JP3805345B2 - Power generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation device used in hydropower generation, thermal power generation, wind power generation, and the like, and more particularly to a synchronous power generation device.

  For example, as a principle of hydroelectric power generation or thermal power generation, the rotational driving force of a water turbine or a turbine is transmitted to the rotor of an AC generator, and electric power is generated based on the rotation of the rotor, and AC power is output. In this case, in order to obtain AC power as the generator output, it must be a constant frequency, adjusted to a voltage that does not exceed the rating, and the current and power according to the power used and the transmission capacity of the transmission line. Various adjustment controls such as phase adjustment are required. For this purpose, for example, various mechanical adjustments and controls such as adjustment control of water volume and gas, that is, adjustment control by governor, adjustment of the angle of the blades of the prime mover, etc. are necessary to adjust the rotational force of the turbine or turbine that is the generator input. become.

  On the other hand, as a recent trend, various low-power generators such as small hydroelectric power generation and wind power generation (however, wind power generation has recently appeared with high output) have been commercialized. This is in line with the trend to convert so-called clean energy in the natural environment into electric power. And even with these low-power generators, devices and equipment such as governors are required, which makes maintenance and inspection cumbersome.Furthermore, with these generators, changes in strength such as wind force to obtain rotational driving force In order to reduce the influence as much as possible and to obtain energy efficiently, it is necessary to select an installation location strictly in advance equal to or more than the thermal power generation described above.

  Moreover, since it is a generator, it is necessary to carry out grid connection except for the one for independent operation. When this grid connection is made, it is necessary to synchronize the generator output with the grid power supply frequency. Therefore, conventionally, the AC output is temporarily converted into DC, an AC synchronized with the system AC power supply is created by an inverter, and this AC is connected to the system.

JP 2002-315396 A

  By the way, in the conventional synchronous generator, since it was not possible to perform the power generation synchronized with the system unless it was a synchronous rotational speed, an apparatus and equipment for maintaining the synchronous rotational speed were required, resulting in an increase in size. Further, in the conventional synchronous generator, excitation is required when a rotor winding is provided, and when a permanent magnet is used instead of the rotor winding, rotation start is deteriorated due to a magnetic attractive force. So, especially in wind power generation.

  Also, in wind power generation, etc., the installation location is strictly selected so that a steady input is obtained as much as possible. However, even if there is a large change in the rotational driving force, the influence of the change is reduced and is constantly There is a demand to obtain a power generation device that can generate power generation.

  Further, in wind power generation, there is a demand to use wind energy as much as possible for power generation without separating the rotational driving force from the power generation device in a strong wind.

  In addition, in order to generate power with a conventional induction generator, it is necessary to maintain the rotor speed above the synchronous speed, and even if the rotor speed can be maintained above the synchronous speed, If it exceeds about 20 percent, the power generation output is lowered, and there is a problem that the configuration of the control system becomes complicated.

  In addition, in the conventional self-excited generator, when the grid interconnection is executed, it is necessary to maintain the rotor speed above the synchronous speed. At the start of power generation, for example, a so-called power generation start trigger is required such as intermittently applying a voltage to the stator winding or applying a winding to the rotor to perform initial excitation. Similarly, the control system has become complicated.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above, and the rotor is provided with a winding to facilitate rotation start, and the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding by mutual induction is set to a commercial frequency such as a system frequency. It is an object of the present invention to obtain a novel synchronous power generator that can generate a power generation output synchronized with the system frequency regardless of the magnitude of the rotational driving force as an input by switching based on the same frequency.

  In order to achieve the above-described object, the present invention provides a power generator including a rotor having a rotor winding and a stator having a stator winding, and obtaining a power generation output from the stator winding by the rotation of the rotor. Depending on the relative speed between the electrical angle that travels per unit time of the voltage applied to the stator winding and the electrical angle that travels per unit time of the magnetic pole of the rotor due to the rotation of the rotor Further, it is characterized by comprising non-contact switching means for switching the current flowing through the rotor winding in one direction or the other direction.

  According to the present invention, the magnetic angle (N pole or S pole) generated in the rotor winding and the magnetic pole (N pole or S pole) generated in the rotor winding are set to 90 degrees in electrical angle by the non-contact switching means. Synchronous power generation can be performed by controlling the same polarity from the heading position. Therefore, a novel synchronous power generator capable of obtaining a power generation output synchronized with the system frequency regardless of the magnitude of the rotational driving force as an input can be obtained. In this power generation device, since the rotor is not equipped with a permanent magnet, it is in an unloaded state at the time of starting rotation, and rotation starting becomes easy.

  In the power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, a plurality of the non-contact switching means are arranged on a substantially circular circumference on a member of an appropriate shape arranged stationary with the stator, and emit light The operation is divided into two groups with the circumference roughly divided into two, and the first group and the second group continue to be turned on and off alternately in synchronization with the voltage phase applied to the stator winding. A light emitting element controlled to repeat and a member having an appropriate shape that can be rotated together with the rotor, with a physical angle of about 180 degrees on a substantially concentric circumference with respect to the axis of the rotor, And a switching circuit including two sets of light receiving elements arranged so as to face each other so as to be capable of receiving light emission of the light emitting elements.

  According to the present invention, the phase information of the stator winding can be transmitted to the light receiving element of the rotor winding.

  In the power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the switching circuit includes a first switch and a first switch that are turned on when one of the two light receiving elements is turned on. A first circuit including a first unidirectional element that causes a current from one end to the other end to flow through the rotor winding when in a conductive state and a conductive state when the other light receiving element is turned on A second circuit including a second switch and a second unidirectional element configured to flow a current from the other end to the one end in the rotor winding when the second switch is in a conductive state. It is characterized by being.

  According to the present invention, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding can be switched and controlled.

  The power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the rotor winding.

  According to this invention, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding can be switched.

  The power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, a series circuit of the first circuit and the second circuit is connected between both terminals of the rotor winding.

  According to this invention, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding can be switched.

  In the power generation device according to the next invention, in the above invention, a plurality of the non-contact switching means are arranged on a substantially circular circumference on a member of an appropriate shape arranged stationary with the stator, and a magnetic field The generating operation is divided into two groups with the circumference divided roughly into two, and the first group and the second group are alternately generated simultaneously and simultaneously in synchronism with the voltage phase applied to the stator winding. Magnetic field generating means that is controlled to continue and stop generation, and a member having an appropriate shape that can rotate together with the rotor, and a physical angle of approximately 180 degrees on a substantially concentric circumference with respect to the axis of the rotor. And a switching circuit including two sets of hall elements facing each other so as to receive a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating means.

  According to the present invention, the phase information of the stator winding can be transmitted to the hall element of the rotor winding.

  In the power generation device according to the next invention, in the above invention, the switching circuit includes a first switch and a first switch that are turned on when one Hall element of the two sets of Hall elements is turned on. A first circuit including a first unidirectional element that causes current to flow from one end to the other end of the rotor winding when in a conductive state, and a conductive state when the other Hall element is turned on A second circuit including a second switch and a second unidirectional element configured to flow a current from the other end to the one end in the rotor winding when the second switch is in a conductive state. It is characterized by being.

  According to the present invention, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding can be switched and controlled.

  The power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the rotor winding.

  According to this invention, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding can be switched.

  The power generator according to the next invention is characterized in that, in the above invention, a series circuit of the first circuit and the second circuit is connected between both terminals of the rotor winding.

  According to this invention, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding can be switched.

  In the power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the rotor winding is configured such that one end of each of the first rotor winding and the second rotor winding arranged at a predetermined electrical angle is mutually connected. The switching circuit is configured such that the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the first rotor winding, and the first circuit and the second circuit are connected to each other. When one of the second circuits is turned on to control the first rotor winding to be in a conductive state, the first rotor winding and the second rotor winding form a closed circuit. In this manner, the other ends are electrically connected to each other, and a current flowing through the second rotor winding is injected into the first rotor winding.

  According to the present invention, the current flowing through the first rotor winding is increased in the first rotor winding, which is the main excitation rotor winding, so that the current flowing through the first rotor winding is increased. Since it can be injected, the power generation output can be increased.

  In the power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the rotor windings are a first rotor winding, a second rotor winding, and a third rotation arranged at a predetermined electrical angle. The one end of the child winding is connected to each other, and the switching circuit is configured such that the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the first rotor winding. And when one of the first circuit and the second circuit is turned on to control the first rotor winding to a conductive state, the first rotor winding and the second and third The other ends of the rotor windings are electrically connected to each other so as to form a closed circuit, and current flowing through the second and third rotor windings is injected into the first rotor windings. A configuration is provided.

  According to the present invention, the current flowing through the second and third rotor windings is increased in the first rotor winding, which is the main excitation rotor winding, and the current flowing through the first rotor winding is increased. Therefore, the power generation output can be increased.

  In the power generator according to the next invention, in the above invention, the predetermined electrical angle is approximately 180 degrees, based on the number of the rotor windings arranged in a magnetic pole piece constituting one pole of the rotor. It is the number of quotients divided.

  According to the present invention, the electrical angle position of the rotor winding used for injection can be determined.

  According to the present invention, since the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding by mutual induction can be switched based on the same frequency as the commercial frequency such as the system frequency, the rotation driving force that is easy to start rotation and is the input Regardless of the size, the power generation output synchronized with the system frequency can be obtained.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of a power generator according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

Embodiment 1.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a simplified configuration of the power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Here, in FIG. 1, the example applied to a wind power generator is shown. This power generator can function as a single-operated power generator or a grid-connected power generator. In FIG. 1, in order to explain the configuration of the power generation device in an easy-to-understand manner, some modifications are made or a schematic configuration is displayed. For example, in an actual power generation device, the rotor 6 is configured to be inserted into the magnetic pole piece 22, but in FIG. 1, the magnetic pole piece 22 is not overlapped in order to clarify the schematic structure of the rotor 6. Is displayed.

  In FIG. 1, a rotor core 5 having a rotor winding 4 mounted on a stator 3 having a stator core 2 wound with a field winding 1 connected to a system power supply of 50 Hz or 60 Hz. A rotor 6 having a wind turbine 7 is rotatably arranged with the windmill 7 as a drive source. Two pairs of light receiving elements (e.g., phototransistors) 8 and 9 are rotatably disposed integrally with the rotor 6 at the shaft end of the rotor 6, and are parallel to the arrangement surface of the light receiving elements 8 and 9 at an appropriate interval. A plurality of light emitting elements (for example, light emitting diodes) 10 are fixedly arranged in a circular shape on the facing surface.

  This will be specifically described. In the stator 3, the end of the yoke 21 of the stator core 2 constitutes a two-pole field pole having a magnetic pole piece 22. The field pole can have not only a two-pole configuration but also a multiple of two. Further, since the field winding 1 can be connected to a three-phase AC power source, it is needless to say that the field magnetic pole 1 can be configured to have 3 poles or a multiple of 3 poles.

  The shape of the stator core 2 shown in FIG. 1 is not an actual shape, and is shown as forming the end of the yoke 21 of the stator core 2 for convenience of explanation. Further, the pole piece (field pole) 22 has a shape matching the rotor 6, and the yoke 21 is simply illustrated as a structure in which the field winding 1 is wound by connecting the pole piece 22.

  The rotor windings 4 mounted on the shaft 61 of the rotor 6 have coil sides 41 inserted into slots that are arranged at equal intervals in the circumferential direction of the shaft 61 and are linearly formed in the axial direction of the shaft 61. It is composed of a plurality of coils (mold-wound coil and direct-winding coil). A plate material (disk shape in the illustrated example) 11 serving as an arrangement surface is firmly attached to the end surface of the shaft 61 of the rotor 6 so as to withstand vibration and centrifugal force. A switching circuit 12 having a light receiving element 8 and a switching circuit 13 having a light receiving element 9 are arranged on the surface of the plate member 11. The configuration and connection relationship of the rotor winding 4 and the switching circuits 12 and 13 are as shown in FIGS. 3-1, 3-2, and 3-3 described later.

  FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a relationship between two sets of light receiving elements and a plurality of light emitting elements and an arrangement mode of the plurality of light emitting elements. Here, if one of the light receiving element 8 and the light receiving element 9 is referred to as a light receiving element A and the other is referred to as a light receiving element B, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B sandwich the shaft 61 as shown in FIG. They are arranged symmetrically. That is, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B are arranged on the plate 11 so as to rotate on a concentric circle with a phase difference of about 180 degrees.

  Further, in FIG. 2, the plurality of light emitting elements 10 are plate members (disc-like in the illustrated example) 14 that are fixedly arranged at positions facing and separated from the light receiving element arrangement surface of the plate material 11. Are arranged in a circular shape at appropriate intervals on the opposite surface. 2 shows a case where a plurality of light emitting elements 10 are arranged with no gap therebetween, it is needless to say that the present invention is not limited to this. Hereafter, in one of the two semicircular arcs that divide the circumference into two equal parts, a set of a predetermined number of light emitting elements 10 arranged on one semicircular arc is referred to as a light emitting element group A, and the other semicircular arc A set of a predetermined number of light emitting elements 10 arranged on top is referred to as a light emitting element group B.

  The light emitting element driving unit 15 to which the plurality of light emitting elements 10 are respectively connected is configured so that the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B are alternately alternately arranged at the positive half cycle and the negative half cycle of the system frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz). It has a circuit that controls to turn on and off all at once. That is, the light-emitting element group A and the light-emitting element group B are controlled so that the other is simultaneously turned off in the half cycle in which one is turned on simultaneously.

  Next, basic components will be described with reference to FIGS. 3-1 to 3-4. FIG. 3A is a conceptual diagram illustrating the basic configuration of the rotor winding 4 shown in FIG. 3-2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a specific configuration example of the rotor winding 4 illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 3C is a principle diagram for explaining a mechanism for switching the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 shown in FIG. FIG. 3-4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a specific example of the two switching circuits 12 and 13 including the light receiving element illustrated in FIG.

  The cylindrical rotor winding 4 shown in FIG. 1 is composed of a large number of coils arranged in the circumferential direction as described above. A number of coils arranged in the circumferential direction are shown in FIG. As shown, it is composed of a unit winding 4a and a unit winding 4b that are 180 degrees apart in electrical angle and whose winding directions are opposite to each other. The unit winding 4a and the unit winding 4b are connected to the winding end of the unit winding 4a and the winding start of the unit winding 4b to form a single coil as a whole. According to this configuration, currents flowing in opposite directions flow in the unit winding 4a and the unit winding 4b. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 3A, the unit winding 4b from the winding start end 4c of the unit winding 4a. When a current toward the winding end 4d is passed, the unit winding 4a forms an N pole and the unit winding 4b forms an S pole. Here, for easy understanding, for example, the magnetic pole at the winding start end of the rotor winding 4 configured as described above is hereinafter simply referred to as “magnetic pole of the rotor winding 4” or “rotor 6”. The magnetic pole.

  Thus, the rotor winding 4 can be formed at a position where the N pole and the S pole are separated by 180 degrees in electrical angle. FIG. 3A shows the case of two poles for easy understanding, but it is general to adopt a multipolar configuration based on the same idea. Next, a specific configuration example in the case of two poles will be described with reference to FIG.

  FIG. 3-2 shows the positional relationship between the stator 3 and the rotor 6 at an electrical angle of 0 degrees. 3-2, pole pieces 62 are provided on the surface of the rotor 6 at regular intervals. In the illustrated example, five magnetic pole pieces 62 are arranged within the magnetic pole width of the stator 3. Although the connection state is not shown, the rotor windings # 1a, # 2a, and # 3a correspond to the unit winding 4a shown in FIG. 3A, respectively, and the rotor windings # 1b, # 2b, and # 3 3b corresponds to the unit winding 4b shown in FIG. Each pair of rotor windings is arranged across five magnetic pole pieces 62 with one magnetic pole piece 62 interposed therebetween. Thus, the rotor windings are arranged so as to overlap each other. An area where the rotor windings # 1a, # 2a, # 3a are arranged using the nine magnetic pole pieces 62 is, for example, one pole forming an N pole, and the rotor windings # 1b, # 2b, The region where # 3b is arranged using the nine magnetic pole pieces 62 is one pole forming the S pole. The magnetic poles of the rotor 6 are formed so as to partially overlap each other. It should be noted that FIG. 3-2 is an example and the present invention is not limited to this.

  In the first embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3-3 and 3-4, the two switching circuits 12 and 13 are respectively connected between both terminals of the rotor winding 4 so that the rotor winding 4 The polarity of the magnetic pole formed with a phase difference of 180 degrees in electrical angle can be exchanged from N → S and S → N. Hereinafter, the switching circuits 12 and 13 will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 3C, the switching circuit 12 includes one light receiving element 8, a switch (SW) 31 that performs an on / off operation according to the presence or absence of the light receiving output of the light receiving element 8, and the current direction in one direction And a series circuit of diodes 32 to be defined. Similarly, the switching circuit 13 is a series circuit of the other light receiving element 9, a switch (SW) 33 that performs an on / off operation according to the presence or absence of the light receiving output of this light receiving element 9, and a diode 34 that determines the current direction in one direction. It consists of. The switches (SW) 31 and 33 are configured by transistors and relays.

  In FIG. 3C, when the rotor 6 rotates, an induced current flows through the rotor winding 4 due to the magnetic pole formed by the field winding 1. The light receiving elements 8 and 9 that rotate and move with a phase difference of about 180 degrees basically receive light emitted from the light emitting element groups A and B that are fixedly arranged. As a result, in the closed circuit composed of the switching circuit 12 and the rotor winding 4 and the closed circuit composed of the switching circuit 13 and the rotor winding 4, basically, currents flow alternately in opposite directions. The circuits 12 and 13 can perform an operation of switching the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4.

  3-4 illustrates a specific example of the switching circuits 12 and 13 in the case where the switches (SW) 31 and 33 are configured by transistors. That is, in FIG. 3-4, the switching circuit 12 includes a light receiving element 8, a transistor Q1, and diodes D1 and D2. The base electrode of the light receiving element 8 receives the light emitted from the light emitting element group A or the light emitting element group B. The collector electrode of the light receiving element 8 is connected to a high potential (for example, a DC voltage having a predetermined value), and the emitter electrode is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q1. The collector electrode of the transistor Q1 is connected to the cathode of the diode D1 and the cathode of the diode D2. The emitter electrode of the transistor Q 1 is connected to one end of the rotor winding 4. The anode of the diode D <b> 2 is connected to the other end of the rotor winding 4. The diode D2 corresponds to the diode 32 shown in FIG.

  Similarly, the switching circuit 13 includes a light receiving element 9, a transistor Q2, and diodes D3 and D4. The base electrode of the light receiving element 9 receives the light emitted from the light emitting element group B or the light emitting element group A. The emitter electrode of the light receiving element 9 is connected to a low potential (for example, ground potential), and the collector electrode is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q2. The collector electrode of the transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of the diode D3 and the anode of the diode D4. The emitter electrode of the transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D3 and one end of the rotor winding 4. The cathode of the diode D4 is connected to the other end of the rotor winding 4. The diode D4 corresponds to the diode 34 shown in FIG.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 3-4, when the light receiving element 8 is turned on and the light receiving element 9 is turned off, in the switching circuit 12, the transistor Q1 is turned on because the base potential is raised to the high potential side. Perform the action. As a result, both ends of the rotor winding 4 are connected via the switching circuit 12 to form a closed circuit via the switching circuit 12. On the other hand, in the switching circuit 13, since the transistor Q2 is not turned on, both ends of the rotor winding 4 are not connected via the switching circuit 13, and a closed circuit via the switching circuit 13 is not formed.

  Therefore, when the light receiving element 8 is turned on and the light receiving element 9 is turned off, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 is as follows: one end of the rotor winding 4 → other than the rotor winding 4 The direction of the solid arrow may be in the direction of the end → diode D2 → transistor Q1 → one end of the rotor winding 4.

  Conversely, when the light receiving element 8 performs an off operation and the light receiving element 9 performs an on operation, in the switching circuit 13, the transistor Q2 performs an on operation because the base potential is drawn to the low potential side. As a result, both ends of the rotor winding 4 are connected via the switching circuit 13 to form a closed circuit via the switching circuit 13. On the other hand, in the switching circuit 12, since the transistor Q1 does not turn on, both ends of the rotor winding 4 are not connected via the switching circuit 12, and a closed circuit via the switching circuit 12 is not formed.

  Therefore, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 when the light receiving element 9 is turned on and the light receiving element 8 is turned off is opposite to the above, and the other end of the rotor winding 4 is → One end of the rotor winding 4 → transistor Q2 → diode D4 → the other end of the rotor winding 4 can be arranged in the direction of a broken line arrow.

  Next, the operation of the power generation device configured as described above will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 to 8 are time charts for explaining the synchronous power generation operation when the driving force of the rotor 6 changes variously. FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the magnetic poles of the rotor 6 and the magnetic poles of the stator 3 when the rotor 6 rotates at the synchronous speed and the speed before and after the synchronous speed. The number of poles of the stator 3 is assumed to be, for example, 4 poles for easy understanding.

  (1) The operation when the rotor is stopped will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 shows a case where the rotor 6 is in a stopped state. In FIG. 4, the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B start to be turned on or off all at once in synchronization with the zero cross point in each half cycle of the system frequency (for example, 50 Hz). Then, it is controlled to alternately repeat the maintenance of the lighting state or the extinguishing state during the half cycle. This relationship is the same in FIGS. 5 to 8, and in the positive half cycles T1, T3, T5, the light emitting element group A is turned on and the light emitting element group B is turned off, so that the negative half cycles T2, T4, At T6, the light emitting element group B is turned on and the light emitting element group A is turned off.

  Since the rotor 6 is in a stopped state, for example, as shown in FIG. 4, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B receive light from the same light emitting element group. In FIG. 4, in the period of half cycles T1, T3, and T5 in which the light emitting element group A is in the lighting state, the light receiving element A receives the light emission and is turned on, and the light receiving element B emits light from the light emitting element group A. The light enters the off operation state without receiving light. In this case, in FIG. 3-4, for example, the switching circuit 12 performs an on operation and the switching circuit 13 performs an off operation, so that a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12 is formed. In addition, in the period of half cycles T2, T4, and T6 in which the light emitting element group B is in the lighting state, the light receiving element B receives the light projection and is turned on, and the light receiving element A emits the light from the light emitting element group B. It will be turned off without receiving. In this case, in FIG. 3C, the switching circuit 13 is turned on and the switching circuit 12 is turned off, so that a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13 is formed.

  Although the rotor 6 is in a stopped state, a system voltage of 50 Hz, for example, is applied to the field winding 1, so that a voltage is induced in the rotor winding 4 by mutual induction, and the same frequency as the system voltage, A voltage having the same phase is generated, and a current flows through the rotor winding 4. At this time, when looking at the period of one cycle, as described above, a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12 is formed within the period of the half cycle T1, and a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13 is formed within the period of the next half cycle T2. Is formed. Therefore, in FIG. 3C, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 is controlled in the direction of the solid arrow in the half cycle T1, and the reverse broken arrow in the next half cycle T2. Forced switching control in the direction. If an N-pole magnetic field is generated when a current flows through the rotor winding 4 in the direction of the solid arrow, an S-pole magnetic field is generated when a current flows through the rotor winding 4 in the direction of the dashed arrow. Thus, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 is switched in synchronization with each half cycle of the system frequency, and the magnetic poles of the rotor 6 are switched between the N pole and the S pole every half cycle. Here, even if the rotor 6 is initially set to an arbitrary electrical angle, the rotor 6 has an electrical angle of 0 degrees by the action of attraction and repulsion between the magnetic poles of the stator 3 and the magnetic poles of the rotor 6 described above. Therefore, the stop state can be maintained without rotating.

  (2) With reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 9 (3), the operation when the rotor is rotating at half the synchronous speed will be described. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining the generation process of the rotor magnetic poles when the rotor 6 rotates at a half speed of the synchronization speed (25 Hz in the illustrated example). FIG. 9 (3) is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the rotor magnetic pole and the stator magnetic pole when the rotor 6 is rotating at a half speed of the synchronization speed.

  When the rotor 6 rotates at a speed that is ½ of the synchronization speed, the rotor 6 rotates once while the system frequency (50 Hz in FIG. 5) changes by two cycles (two wavelengths). In this case, as shown in FIG. 5, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B in the light receiving element group B alternately receive the light projections of the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B in one cycle (one wavelength) having a system frequency The period and the period of the next one cycle (one wavelength) are switched.

  In FIG. 5, the rotor 6 makes one rotation within a period from the start of the positive half cycle T1 of the system frequency to the end of the negative half cycle T4. In the period of the previous half rotation (the period of the positive half cycle T1 and the next negative half cycle T2), the light receiving element A is in the front half period of the previous half rotation (the period of the positive half cycle T1). The operation state is turned on, and the operation state is switched to the off operation state in the latter half period (period of the negative half cycle T2). On the other hand, the light receiving element B is turned off in the first half period of the first half rotation, and switched to the on operation state in the second half period. In the period of the subsequent 1/2 rotation (the period of the next positive half cycle T3 and the next negative half cycle T4), the light receiving element A is in the front half period of the subsequent 1/2 rotation (the positive half cycle T3). The off operation state is maintained in the period of (2), and the on operation state is switched in the second half period (the period of the negative half cycle T4). On the other hand, the light receiving element B maintains the on operation state in the first half period of the second half rotation, and switches to the off operation state in the second half period. Thereafter, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B repeat the same operation in each rotation period over two cycles of the system frequency.

  When the light receiving element A receives light and performs an on operation, for example, the switching circuit 12 is turned on to form a closed circuit as described above. In this example, current flows in the direction of the solid arrow. At this time, if the magnetic pole formed by the rotor winding 4 is an N pole, when the light receiving element B receives light and performs an on operation, this time, the rotor winding passes through a closed circuit by the switching circuit 13. 4, a current in the reverse direction (the direction of the broken arrow shown in FIG. 3-4) flows, so that the magnetic pole formed by the rotor winding 4 is switched from the N pole to the S pole. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 5, the magnetic poles in the period during which the rotor 6 makes one rotation (the period from the positive half cycle T1 to the negative half cycle T4) In the T1 period), the N-pole is closed by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12, and the latter half period of the previous 1/2 rotation (period of the negative half cycle T2) and the first half period of the subsequent 1/2 rotation (the positive half period). In the period of cycle T3), the S pole is continuously set to the S pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13, and in the latter half period (period of the positive half cycle T4) of the subsequent 1/2 rotation, the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12 The generation is controlled so as to have N poles.

  In the stator 3 in this case, the magnetic pole where the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 is directed to 90 degrees in relative electrical angle is the period of the previous half rotation (the period of the positive half cycle T1 and the next negative half cycle T2). ) Becomes the first magnetic pole, and becomes the second magnetic pole in the period of the subsequent 1/2 rotation (the period of the next positive half cycle T3 and the next negative half cycle T4). Then, in the period of 1/2 rotation before the next one rotation (period of positive half cycle T5 and next negative half cycle T6), it becomes the third magnetic pole, which is not shown, In the period (the period of the next positive half cycle T7 and the next negative half cycle T8), it becomes the fourth magnetic pole.

  Referring to FIG. 9 (3), the magnetic pole of the rotor winding 4 and the magnetic pole at 90 degrees relative to the stator 3 have the same polarity, and the field winding 1 is synchronized with the system. The main part of the operation process in which a waveform power generation output is obtained will be described. In FIG. 9 (3), the horizontal axis represents the distance traveled by the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 per unit time. The horizontal axis corresponds to the time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1 of the system frequency shown in FIG. 5, the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, and the starting time of the next half cycle T3. A time t2, a time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, a time t4 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T5, and a time t5 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T6 are shown.

  A system voltage is applied to the field winding 1 of the stator 3. At the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, it is assumed that the polarity of the first magnetic pole is N, the polarity of the second magnetic pole is S, and the polarity of the third magnetic pole is N. Then, at the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, the polarity of the first magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole, the polarity of the second magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole, and the third magnetic pole The polarity of N changes from the N pole to the S pole. At time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T3, the polarity of the second magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole, and the polarity of the third magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole. At time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, the polarity of the second magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole, and the polarity of the third magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole. The polarity of the third magnetic pole becomes the N pole at time t4 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T5, and becomes the S pole at time t5 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T6.

  On the other hand, since the polarity of the rotor 6 can be controlled to be N pole as shown in FIG. 5 at the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 can be controlled. Thus, the same polarity as the first magnetic pole at 90 degrees is obtained. As shown in FIG. 5, the rotor 6 proceeds in a state controlled to the N pole by the closed circuit by the switching circuit 12 until time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, and at that time t1. Therefore, the polarity of the rotor 6 is the same as that of the first magnetic pole even at time t1 because the switching to the S pole is performed by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13. As shown in FIG. 5, after the rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the S pole at time t1, the rotor 6 is controlled to the S pole for the entire period of the half cycle T2 and the entire period of the next half cycle T3. Therefore, at the time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T3 that is the intermediate time, the second magnetic pole has the same polarity as the second magnetic pole toward the next 90 degrees in the relative electrical angle of the stator 3. And in the rotor 6, since it switches to N pole by the closed circuit by the switching circuit 12 at the time t3, the polarity of the rotor 6 becomes the same polarity as a 2nd magnetic pole also at the time t3.

  Similarly, after the rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the N pole at time t3, the rotor 6 proceeds through the entire period of the half cycle T4 and the entire period of the next half cycle T5 while being controlled to the N pole. At the time t4 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T5, which is an intermediate time, the same polarity as that of the third magnetic pole in the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 toward the next 90 degrees is obtained. Since the rotor 6 is switched to the S pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13 at time t5, the polarity of the rotor 6 is the same as that of the third magnetic pole at time t5. That is, even when the rotor 6 rotates at half the synchronous speed, synchronous power generation linked to the system is performed, and the field winding 1 has a power generation output having a waveform synchronized with the system. can get.

  (3) With reference to FIG. 6 and FIG. 9 (4), the operation when the rotor 6 is rotating at a speed 2/3 of the synchronous speed will be described. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the generation process of the rotor magnetic poles when the rotor 6 is rotating at 2/3 of the synchronous speed. FIG. 9 (4) is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the rotor magnetic pole and the stator magnetic pole when the rotor 6 rotates at a speed of 2/3 of the synchronous rotation.

When the rotor 6 is rotating at a speed 2/3 (33.3 Hz in the illustrated example) of the synchronous speed (50 Hz in the illustrated example), the rotor 6 is rotated while the system frequency changes by 3/2 cycles. 1 turn. That is, in FIG. 6, the rotor 6 rotates once within a period from the start time of the positive half cycle T1 to the end time of the next positive half cycle T3. Further, the rotor 6 makes one rotation within a period from the start time of the negative half cycle T4 to the end time of the next negative half cycle T6. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B alternately receive the light emission of the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B within a period of one cycle with the system frequency, There are cases where the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B alternately receive light projection of one light emitting element group.

  In FIG. 6, the period of the previous half rotation in the period from the start of the positive half cycle T1 in which the rotor 6 makes one rotation to the end of the next positive half cycle T3 (the entire period of the positive half cycle T1) In the first half period of the next negative half cycle T2), the light receiving element A is turned on in the whole period of the positive half cycle T1, and is switched off in the first half period of the next negative half cycle T2. . On the other hand, the light receiving element B is turned off in the entire period of the positive half cycle T1, and is switched on in the first half period of the next negative half cycle T2. In the latter half rotation period (the latter half period of the negative half cycle T2 and the whole period of the next positive half cycle T3), the light receiving element A is turned on in the latter half period of the negative half cycle T2. The state is switched to the OFF operation state in the entire period of the next positive half cycle T3. On the other hand, the light receiving element B is switched to the off operation state in the latter half period of the negative half cycle T2, and is switched to the on operation state in the entire period of the next positive half cycle T3.

  Further, the period of the previous half rotation (negative half cycle) in the period during which the rotor 6 performs the next one rotation (period from the start of the negative half cycle T4 to the end of the next negative half cycle T6). In the entire period of T4 and the first half period of the next positive half cycle T5), the light receiving element A is turned off in the entire period of the negative half cycle T4, and in the first half period of the next positive half cycle T5. Switches to the on operation state. On the other hand, the light receiving element B is turned on in the entire period of the negative half cycle T4, and is switched off in the first half of the next positive half cycle T5. In the latter half rotation period (the latter half period of the positive half cycle T5 and the whole period of the next negative half cycle T6), the light receiving element A is turned off in the latter half period of the positive half cycle T5. The state is switched to the ON operation state in the entire period of the next negative half cycle T6. On the other hand, the light receiving element B is switched to the on operation state in the latter half period of the positive half cycle T5, and is switched to the off operation state in the entire period of the next negative half cycle T6. Thereafter, the light-receiving element A and the light-receiving element B repeat the same operation during each two-rotation period over three cycles of the system frequency.

  Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 6, the magnetic pole in the period in which the rotor 6 makes one rotation (the period from the positive half cycle T1 to the positive half cycle T3) depends on the switching circuit 12 in the entire period of the positive half cycle T1. It becomes N pole by the closed circuit, becomes S pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13 in the first half period of the negative half cycle T2, and becomes N pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12 in the latter half period of the negative half cycle T2. In the entire period of the positive half cycle T3, the S pole is set by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13. In the period during which the rotor 6 performs the next one rotation (the period from the negative half cycle T4 to the negative half cycle T6), the entire period of the negative half cycle T4 becomes the S pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13. In the first half period of the positive half cycle T5, it becomes N pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12, and in the latter half period of the positive half cycle T5, it becomes S pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13, and the negative half cycle T6. In the entire period, the generation is controlled so as to have N poles by a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12.

  In the stator 3 in this case, the magnetic pole where the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 is directed to 90 degrees in relative electrical angle is a period of ½ rotation with respect to two rotations of the rotor 6 (the entire positive half cycle T1). In the period and the first half period of the next negative half cycle T2, it becomes the first magnetic pole, and in the period of 2/2 rotation (the second half period of the negative half cycle T2 and the whole period of the next positive half cycle T3) In the period of 3/2 rotation (the entire period of the next negative half cycle T4 and the first half period of the next positive half cycle T5), it becomes the third magnetic pole and the period of 4/2 rotations ( In the latter half period of the positive half cycle T5 and the next half period of the negative half cycle T6), the fourth magnetic pole is obtained.

  Referring to FIG. 9 (4), the magnetic pole of the rotor winding 4 and the magnetic pole of the stator 3 at 90 degrees relative electric angle have the same polarity and are synchronized from the field winding 1 to the system. The main part of the operation process in which a waveform power generation output is obtained will be described. In FIG. 9 (4), the horizontal axis represents the distance traveled by the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 per unit time. The horizontal axis shows a time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1 of the system frequency shown in FIG. 6, a time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, and a time corresponding to the intermediate time of the half cycle T2. t1.5, time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T3, time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, time t4 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T5, and the half cycle T5 A time t4.5 corresponding to the intermediate time is shown.

  A system voltage is applied to the field winding 1 of the stator 3. At the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, the polarity of the first magnetic pole is N pole, the polarity of the second magnetic pole is S pole, the polarity of the third magnetic pole is N pole, The polarity of the magnetic pole is assumed to be the S pole. Then, at the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, the polarity of the first magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole, the polarity of the second magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole, and the third magnetic pole Changes from the N pole to the S pole, and the polarity of the fourth magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole. At time t1.5 corresponding to the intermediate time of the next half cycle T2, the polarity of the second magnetic pole remains N. At time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T3, the polarity of the second magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole, the polarity of the third magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole, and the polarity of the fourth magnetic pole. Changes from N pole to S pole. The polarity of the third magnetic pole becomes the S pole at time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, and becomes the N pole at time t4 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T5. The polarity of the fourth magnetic pole becomes N pole at time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, and becomes S pole at time t4 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T5. At the time t4.5 corresponding to the intermediate time, the S pole is maintained.

  On the other hand, since the polarity of the rotor 6 can be controlled to be N pole as shown in FIG. 6 at the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 can be controlled. Thus, the same polarity as the first magnetic pole at 90 degrees is obtained. As shown in FIG. 6, the rotor 6 proceeds in a state controlled to the N pole by the closed circuit by the switching circuit 12 until the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, and at that time t1. Therefore, the polarity of the rotor 6 is the same as that of the first magnetic pole even at time t1 because the switching to the S pole is performed by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13. The rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the S pole at the time t1, and then proceeds to the time t1.5 corresponding to the intermediate time of the half cycle T2 while being controlled to the S pole, and at the time t1.5. Thus, it is switched to the N pole by a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12. Therefore, the polarity of the rotor 6 at the time t1.5 is the same as the polarity of the second magnetic pole where the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 is directed to the next 90 degrees in electrical angle.

  After the rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the N pole at time t1.5, the rotor 6 proceeds in the second half of the half cycle T2 while being controlled to the N pole, and the time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T3. Thus, the polarity of the rotor 6 is the same as that of the second magnetic pole even at time t2. Since the rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the S pole at time t2, the rotor 6 proceeds through the entire period of the half cycle T3 and the entire period of the next half cycle T4 while being controlled by the S pole. The polarity of the rotor 6 at time t3 corresponding to the starting time of a certain half cycle T4 is the same as that of the third magnetic pole at the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 toward the next 90 degrees. When the rotor 6 proceeds to time t4 corresponding to the starting time of half cycle T5, which is the end time of half cycle T4, in a state controlled to the S pole, the closed circuit depending on switching circuit 12 is reached at time t4. Therefore, the polarity of the rotor 6 at time t4 is the same as that of the third magnetic pole of the stator 3. After the rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the N pole at time t4, the rotor 6 proceeds in the first half of the half cycle T5 while being controlled to the N pole, and the time t4.5 corresponding to the intermediate time of the half cycle T5. At the time t4.5, the polarity of the rotor 6 is the same as that of the fourth magnetic pole at the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 toward the next 90 degrees. It becomes. That is, even when the rotor 6 is rotating at a speed that is 2/3 of the synchronous speed, synchronous power generation linked to the system is performed, and the field winding 1 has a waveform power generation synchronized with the system. Output is obtained.

  (4) The operation when the rotor is rotating at the synchronous speed will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the generation process of the rotor magnetic poles when the rotor 6 rotates at a synchronous speed (50 Hz in the illustrated example). FIG. 9A is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the rotor magnetic pole and the stator magnetic pole when the rotor 6 rotates in a synchronous manner.

  When the rotor 6 rotates at a synchronous speed (50 Hz in the illustrated example), the change in the system voltage phase and the rotation phase of the rotor 6 coincide with each other, so that the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B alternate. Only one of the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B continues to receive the light projection, and switching of the light receiving element does not occur. Therefore, the current of the rotor winding 4 continuously flows in one direction. FIG. 7 shows that the light receiving element A continues to receive light. In this case, since only a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12 is formed in each half cycle of the system frequency, the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 is always N pole.

  Referring to FIG. 9 (1), an operation process in which the magnetic poles of the rotor winding 4 and the magnetic poles of the stator 3 have the same polarity, and a power generation output having a waveform synchronized with the system from the field winding 1 is obtained. The main part will be described. In FIG. 9 (1), the horizontal axis represents the distance traveled by the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 per unit time. The horizontal axis corresponds to the time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1 of the system frequency shown in FIG. 7, the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, and the starting time of the next half cycle T3. A time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4 is shown at time t2.

  A system voltage is applied to the field winding 1 of the stator 3. At the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, the polarity of the first magnetic pole is N pole, the polarity of the second magnetic pole is S pole, the polarity of the third magnetic pole is N pole, The polarity of the magnetic pole is assumed to be the S pole. Then, at time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, the polarity of the second magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole, the polarity of the third magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole, With four magnetic poles, the S pole changes to the N pole. At time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T3, the polarity of the third magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole, and at the fourth magnetic pole, the polarity changes from the N pole to the S pole. Then, at the time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, the polarity of the fourth magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole.

  On the other hand, when the rotor 6 rotates at the synchronous speed, the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, and the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T2, At each time of time t2 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T3 and time t3 corresponding to the starting time of the next half cycle T4, the polarity of the rotor 6 is set to N by a closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12. Since the control is continued to the pole, the relationship is always the same as that of the first magnetic pole, the second magnetic pole, the third magnetic pole, and the fourth magnetic pole in the direction of 90 degrees in the relative electrical angle of the stator 3. As a result, the field winding 1 functions as a synchronous generator, and a power generation output having a waveform synchronized with the system is obtained.

  (5) With reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 (2), the operation when the rotor rotates exceeding the synchronous speed will be described. FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the generation process of the rotor magnetic poles when the rotor 6 is rotating at a speed twice the synchronous speed. FIG. 9B is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the rotor magnetic pole and the stator magnetic pole when the rotor 6 is rotating at a speed twice the synchronous speed.

  When the rotor 6 rotates at a speed twice the synchronization speed (50 Hz in the illustrated example) (100 Hz in the illustrated example), the system frequency (50 Hz in the illustrated example) changes during one cycle (one wavelength). The rotor 6 rotates twice. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B alternately project one of the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B within each half cycle period of the system frequency. Will receive.

  In FIG. 8, in a period during which the rotor 6 makes one rotation (all periods of the positive half cycle T1), the light receiving element A is turned on in the first half period and switched to the off operation state in the second half period. On the other hand, the light receiving element B is turned off in the first half period, and switched to the on operation state in the second half period. In a period in which the rotor 6 performs the next one rotation (all periods of the negative half cycle T2), the light receiving element A maintains the off operation state in the first half period and switches to the on operation state in the second half period. On the other hand, the light receiving element B maintains the on operation state in the first half period and switches to the off operation state in the second half period. Thereafter, the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B repeat the same operation in each of two rotations over one cycle of the system frequency.

  Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic pole in the period in which the rotor 6 rotates twice (the period from the positive half cycle T1 to the negative half cycle T2) is transferred to the switching circuit 12 in the first half period of the positive half cycle T1. The N-pole is caused by the closed circuit, and the S-pole is continued by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 13 in the latter half period of the positive half cycle T1 and the first half period of the negative half cycle T2, and the latter half of the negative half cycle T2. In the minute period, the generation is controlled to be N pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12. The corresponding magnetic poles in the stator 3 in this case are the first magnetic pole in the first half cycle T1 and the second magnetic pole in the second half period. In the next negative half cycle T2, the first half period becomes the third magnetic pole, and the second half period becomes the fourth magnetic pole. The same magnetic pole relationship is obtained in each cycle.

  In this case, in each half cycle of the system frequency, since the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B are switched and received by the light emitting element group, the closed circuit by the switching circuit 12 and the closed circuit by the switching circuit 13 are closed. It is formed by switching to the circuit. That is, in each half cycle of the system frequency, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 is switched. However, when observing the phase shifted by 1/4 cycle, one of the light receiving element A and the light receiving element B is in the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group in a period corresponding to each half cycle of the system frequency shifted by 1/4 cycle. One B's light is received. This state is the same as the synchronous light reception when the rotor 6 shown in FIG. 4 is stopped. Further, in the period corresponding to each half cycle of the system frequency shifted by ¼ cycle, a closed circuit depending on one of the switching circuit 12 and the switching circuit 13 is continuously formed. The current flowing in the line 4 is synthesized before and after the 1/4 cycle, and is controlled so as to flow in one direction without switching. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 9 (2), the magnetic poles of the rotor winding 4 and the magnetic poles of the stator 3 facing 90 degrees have the same polarity, so the field winding 1 is synchronized with the system. The generated power output of the waveform is obtained.

  Referring to FIG. 9 (2), the magnetic poles of the rotor winding 4 and the magnetic poles at 90 degrees of the stator 3 have the same polarity, and the power generation output having a waveform synchronized with the system from the field winding 1 The main part of the operation process in which is obtained will be described. explain. Here, the situation in the half cycles T1 and T2 shown in FIG. 8 will be described. That is, in FIG. 9B, the horizontal axis is the distance that the magnetic pole of the rotor 6 travels per unit time. This horizontal axis corresponds to the time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1 of the system frequency shown in FIG. 8, the time t1 / 2 corresponding to the intermediate time of the half cycle T1, and the starting time of the next half cycle T2. A time t1 corresponding to an intermediate time of the half cycle T2 is shown.

  A system voltage is applied to the field winding 1 of the stator 3. At the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, the polarity of the first magnetic pole is N pole, the polarity of the second magnetic pole is S pole, the polarity of the third magnetic pole is N pole, The polarity of the magnetic pole is assumed to be the S pole. Then, at time t1 / 2 corresponding to the intermediate time of the next half cycle T1, the polarity of the second magnetic pole remains the S pole, the polarity of the third magnetic pole remains the N pole, and the polarity of the fourth magnetic pole. Remains the S pole. Then, at time t1 corresponding to the next half cycle T2, the polarity of the third magnetic pole changes from the N pole to the S pole, and the polarity of the fourth magnetic pole changes from the S pole to the N pole. At the time t1.5 corresponding to the intermediate time of the next half cycle T2, the polarity of the fourth magnetic pole remains N.

  On the other hand, since the polarity of the rotor 6 can be controlled to be N pole as shown in FIG. 8 at the initial time t0 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T1, the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 can be controlled. Thus, the same polarity as the first magnetic pole at 90 degrees is obtained. As shown in FIG. 8, the rotor 6 proceeds in a state controlled to the N pole by the closed circuit by the switching circuit 12 until the time t1 / 2 corresponding to the intermediate time of the half cycle T1, and the time t1 Since the polarity is switched to the S pole by the closed circuit by the switching circuit 13 at / 2, the polarity of the rotor at time t1 / 2 is the same as the second magnetic pole at the electrical angle of the rotor 6 toward the next 90 degrees. become. After the rotor 6 is controlled to be switched to the S pole at time t1 / 2, the rotor 6 is controlled to the S pole, and the time t1 is the end time of the second half period of the half cycle T1 and the first half period of the half cycle T2. .5, and is switched to the N pole by the closed circuit depending on the switching circuit 12 at the time t1.5. Therefore, the polarity of the rotor 6 at the time t1 corresponding to the starting time of the half cycle T2 is the same as that of the third magnetic pole at the relative electrical angle of the stator 3 toward the next 90 degrees. Further, the rotor 6 at time 1.5 has the same polarity as the fourth magnetic pole at the next 90 degrees relative to the stator 3 relative electrical angle. That is, even when the rotor 6 is rotating at a speed twice as high as the synchronous speed, synchronous power generation linked to the system is performed, and the field winding 1 has a waveform power generation output synchronized with the system. Is obtained.

  As described above, the relationship between the light emission of the light emitting element and the light reception of the light receiving element has explained that the magnetic pole generated by the stator winding and the magnetic pole generated by the rotor winding can be synchronized to perform system-connected power generation. A description summarizing these will be further added. In FIG. 2, the light emitting element group A and the light emitting element group B are shown. These light emitting element groups emit light in association with the system and are fixed to the stator. Considering the case of a two-pole stator, assuming that the magnetic pole of the first stator when the light emitting element group A emits light is N (S), the light emitting element group B emits light similarly. Sometimes the magnetic pole of the second stator is N (S). The stator on the light emitting side is always N (S). Therefore, the same can be said for the rotor. That is, the magnetic pole of the rotor on the light receiving element side that always receives light is N (S). As described above, by the light emission of the light emitting element group and the light reception of the light receiving element, the switching circuits 12 and 13 in FIG. 3-4 switch the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding and rotate toward the electrical angle of 90 ° as described above. The poles of the child can be controlled to have the same polarity as the poles of the stator, and system interconnection can be achieved.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, two light-emitting elements that alternately turn on and off simultaneously in each period of 180 degrees (for example, half cycle) in the electrical angle of the system frequency that is the commercial power supply frequency. The group is fixedly arranged, and the rotor is provided with two sets of light receiving elements that receive light from the two light emitting element groups so as to rotate integrally with a phase difference of about 180 degrees, and the rotor winding Since the direction of the current flowing through can be switched according to the light receiving state of the two sets of light receiving elements, not only when the rotor is rotating at the synchronous speed, but also the rotor rotates at a speed before and after the synchronous speed. Even in this case, the polarities of the magnetic poles of the rotor and the corresponding magnetic poles of the stator can be made the same, and power generation synchronized with the system can be performed.

  As described above, the power generator according to Embodiment 1 can perform grid-connected power generation even when the rotational speed of the rotor is around the synchronous speed. This is a characteristic that cannot be obtained with induction generators and self-excited generators.

  In addition, the power generation device according to the first embodiment has a winding on the rotor, but it is not necessary to supply an excitation current to the rotor winding from the outside, and control for maintaining the synchronous rotation speed is performed. There is no grid connection. This eliminates the need for an excitation power source, slip ring, brush, etc. when a rotor winding is required in a conventional synchronous generator, and simplifies the control system facilities and circuits, making it economical and durable. An excellent power generator can be obtained.

  Furthermore, since the power generator according to Embodiment 1 does not have a permanent magnet in the rotor, there is almost no load at the start of rotation, and the excitation current of the rotor winding increases as the rotational speed increases. As a result, the rotation start becomes very easy. Therefore, the power generator according to Embodiment 1 is particularly suitable for use in wind power generation in which the driving force of the rotor is relatively weak and the fluctuation is relatively large.

  In addition, since a single operation is possible by switching the circuit, it is possible to easily switch to a power generator capable of generating power even in a place without a commercial power source.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a simplified configuration of the power generation apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention. In FIG. 10, the same reference numerals are given to configurations that are the same as or equivalent to the configurations illustrated in FIG. 1. Here, the description will focus on the parts related to the second embodiment.

  That is, as shown in FIG. 10, in the power generation device according to the second embodiment, switching circuits 70 and 71 are provided in place of the switching circuits 12 and 13 in the configuration shown in FIG. 1. In the switching circuits 70 and 71, one input / output end is connected to each other, and the other input / output end is connected to a corresponding end of the rotor winding 4. That is, both ends of the series circuit of the switching circuits 70 and 71 are connected to both ends of the rotor winding 4.

  The light receiving elements 8 and 9 that rotate and move with a phase difference of 180 degrees alternately receive the light projections of the light emitting element groups A and B. When the rotor 6 rotates, an induced current flows through the rotor winding 4 due to the magnetic pole formed by the field winding 1. As shown in FIG. 11, the series circuit of the switching circuits 70 and 71 performs an operation of switching the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4. FIG. 11 is a principle diagram illustrating a mechanism for switching the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding shown in FIG. Hereinafter, a description will be given with reference to FIG.

  In FIG. 11, the switching circuit 70 includes a light receiving element 8, a transistor Q1, and a diode D1. The light receiving element 8 receives light emitted from the light emitting element group A or the light emitting element group B. The collector electrode of the light receiving element 8 is connected to a high potential (for example, a DC voltage having a predetermined value), and the emitter electrode is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q1. The collector electrode of the transistor Q1 is connected to one end of the rotor winding 4 and the cathode of the diode D1. The emitter electrode of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1.

  Similarly, the switching circuit 71 includes a light receiving element 9, a transistor Q2, and a diode D2. The light receiving element 9 receives light emitted from the light emitting element group B or the light emitting element group A. The collector electrode of the light receiving element 9 is connected to a high potential (for example, a DC voltage having a predetermined value), and the emitter electrode is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q2. The collector electrode of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end of the rotor winding 4 and the cathode of the diode D2. The emitter electrode of the transistor Q2 is connected to the anode of the diode D2. The anode of the diode D1 and the anode of the diode D2 are connected in common.

  In the configuration shown in FIG. 11, when the light receiving element 8 is turned on and the light receiving element 9 is turned off, in the switching circuit 70, the transistor Q1 is turned on, and the diode D1 is short-circuited. . On the other hand, in the switching circuit 71, the transistor Q2 is not turned on. Therefore, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 is one round from the one end of the rotor winding 4 to the transistor Q 1 → the diode D 2 → the other end of the rotor winding 4.

  Conversely, when the light receiving element 8 performs an off operation and the light receiving element 9 performs an on operation, in the switching circuit 71, the transistor Q2 performs an on operation and the diode D2 is in a short circuit state. On the other hand, in the switching circuit 70, the transistor Q1 is not turned on. Therefore, the direction of the current flowing through the rotor winding 4 is opposite to the above, and the other end of the rotor winding 4 → the transistor Q 2 → the diode D 1 → the one end of the rotor winding 4.

  Therefore, also in the second embodiment, control of whether to flow the current in one direction to the rotor winding 4 or switch the flowing direction according to the relative phase relationship between the lighting state and the unlighting state of the light emitting element groups A and B. Therefore, the operations described in FIGS. 4 to 9 are performed. Therefore, the same operation and effect as in the first embodiment can be obtained.

Embodiment 3. FIG.
FIG. 12 is a circuit diagram showing a main configuration of a power generator according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. In the third embodiment, an example in which the rotor winding is constituted by two or more is shown. That is, in the third embodiment, the rotor windings 4 shown in the first and second embodiments are arranged such that one end side connected in common is an electrical angle at an interval of about 60 degrees as shown in FIG. The three rotor windings 81, 82, and 83 are configured. The rotor windings 81, 82, and 83 have the configuration described with reference to FIG. Moreover, the black circle shown at one end of the rotor windings 81, 82, 83 indicates the winding start end 4c in FIG.

  In FIG. 12, the rotor winding 81 is arranged at one end (winding start end) at an electrical angle of 0 degrees as an object of switching control. The rotor windings 82 and 83 are respectively arranged on the rear end side in the rotation direction. Among them, the rotor winding 82 has one end (winding end) in the illustrated example arranged at an electrical angle of approximately −60 degrees. The rotor winding 83 has one end (winding start end) disposed at an electrical angle of approximately −120 degrees. It should be noted that one end of the rotor winding 82 that has one end arranged at an electrical angle of approximately −60 degrees may be the winding start end.

  That is, in FIG. 12, one end (winding start end) of the rotor winding 81, one end (winding end end in the illustrated example) of the rotor winding 82, and one end (winding end end) of the rotor winding 83 are common. It is connected to the. Two switching circuits 85 and 86 as shown in FIG. 3-4 are provided at the other end of the rotor winding 81, and diodes D5 and D6 connected in reverse parallel are provided at the other end of the rotor winding 82. The other end of the rotor winding 83 is provided with diodes D7 and D8 connected in reverse parallel.

  This will be specifically described. The switching circuit 85 includes a light receiving element 8, a transistor Q1, and a diode D1. The base electrode of the light receiving element 8 receives the light emitted from the light emitting element group A or the light emitting element group B. The collector electrode of the light receiving element 8 is connected to a high potential (for example, a DC voltage having a predetermined value), and the emitter electrode is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q1. The collector electrode of the transistor Q1 is connected to the other end (end of winding) of the rotor winding 81 and the cathode of the diode D1. The emitter electrode of the transistor Q1 is connected to the anode of the diode D1.

  The switching circuit 86 includes a light receiving element 9, a transistor Q2, and a diode D2. The base electrode of the light receiving element 9 receives the light emitted from the light emitting element group B or the light emitting element group A. The emitter electrode of the light receiving element 9 is connected to a low potential (for example, ground potential), and the collector electrode is connected to the base electrode of the transistor Q2. The collector electrode of the transistor Q2 is connected to the other end (end of winding) of the rotor winding 81 and the anode of the diode D2. The emitter electrode of the transistor Q2 is connected to the cathode of the diode D2.

  The other end (winding start end) of the rotor winding 82 is connected to the anode of the diode D5 and the cathode of the diode D6, and the other end (winding end end) of the rotor winding 83 is connected to the anode of the diode D7. The cathode of the diode D8 is connected. The cathodes of the diodes D5 and D7 are commonly connected to the connection end of the emitter electrode of the transistor Q2 and the cathode of the diode D2 in the switching circuit 86, and are also connected to the cathode of the diode D3. The anodes of the diodes D6 and D8 are connected in common to the connection end of the emitter electrode of the transistor Q1 and the anode of the diode D1 in the switching circuit 85, and are connected to the anode of the diode D4. The anode of the diode D3 and the cathode of the diode D3 are connected in common to one end connection lines of the rotor windings 81, 82, 83.

  In the above configuration, when the light receiving element 8 is turned on and the light receiving element 9 is turned off, in the switching circuit 85, the transistor Q1 is turned on and the diode D1 is short-circuited. In the switching circuit 86, the transistor Q2 maintains the off operation state. As a result, the other end of the rotor winding 81 is connected to the anodes of the diodes D4, D6, and D8 via the switching circuit 85. As a result, the route through which the current can flow through the rotor winding 81 in the direction of the solid arrow is the route via the diode D4, the route via the diode D6 and the rotor winding 82, the diode D8 and the rotor. Three closed loops of the route via the winding 83 are formed.

  Conversely, when the light receiving element 8 performs an off operation and the light receiving element 9 performs an on operation, in the switching circuit 86, the transistor Q2 performs an on operation and the diode D2 is short-circuited. In the switching circuit 85, the transistor Q1 maintains the off operation state. As a result, the other end of the rotor winding 81 is connected to the cathodes of the diodes D3, D5, and D7 via the switching circuit 86. As a result, the route through which the current can flow through the rotor winding 81 in the direction of the broken arrow is the route via the diode D3, the route via the diode D5 and the rotor winding 82, the diode D7 and the rotor. Three closed loops of the route via the winding 83 are formed.

  According to this configuration, since the current induced in the rotor windings 82 and 83 is also injected into the rotor winding 81 to be switched, the power generation output can be increased. According to the experiment, in the configuration shown in the first embodiment, it was about ˜1 kW, but in the configuration shown in FIG. 12, a power generation output of 5 kW was obtained.

  In addition, although the case where two rotor windings that perform current injection are provided for the rotor winding that performs switching control is shown, there is also a method of providing one rotor winding. This method includes (1) a method of disposing at an electrical angle of approximately −60 degrees and (2) a method of disposing at an electrical angle of approximately −120 degrees. Then, assuming that one end side of the rotor winding (one end side is arranged at an electrical angle of 0 degree) that performs switching control is the winding start end, in the method (1), the electrical angle is approximately −60 degrees. The one end side of the rotor winding disposed at the position may be the winding end end or the winding start end. However, in the method (2), the electrical angle is approximately −120 degrees. It is desirable that one end side of the rotor winding to be disposed is a winding start end.

  According to the experiment, the method (1) differs depending on whether one end side of the rotor winding arranged at an electrical angle of approximately −60 degrees is the winding start end or the winding end end. A power generation output of 2 kW to 1.6 kW was confirmed. In the method (2), a power output of 1.4 kW was confirmed.

  Thus, according to Embodiment 3, a synchronous power generator with high power generation efficiency is obtained.

  Here, in the first to third embodiments, the non-contact switching means includes a plurality of light emitting elements that are fixedly arranged, and the plurality of light emitting elements that rotate integrally with the rotor with a phase difference of 180 degrees. As shown in the above description, the switching circuit including the two light receiving elements that receive the light of the above-mentioned light is shown. However, as can be understood from the above description, the generation of the magnetic field that can control the generation and stop of the magnetic field instead of the light emitting element. The same configuration can be obtained by using means (specifically, an electromagnet) and using a Hall element instead of the light receiving element.

  As described above, the power generation apparatus according to the present invention is useful for obtaining a power generation output synchronized with the system frequency regardless of the magnitude of the rotational driving force that is an input, and in particular, wind power generation with a large fluctuation in the rotational driving force. Suitable for

It is a figure which shows the simple structure of the electric power generating apparatus which is Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure explaining the relationship between two sets of light receiving elements shown in FIG. 1, and a some light emitting element, and the arrangement | positioning aspect of a some light emitting element. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the basic composition of the rotor winding | winding shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram explaining the specific structural example of the rotor coil | winding 4 shown in FIG. FIG. 2 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining the relationship between the rotor winding shown in FIG. 1 and two switching circuits having light receiving elements (a principle diagram explaining a mechanism for switching the direction of current flowing through the rotor winding shown in FIG. 1). is there. It is a figure which shows the specific example of two switching circuits which have a light receiving element shown to FIGS. 3-3. It is a time chart explaining the relationship between the light emitting element group and the light receiving element with respect to the system frequency when the rotor shown in FIG. 1 is in a stopped state. It is a time chart explaining synchronous electric power generation operation in case the rotor shown in FIG. 1 is rotating at the speed of 1/2 of synchronous speed. It is a time chart explaining the synchronous electric power generation operation in case the rotor shown in FIG. 1 is rotating at the speed of 2/3 of synchronous speed. It is a time chart explaining the synchronous electric power generation operation in case the rotor shown in FIG. 1 is rotating at the synchronous speed. It is a time chart explaining the synchronous electric power generation operation | movement in case the rotor shown in FIG. It is a time chart explaining the relationship between the magnetic pole of a stator and the magnetic pole of a rotor in case the rotor shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the simple structure of the electric power generating apparatus which is Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a principle figure explaining the mechanism which switches the direction of the electric current which flows through the rotor coil | winding shown in FIG. It is a circuit diagram which shows the principal part structure of the electric power generating apparatus which is Embodiment 3 of this invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Field winding 2 Stator core 3 Stator 4, 81, 82, 83 Rotor winding 5 Rotor core 6 Rotor 7 Windmill 8, 9 Light receiving element 10 Light emitting element 11, 14 Plate material (placement surface)
12, 13, 71, 72, 85, 86 switching circuit 15 light emitting element driving unit

Claims (12)

In a power generation device comprising a rotor having a rotor winding and a stator having a stator winding, and obtaining a power generation output from the stator winding by rotation of the rotor,
According to the relative speed between the electrical angle that travels per unit time of the voltage applied to the stator winding and the electrical angle that travels per unit time of the magnetic pole of the rotor due to the rotation of the rotor, Non-contact switching means for switching the current flowing through the rotor winding in one direction or the other direction;
A power generator characterized by that. A plurality of the non-contact switching means are arranged on a substantially circular circumference on a member of an appropriate shape placed stationary together with the stator, and the light emitting operation is divided into two groups in which the circumference is substantially divided into two. , In synchronization with the voltage phase applied to the stator winding, a light emitting element controlled such that the first group and the second group are alternately turned on and off simultaneously and continuously,
An appropriately shaped member that can rotate together with the rotor can be irradiated with light emitted from the light emitting element at a physical angle of about 180 degrees on the circumference of a substantially concentric circle with respect to the axis of the rotor. The power generation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a switching circuit including two sets of light receiving elements disposed facing each other. The switching circuit is
A first switch that is turned on when one light receiving element of the two sets of light receiving elements is turned on, and a current flowing from one end to the other end of the rotor winding when the first switch is turned on. A first circuit including a first unidirectional element
A second switch that is turned on when the other light receiving element is turned on, and a second one-way flow that causes a current from the other end to flow through the rotor winding when the second switch is turned on. A second circuit including an element;
The power generator according to claim 2, comprising:   4. The power generator according to claim 3, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the rotor winding. 5.   The power generator according to claim 3, wherein a series circuit of the first circuit and the second circuit is connected between both terminals of the rotor winding. A plurality of the non-contact switching means are arranged on a substantially circular circumference on an appropriately shaped member placed stationary together with the stator, and the magnetic field generating operation is performed in two groups obtained by dividing the circumference into two substantially A magnetic field generating means that is controlled so that the first group and the second group alternately repeat the simultaneous magnetic field generation and the simultaneous magnetic field generation stop in synchronization with the voltage phase applied to the stator winding. When,
An appropriately shaped member that can rotate with the rotor is subjected to a magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generating means at a physical angle of approximately 180 degrees on a substantially concentric circumference with respect to the axis of the rotor. The power generation device according to claim 1, further comprising: a switching circuit including two sets of Hall elements arranged to face each other. The switching circuit is
A first switch that becomes conductive when one Hall element of the two sets of Hall elements is turned on, and a current that flows from one end to the other end flows through the rotor winding when the first switch is conductive. A first circuit including a first unidirectional element to be
A second switch that conducts when the other Hall element is turned on and a second switch that causes a current from the other end to flow through the rotor winding when the second switch is in a conducting state. A second circuit including a directional element;
The power generator according to claim 6, comprising:   The power generator according to claim 7, wherein the first circuit and the second circuit are each connected between both terminals of the rotor winding.   The power generator according to claim 7, wherein a series circuit of the first circuit and the second circuit is connected between both terminals of the rotor winding. The rotor winding is configured by connecting the first ends of the first rotor winding and the second rotor winding arranged at a predetermined electrical angle apart from each other.
In the switching circuit, the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the first rotor winding, and one of the first circuit and the second circuit is When the on-operation is performed and the first rotor winding is controlled to be in a conductive state, the other ends of the first rotor winding and the second rotor winding are formed so as to form a closed circuit. And electrically injecting the current flowing through the second rotor winding into the first rotor winding,
The power generator according to claim 3 or 7, further comprising: The rotor winding is configured by connecting the first ends of a first rotor winding, a second rotor winding, and a third rotor winding arranged at a predetermined electrical angle to each other. ,
In the switching circuit, the first circuit and the second circuit are respectively connected between both terminals of the first rotor winding, and one of the first circuit and the second circuit is The first rotor winding and the second and third rotor windings form a closed circuit when the first rotor winding is controlled to be in a conductive state by turning on. A configuration in which the other ends are electrically connected to each other and a current flowing through the second and third rotor windings is injected into the first rotor winding;
The power generator according to claim 3 or 7, further comprising: The predetermined electrical angle is a number of quotients obtained by dividing approximately 180 degrees by the number of rotor windings arranged on a pole piece constituting one pole of the rotor. The power generation device according to 10 or 11.

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