JP3806391B2 - Adjustable multi-row roller bearing - Google Patents

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an adjustable roller bearing and method for adjusting the clearance or preload of a multi-row roller bearing.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to achieve a relatively high value and reliable bearing over a long period of time with roller bearings, it is often necessary for the roller bearings to be mounted with a constant gap or a constant preload . In this regard, in a multi-row roller bearing having a conical roller body that rolls between the conical races of the inner ring and the outer ring, the inner ring and the outer ring are divided and the gap between the divided bearing rings is divided. Alternatively , it is well known to move in the axial direction to adjust the preload .
[0003]
This type of bearing arrangement is very practical and is used in many ways. However, there are some applications where it is desirable to adjust the roller bearing gap or preload , but a well-known bearing arrangement cannot be installed. It is known that the known bearing arrangement, due to its geometry, provides axial fixation of the machine elements supported by it, but for some uses, the mobility of the supported machine elements is required. That is why.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a roller bearing capable of adjusting a gap or a preload in the radial direction and thus allowing a reliable movement in the axial direction.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
This problem is solved by the characterizing part of claim 1.
[0006]
The roller bearing according to the present invention includes a first set of roller bodies configured to be a cone that rolls on a race constituted by a first cone, and a cone that rolls on a race constituted by a second cone. And a second set arranged axially alongside the first set of roller bodies. In that case, the roller bearing according to the present invention is particularly characterized in that the opening angle of the cone of the roller body is approximately half the opening angle of the cone of the first and second races, respectively.
[0007]
The special configuration of the roller bearing has the advantage that the mechanical parts supported by the roller bearing can move in the axial direction and therefore the clearance or preload of the roller bearing can be adjusted.
[0008]
The adjustment of the gap or the preload is performed by side rings that are movable in the first and second axial directions and act on the end face of the roller body.
[0009]
The first side ring may have a first abutting surface against which the first set of roller bodies hits the end surface, and the second side ring may have a second abutting surface against which the second set of roller bodies hits the end surface. it can. This has the advantage that the action of the first side ring and the second side ring on the end face of the roller body can be made flexible. In order to establish synchronization between the action on the first set of roller bodies and the action on the second set of roller bodies, the first side ring and the second side ring are connected via at least one connecting element. Can be linked with respect to its axial movement.
[0010]
The connecting element can be configured as a rod having a screw that engages a screw hole in the second side ring. The rod can be rotatably supported in the first side ring and is connected in a closed shape with the first side ring for axial movement in one direction. This arrangement has the advantage that it is very simple and allows precise coupling of the axial movement of the first and second side rings.
[0011]
When the roller bearing according to the invention is mounted with a gap, the rod has two spring elements for the alignment of the first and second sets of roller bodies, respectively.
[0012]
In an alternative embodiment, the rod can have another screw that engages in a threaded hole in the first side ring. In that case, one of both screws can be configured as a right-handed screw and the other can be configured as a left-handed screw. In this embodiment, the rod can be provided with a spring element to reduce the gap caused by screw engagement. This embodiment can be used in particular when the first and second sets of roller bodies are arranged mutually adjacent to each other with end faces having a large radius.
[0013]
Instead of a threaded rod, the connecting element can also be configured as a bolt. At least one bolt transmits the axial movement of the first side ring to the second side ring. For example, the axial movement of the first ring can be generated by a screw that surrounds its outer diameter. In the case of the use of bolts as connecting elements, it is advantageous to fix the second side ring against turning. Furthermore, a deflection element is provided for each bolt with respect to the bolt so that each is arranged between the bolt and the second side ring and the direction of movement of the bolt is reversed in the case of transmission to the second side ring. Can do.
[0014]
An advantageous embodiment has three connecting elements that are evenly distributed around the periphery of the first side ring and the second side ring. Thereby, on the one hand, an accurate connection between the first side ring and the second side ring is ensured, while on the other hand, ambiguity in determining the position of the second side ring is avoided.
[0015]
The roller bearing according to the invention has at least one bearing ring which comprises at least one race for rolling the roller body. The bearing ring has an axial hole for receiving the connecting element for each connecting element.
[0016]
Alternatively, the connecting element can be guided into the housing in which the bearing is installed. For this purpose, the housing has an axially extending recess or hole for receiving the connecting element for each connecting element.
[0017]
In order to adjust the clearance or preload of a multi-row roller bearing comprising a first set and a second set of roller bodies rolling on the first conical race and the second conical race, the method according to the invention is used. The first set and the second set are moved in the axial direction, and the axial positions of the first race and the second race are kept unchanged. The axial movement is effected by an axial action on the side ring of the roller body and is carried out so that the first and second sets of roller bodies are moved relative to one another.
[0018]
【Example】
The present invention will be described below based on the illustrated embodiment.
[0019]
FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 shows a bearing arrangement with two rows of roller bearings. The roller bearing has an inner ring 1, an outer ring 2, a first set of roller bodies 3 configured in a cone, and a second set of roller bodies 4 configured in a cone. It is arranged between the outer ring 2. The inner ring 1 is formed in a cylindrical shape and has a cylindrical race 5 on which the roller bodies 3 and 4 roll. The outer ring 2 has a race 6 constituted by a first cone, on which a roller body 3 rolls and a race 7 constituted by a second cone, on which a roller 4 rolls. Move. There are cages 8 and 9 for guiding the roller bodies 3 and 4, and the roller bodies 3 and 4 are installed in the cage. The structure of the roller bearing shown in FIG. 1 enables relative axial movement between the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 2, i.e. a loose bearing is important. This axial movement is made possible by the cylindrical component of the race 5 of the inner ring 1.
[0020]
The inner ring 1 is disposed on a shaft 10 that is rotatably supported by a roller bearing. Usually, the inner ring 1 is connected to the shaft 10 in a rotationally fixed manner, so that for example a certain cover can be mounted on the shaft 10. The outer ring 2 is disposed in the hole of the housing 11 and can similarly be fitted with a cover. In order to fix the outer ring 2 with respect to the housing 11 against axial movement, a stop ring 12 is installed in a predetermined radial groove 13 of the housing 1 in the end face side range of the outer ring 2.
[0021]
Furthermore, the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 includes a roller body 3, a roller body 4, and a first side ring 14 and a second ring 15 that can be moved in the axial direction and are arranged in the axial direction. The side rings 14 and 15 have hollow cylindrical portions 16 and 17 whose end faces abut against the roller bodies 3 and 4 having the end faces. The side ring 14 has an axial hole 18 distributed at the periphery thereof at the same interval, and a screw rod 19 is inserted into each hole. The side ring 15 extends in the axial direction and has a screw hole 20 corresponding to the axial hole 18. Another axially extending hole 21 is arranged in the housing 11 so that it can be aligned with both the axial hole 18 and the screw hole 20. The screw rod 19 is guided in the axial hole 18 in the side ring 14 and in the hole 21 in the housing 11 and enters the screw hole 20 in the side ring 15. In this embodiment, the threaded rod 19 is not threadedly engaged with the side ring 14 and the housing 11.
However, there is an axially shaped closure connection between the threaded rod 19 and the side ring 14, which means that the shoulders present respectively due to the stepped configuration of the axial bore 18 that cooperates in the end region of the threaded rod 19. Realize.
[0022]
As another functional element, there is still a helical spring 22 which surrounds the threaded rod 19 in its end region and abuts on the one hand on the side rings 14, 15 and on the other hand on the housing 11. In order to accommodate the helical springs 22, the holes 21 each have a piecewise large diameter.
[0023]
In driving the bearing arrangement shown in FIG. 1, the shaft 10 rotates with respect to the housing 11. Furthermore, the shaft 10 can also move axially with respect to the housing 11. The roller bodies 3, 4 do not cause both axial movements of the shaft 10 because the side rings 14, 15 prevent this kind of axial movement.
[0024]
In order to adjust the bearing clearance or preload , the roller bodies 3, 4 are moved with respect to the conical races 6, 7 of the outer ring 2. This movement causes the roller bodies 3 and 4 to approach the races 6 and 7 somewhat strongly due to the conical shape. The axial movement of the side rings 14, 15 is generated by the rotation of the screw rod 19. In doing so, the helical spring 22 takes into account that the axial movement is transmitted in a balanced manner to the roller bodies 3, 4.
[0025]
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic cross section of the invention for an illustration of the geometric relationship between the rollers 3, 4 and the races 5, 6, 7. For better appearance, the components of the roller body that are not needed in this description are not shown in FIG. Furthermore, this illustration is exaggerated and not to scale, in which case the conical shapes of the roller bodies 3, 4 and the races 6, 7 are exaggerated for the sake of clarity of the geometric situation.
[0026]
The conical shape of the roller bodies 3 and 4 that roll between the conical races 6 and 7 and the cylindrical race 5 is defined by an opening angle α that surrounds the conical exterior surface of the roller bodies 3 and 4. Correspondingly, the conical shape of the races 6, 7 is described by the opening angle β of the attached cone.
As can be estimated in FIG. 2, the opening angle α is half of the opening angle β. This condition must be at least substantially satisfied, so that the race 5 can be configured in a cylinder. The opening angle α of the roller bodies 3 and 4 is usually smaller than 6 °. In this case, a value of 1 to 3 ° is appropriate.
[0027]
In principle, the angles α and β can of course be defined between the cone exterior surface and the intermediate axis of the cone, respectively. However, due to the relationship between the angles α and β, they do not change each other.
[0028]
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention, in which a connecting element configured as a threaded rod 19 is likewise shown in cross section. In contrast to FIG. 1, the end faces with large diameters are adjacent to one another, i.e. the roller bodies 3, 4 are arranged to correspond to an X array. This arrangement now requires the installation of two outer rings 23, 24 instead of the single outer ring 2 as illustrated in FIG.
[0029]
Another difference from the illustrated embodiment is the configuration of the elements provided for adjusting the clearance or preload of the bearing arrangement. Indeed, a screw rod 19 is further provided. However, in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the threaded rod 19 has two screw ranges with different rotational directions, i.e. right and left threads. At that time, the left screw engages with the corresponding screw hole 25 in the side ring 15, and the right screw engages with the corresponding screw hole 26 in the side ring 14. In the range between the side rings 14 and 15, the screw rod 19 is surrounded by a helical spring 22, which on the one hand abuts on the side ring 14 and on the other side abuts on the side ring 15. Thereby, the clearance of the screw engagement between the screw rod 19 and the screw holes 25 and 26 is reduced.
[0030]
Also in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, in particular three screw rods 19 are provided. However, in contrast to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the threaded rod 19 is guided in a hole 27 extending through the outer ring 23. So there is no corresponding hole in the housing 11.
[0031]
Further, when the screw rod 19 is rotated to adjust the clearance or the preload , the screw rod moves toward the side rings according to the direction of rotation or separates the side rings 14 and 15 from each other. . In a corresponding manner, the roller bodies 3, 4 move towards or away from each other and the radial spacing of the roller bodies relative to the outer rings 23, 24 changes accordingly. As the threaded rod is rotated so that the side rings 14, 15 move towards each other, the clearance increases or the preload decreases. In the opposite direction of rotation, the side rings 14, 15 move away from each other and the clearance decreases or the preload increases.
[0032]
FIG. 4 shows an embodiment without the screw bolt 19. Instead of screw bolts, three rods 28 are used as connecting elements. These rods 28 are guided in holes 21 extending axially in the housing 11. In each of the rods 28, one end face hits the side ring 14 and the other end face hits the side ring 15. The side ring 14 includes external threads 29 that engage with corresponding internal threads 30 of the housing 11. Furthermore, the side ring 14 has one or more recesses 31 or other working points configured for the tool, so that the side ring 14 can be rotated and displaced by the tool, so that the screw with the housing 11 As a result of the engagement, further axial movement is performed.
[0033]
In order to adjust the clearance or preload , the side ring 14 is rotated and displaced by a suitable tool. As a result, the roller body 3 that moves on the end surface with respect to the side ring 14 is moved in the axial direction due to the axial movement. Further, the rod 28 whose end face abuts on the side ring 14 is moved in the axial direction, and this axial movement is transmitted to the side ring 15, and the side ring 15 finally transmits this movement to the roller body 4. Therefore, as a whole, the rotation of the side ring 14 causes the synchronous movement of the roller bodies 3 and 4 in the same direction. When the direction of rotation is changed, the axial movement is also reversed by 180 degrees accordingly.
[0034]
FIG. 5 shows a section along the line AB in FIG. This section shows the guide of the rod 28. The rod 28 has a circular cross section and is guided in a hole 21 in the housing 11 which also has a circular cross section.
[0035]
6 shows a cross-section along line CD in FIG. Then, in particular, a pivoting configuration of the side ring 15 occurs.
[0036]
The side ring 15 has at least one radial protrusion 32 that enters an axially extending radial groove 33 in the housing 11. As a result, a connection that is closed in the peripheral direction between the side ring 15 and the housing 11 is generated, and at the same time, a relative axial movement is caused between the side ring 15 and the housing 11. In particular, there are not only one radial protrusion 32 and an associated groove 33, but also three protrusions 32 and three grooves 33.
[0037]
FIG. 7 shows another embodiment in which three rods 28 are provided as connecting elements. The difference from the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4 is that the rod is not guided in the housing 11 but in the outer ring 23. Another difference is that the side ring is provided with three axial insertion holes 34 that are evenly distributed around the periphery, and the rod 28 penetrates into the insertion holes. This results in a connection that is closed in the peripheral direction between the rod 28 and the side ring 15 and in this way the side ring 15 is fixed against turning.
[0038]
As another characteristic, the side ring 14 has a clamping screw 35 extending at an acute angle with respect to the radial direction. With this clamping screw 35, the side ring 14 is fixed on the one hand against unpredictable swiveling, and on the other hand, the clearance between the screw 29 of the side ring 14 and the screw 30 of the housing 11 that are engaged with each other is reduced. The In particular, there is not only one clamping screw, but also three clamping screws that are evenly distributed around the side ring 14.
[0039]
The adjustment of the gap or preload is performed analogously to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 and is therefore not specifically described again.
[0040]
FIG. 8 shows another embodiment in which three rods 28 are installed as connecting elements. However, in contrast to the embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 7, the roller bodies 3, 4 are not arranged in the same direction with respect to each other, and the end faces having a small diameter are oppositely adjacent, ie in an O arrangement. . This requires that the side rings 14, 15 have to be moved in the opposite direction for clearance or preload adjustment. For this reason, the embodiment according to FIG. 8 has a deflection lever 36 for each rod 28, said lever being configured in a V shape, a linear movement extending in the opposite direction of the side ring 15 results from the linear movement of the rod 28. In other words, the rod 28 moves to the right in the illustration of FIG. 8 due to the corresponding rotation of the side ring 14, and this movement is deflected by the deflection lever 36 to move the side ring 15 to the left. Is done.
[0041]
The adjustment of the gap or preload is then carried out in a corresponding manner similar to that already described in the embodiment according to FIG.
[0042]
Alongside the embodiments described in the description, there are numerous variations, for example considering the shape, number and arrangement of the selected connecting elements within the outer ring and housing.
[0043]
There is also a deformation in which there is no inner ring 1 and the roller bodies 3, 4 rotate directly on the shaft 10.
[0044]
Furthermore, it is also possible in principle to replace the functions of the inner ring 1, the outer ring 2 or the outer rings 23, 24, ie to provide a cylindrical outer ring and one or more conical inner rings, with corresponding adjustment directions. it can.
[0045]
In this embodiment, conical body of the roller body 3 and 4, in particular, can it to form a convex curvature to produce a logarithmic profile.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 shows in cross-section an embodiment of the invention in which the connecting element is configured as a threaded rod.
FIG. 2 shows an enlarged schematic cross-section of the invention in order to clarify the geometric relationship between the roller body and the race.
FIG. 3 shows in cross-section another embodiment of the invention in which the connecting element is configured as a threaded rod.
FIG. 4 shows in cross-section an embodiment of the invention in which the connecting element is configured as a rod .
FIG. 5 shows a section along the line AB in FIG.
FIG. 6 shows a cross section along line CD in FIG.
FIG. 7 shows in cross-section another embodiment of the invention in which the connecting element is configured as a rod .
FIG. 8 shows in cross-section another embodiment of the invention in which the connecting element is configured as a rod .
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Inner ring 2 Outer ring (O-array)
3 Roller body (first set)
4 Roller body (second set)
5 Cylindrical race (inner ring)
6 First conical race (outer ring)
7 Second conical race (outer ring)
8 Cage (first set of roller bodies)
9 Cage (second set of roller bodies)
10 shaft 11 housing 12 retaining ring 13 radial groove 14 first side ring 15 second side ring 16 hollow cylindrical member (first side ring)
17 Hollow cylindrical member (second side ring)
18 Axial hole (first side ring)
19 Screw rod 20 Screw hole (second side ring)
21 Hole extending in the axial direction (housing)
22 Spiral spring 23 Outer ring 24 Outer ring 25 Screw hole (second side ring)
26 Screw hole (first side ring)
27 hole (outer ring)
28 rod 29 external thread (first side ring)
30 Internal thread (housing)
31 recess (first side ring)
32 Radial protrusion (second side ring)
33 Radial groove (housing)
34 Insertion hole (2nd ring)
35 Clamp screw 36 Deflection lever α Conical opening angle of roller body β Conical opening angle of race

Claims (11)

A first set of roller bodies (3) configured in a cone rolling on a first race (6) configured in a cone, and a roller rolling on a second race (7) configured in a cone A second set of roller bodies (4) configured in a cone arranged axially alongside the first set of bodies (3);
In an adjustable multi-row roller bearing comprising first and second axially movable side rings (14, 15) acting on end faces of the roller bodies (3, 4),
The opening angle (α) of the cone of the roller bodies (3, 4) is smaller than 6 °, which is approximately half of the opening angle (β) of the cone of the first race (6) and the second race (7), respectively. Size,
The first and second races are fixed in the axial direction,
The first and second side rings (14, 15) are connected with respect to their axial movement via at least one connecting element;
The connecting elements are each configured as a rod (19) having a screw that engages a screw hole (20) in the second side ring (15);
Adjustable multi-row roller bearing, characterized in that the rod (19) has another screw that engages in a screw hole (26) in the first side ring (14).   The adjustable multi-row roller bearing according to claim 1, characterized in that the rod (19) is configured as a right-hand thread and the other thread is configured as a left-hand thread.   3. Adjustable multi-row roller bearing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rod (19) has at least one spring element (22) to reduce the gap caused by screw engagement. A first set of roller bodies (3) configured in a cone rolling on a first race (6) configured in a cone, and a roller rolling on a second race (7) configured in a cone In an adjustable multi-row roller bearing with a second set of roller bodies (4) configured in a cone arranged axially alongside a first set of bodies (3),
The opening angle (α) of the cone of the roller body (3, 4) is approximately half the opening angle (β) of the cone of the first race (6) and the second race (7), respectively.
First and second axially movable side rings (14, 15) acting on the end faces of the roller bodies (3, 4);
The first and second side rings (14, 15) are connected with respect to their axial movement via at least one connecting element;
Adjustable multi-row roller bearing, characterized in that the connecting elements are each configured as a rod (28).   The said first side ring (14) has means for generating an axial movement transmitted to the second side ring (15) by at least one rod (28). Adjustable multi-row roller bearing.   6. An adjustable multi-row roller bearing according to claim 5, wherein the first side ring (14) has a screw (29) surrounding its outer diameter for the generation of axial movement.   7. An adjustable multi-row roller bearing according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the second side ring (15) is fixed against turning.   Each rod (28) has a deflection element (36), and each deflection element is disposed between the rod (28) and the second side ring (15), and the movement direction of the rod (28) is the first. 8. An adjustable multi-row roller bearing according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that it is reversed during transmission to the two-side ring (15).   Adjustable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has three connecting elements that are evenly arranged around the periphery of the first and second side rings (14, 15). Multi-row roller bearing.   10. The at least one race (6) is configured and has at least one bearing ring (23) with an axial hole (27) for accommodating the connecting element for each connecting element. The adjustable multi-row roller bearing according to any one of the above.   A roller bearing according to any one of claims 1 to 9 and a housing (11) in which the roller bearing is installed, wherein the housing extends in the axial direction for accommodating the coupling element for each coupling element. Bearing arrangement characterized by having a recess or hole (21).

Images