JP3811455B2 - Wireless base station arrangement method - Google Patents
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- JP3811455B2 JP3811455B2 JP2003025803A JP2003025803A JP3811455B2 JP 3811455 B2 JP3811455 B2 JP 3811455B2 JP 2003025803 A JP2003025803 A JP 2003025803A JP 2003025803 A JP2003025803 A JP 2003025803A JP 3811455 B2 JP3811455 B2 JP 3811455B2
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Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、サービスエリア内に複数の無線基地局を配置して無線端末局と通信を行う無線通信システムにおいて、複数の無線基地局の各無線セルでサービスエリアを隙間なく覆うための無線基地局の位置を決める無線基地局配置方法に関する。
【０００２】
【従来の技術】
移動通信の電波伝搬は地形・建物等の影響を受けるために、無線基地局から電波が届いて通信可能な領域（無線セル）は一般に複雑な形状になる。ここで、無線基地局と見通しがある地点は無線基地局との通信が可能であり、障害物（例えば建物）に遮られて無線基地局と見通しがない地点は無線基地局との通信ができないものとする。
【０００３】
このとき、図８に示すように、起伏のない平面大地の上に高さｈ１の無線基地局を設置し、同じ平面大地の上に高さｈ２の障害物が無線基地局から距離ｄ１，ｄ２の位置にあるとすると（ｄ１＜ｄ２）、同じ高さの障害物であっても無線基地局から離れるに従って無線基地局と見通しのない領域は広がる。このため、無線基地局からの距離に応じて見通しのある領域が徐々に減少し、かつ無線セルの端（セル端）にいくに従って見通しのある領域は放射状に広がる。この様子を図９に示す。
【０００４】
また、高い障害物の数が多いほど見通しは遮られやすくなり、無線基地局から距離が遠くになるに従って無線基地局と見通しがある領域は減少する。すなわち、図１０に示すように、低層の障害物がある低層エリアよりも中高層の障害物がある中高層エリアの方が、障害物による見通しのない領域が相対的に大きくなる。ここで、小さい円は見通し率αの境界を示し、大きい円は見通し率β（β＜α）の境界を示す。低層エリアよりも中高層エリアの方が、見通し率α，βの領域は狭くなり、かつセル端にいくに従って見通しのある領域は急激に減少する。
【０００５】
以上の特性を有する無線セルであるが、サービスエリア内に複数の無線基地局が配置される場合には、無線端末局は少なくとも１つの無線基地局との間に見通しがあればよいので、等価的に見通し率が改善する。複数の無線セルが互いに重複して配置された場合の見通し率を、少なくとも１つの無線基地局を見通せる確率とすると、ｋ個の無線セルが重複した場合の見通し率は統計的なモデルを用い、ｋ個の無線セルが重複した場合の見通し率＝［１−（無線基地局１から見通しがない確率）・（無線基地局２から見通しがない確率）・・・（無線基地局ｋから見通しがない確率）］で与えられる。
【０００６】
従来の無線基地局配置方法では、上式から無線セル半径と無線基地局間相互の間隔を検討し、任意の地点の見通し率が少なくとも所定値以上になるように、無線基地局間相互の距離を算出し、無線基地局を設置している。
【０００７】
【非特許文献１】
奥村善久、進士昌明監修、「移動通信の基礎」初版、コロナ社、昭和61年10月１日発行、pp.188-201
【０００８】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従来の無線基地局配置方法では、統計的なモデルを設定して見通し率を計算している。この場合、実際に無線基地局を設置する地域の状況を考慮に入れることができず、無線基地局の設置場所の最適化が困難になっていた。
【０００９】
本発明は、実際に無線基地局を設置する地域の状況に応じて、多くの無線端末局と通信可能な無線基地局の設置場所を事前に推測し、サービスエリア内で無線基地局と通信可能な無線端末局数を増加させることが無線基地局配置方法を提供することを目的とする。
【００１２】
【課題を解決するための手段】
請求項１に記載の発明は、サービスエリア内に複数の無線基地局を配置して無線端末局と通信を行う無線通信システムの無線基地局配置方法において、各無線基地局が形成する無線セル内の無線基地局を中心とした円周方向の２地点で、周囲に存在する全ての無線基地局に対する見通しの有無を地形データおよび高さデータに基づいて計算により求め、その２地点がともに見通しがあればその２地点間も見通しありと推定し、その２地点がともに見通しがなければその２地点間も見通しなしと推定し、少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しのある地点が最大になる無線基地局の位置を算出する。
【００１３】
ここで、２地点の一方に見通しがあり、他方に見通しがない場合には、２地点の間隔を狭めて再度２地点の見通しの有無を計算する（請求項２）。
【００１４】
【発明の実施の形態】
図１は、本発明の無線基地局配置方法の基本原理を示す。ここでは、２つの無線基地局が形成する各無線セルを重ね合わせた地域において、一方の無線基地局を移動させたときに、少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点が増える様子を示す。
【００１５】
図１(1) は、２つの無線基地局が形成する各無線セルを重ね合わせた地域において、各無線基地局（ＡＰ）から見通しのある地域が重複しており、少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点の割合が低い状態を示す。図１(2) は、一方の無線基地局の位置を少し移動することにより、各無線基地局から見通しのある地域の重複を少なくし、少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点の割合が増加する状態を示す。このように、無線基地局の設置場所に応じて、少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点の割合が異なる。
【００１６】
図２は、本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第１の実施形態を示す。
まず、各無線基地局（ＡＰ）の初期位置を決める（Ｓ11）。次に、固定の無線基地局と移動する無線基地局を決める（Ｓ12）。次に、移動する無線基地局の設置位置候補をｎ個決める（Ｓ13）。次に、移動する無線基地局の第１の設置位置において、図３に示すように各無線基地局が形成する無線セル内の各地点で、少なくとも１つの無線基地局との見通しがあるか否かを計算する（Ｓ14）。なお、この計算では、無線基地局を配置する地域の地形データおよび高さデータを入力した計算機を用いて行われる。
【００１７】
次に、移動する無線基地局を第２の設置位置にずらし、同様に各無線基地局の無線セル内の各地点で少なくとも１つの無線基地局との見通しがあるか否かを計算する（Ｓ15，Ｓ16，Ｓ14）。この計算を無線基地局を移動させながらｎ回繰り返し、最後に少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点の割合が最大になる無線基地局の位置を選択する（Ｓ17）。
【００１８】
図４は、本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第２の実施形態を示す。
まず、各無線基地局（ＡＰ）の初期位置を決める（Ｓ21）。次に、固定の無線基地局と移動する無線基地局を決める（Ｓ22）。次に、移動する無線基地局の設置位置候補をｎ個決める（Ｓ23）。次に、移動する無線基地局の第１の設置位置において、図５に示すように各無線基地局が形成する無線セルの２つの外周線で囲まれた領域の各地点で、少なくとも１つの無線基地局との見通しがあるか否かを計算する（Ｓ24）。
【００１９】
次に、移動する無線基地局を第２の設置位置にずらし、同様に各無線基地局が形成する無線セルの２つの外周線で囲まれた領域の各地点で、各地点で少なくとも１つの無線基地局との見通しがあるか否かを計算する（Ｓ25，Ｓ26，Ｓ24）。この計算を無線基地局を移動させながらｎ回繰り返し、最後に少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点の割合が最大になる無線基地局の位置を選択する（Ｓ27）。本実施形態では、見通しの有無を計算する領域を無線セルの外周部に限定することにより、計算時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００２０】
図６は、本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第３の実施形態を示す。
まず、各無線基地局（ＡＰ）の初期位置を決める（Ｓ31）。次に、固定の無線基地局と移動する無線基地局を決める（Ｓ32）。次に、移動する無線基地局の設置位置候補をｎ個決める（Ｓ33）。次に、移動する無線基地局の第１の設置位置において、各無線基地局が形成する無線セル内の２地点で、少なくとも１つの無線基地局との見通しがあるか否かを計算する（Ｓ34）。この計算方法を図６(2) に示す。
【００２１】
図６(2) および図７に示すように、無線基地局を中心として円周１および円周２に向かって線を引き、円周１および円周２上にある２つの地点を決め（Ｓ41）、２地点における見通しの有無を計算する（Ｓ42) 。この２つの地点でともに見通しがあると計算されれば、その間にある他の地点も見通しがあると推定する（Ｓ43）。また、この２つの地点でともに見通しがないと計算されれば、その間にある他の地点も見通しがないと推定する（Ｓ44）。また、この２つの地点の一方に見通しがあると計算されれば、その２つの地点の間隔を狭めて再計算を行う（Ｓ45）。
【００２２】
次に、移動する無線基地局を第２の設置位置にずらし、同様に各無線基地局が形成する無線セル内の２地点で、少なくとも１つの無線基地局との見通しがあるか否かを計算する（Ｓ35，Ｓ36，Ｓ34）。この計算を無線基地局を移動させながらｎ回繰り返し、最後に少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点の割合が最大になる無線基地局の位置を選択する（Ｓ37）。本実施形態では、見通しの有無について無線セルの２地点から推定することにより、計算時間の短縮を図ることができる。
【００２３】
【発明の効果】
以上説明したように、本発明の無線基地局配置方法は、無線基地局を設置する地域の地形データおよび高さデータを用いた計算により、無線セルの各地点から少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しがある地点が最大になる無線基地局の位置を近似により推定することができる。これにより、実際に無線基地局を設置する地域の特性を考慮して無線基地局の位置を最適化することができ、無線基地局と通信可能な無線端末局の数を増加させることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の基本原理を示す図。
【図２】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第１の実施形態の処理手順を示すフローチャート。
【図３】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第１の実施形態の計算範囲を示す図。
【図４】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第２の実施形態の処理手順を示すフローチャート。
【図５】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第２の実施形態の計算範囲を示す図。
【図６】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第３の実施形態の処理手順を示すフローチャート。
【図７】本発明の無線基地局配置方法の第３の実施形態の計算範囲を示す図。
【図８】基地局からの距離と見通しの関係を示す図。
【図９】基地局からの見通し範囲を示す図。
【図１０】基地局からの見通し範囲を示す図。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a radio base station for covering a service area without gaps in each radio cell of a plurality of radio base stations in a radio communication system in which a plurality of radio base stations are arranged in a service area to communicate with a radio terminal station The present invention relates to a radio base station arrangement method for determining the position of a radio base station.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Since radio wave propagation of mobile communications is affected by topography, buildings, etc., a region (wireless cell) in which radio waves arrive from a radio base station and can communicate is generally complicated. Here, the wireless base station can communicate with the wireless base station at a point where the wireless base station is visible, and the wireless base station cannot communicate with the wireless base station at a point where the wireless base station is not visible due to an obstacle (for example, a building). Shall.
[0003]
At this time, as shown in FIG. 8, a radio base station having a height h1 is installed on a flat ground without any undulations, and an obstacle with a height h2 is located on the same plane ground at a distance d1, d2 from the radio base station. (D1 <d2), even if the obstacle has the same height, the area that is not visible to the radio base station increases as the distance from the radio base station increases. For this reason, the line-of-sight area gradually decreases according to the distance from the radio base station, and the line-of-sight area expands radially as it goes to the end (cell edge) of the radio cell. This is shown in FIG.
[0004]
In addition, as the number of high obstacles increases, the line of sight is more likely to be blocked, and as the distance from the radio base station increases, the area that is visible from the radio base station decreases. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, a region where there is no line-of-sight due to an obstacle is relatively larger in a middle-high area where there are middle- and high-rise obstacles than in a low-rise area where there are low-rise obstacles. Here, the small circle indicates the boundary of the visibility rate α, and the large circle indicates the boundary of the visibility rate β (β <α). In the middle and high-rise areas, the areas with the line-of-sight rates α and β are narrower than in the low-rise areas, and the areas with the line-of-sight are rapidly reduced as the cell edge is reached.
[0005]
Although it is a radio cell having the above characteristics, when a plurality of radio base stations are arranged in the service area, the radio terminal station only needs to have a line of sight with at least one radio base station. Prospective rate will improve. If the line-of-sight rate when a plurality of radio cells are arranged overlapping each other is the probability that at least one radio base station can be seen, the line-of-sight rate when k radio cells overlap uses a statistical model, Line-of-sight rate when k radio cells overlap = [1− (probability of no line-of-sight from radio base station 1) · (probability of no line-of-sight from radio base station 2) ··· (line-of-sight from radio base station k No probability)].
[0006]
In the conventional radio base station arrangement method, the distance between the radio base stations is examined so that the radio cell radius and the mutual distance between the radio base stations are examined from the above formula so that the visibility rate at an arbitrary point is at least a predetermined value or more. Is calculated and a wireless base station is installed.
[0007]
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Supervised by Yoshihisa Okumura and Masaaki Shinji, "Basics of Mobile Communications", first edition, Corona, published October 1, 1986, pp.188-201
[0008]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the conventional radio base station arrangement method, a line-of-sight rate is calculated by setting a statistical model. In this case, the situation of the area where the radio base station is actually installed cannot be taken into consideration, and it is difficult to optimize the installation location of the radio base station.
[0009]
The present invention can estimate the installation location of a radio base station that can communicate with many radio terminal stations in advance according to the situation of the area where the radio base station is actually installed, and can communicate with the radio base station within the service area. An object of the present invention is to provide a radio base station arrangement method that increases the number of radio terminal stations.
[0012]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The invention according to
[0013]
Here, when one of the two points has a line of sight and the other has no line of sight, the interval between the two points is narrowed and the presence / absence of the line of sight at the two points is calculated again (claim 2 ).
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows the basic principle of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention. Here, it is shown that when one radio base station is moved in an area where the radio cells formed by the two radio base stations are overlapped, at least one radio base station and a point of view increase.
[0015]
In FIG. 1 (1), in the area where the radio cells formed by two radio base stations are overlapped, the areas that are visible from each radio base station (AP) overlap, and at least one radio base station and The ratio of the point with the prospect is low. In Fig. 1 (2), the position of one radio base station is moved slightly to reduce the overlap of areas that are visible from each radio base station. Indicates an increasing state. In this way, the ratio of the point of view differs from that of at least one radio base station depending on the installation location of the radio base station.
[0016]
FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
First, the initial position of each radio base station (AP) is determined (S11). Next, a fixed radio base station and a moving radio base station are determined (S12). Next, n installation position candidates for the moving radio base station are determined (S13). Next, at the first installation position of the moving radio base station, whether or not there is a line of sight with at least one radio base station at each point in the radio cell formed by each radio base station as shown in FIG. (S14). Note that this calculation is performed using a computer that inputs the topographic data and height data of the area where the radio base station is located.
[0017]
Next, the moving radio base station is shifted to the second installation position, and similarly, it is calculated whether or not there is a line of sight with at least one radio base station at each point in the radio cell of each radio base station (S15). , S16, S14). This calculation is repeated n times while moving the radio base station, and finally, the position of the radio base station that maximizes the ratio of at least one radio base station and a point of view is selected (S17).
[0018]
FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
First, the initial position of each radio base station (AP) is determined (S21). Next, a fixed radio base station and a moving radio base station are determined (S22). Next, n installation position candidates for the moving radio base station are determined (S23). Next, at the first installation position of the moving radio base station, as shown in FIG. 5, at least one radio at each point in the area surrounded by the two outer peripheral lines of the radio cell formed by each radio base station. It is calculated whether or not there is a prospect with the base station (S24).
[0019]
Next, the moving radio base station is shifted to the second installation position, and at least one radio at each point in the area surrounded by the two outer peripheral lines of the radio cell formed by each radio base station. It is calculated whether or not there is a prospect with the base station (S25, S26, S24). This calculation is repeated n times while moving the wireless base station, and finally, the position of the wireless base station that maximizes the ratio of at least one wireless base station and a point of view is selected (S27). In this embodiment, the calculation time can be shortened by limiting the region for calculating the presence / absence of line-of-sight to the outer periphery of the radio cell.
[0020]
FIG. 6 shows a third embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
First, the initial position of each radio base station (AP) is determined (S31). Next, a fixed radio base station and a moving radio base station are determined (S32). Next, n installation position candidates for the moving radio base station are determined (S33). Next, at the first installation position of the moving radio base station, it is calculated whether or not there is a line of sight with at least one radio base station at two points in the radio cell formed by each radio base station (S34). ). This calculation method is shown in Fig. 6 (2).
[0021]
As shown in FIG. 6 (2) and FIG. 7, two lines on the
[0022]
Next, shift the moving radio base station to the second installation position, and calculate whether there is a line of sight with at least one radio base station at two points in the radio cell formed by each radio base station. (S35, S36, S34). This calculation is repeated n times while moving the radio base station, and finally, the position of the radio base station that maximizes the ratio of at least one radio base station and a point of view is selected (S37). In the present embodiment, the calculation time can be reduced by estimating the presence / absence of line-of-sight from two points of the wireless cell.
[0023]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, the radio base station arrangement method according to the present invention allows at least one radio base station and a line-of-sight from each point of the radio cell by calculation using the terrain data and height data of the area where the radio base station is installed. The position of the radio base station at which a certain point becomes the maximum can be estimated by approximation. Thereby, the position of the radio base station can be optimized in consideration of the characteristics of the area where the radio base station is actually installed, and the number of radio terminal stations that can communicate with the radio base station can be increased.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a basic principle of a radio base station arrangement method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of the first embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a calculation range of the first embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a second embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a calculation range of a second embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a processing procedure of a third embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a calculation range of a third embodiment of the radio base station arrangement method of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a relationship between a distance from a base station and a line of sight.
FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a line-of-sight range from a base station.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a line-of-sight range from a base station.
Claims (2)
前記各無線基地局が形成する無線セル内の無線基地局を中心とした円周方向の２地点で、周囲に存在する全ての無線基地局に対する見通しの有無を地形データおよび高さデータに基づいて計算し、その２地点がともに見通しがあればその２地点間も見通しありと推定し、その２地点がともに見通しがなければその２地点間も見通しなしと推定し、少なくとも１つの無線基地局と見通しのある地点が最大になる無線基地局の位置を算出することを特徴とする無線基地局配置方法。In a radio base station arrangement method of a radio communication system in which a plurality of radio base stations are arranged in a service area to communicate with a radio terminal station,
Based on the terrain data and height data, the presence / absence of line of sight to all the surrounding radio base stations at two points in the circumferential direction centered on the radio base station in the radio cell formed by each radio base station If both of the two points have a line of sight, it is estimated that there is a line of sight between the two points. If both points do not have a line of sight, it is estimated that there is no line of sight between the two points. A radio base station arrangement method, comprising: calculating a position of a radio base station at which a point with a line of sight is maximized.
前記２地点の一方に見通しがあり、他方に見通しがない場合には、２地点の間隔を狭めて再度２地点の見通しの有無を計算することを特徴とする無線基地局配置方法。In the radio base station arrangement method according to claim 1 ,
A radio base station arrangement method characterized in that, when one of the two points has a line of sight and the other has no line of sight, the interval between the two points is narrowed and the presence / absence of the line of sight is calculated again.
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