of 98% and 20.8 g of H 2 O were added. The pH at this time was 13.1. A pH meter, a thermometer, 55.8 g of CS 2 having a purity of 98% (CS 2 : 0.72 mol) and a 100 ml isobaric dropping funnel containing 10 g of sealed water and 96 g of 25 wt% NaOH aqueous solution (NaOH: 0.002%). A 100 ml isobaric dropping funnel containing 60 mol) was attached, and the reaction was carried out in a warm bath at 30 ° C. while stirring with a stirrer. Since IBPA and H 2 O generate heat due to a hydration reaction, the dropwise addition of CS 2 was started after the liquid temperature reached 25 ° C. or lower in a warm bath. Since the pH reached 10 after about 20 minutes, the addition of NaOH aqueous solution was started so that the pH was adjusted to the range of 10-14. About 5 hours after the start of the reaction, the turbidity due to the dispersion of CS 2 almost disappeared. At this point, the entire amount of the remaining NaOH aqueous solution was dropped, and the reaction was terminated after stirring for 10 minutes. N 2 bubbling was performed to expel excess CS 2 and dissolved oxygen to obtain a yellow-orange solution. The pH of this solution was 13.8.
[0016]
When confirmed by 1 H-NMR, methylene group protons were confirmed at 2.05 ppm, 3.56 ppm and 4.11 ppm. No other signals were confirmed.
When confirmed by 13 C-NMR, methylene groups were observed at 28.2 ppm, 47.8 ppm and 53.9 ppm, and carbons of dithiocarboxyl groups were confirmed at 211.2 ppm and 212.5 ppm. No other signals were confirmed. From this, it was confirmed that the reaction was completely transferred to the production system and that no side reaction occurred.
The concentration of tris (dithiocarboxy) iminobispropylamine Na salt aqueous solution obtained by the above reaction was calculated to be 42.0 wt% from the proton ratio using t-butyl alcohol as an internal indicator.
[0017]
Comparative Example 1
A stir bar was placed in a 500 ml four-necked flask, and 20.9 g (0.20 mol) of diethylenetriamine (DETA) having a purity of 98.5% and 26.6 g of H 2 O were added. The pH at this time was 13.3. A pH meter, a thermometer, 55.8 g of CS 2 having a purity of 98% (CS 2 : 0.72 mol) and a 100 ml isobaric dropping funnel containing 10 g of sealed water and 96 g of 25 wt% NaOH aqueous solution (NaOH: 0.002%). A 100 ml isobaric dropping funnel containing 60 mol) was attached, and the reaction was carried out in a warm bath at 30 ° C. while stirring with a stirrer. Since DTEA and H 2 O generate heat due to a hydration reaction, the dropwise addition of CS 2 was started after the liquid temperature became 25 ° C. or lower in a warm bath. Since the pH reached 10 after about 20 minutes, the addition of NaOH aqueous solution was started so that the pH was adjusted to the range of 10-14. About 5 hours after the start of the reaction, the turbidity due to the dispersion of CS 2 almost disappeared. At this point, the entire amount of the remaining NaOH aqueous solution was dropped, and the reaction was terminated after stirring for 10 minutes. N 2 bubbling was performed to expel excess CS 2 and dissolved oxygen to obtain a yellow-orange solution. The pH of this solution was 13.6.
[0018]
When confirmed by 1 H-NMR, methylene group protons were confirmed at 3.9 ppm and 4.3 ppm. No other signals were confirmed.
When confirmed by 13 C-NMR, methylene groups were observed at 48 ppm and 55 ppm, and carbons of dithiocarboxyl groups were confirmed at 212 ppm and 213 ppm. No other signals were confirmed. From this, it was confirmed that the reaction was completely transferred to the production system and that no side reaction occurred.
The concentration of the Na salt aqueous solution of tris (dithiocarboxy) diethylenetriamine obtained by the above reaction was calculated to be 40.5 wt% from the proton ratio using t-butyl alcohol as an internal indicator.
[0019]
Test example 1 (blank)
In order to examine the ability of the chelating solution of Example 1 to insolubilize and fix harmful heavy metals, a blank test was first performed.
The Hobart mixer was charged with 100 g of fly ash from the incineration site and 47 g of H 2 O. The kneaded mixture was cured for 7 days and used as a sample for an elution test. The dissolution test was conducted according to Environmental Agency Notification No.13. The amount of elution of Pb, which is one of harmful heavy metals, was 9.4 mg / 1.
[0020]
Test example 2
To the Hobart mixer, 100 g of fly ash from the incineration site, 47 g of H 2 O, and the chelate solution prepared in Example 1 were added so as to be 1 to 5% based on the fly ash. The kneaded mixture was cured for 7 days and used as a sample for an elution test. The dissolution test was conducted according to Environmental Agency Notification No.13.
As a result of investigating the insolubilization and fixing ability of Pb, which is one of the harmful heavy metals, the required amount of chelate solution to suppress the Pb regulation value to 0.3 mg / l or less is 1.7%. Of dithiocarbamic acid was 1.7 × 10 −3 mol and dithiocarboxyl group was 5.1 × 10 −3 mol.
[0021]
Test Example 3 (Comparison)
To the Hobart mixer, 100 g of fly ash from the incineration site, 47 g of H 2 O, and the chelate solution prepared in Comparative Example 1 were added so as to be 1 to 5% based on the fly ash. The kneaded mixture was cured for 7 days and used as a sample for an elution test. The dissolution test was conducted according to Environmental Agency Notification No.13.
As a result of investigating the insolubilization and fixing ability of Pb, which is one of the harmful heavy metals, the required amount of chelate solution to suppress the Pb regulation value to 0.3 mg / l or less is 2.7%. Of dithiocarbamic acid was 2.7 × 10 −3 mol and dithiocarboxyl group was 8.1 × 10 −3 mol.
[0022]
【The invention's effect】
By using the novel dithiocarbamate of the present invention, a heavy metal fixing agent having high water solubility and high heavy metal fixing ability can be obtained.

Claims (1)

一般式(I)
Figure 0003817720
(R 1 、R 2 は水素原子またはC 1 〜C 6 アルキル、nは0〜1000)で表されるポリアミン化合物と二硫化炭素と反応させることによって得られるポリジチオカルバミン酸のナトリウム、カリウム又はリチウム塩を用いることを特徴とする重金属固定剤。
Formula (I)
Figure 0003817720
(R 1, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 -C 6 alkyl, n represents 0 to 1000) of sodium poly dithiocarbamic acid obtained by reacting a polyamine compound with carbon disulfide represented by the potassium or lithium salt A heavy metal fixing agent characterized by using.
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JP2005089565A (en) * 2003-09-16 2005-04-07 Miyoshi Oil & Fat Co Ltd Heavy metal-immobilizing treatment agent and method for immobilizing heavy metal in solid substance
TWI545080B (en) * 2015-02-16 2016-08-11 達興材料股份有限公司 A heavy metal scavenger and a method of removing heavy metals from an aqueous solution
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