JP3808926B2 - Electrophotographic image fixing device - Google Patents

Electrophotographic image fixing device Download PDF

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Publication number
JP3808926B2
JP3808926B2 JP02953096A JP2953096A JP3808926B2 JP 3808926 B2 JP3808926 B2 JP 3808926B2 JP 02953096 A JP02953096 A JP 02953096A JP 2953096 A JP2953096 A JP 2953096A JP 3808926 B2 JP3808926 B2 JP 3808926B2
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Prior art keywords
fixing device
pressure roller
perforations
roller
paper
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JPH09222817A (en
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親二 齊藤
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Nitto Kogyo Corp
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Nitto Kogyo Corp
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は電子写真画像定着装置に関し、特に加熱ローラに対し画像支持シートを圧着する加圧ローラを組み合わせて、乾式トナー画像を融着するための定着装置に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
従来、電子写真複写機等における定着装置には、紙等の画像支持シート上に転写された未定着の粉末トナー画像を、加熱されたローラやベルト等の熱圧部材と表面に弾性層を設けた加圧用ローラとの間で熱圧して、融着させるようにした乾式トナー用の電子写真画像定着装置が多く用いられている。かかる定着装置における加熱ローラは、芯金の内部にヒータを設けると共に、表面には溶融トナーの粘着を防止するための、フッ素樹脂などの非粘着性層を設けたものが用いられ、また加圧ローラとしては、通常金属性の芯金の周囲に、例えばシリコーンゴムスポンジなどの耐熱性の弾性層を設けて形成されており、またその外面に、トナーの粘着を防止するために、フッ素樹脂などの非粘着層を設けたものが一般的である。
【0003】
このような定着装置はしばしば間欠的に運転されることが多いため、起動時には加熱ローラが急速に昇温して短時間に定着運転ができることが望まれている。そして加圧ローラも、運転開始後にその表面温度が短時間に加熱ローラの表面温度に接近することが望ましいとされているため、加圧ローラの弾性層は比較的に熱容量が小さく、また熱伝導性も小さいスポンジ層で構成されることが多い。しかしこうした定着装置は、起動後に運転時間が経過するにつれて紙皺が発生し易くなるために、高画質の画像を連続して多数定着することが困難であるという問題があった。
【0004】
また、こうした起動後の紙皺発生の問題は、時間が経過して加熱ローラの温度が一定の値に達すると、運転状態が安定して自然に消滅するものであった。しかし、安定した運転状態となった後でも、たとえば幅が小さい複写用紙を用いて画像の定着を継続した後に、時間を置かずに幅が大きい複写用紙を通紙すると紙皺が発生し易くて、一時的に画質のよい画像が得られなくなる問題があった。そこで複写用紙を切り換える場合には、暫く空運転をして、高画質の画像を安定して定着するまで待機することが望ましいとされていた。
【0005】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上記のように、従来の加熱ローラと加圧ローラを備えたトナー画像の定着装置において、運転開始後に発生する初期紙皺は、起動後に所定の待機時間を設定することで防止するようにしていた。しかし、画像定着を継続して実施している間に、寸法の異なる複写用紙に切り換えて定着を継続しようとする場合、紙皺の発生を予測することは困難である。しかも、紙皺の防止のために、更に待機時間を取ることを操作者すべてに要求するのは困難であり、また待機時間を設けること自体が非能率でもある。
【0006】
そこで、加熱ローラと加圧ローラとを対設してなる定着装置において、紙皺の発生を防止する手段について装置の面から種々研究した結果、加圧ローラとして特定の構造を有する弾性ローラを用いることが有効であることを見出した。
すなわち本発明は、定着装置の起動後に画像の定着枚数の増えると共に発生する紙皺と、寸法が異なる複写用紙を通紙したときに発生する紙皺とを抑制して画質の劣化を防ぎ、いつでも高画質の画像を安定して作成することができる改良された電子写真画像定着装置、並びにかかる定着装置に用いるに適した加圧ローラを提供することを目的とする。
【0007】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記の本発明の目的は、加圧ローラとローラ又はベルトからなる熱圧部材とこれらを加熱する手段とを備えてなる乾式トナー用の電子写真画像定着装置であって、該加圧ローラが、芯金を囲んでシリコーンゴムからなるスポンジ層とフッ素樹脂からなる非粘着層とを順次設けてなり、該非粘着層の少なくも通紙部位を含む範囲針を刺して、該加圧ローラのスポンジ層の呼吸のための複数の穿孔を分布して設けたものであることを特徴とする電子写真画像定着装置によって達成することができる。
【0008】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の電子写真画像定着装置は、複写用紙上に転写された乾式トナーの電子写真画像を、加熱ローラと加圧ローラとによって形成される通紙ニップに通して、熱圧することにより定着するものである。かかる定着装置に用いられる加熱ローラは、芯金の内部にヒータを設けたもので、通常はオフセット現象の発生を防止するために、溶融トナーに対する剥離性が優れた樹脂、例えばフッ素樹脂などの非粘着層を周面に設けてある。
【0009】
このような定着用の加熱ローラの表面は、トナーの融着に適した温度に加熱されることが必要であるため、芯金の内部に設けられるヒータとしては温度制御の容易なハロゲンランプなどが用いられることが多い。こうしたヒータは、通常、ローラの端部からの放熱が中央部からの放熱より大きいことを考慮して、中央部より端部の発熱量が多くなるように調整されているが、連続して大量の画像定着を行うと複写用紙によって持ち去られる熱量が多くなるため、加熱ローラ表面の温度分布が不均一となりやすい。
【0010】
更にかかる加熱ローラと圧接した状態で従動する加圧ローラは、周面に耐熱ゴム等からなるスポンジ層などが設けられるのが普通であり、また溶融トナーの粘着を防止するために、表面にフッ素樹脂などの非粘着層が設けられている。そのため、表面層部分は比較的に熱伝導性が低く且つ熱容量も小さく、加熱ローラより熱の供給を受けることにより、容易に高温状態に到達する。しかし、上記のように連続して大量の画像定着を行った場合には、加圧ローラの表面から多くの熱量が複写用紙により持ち去られるばかりでなく、加熱ローラよりの熱の供給も減少するため、加圧ローラの表面温度は加熱ローラに比較して大きく変化する。
【0011】
本発明者は、定着装置の始動直後、及び定常運転中にそれまで使用していた複写用紙と異なった寸法の複写用紙に替えたときの紙皺の発生が、加圧ローラの熱的変形に原因するものではないかと考えた。そして研究を進めた結果、定着装置の運転条件や、加熱ローラ及び加圧ローラの構造などが、上記の紙皺の発生と相関関係を持つことを見出した。
【0012】
すなわち、本発明の電子写真画像定着装置に用いるに適した定着用の加圧ローラは、芯金を囲んで耐熱ゴムからなるスポンジ層を設け、更にその表面に耐油性及び耐熱性、並びに剥離性に優れたフッ素樹脂からなる非粘着層とを順次設けてなるものである。かかる加圧ローラにおけるスポンジ層は、発泡剤を配合したシリコーンゴム、或いはフッ素ゴム等を芯金の周りに押出成形などによって被覆し、型に入れて加硫と同時に発泡させることにより形成することができる。
【0013】
こうして得られたスポンジ層の表面は、研磨或いは研削することによって所望の寸法、形状となるよう整形し、次いでその表面に、例えば架橋型の接着剤などを塗布したのち、例えばPTFEやPFAなどのフッ素樹脂チューブ等を被着し、加熱して接着させるなどの方法により、耐久性に優れた非粘着層を設ける。こうして得られた加圧ローラの非粘着層には、更に複数の穿孔を分布して設けるが、かかる穿孔は、例えば多数の針を並べて植設した加工具を加圧ローラの軸と平行にして接触させる方法などを利用して設けることができる。この場合、穿孔の分布は加工具に設ける針の分布を変えることにより、所望に応じて格子状、千鳥状、あるいは不規則状などの適宜の配置を選択し、穿孔密度も適宜に選択することができる。
【0014】
定着装置に組み込まれた加圧ローラにおいて、穿孔の分布密度は周方向に一様であることが好ましいが、更に軸方向及び周方向に一様な分布密度で穿孔が設けられていると、定着装置の始動後における初期紙皺が効果的に抑制される。このことは、加圧ローラが加熱ローラと圧接しながら回転するとき、加圧ローラのスポンジ層が穿孔を通じて呼吸することによって、層からの放熱と層内の熱移動とが促進され、加圧ローラの温度分布の平均化が進むためと考えられる。
【0015】
しかし穿孔の分布密度が軸方向に一様であることは必ずしも必須ではなく、多少の変化があっても始動直後における紙皺の発生を抑制する効果があり、それと同時に加圧ローラをストレート形状に代えて逆クラウン形状とすることも、始動直後における紙皺発生に抑制に有効である。従って、加圧ローラの表面層に穿孔を分布して設けることによって、定着装置が始動した後に、加熱ローラや加圧ローラの温度が画像定着に適した範囲に入るまでの待機時間を、最小限まで短縮することができる。
【0016】
また一般的に、定着装置が安定な運転状態に入った後は、画像支持シート、即ち複写用紙によって持ち去られる熱は加熱ローラのヒータによって補給され、加熱ローラ及び加圧ローラの温度は、画像定着に適した範囲内に制御される。このような状態で、例えばA3サイズ用の定着装置において、A4サイズの複写用紙を用いて画像定着を連続して行っていると、これらのローラの通紙範囲より外側の部位は、複写用紙によって熱を持ち去られることがないので次第に温度が上昇するものである。
【0017】
そして従来のA3サイズ用の定着装置においては、例えばA4サイズの複写用紙を用いて定常運転を行っているときに、A4サイズより狭幅の、例えばB5サイズなどの複写用紙に切り換えても、何等の異状も起こらずに画像定着を継続することができる。ところがA4サイズの複写用紙を用いて定常運転を行っているときに、これより広幅の、例えばA3サイズなどの複写用紙に切り換えて、継続して画像定着を行おうとすると、複写用紙の端部に紙皺が発生してしまい、画質の良好な定着画像は得られない。しかし、より広幅の複写用紙に切り換える場合でも、暫時の空運転を継続した後に画像定着を再開すれば、紙皺が発生することはなく、画質の低下は起こらない。
【0018】
これに対して本発明の定着装置においては、表面の非粘着層には複数の穿孔を分布して設けた加圧ローラ、特に、例えば狭幅のA4サイズの複写用紙と例えば広幅のA3サイズの複写用紙とのいずれもが接触する通紙部位では穿孔の分布密度が小さく、例えば広幅のA3サイズの複写用紙しか接触しない通紙部位では穿孔の分布密度が大きく構成されている加圧ローラが組み込まれている。このような加圧ローラは、一定の寸法の複写用紙を用いて定着運転を連続実施した場合、従来の加圧ローラに比べて、通紙されていなかった部位の温度の上昇が抑制され、通紙されていた部位との温度の差が小さくなるうえ、両部位間の温度傾斜が緩やかとなる。そしてこのような温度差の緩和効果は、穿孔の分布密度が大きい部位と分布密度が小さい部位との境界が、狭幅の複写用紙と広幅の複写用紙との双方が接触する通紙部位に片寄って設けられていると更に顕著である。
【0019】
このような加圧ローラが設けてある本発明の定着装置において、狭幅の複写用紙を用いて画像の定着を連続して多数回実施した後に、より広幅の複写用紙に切り換えて画像の定着を続いて行っても紙皺は発生せず、良質の定着画像が得られる。従って本発明の定着装置では、異なった寸法を有する多種の複写用紙をランダムな順序で供給した場合でも、紙皺の発生が抑制されるので、複写用紙切り換えの間に空運転を行うことなく、直ちに複写用紙を切り換えて画像の定着を継続することができる。
【0020】
上記のような本発明の定着装置に設けられる加圧ローラの穿孔の密度分布は、加熱ローラの構造や熱的特性、特に内蔵されているヒータの発熱分布、温度制御特性等によって、また通紙部位がローラの中央部であるか、右寄りか左寄りかによって、更に使用される複写用紙の寸法の種類が何種あるか、そのうち常用される複写用紙の寸法はどれか等によって、更にまた、定着装置の使用状況、即ち運転のために起動する頻度や間隔、連続して定着する回数、複写用紙の切り換えの頻度等によって、それぞれ最適な形態が異なるものである。従って、本発明における加圧ローラの穿孔の密度分布は、上記のような多くの条件を考慮した上で予備的な試験を行い、決定することが好ましい。
【0021】
【実施例】
以下、実施例によって本発明を説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の思想から逸脱しない範囲で種々の形態を取ることができる。
【0022】
(比較例1)
図4に示すように、径14mmの鉄製の芯金1に、プライマーを塗布したのち発泡性シリコーンゴム組成物を押出被覆して加熱発泡させると共に加硫し、発泡倍率170%でアスカーC型硬度(荷重300g)が36度、厚さ約7mmのシリコーンゴムスポンジ層2を形成した。次いでスポンジ層2の表面を円柱状に研磨整形して架橋型接着剤を塗布し、厚さ50μmの内面接着処理PFA樹脂チューブを被覆して加熱接着することにより、最外層としてフッ素樹脂の非粘着層3を有し、アスカーC型硬度(荷重1.0kg)が53度で、外径が25mm、長さが322mmの加圧ローラaを作成した。
【0023】
(比較例2)
比較例1と同様にしてシリコーンゴムスポンジ層を形成したのち、その表面形状が逆クラウン状となるように研削整形した他は比較例1と全く同様の、最外層としてフッ素樹脂の非粘着層を有する加圧ローラbを作成した。
【0024】
(実施例1)
比較例1の加圧ローラの表面に、軸を中心として45°間隔となる軸と平行な8本の直線に沿って、長さ3mm、径0.6mmの針を刺し、端面より14.0mmの位置から10.5mm毎に、1列に29個、合計232個の穿孔Aと、上記の平行な8本の直線の中間の同様な8本の直線に沿って、端面より8.75mmの位置から10.5mm毎に1列に30個、合計240個の穿孔Bとを形成して、合計472個の穿孔が非粘着層全面にわたり一様に分布している、図1に示すような本発明の加圧ローラAを作成した。
【0025】
(実施例2)
実施例1と同様の方法で、加圧ローラAにおける穿孔Bの列をローラの全長に設ける代わりに、両側端面より7mmの位置から10.5mm毎にそれぞれ長さ63mmまで針を刺して、表面に1列に両側から各7個ずつ、合計112個の穿孔Bを形成した以外は加圧ローラAと同様な、232個の穿孔Aと合わせて合計344個の穿孔を有する、図2に示すような本発明の加圧ローラBを得た。すなわち、この加圧ローラBは、非粘着層の中央部の長さ182mmの部分に穿孔Aだけを設け、両側の長さ各70mmの部分に穿孔Aと穿孔Bとを設けたものである。
【0026】
(実施例3)
実施例1と同様の方法で、加圧ローラAにおける穿孔Bの列をローラの全長に設ける代わりに、一方端面より6mmの位置から10.5mm毎にそれぞれ長さ105mmまで針を刺して、表面の一方側に1列に11個ずつ、合計88個の穿孔Bを形成した以外は加圧ローラAと同様な、232個の穿孔Aと合わせて合計320個の穿孔を有する、図3に示すような本発明の加圧ローラCを得た。すなわち、この加圧ローラCは、非粘着層の一方側の長さ211mmの部分に穿孔Aだけを設け、他方側の長さ111mmの部分に穿孔Aと穿孔Bとを設けたものである。
【0027】
(実施例4)
比較例2の加圧ローラの表面に、実施例2と全く同様にして針を刺し、表面形状が逆クラウン状である以外は実施例2と全く同様な、本発明の加圧ローラDを得た。すなわち、この加圧ローラDは、非粘着層の中央部の長さ182mmの部分に穿孔Aだけを設け、両側の長さ各70mmの部分に穿孔Aと穿孔Bとを設けたものである。
【0028】
(実施例5)
比較例2の加圧ローラの表面に、実施例3と全く同様にして針を刺し、表面形状が逆クラウン状である以外は実施例3と全く同様な、本発明の加圧ローラEを得た。すなわち、この加圧ローラEは、非粘着層の一方側の長さ211mmの部分に穿孔Aだけを設け、他方側の長さ111mmの部分に穿孔Aと穿孔Bとを設けたものである。
【0029】
(試験例1)
上記の加圧ローラa、b、A、B、及びDをA3サイズ用で中央通紙型の電子写真用定着装置に組み込み、スイッチを入れて起動すると同時に、次の順序に従って毎分32枚の速度で、A3サイズの複写用紙に連続して2枚の黒ベタ画像と90枚の文字画像と2枚の黒ベタ画像の複写を行った。そして94枚の画像定着を済ませたのち、A4サイズの複写用紙に切り換えて連続して画像の複写を行ない、90枚の画像定着を済ませたのち、直ちにA3サイズの複写用紙で2枚の黒ベタ画像の定着を行なう操作を、連続して3回反復した。
【0030】
a:A3複写用紙に対し黒ベタ画像2枚
b:A3複写用紙に対し文字画像90枚
c:A3複写用紙に対し黒ベタ画像2枚
d:A4複写用紙に対し文字画像90枚
e:A3複写用紙に対し黒ベタ画像2枚
f:A4複写用紙に対し文字画像90枚
g:A3複写用紙に対し黒ベタ画像2枚
h:A4複写用紙に対し文字画像90枚
i:A3複写用紙に対し黒ベタ画像2枚
【0031】
このようにして比較例及び各実施例の加圧ローラのそれぞれ5本について作成した黒ベタ画像(aで作成した画像の1枚目をa1 、2枚目をa2 とする。またc、e、g、iで作成した画像についても同様である。)における紙皺の発生の有無を評価し、紙皺発生なしを2、紙皺発生を0として各5本の合計点数を算出し、表1に示した。
【0032】
【表1】

Figure 0003808926
【0033】
(試験例2)
上記の加圧ローラa、b、C、及びEをA3サイズ用で片側通紙型の電子写真用定着装置に組み込み、試験例1と全く同様の試験条件で、A3サイズの複写用紙を用いて連続して2枚の黒ベタ画像と90枚の文字画像と2枚の黒ベタ画像の複写を行った。そして更にA4サイズの複写用紙で90枚の文字画像とA3サイズの複写用紙で2枚の黒ベタ画像の複写定着を反復して行った。
これらの加圧ローラについての、試験例1と同様な紙皺発生の評価を行った結果を、表2に示した。
【0034】
【表2】
Figure 0003808926
【0035】
【発明の効果】
本発明の定着用加圧ローラは、定着装置の起動後に連続して多数枚の画像定着を行っても紙皺の発生が少なく、長時間の運転後も画質の良い定着画像を安定して作成することができるほか、寸法の異なる複写用紙に切り換えて連続して画像定着を行っても、紙皺の発生が起こり憎い。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明の定着用加圧ローラAの穿孔パターンを示す正面図正面図(I)及び側面図(II)である。
【図2】本発明の定着用加圧ローラB、及びDの穿孔パターンを示す正面図である。
【図3】本発明の定着用加圧ローラC、及びEの穿孔パターンを示す正面図である。
【図4】比較例の定着用加圧ローラaの正面図(I)及び側面図(II)である。
【符号の説明】
1 芯金
2 スポンジ層
3 非粘着層
A、B 穿孔[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electrophotographic image fixing device, and more particularly to a fixing device for fusing a dry toner image by combining a pressure roller that presses an image supporting sheet against a heating roller.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, a fixing device in an electrophotographic copying machine or the like is provided with an unfixed powder toner image transferred on an image supporting sheet such as paper, and a heat pressure member such as a heated roller or belt and an elastic layer on the surface. In many cases, an electrophotographic image fixing apparatus for dry toner, which is heated and pressed with a pressure roller, is used. The heating roller in such a fixing device is provided with a heater inside the cored bar, and a surface provided with a non-adhesive layer such as a fluororesin for preventing adhesion of the molten toner. The roller is usually formed by providing a heat-resistant elastic layer such as a silicone rubber sponge around a metal core, and a fluororesin or the like on its outer surface to prevent toner sticking. A non-adhesive layer is generally provided.
[0003]
Since such a fixing device is often operated intermittently, it is desired that the heating roller rapidly rises in temperature and can be fixed in a short time. Since it is desirable that the surface temperature of the pressure roller also approaches the surface temperature of the heating roller in a short time after the start of operation, the elastic layer of the pressure roller has a relatively small heat capacity and heat conduction. It is often composed of a sponge layer with low properties. However, such a fixing device has a problem that it is difficult to fix a large number of high-quality images in succession because paper jams are likely to occur as the operation time elapses after activation.
[0004]
In addition, the problem of the occurrence of paper jams after startup is that the operating state is stabilized and disappears naturally when time passes and the temperature of the heating roller reaches a certain value. However, even after a stable operation state is reached, for example, if the image is continuously fixed using a copy paper having a small width and then the copy paper having a large width is passed without taking a long time, paper jams are likely to occur. There is a problem that an image having a good image quality cannot be obtained temporarily. Therefore, when switching the copy paper, it is desirable to idle for a while and wait until a high-quality image is stably fixed.
[0005]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
As described above, in a conventional toner image fixing device including a heating roller and a pressure roller, initial paper wrinkles that occur after the start of operation are prevented by setting a predetermined waiting time after starting. . However, it is difficult to predict the occurrence of a paper jam when attempting to continue fixing by switching to a copy sheet having a different size while image fixing is being performed continuously. Moreover, it is difficult to require all operators to take a further waiting time in order to prevent paper jamming, and providing the waiting time itself is also inefficient.
[0006]
Therefore, as a result of various researches on the means for preventing the occurrence of paper jams in a fixing device in which a heating roller and a pressure roller are provided in pairs, an elastic roller having a specific structure is used as the pressure roller. Found that it was effective.
In other words, the present invention prevents deterioration of image quality by suppressing paper sheets generated as the number of images fixed after the fixing device is started up and paper sheets generated when copying sheets having different dimensions are passed. An object of the present invention is to provide an improved electrophotographic image fixing device capable of stably producing a high-quality image, and a pressure roller suitable for use in such a fixing device.
[0007]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
The object of the present invention is an electrophotographic image fixing device for dry toner comprising a pressure roller, a thermo-pressure member comprising a roller or a belt, and means for heating them, the pressure roller comprising: provided sequentially become in a non-adhesive layer made of the sponge layer and a fluororesin made of silicone rubber surrounding the metal core, and put a needle in a range including at least the sheet passing portion of the non-adhesive layer, sponge pressure roller can be achieved by an electrophotographic image fixing apparatus characterized by the multiple perforations for breathing layer is obtained provided distributed.
[0008]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The electrophotographic image fixing apparatus of the present invention fixes an electrophotographic image of a dry toner transferred onto a copy sheet by hot pressing through a paper passing nip formed by a heating roller and a pressure roller. It is. A heating roller used in such a fixing device is provided with a heater inside a cored bar. Usually, in order to prevent the occurrence of an offset phenomenon, a resin excellent in releasability from molten toner, for example, a non-fluorine resin or the like is used. An adhesive layer is provided on the peripheral surface.
[0009]
Since the surface of such a fixing heating roller needs to be heated to a temperature suitable for toner fusion, a heater provided in the cored bar may be a halogen lamp whose temperature is easily controlled. Often used. These heaters are usually adjusted so that the heat release from the end of the roller is greater than the heat release from the center, so that the amount of heat generated at the end is greater than that at the center. When the image fixing is performed, the amount of heat carried away by the copy sheet increases, so that the temperature distribution on the surface of the heating roller tends to be non-uniform.
[0010]
Further, the pressure roller driven in contact with the heating roller is usually provided with a sponge layer made of heat-resistant rubber or the like on the peripheral surface, and in order to prevent adhesion of the molten toner, fluorine is applied on the surface. A non-adhesive layer such as a resin is provided. Therefore, the surface layer portion has a relatively low thermal conductivity and a small heat capacity, and easily reaches a high temperature state by receiving supply of heat from the heating roller. However, when a large amount of images are fixed continuously as described above, not only a large amount of heat is carried away from the surface of the pressure roller by the copy sheet, but also the supply of heat from the heating roller is reduced. The surface temperature of the pressure roller varies greatly compared to the heating roller.
[0011]
The present inventor has found that the occurrence of paper jams immediately after the start of the fixing device and during the steady operation when the paper is changed to a copy paper having a different size from that used up until now causes thermal deformation of the pressure roller. I thought it might be the cause. As a result of research, it has been found that the operating conditions of the fixing device and the structure of the heating roller and the pressure roller have a correlation with the occurrence of the paper jam.
[0012]
That is, the pressure roller for fixing suitable for use in the electrophotographic image fixing apparatus of the present invention is provided with a sponge layer made of heat-resistant rubber surrounding a cored bar, and further has oil resistance, heat resistance, and peelability on its surface. And a non-adhesive layer made of an excellent fluororesin. The sponge layer in such a pressure roller can be formed by coating a silicone rubber or a fluorine rubber blended with a foaming agent around the core metal by extrusion or the like and placing it in a mold and foaming simultaneously with vulcanization. it can.
[0013]
The surface of the sponge layer thus obtained is shaped by grinding or grinding so as to have a desired size and shape, and then, for example, a cross-linking adhesive is applied to the surface, and then, for example, PTFE or PFA is used. A non-adhesive layer with excellent durability is provided by a method such as attaching a fluororesin tube or the like and heating and adhering. The non-adhesive layer of the pressure roller thus obtained is further provided with a plurality of perforations distributed. For example, the perforation is performed by setting a processing tool in which a large number of needles are arranged in parallel to the axis of the pressure roller. It can provide using the method of making it contact. In this case, the distribution of the perforations can be changed by changing the distribution of the needles provided on the processing tool, so that an appropriate arrangement such as a lattice, staggered or irregular shape can be selected as desired, and the perforation density can also be selected appropriately. Can do.
[0014]
In the pressure roller incorporated in the fixing device, the distribution density of the perforations is preferably uniform in the circumferential direction. However, if the perforations are provided with a uniform distribution density in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, the fixing is performed. The initial paper jam after the start of the apparatus is effectively suppressed. This is because when the pressure roller rotates while being pressed against the heating roller, the sponge layer of the pressure roller breathes through the perforations, thereby promoting heat dissipation from the layer and heat transfer within the layer. This is thought to be due to the progress of averaging of the temperature distribution.
[0015]
However, it is not always necessary that the perforation distribution density is uniform in the axial direction, and even if there is a slight change, it has the effect of suppressing the occurrence of paper wrinkles immediately after starting, and at the same time, the pressure roller has a straight shape. Instead, the reverse crown shape is also effective in suppressing the occurrence of paper jams immediately after startup. Therefore, by providing perforations in the surface layer of the pressure roller, the waiting time until the temperature of the heating roller and the pressure roller enters a range suitable for image fixing after the fixing device is started is minimized. Can be shortened.
[0016]
In general, after the fixing device enters a stable operation state, the heat carried away by the image supporting sheet, that is, the copy paper, is replenished by the heater of the heating roller. It is controlled within a range suitable for. In such a state, for example, in an A3 size fixing device, when image fixing is continuously performed using A4 size copy paper, the portion outside the sheet passing range of these rollers is made of copy paper. Since the heat is not carried away, the temperature gradually increases.
[0017]
In a conventional A3 size fixing device, for example, when a steady operation is performed using A4 size copy paper, even if it is switched to a copy paper having a narrower width than A4 size, for example, B5 size, etc. The image fixing can be continued without causing any abnormalities. However, during steady operation using A4 size copy paper, switching to a wider copy paper, for example A3 size, and trying to fix the image continuously, the end of the copy paper Paper flaws occur, and a fixed image with good image quality cannot be obtained. However, even when switching to a wider copy paper, if image fixing is resumed after continuing the idling operation for a while, paper flaws do not occur and image quality does not deteriorate.
[0018]
On the other hand, in the fixing device of the present invention, a pressure roller having a plurality of perforations distributed in the non-adhesive layer on the surface, in particular, for example, a narrow A4 size copy sheet and a wide A3 size paper, for example. Incorporates a pressure roller that has a small distribution density of perforations at the part where the copy paper is in contact with each other, for example, a high distribution density of the perforations at a part that passes only a wide A3 size copy paper. It is. In such a pressure roller, when a fixing operation is continuously performed using copy paper of a certain size, the temperature rise of the portion that has not been passed is suppressed compared to the conventional pressure roller, and the passage of the pressure roller is suppressed. The difference in temperature from the site where the paper was placed becomes smaller, and the temperature gradient between the two sites becomes gentler. Such a temperature difference mitigating effect is due to the fact that the boundary between the perforation distribution area and the distribution area where the perforation distribution is small shifts to the paper passing area where both the narrow copy paper and the wide copy paper contact. This is even more prominent.
[0019]
In the fixing device of the present invention provided with such a pressure roller, after the image is continuously fixed many times using a narrow-width copy sheet, the image is fixed by switching to a wider-width copy sheet. Subsequent visits do not produce paper and a good quality fixed image is obtained. Therefore, in the fixing device of the present invention, even when various types of copying paper having different dimensions are supplied in a random order, the occurrence of paper jam is suppressed, so that the idle operation is not performed during switching of the copying paper. Immediately, the copy paper can be switched to continue fixing the image.
[0020]
The density distribution of the perforations of the pressure roller provided in the fixing device of the present invention as described above depends on the structure and thermal characteristics of the heating roller, especially the heat generation distribution of the built-in heater, temperature control characteristics, etc. Depending on whether the part is the central part of the roller, the right side or the left side, there are more types of copy paper dimensions to be used, which of the common copy paper dimensions are used, etc. The optimum form differs depending on the usage status of the apparatus, that is, the frequency and interval of starting for operation, the number of times of continuous fixing, the frequency of switching of copy sheets, and the like. Therefore, it is preferable to determine the density distribution of the perforations of the pressure roller in the present invention by conducting a preliminary test in consideration of many conditions as described above.
[0021]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by way of examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples, and can take various forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0022]
(Comparative Example 1)
As shown in FIG. 4, after applying a primer to an iron core 1 having a diameter of 14 mm, the foamable silicone rubber composition is extrusion-coated, heated and vulcanized, and vulcanized, with an Asker C-type hardness at a foaming ratio of 170%. A silicone rubber sponge layer 2 having a load (300 g) of 36 degrees and a thickness of about 7 mm was formed. Next, the surface of the sponge layer 2 is polished and shaped into a cylindrical shape, a cross-linking adhesive is applied, and an inner surface-adhesive PFA resin tube having a thickness of 50 μm is coated and heat-adhered to form a non-adhesive fluororesin as the outermost layer. A pressure roller a having layer 3 and having an Asker C-type hardness (load 1.0 kg) of 53 degrees, an outer diameter of 25 mm, and a length of 322 mm was prepared.
[0023]
(Comparative Example 2)
A silicone rubber sponge layer was formed in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, and then a non-adhesive layer made of a fluororesin was used as the outermost layer, exactly as in Comparative Example 1, except that the surface was ground and shaped so as to have an inverted crown shape. The pressure roller b having was prepared.
[0024]
Example 1
A needle having a length of 3 mm and a diameter of 0.6 mm was stabbed on the surface of the pressure roller of Comparative Example 1 along eight straight lines parallel to the axis at 45 ° intervals centered on the axis, and 14.0 mm from the end surface. From the position of the end face, along the same 8 straight lines in the middle of 232 perforations A in total, 232 perforation A, and the above 8 parallel straight lines, 17.5 mm every 10.5 mm A total of 240 perforations B are formed in a row every 10.5 mm from the position, and a total of 472 perforations are uniformly distributed over the entire non-adhesive layer, as shown in FIG. A pressure roller A of the present invention was prepared.
[0025]
(Example 2)
In the same manner as in Example 1, instead of providing a row of perforations B in the pressure roller A over the entire length of the roller, the needles were pierced from the position of 7 mm from both end faces to a length of 63 mm every 10.5 mm. FIG. 2 shows a total of 344 perforations combined with 232 perforations A, similar to the pressure roller A, except that 7 per side in a row and a total of 112 perforations B are formed. The pressure roller B of the present invention was obtained. That is, this pressure roller B is provided with only the perforations A in the central portion of the non-adhesive layer having a length of 182 mm, and the perforations A and the perforations B in portions having a length of 70 mm on both sides.
[0026]
Example 3
In the same manner as in Example 1, instead of providing a row of perforations B in the pressure roller A over the entire length of the roller, a needle is pierced from the position of 6 mm from one end surface to a length of 105 mm every 10.5 mm. 3 has a total of 320 perforations, including 232 perforations A, similar to the pressure roller A, except that 11 per row, 11 per row, total 88 perforations B are formed. The pressure roller C of the present invention was obtained. That is, this pressure roller C is provided with only the perforations A in the 211 mm length portion on one side of the non-adhesive layer and the perforations A and B in the other length 111 mm portion.
[0027]
Example 4
A pressure roller D of the present invention is obtained which is exactly the same as in Example 2 except that the surface of the pressure roller of Comparative Example 2 is pierced in the same manner as in Example 2 and the surface shape is an inverted crown. It was. That is, the pressure roller D is provided with only the perforations A in the central portion of the non-adhesive layer having a length of 182 mm, and the perforations A and B in the portions having a length of 70 mm on both sides.
[0028]
(Example 5)
A pressure roller E according to the present invention is obtained, which is exactly the same as in Example 3 except that the surface of the pressure roller of Comparative Example 2 is pierced in the same manner as in Example 3 and the surface shape is an inverted crown. It was. That is, the pressure roller E is provided with only the perforations A in the 211 mm length portion on one side of the non-adhesive layer and the perforations A and B in the other length 111 mm portion.
[0029]
(Test Example 1)
The above pressure rollers a, b, A, B, and D are incorporated into an A3 size, center-feed type electrophotographic fixing device, turned on and started, and at the same time the speed of 32 sheets per minute according to the following sequence: Then, two black solid images, 90 character images, and two black solid images were continuously copied on the A3 size copy paper. After fixing the 94 images, switch to A4 size copy paper and copy the images continuously. After fixing 90 images, immediately transfer 2 black solids on A3 size copy paper. The operation for fixing the image was repeated three times in succession.
[0030]
a: Two black solid images for A3 copy paper b: 90 character images for A3 copy paper c: Two black solid images for A3 copy paper d: 90 character images for A4 copy paper e: A3 copy 2 black solid images on paper f: 90 character images on A4 copy paper g: 2 black solid images on A3 copy paper h: 90 character images on A4 copy paper i: Black on A3 copy paper Two solid images [0031]
In this way, a black solid image created for each of the five pressure rollers of the comparative example and each example (the first image created with a is a1 and the second image is a2. Also, c, e, The same applies to the images created with g and i.) In FIG. 1, the presence or absence of paper folds is evaluated, and a total score of 5 is calculated, with 2 being no paper folds and 0 being paper folds. It was shown to.
[0032]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003808926
[0033]
(Test Example 2)
The pressure rollers a, b, C, and E described above are incorporated into an A3 size, one-sided sheet-feeding type electrophotographic fixing device, and using A3 size copy paper under the same test conditions as in Test Example 1. Two black solid images, 90 character images, and two black solid images were continuously copied. Further, copying and fixing of 90 character images on A4 size copying paper and two black solid images on A3 size copying paper were repeated.
Table 2 shows the results of evaluating the occurrence of paper wrinkles similar to Test Example 1 for these pressure rollers.
[0034]
[Table 2]
Figure 0003808926
[0035]
【The invention's effect】
The fixing pressure roller according to the present invention stably generates a fixed image with high image quality even after a long period of operation, even if a large number of images are fixed continuously after the fixing device is started, so that there is little generation of paper flaws. In addition, even if the image is continuously fixed by switching to copy paper of different dimensions, the occurrence of paper flaws is hateful.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a front view (I) and a side view (II) showing a perforation pattern of a fixing pressure roller A of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a front view showing a punching pattern of fixing pressure rollers B and D of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a front view showing a perforation pattern of fixing pressure rollers C and E according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a front view (I) and a side view (II) of a fixing pressure roller a of a comparative example.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 cored bar 2 sponge layer 3 non-adhesive layer A, B perforated

Claims (6)

加圧ローラとローラ又はベルトからなる熱圧部材とこれらを加熱する手段とを備えてなる乾式トナー用の電子写真画像定着装置であって、該加圧ローラが、芯金を囲んでシリコーンゴムからなるスポンジ層とフッ素樹脂からなる非粘着層とを順次設けてなり、該非粘着層の少なくも通紙部位を含む範囲針を刺して、該加圧ローラのスポンジ層の呼吸のための複数の穿孔を分布して設けたものであることを特徴とする電子写真画像定着装置。An electrophotographic image fixing device for dry toner, comprising a pressure roller, a hot pressure member comprising a roller or a belt, and a means for heating the pressure member, wherein the pressure roller surrounds a cored bar and is made of silicone rubber. It made it sequentially provided a sponge layer and a fluorine resin non-adhesive layer, and put a needle in a range including at least the sheet passing portion of the non-adhesive layer, multiple for breathing sponge layer pressure roller An electrophotographic image fixing device characterized in that a plurality of perforations are distributed. 非粘着層における穿孔の分布密度が、周方向に一様である請求項1に記載の電子写真画像定着装置。  The electrophotographic image fixing device according to claim 1, wherein a distribution density of perforations in the non-adhesive layer is uniform in the circumferential direction. 狭幅の画像支持シートと広幅の画像支持シートとの双方が接触する通紙部位における穿孔の分布密度が、広幅の画像支持シートのみが接触する通紙部位における穿孔の分布密度より小である請求項1又は2に記載の電子写真画像定着装置。  The distribution density of perforations in the paper passing area where both the narrow image supporting sheet and the wide image supporting sheet are in contact is smaller than the distribution density of perforations in the paper passing area where only the wide image supporting sheet is in contact Item 3. The electrophotographic image fixing device according to Item 1 or 2. 非粘着層における穿孔の分布密度の大と小との境界が、狭幅の画像支持シートと広幅の画像支持シートとの双方が接触する通紙部位に設けられている請求項3に記載の電子写真画像定着装置。  4. The electron according to claim 3, wherein a boundary between a large and small perforation distribution density in the non-adhesive layer is provided at a paper passing portion where both the narrow image supporting sheet and the wide image supporting sheet are in contact with each other. Photo image fixing device. ローラがストレート形状を有している請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電子写真画像定着装置。  The electrophotographic image fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the roller has a straight shape. ローラが逆クラウン形状を有している請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電子写真画像定着装置。  The electrophotographic image fixing device according to claim 1, wherein the roller has an inverted crown shape.
JP02953096A 1996-02-16 1996-02-16 Electrophotographic image fixing device Expired - Fee Related JP3808926B2 (en)

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